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Gaia20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce in the PRC:NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number1Y图形382010.04.212020.04.2067460692Y图形412010.09.072020.09.0667460673YRADIO文字352010.07.212020.07.2067334374YRADIO文字382010.04.21.2020.04.2067334385YRADIO文字412010.09.072020.09.0667334396LookLook图形382009.04.072019.04.0646660517LookLook图形422008.12.212028.12.2046660508YTV文字352010.07.212020.07.2067335799YTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673357810YTV文字412010.09.072020.09.06673358111YTV文字422010.09.072020.09.06673358012YOUTV文字352010.07.212020.07.20673344013YOUTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673344114xfeng文字352012.03.282022.03.27922914527NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce in the PRC:NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number1Y图形382010.04.212020.04.2067460692Y图形412010.09.072020.09.0667460673YRADIO文字352010.07.212020.07.2067334374YRADIO文字382010.04.21.2020.04.2067334385YRADIO文字412010.09.072020.09.0667334396LookLook图形382009.04.072019.04.0646660517LookLook图形422008.12.212028.12.2046660508YTV文字352010.07.212020.07.2067335799YTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673357810YTV文字412010.09.072020.09.06673358111YTV文字422010.09.072020.09.06673358012YOUTV文字352010.07.212020.07.20673344013YOUTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673344114xfeng文字352012.03.282022.03.27922914527NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number15xfeng文字382012.03.282022.03.27922916016xfeng文字412012.03.282022.03.27922919017xfeng文字422012.03.282022.03.27922922118中传视讯文字+图形422008.12.212028.12.20466604719中传视讯文字422008.12.212028.12.20466604820中传视讯文字382008.12.212028.12.20466604921新蜂文字382011.08.212021.08.20853890722新蜂文字422012.01.282022.01.27853907823新蜂.潮文字382011.08.212021.08.20853910424新蜂.潮文字422012.01.282022.01.27853914125新影力412014.08.282024.08.271228864326小人图形352014.08.282024.08.271228798527小人图形382014.08.282024.08.271228858028小人图形412014.08.282024.08.271228862929小人图形422014.08.282024.08.271228843530中传文字382014.08.282024.08.271228826731中传图形382014.08.282024.08.271228828932中童文字412014.08.072024.08.061221408533中童在线文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409234翠鸟文字382014.08.072014.08.061221405835翠鸟文字422014.08.072014.08.061221412536爱翠鸟文字382014.08.072024.08.061221406637爱翠鸟文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409638爱翠鸟文字422014.08.072024.08.061221412639翠鸟图形352014.08.072024.08.061221404040翠鸟图形382014.08.072024.08.061221407441翠鸟图形412014.08.072024.08.061221410042翠鸟图形422014.08.072024.08.061221413143信号小喇叭图形+CMEDIA412015.03.212025.03.201248043944LookLook图形382015.11.142025.11.131153342845LookLook图形422014.06.212024.06.201153372046LookLook文字382014.07.142024.07.131153406747LookLook文字422014.04.142024.04.131153422748L图形352014.02.282024.02.271153500249L图形382014.02.282024.02.271153507350L图形412014.02.282024.02.271153518151L图形422014.02.282024.02.271153526252箩筐图形412016.06.142026.06.131658022853箩筐图形422016.06.142026.06.131658022754箩筐文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024955箩筐文字412016.06.142026.06.131658025056箩筐文字352016.09.212026.09.201658025257箩筐文字92016.06.142026.06.131658025328NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce in the PRC:NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number1Y图形382010.04.212020.04.2067460692Y图形412010.09.072020.09.0667460673YRADIO文字352010.07.212020.07.2067334374YRADIO文字382010.04.21.2020.04.2067334385YRADIO文字412010.09.072020.09.0667334396LookLook图形382009.04.072019.04.0646660517LookLook图形422008.12.212028.12.2046660508YTV文字352010.07.212020.07.2067335799YTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673357810YTV文字412010.09.072020.09.06673358111YTV文字422010.09.072020.09.06673358012YOUTV文字352010.07.212020.07.20673344013YOUTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673344114xfeng文字352012.03.282022.03.27922914527NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number15xfeng文字382012.03.282022.03.27922916016xfeng文字412012.03.282022.03.27922919017xfeng文字422012.03.282022.03.27922922118中传视讯文字+图形422008.12.212028.12.20466604719中传视讯文字422008.12.212028.12.20466604820中传视讯文字382008.12.212028.12.20466604921新蜂文字382011.08.212021.08.20853890722新蜂文字422012.01.282022.01.27853907823新蜂.潮文字382011.08.212021.08.20853910424新蜂.潮文字422012.01.282022.01.27853914125新影力412014.08.282024.08.271228864326小人图形352014.08.282024.08.271228798527小人图形382014.08.282024.08.271228858028小人图形412014.08.282024.08.271228862929小人图形422014.08.282024.08.271228843530中传文字382014.08.282024.08.271228826731中传图形382014.08.282024.08.271228828932中童文字412014.08.072024.08.061221408533中童在线文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409234翠鸟文字382014.08.072014.08.061221405835翠鸟文字422014.08.072014.08.061221412536爱翠鸟文字382014.08.072024.08.061221406637爱翠鸟文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409638爱翠鸟文字422014.08.072024.08.061221412639翠鸟图形352014.08.072024.08.061221404040翠鸟图形382014.08.072024.08.061221407441翠鸟图形412014.08.072024.08.061221410042翠鸟图形422014.08.072024.08.061221413143信号小喇叭图形+CMEDIA412015.03.212025.03.201248043944LookLook图形382015.11.142025.11.131153342845LookLook图形422014.06.212024.06.201153372046LookLook文字382014.07.142024.07.131153406747LookLook文字422014.04.142024.04.131153422748L图形352014.02.282024.02.271153500249L图形382014.02.282024.02.271153507350L图形412014.02.282024.02.271153518151L图形422014.02.282024.02.271153526252箩筐图形412016.06.142026.06.131658022853箩筐图形422016.06.142026.06.131658022754箩筐文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024955箩筐文字412016.06.142026.06.131658025056箩筐文字352016.09.212026.09.201658025257箩筐文字92016.06.142026.06.131658025328NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce in the PRC:NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number1Y图形382010.04.212020.04.2067460692Y图形412010.09.072020.09.0667460673YRADIO文字352010.07.212020.07.2067334374YRADIO文字382010.04.21.2020.04.2067334385YRADIO文字412010.09.072020.09.0667334396LookLook图形382009.04.072019.04.0646660517LookLook图形422008.12.212028.12.2046660508YTV文字352010.07.212020.07.2067335799YTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673357810YTV文字412010.09.072020.09.06673358111YTV文字422010.09.072020.09.06673358012YOUTV文字352010.07.212020.07.20673344013YOUTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673344114xfeng文字352012.03.282022.03.27922914527NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number15xfeng文字382012.03.282022.03.27922916016xfeng文字412012.03.282022.03.27922919017xfeng文字422012.03.282022.03.27922922118中传视讯文字+图形422008.12.212028.12.20466604719中传视讯文字422008.12.212028.12.20466604820中传视讯文字382008.12.212028.12.20466604921新蜂文字382011.08.212021.08.20853890722新蜂文字422012.01.282022.01.27853907823新蜂.潮文字382011.08.212021.08.20853910424新蜂.潮文字422012.01.282022.01.27853914125新影力412014.08.282024.08.271228864326小人图形352014.08.282024.08.271228798527小人图形382014.08.282024.08.271228858028小人图形412014.08.282024.08.271228862929小人图形422014.08.282024.08.271228843530中传文字382014.08.282024.08.271228826731中传图形382014.08.282024.08.271228828932中童文字412014.08.072024.08.061221408533中童在线文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409234翠鸟文字382014.08.072014.08.061221405835翠鸟文字422014.08.072014.08.061221412536爱翠鸟文字382014.08.072024.08.061221406637爱翠鸟文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409638爱翠鸟文字422014.08.072024.08.061221412639翠鸟图形352014.08.072024.08.061221404040翠鸟图形382014.08.072024.08.061221407441翠鸟图形412014.08.072024.08.061221410042翠鸟图形422014.08.072024.08.061221413143信号小喇叭图形+CMEDIA412015.03.212025.03.201248043944LookLook图形382015.11.142025.11.131153342845LookLook图形422014.06.212024.06.201153372046LookLook文字382014.07.142024.07.131153406747LookLook文字422014.04.142024.04.131153422748L图形352014.02.282024.02.271153500249L图形382014.02.282024.02.271153507350L图形412014.02.282024.02.271153518151L图形422014.02.282024.02.271153526252箩筐图形412016.06.142026.06.131658022853箩筐图形422016.06.142026.06.131658022754箩筐文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024955箩筐文字412016.06.142026.06.131658025056箩筐文字352016.09.212026.09.201658025257箩筐文字92016.06.142026.06.131658025328NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce in the PRC:NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number1Y图形382010.04.212020.04.2067460692Y图形412010.09.072020.09.0667460673YRADIO文字352010.07.212020.07.2067334374YRADIO文字382010.04.21.2020.04.2067334385YRADIO文字412010.09.072020.09.0667334396LookLook图形382009.04.072019.04.0646660517LookLook图形422008.12.212028.12.2046660508YTV文字352010.07.212020.07.2067335799YTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673357810YTV文字412010.09.072020.09.06673358111YTV文字422010.09.072020.09.06673358012YOUTV文字352010.07.212020.07.20673344013YOUTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673344114xfeng文字352012.03.282022.03.27922914527NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number15xfeng文字382012.03.282022.03.27922916016xfeng文字412012.03.282022.03.27922919017xfeng文字422012.03.282022.03.27922922118中传视讯文字+图形422008.12.212028.12.20466604719中传视讯文字422008.12.212028.12.20466604820中传视讯文字382008.12.212028.12.20466604921新蜂文字382011.08.212021.08.20853890722新蜂文字422012.01.282022.01.27853907823新蜂.潮文字382011.08.212021.08.20853910424新蜂.潮文字422012.01.282022.01.27853914125新影力412014.08.282024.08.271228864326小人图形352014.08.282024.08.271228798527小人图形382014.08.282024.08.271228858028小人图形412014.08.282024.08.271228862929小人图形422014.08.282024.08.271228843530中传文字382014.08.282024.08.271228826731中传图形382014.08.282024.08.271228828932中童文字412014.08.072024.08.061221408533中童在线文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409234翠鸟文字382014.08.072014.08.061221405835翠鸟文字422014.08.072014.08.061221412536爱翠鸟文字382014.08.072024.08.061221406637爱翠鸟文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409638爱翠鸟文字422014.08.072024.08.061221412639翠鸟图形352014.08.072024.08.061221404040翠鸟图形382014.08.072024.08.061221407441翠鸟图形412014.08.072024.08.061221410042翠鸟图形422014.08.072024.08.061221413143信号小喇叭图形+CMEDIA412015.03.212025.03.201248043944LookLook图形382015.11.142025.11.131153342845LookLook图形422014.06.212024.06.201153372046LookLook文字382014.07.142024.07.131153406747LookLook文字422014.04.142024.04.131153422748L图形352014.02.282024.02.271153500249L图形382014.02.282024.02.271153507350L图形412014.02.282024.02.271153518151L图形422014.02.282024.02.271153526252箩筐图形412016.06.142026.06.131658022853箩筐图形422016.06.142026.06.131658022754箩筐文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024955箩筐文字412016.06.142026.06.131658025056箩筐文字352016.09.212026.09.201658025257箩筐文字92016.06.142026.06.131658025328NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce in the PRC:NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number1Y图形382010.04.212020.04.2067460692Y图形412010.09.072020.09.0667460673YRADIO文字352010.07.212020.07.2067334374YRADIO文字382010.04.21.2020.04.2067334385YRADIO文字412010.09.072020.09.0667334396LookLook图形382009.04.072019.04.0646660517LookLook图形422008.12.212028.12.2046660508YTV文字352010.07.212020.07.2067335799YTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673357810YTV文字412010.09.072020.09.06673358111YTV文字422010.09.072020.09.06673358012YOUTV文字352010.07.212020.07.20673344013YOUTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673344114xfeng文字352012.03.282022.03.27922914527NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number15xfeng文字382012.03.282022.03.27922916016xfeng文字412012.03.282022.03.27922919017xfeng文字422012.03.282022.03.27922922118中传视讯文字+图形422008.12.212028.12.20466604719中传视讯文字422008.12.212028.12.20466604820中传视讯文字382008.12.212028.12.20466604921新蜂文字382011.08.212021.08.20853890722新蜂文字422012.01.282022.01.27853907823新蜂.潮文字382011.08.212021.08.20853910424新蜂.潮文字422012.01.282022.01.27853914125新影力412014.08.282024.08.271228864326小人图形352014.08.282024.08.271228798527小人图形382014.08.282024.08.271228858028小人图形412014.08.282024.08.271228862929小人图形422014.08.282024.08.271228843530中传文字382014.08.282024.08.271228826731中传图形382014.08.282024.08.271228828932中童文字412014.08.072024.08.061221408533中童在线文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409234翠鸟文字382014.08.072014.08.061221405835翠鸟文字422014.08.072014.08.061221412536爱翠鸟文字382014.08.072024.08.061221406637爱翠鸟文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409638爱翠鸟文字422014.08.072024.08.061221412639翠鸟图形352014.08.072024.08.061221404040翠鸟图形382014.08.072024.08.061221407441翠鸟图形412014.08.072024.08.061221410042翠鸟图形422014.08.072024.08.061221413143信号小喇叭图形+CMEDIA412015.03.212025.03.201248043944LookLook图形382015.11.142025.11.131153342845LookLook图形422014.06.212024.06.201153372046LookLook文字382014.07.142024.07.131153406747LookLook文字422014.04.142024.04.131153422748L图形352014.02.282024.02.271153500249L图形382014.02.282024.02.271153507350L图形412014.02.282024.02.271153518151L图形422014.02.282024.02.271153526252箩筐图形412016.06.142026.06.131658022853箩筐图形422016.06.142026.06.131658022754箩筐文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024955箩筐文字412016.06.142026.06.131658025056箩筐文字352016.09.212026.09.201658025257箩筐文字92016.06.142026.06.131658025328NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce in the PRC:NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number1Y图形382010.04.212020.04.2067460692Y图形412010.09.072020.09.0667460673YRADIO文字352010.07.212020.07.2067334374YRADIO文字382010.04.21.2020.04.2067334385YRADIO文字412010.09.072020.09.0667334396LookLook图形382009.04.072019.04.0646660517LookLook图形422008.12.212028.12.2046660508YTV文字352010.07.212020.07.2067335799YTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673357810YTV文字412010.09.072020.09.06673358111YTV文字422010.09.072020.09.06673358012YOUTV文字352010.07.212020.07.20673344013YOUTV文字382010.05.282020.05.27673344114xfeng文字352012.03.282022.03.27922914527NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number15xfeng文字382012.03.282022.03.27922916016xfeng文字412012.03.282022.03.27922919017xfeng文字422012.03.282022.03.27922922118中传视讯文字+图形422008.12.212028.12.20466604719中传视讯文字422008.12.212028.12.20466604820中传视讯文字382008.12.212028.12.20466604921新蜂文字382011.08.212021.08.20853890722新蜂文字422012.01.282022.01.27853907823新蜂.潮文字382011.08.212021.08.20853910424新蜂.潮文字422012.01.282022.01.27853914125新影力412014.08.282024.08.271228864326小人图形352014.08.282024.08.271228798527小人图形382014.08.282024.08.271228858028小人图形412014.08.282024.08.271228862929小人图形422014.08.282024.08.271228843530中传文字382014.08.282024.08.271228826731中传图形382014.08.282024.08.271228828932中童文字412014.08.072024.08.061221408533中童在线文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409234翠鸟文字382014.08.072014.08.061221405835翠鸟文字422014.08.072014.08.061221412536爱翠鸟文字382014.08.072024.08.061221406637爱翠鸟文字412014.08.072024.08.061221409638爱翠鸟文字422014.08.072024.08.061221412639翠鸟图形352014.08.072024.08.061221404040翠鸟图形382014.08.072024.08.061221407441翠鸟图形412014.08.072024.08.061221410042翠鸟图形422014.08.072024.08.061221413143信号小喇叭图形+CMEDIA412015.03.212025.03.201248043944LookLook图形382015.11.142025.11.131153342845LookLook图形422014.06.212024.06.201153372046LookLook文字382014.07.142024.07.131153406747LookLook文字422014.04.142024.04.131153422748L图形352014.02.282024.02.271153500249L图形382014.02.282024.02.271153507350L图形412014.02.282024.02.271153518151L图形422014.02.282024.02.271153526252箩筐图形412016.06.142026.06.131658022853箩筐图形422016.06.142026.06.131658022754箩筐文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024955箩筐文字412016.06.142026.06.131658025056箩筐文字352016.09.212026.09.201658025257箩筐文字92016.06.142026.06.131658025328NoTrademarkClassification NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have20F 1 f20f2018_luokungtechnology.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to _________________ ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 00134738Luokung Technology Corp.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Not applicable(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)British Virgin IslandsLAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, 100020(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(Address of principal executive offices)Mr. Muqiao GengLAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China 100020Tel: (86) 1085866721(Name, telephone, Email and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.01 per shareNonePreferred shares, par value $0.01 per shareNoneSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:none(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport. 197,632,558 Ordinary Shares, including 1,685,000 Ordinary Shares represented by 1,685,000 American Depositary Shares, and 1,000,000 Preferred Sharesoutstanding as of December 31, 2018.Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIf this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or an “emerging growth company.” Seedefinition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☒Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No In this annual report: ●References to the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” are to Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, subsidiaries controlledby contract and variable interest entities, except as the context otherwise requires;●References to an “ADS” are to an American Depositary Share, each of which represented one of our Ordinary Shares with a par value of $.01 pershare;●References to a particular “fiscal” year, such as “fiscal 2018”, are to our fiscal year ended on December 31, of that year.Special Note Regarding Forwardlooking StatementsThis annual report contains forwardlooking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by theforwardlooking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.You can identify these forwardlooking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”“believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forwardlooking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about futureevents and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forwardlookingstatements include, but are not limited to, statements about: ●our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;●expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items;●our ability to attract and retain customers; and●trends and competition in the spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services market.You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely andwith the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors whichcould adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and itis not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forwardlooking statements. We qualify all of our forwardlookingstatements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forwardlooking statements as predictions of future events. The forwardlooking statements made in this annual report relateonly to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to updateor revise publicly any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements aremade or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IItem 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers1Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable1Item 3.Key Information1A.Selected Financial Data1B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3Item 4.Information on the Company19A.History and Development of the Company19B.Business Overview20C.Organizational Structure31D.Property, Plants and Equipment33Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments33Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects33A.Operating Results33B.Liquidity and Capital Resources43C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.45D.Trend Information45E.Offbalance Sheet Arrangements45F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations46Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees46A.Directors and Senior Management46B.Compensation47C.Board Practices50D.Employees53E.Share Ownership53Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions54A.Major Shareholders54B.Related Party Transactions55C.Interests of Experts and Counsel55Item 8.Financial Information55A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information55B.Significant Changes56Item 9.The Offer and Listing56A.Offer and Listing Details56B.Plan of Distribution57C.Markets57D.Selling shareholders58E.Dilution58F.Expenses of the issue58Item 10.Additional Information58A.Share Capital58B.Memorandum and Articles of Association58C.Material Contracts63D.Exchange Controls64E.Taxation70F.Dividends and Paying Agents76G.Statement by Experts76H.Documents on Display76I.Subsidiary Information76Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk77Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities78A.Debt Securities78B.Warrants and Rights78C.Other Securities78D.American Depositary Shares78iTable of ContentsPart IIItem 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies79Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds79Item 15.Controls and Procedures79Item 16.[Reserved.]80Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert80Item 16B.Code of Ethics81Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services81Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees81Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers81Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant81Item 16G.Corporate Governance81Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure81Part IIIItem 17.Financial Statements82Item 18.Financial Statements82Item 19.Exhibits82Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsF1iiTable of ContentsPART IITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.Not applicable.ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.Not applicable.ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.Luokung Technology Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Luokung Technology”, “we”, “us”, or “the Company”) consummated an asset exchangeagreement pursuant to which we exchanged our existing assets with those of C Media Limited (the “Asset Exchange”) on August 17, 2018, and we changed ourname from Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd. to our current name on August 20, 2018. On October 4, 2018, in connection with the consummation of the Asset Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.1The selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financialstatements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Item 5 –Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generallyaccepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods. You should not view ourhistorical results as an indicator of our future performance.SELECTED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Total other income (expense), net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted72,919,624112SELECTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDATA(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Total liabilities33,978,64225,311,113Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.Not applicable.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Not applicable.D. RISK FACTORS.An investment in our ADSs and ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described belowtogether with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under “Special Note Regarding ForwardLooking Statements,”before you decide to invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we are a holding company with substantialoperations in China and are subject to legal and regulatory environments that in many respects differ from those of the United States. If any of the following risks, orany other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ourfuture growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. You should also consider all other information contained in this annual report before decidingto invest in our ADSs or ordinary shares.Risks Related to Our Company and Our IndustryThe Company had incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and net losses as of December 31, 2018. These matters raise substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicableto a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2018, the Company had incurred significant operating losses and working capital deficit. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern isdependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, itcould be forced to cease operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Companyis unable to continue as a going concern.3We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manageour business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, participation in joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint venturesand strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not beable, however, to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable tocomplete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions,we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently. In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by several factors. These factorsinclude:1.diversion of management’s attention;2.difficulties in retaining customers of the acquired companies;3.difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies;4.entry into unfamiliar markets;5.unanticipated problems or legal liabilities; and6.tax and accounting issues.If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenue growth and business could be negatively affected.Due to intense competition for highlyskilled personnel, we may fail to attract and retain enough sufficiently trained employees to support our operations; ourability to bid for and obtain new projects may be negatively affected and our revenues could decline as a result.The IT industry relies on skilled employees, and our success depends to a significant extent on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualifiedemployees. There is significant competition in China for professionals with the skills necessary to develop the products and perform the services we offer to ourcustomers. Increased competition for these professionals, in the mobile application design area or otherwise, could have an adverse effect on us if we experiencesignificant increase in the attrition rate among employees with specialized skills, which could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to adecline in demand for our services.In addition, our ability to serve existing customers and business partners and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, trainand retain skilled personnel that enable us to keep pace with growing demands for spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services,evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. Our failure to attract, train and retain personnel with the qualifications necessary to fulfill theneeds of our existing and future customers or to assimilate new employees successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations. Our failure to retain our key personnel on business development or find suitable replacements of the key personnel upon their departuremay lead to shrinking new implementation projects, which could materially adversely affect our business.4Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees, particularly since we recentlyappointed a new Chairman. We are reliant on the services of Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and member of our board of directors. If oneor more of our senior executives or key employees is unable or unwilling to continue in his or her present position, we may not be able to replace such employeeeasily, or at all, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain replacement personnel, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financialcondition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.Our business could suffer if our executives and directors compete against us and our noncompetition agreements with them cannot be enforced.If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, knowhow and keyprofessionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers who keep a close relationship with our customers and businesspartners joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Most of our executiveshave entered, or will soon enter, into employment agreements with us that contain or will contain noncompetition provisions. However, if any dispute arisesbetween our executive officers and us, such noncompetition provisions may not be enforceable, especially in China, where all of these executive officers and keyemployees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties withrespect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and adversely affect our results of operations.Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security problems caused byunauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietaryinformation or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in andtransmitted through computer systems and mobile devices of our customers. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks ordisruptions may deter customers from using our services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of thesesecurity breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches, which could adversely affect our results of operations.If we do not continually enhance our solutions and service offerings, we may have difficulty in retaining existing customers and attracting new customers.We believe that our future success will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing technologies, applications and platform, andto introduce new features to meet the preferences and requirements of our customers in a rapidly developing and evolving market. Unexpected technical,operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of these products or services, or any products or services that wemay plan to introduce in the future. Our present or future products may not satisfy the evolving preferences and tastes of our customers, and these solutions andservices may not achieve anticipated market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If we are unable to anticipate or respond adequately to the need for serviceor product enhancements due to resource, technological or other constraints, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially andadversely affected.5If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected.Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to utilize our technology in a way that will allow us to offer new types of products inrelation to maps and geospatial data processing, mobile applications and services to a broader customer base. We will be required to make investments in researchand development in order to continually develop new products, software applications and related service offerings, enhance our existing products, platform, mobileapplications and related service offerings and achieve market acceptance of our mobile applications and service offerings. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new products, mobile applications and service offerings. Our developmentstage products, mobile applications may not be successfullycompleted or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new mobileapplications, and enhance existing mobile applications, our future results of operations would be adversely affected. The timely availability of new applications andtheir acceptance by customers are important to our future success. A delay in the development of new applications could have a significant impact on its results ofoperations.Changes in technology could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs, reducing our profit margins and causing a decline in our competitiveness.China’s spatialtemporal bigdata processing and interactive locationbased services industry, in which we operate, is characterized by rapidly changingtechnology, evolving industry standards, frequent introductions of new services and solutions and enhancements as well as changing customer demands. Newsolutions and new technologies often render existing solutions and services obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. As a result, our successdepends on our ability to adapt to the latest technological progress, such as the 5G standard and technologies, and to develop or acquire and integrate newtechnologies into our products, mobile applications and related services. Advances in technology also require us to commit substantial resources to developing oracquiring and then deploying new technologies for use in our operations. We must continuously train personnel in new technologies and in how to integrateexisting systems with these new technologies. We may not be able to adapt quickly to new technologies or commit sufficient resources to compete successfullyagainst existing or new competitors in bringing to market solutions and services that incorporate these new technologies. We may incur problems in the future ininnovating and introducing new mobile applications and service offerings. Our development of new mobile applications and platform enhancements may not besuccessfully completed or, if developed, may not achieve significant customer acceptance. If we fail to adapt to changes in technologies and compete successfullyagainst established or new competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Problems with the quality or performance of our software or other systems may cause delays in the introduction of new solutions or result in the loss ofcustomers and revenues, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or bugs when first introduced to the market or to a particular customer, or as new versions arereleased. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our systems may contain errors that are not discovered until after they have been installed orimplemented, and we may not be able to timely correct these problems. These defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay the completion of projects or sales toour customers. In addition, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to acquire new projects from existing customers or new customers. Errors may occurwhen we provide systems integration and maintenance services. Even in cases where we have agreements with our customers that contain provisions designed tolimit our exposure to potential claims and liabilities arising from customer problems, these provisions may not effectively protect us against such claims in all casesand in all jurisdictions. In addition, as a result of business and other considerations, we may undertake to compensate our customers for damages arising from theuse of our solutions, even if our liability is limited by these provisions. Moreover, claims and liabilities arising from customer problems could also result in adversepublicity and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not carry any product or service liabilityinsurance and any imposition of liability on us may materially and adversely affect our business and increase our costs, resulting in reduced revenues andprofitability.Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. Although we test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur inour new or existing products after we have delivered those products to the customers. Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss ofrevenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position or claims against us by customers. Any such problems couldbe costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers andcould negatively affect our results of operations.6We may be subject to infringement, misappropriation and indemnity claims in the future, which may cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantialdamages and be prevented from providing our services or technologies.Our success depends, in part, on our ability to carry out our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent andcopyright law covering softwarerelated technologies is evolving rapidly and is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Our selfdeveloped or licensed technologies,processes or methods may be covered by thirdparty patents or copyrights, either now existing or to be issued in the future. Any potential litigation may cause us toincur significant expenses. Thirdparty claims, if successfully asserted against us may cause us to pay substantial damages, seek licenses from third parties, payongoing royalties, redesign our services or technologies, or prevent us from providing services or technologies subject to these claims. Even if we were to prevail,any litigation would likely be costly and timeconsuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and subject us to costly litigation to protect our intellectualproperty rights.Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competitive technology could seriously harm our business. We regard a substantial portionof our hardware and software systems as proprietary and rely on statutory copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret laws, customer license agreements, employeeand thirdparty nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, these resources afford only limited protection and theactions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. In particular, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietarytechnologies or other intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inaddition, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States, and policing unauthorized use ofproprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Further, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets ordetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation may not be in our favor. Any such litigation may be costlyand may divert management attention, as well as our other resources, away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair ourintellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and wouldhave to bear all litigation costs in excess of the amount recoverable from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effecton our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our solutions incorporate a portion of, and work in conjunction with, thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If these thirdparty hardware or softwaresolutions are not available to us at reasonable costs, or at all, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.Although our hardware and software systems and mobile applications primarily rely on our own core technologies, some elements of our systemsincorporate a small portion of thirdparty hardware and software solutions. If any third party were to discontinue making their intellectual property available to us orour customers on a timely basis, or increase materially the cost of their licensing such intellectual property, or if our systems or applications failed to properlyfunction or interoperate with replacement intellectual property, we may need to incur costs in finding replacement thirdparty solutions and/or redesigning oursystems or applications to replace or function with or on replacement thirdparty proprietary technology. Replacement technology may not be available on termsacceptable to us or at all, and we may be unable to develop alternative solutions or redesign our systems or applications on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost. Ifany of these were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.7Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our service and support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality service could have amaterial adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products.Our customers depend upon our customer service and support staff to resolve issues relating to our products. Highquality support services are critical forthe successful marketing and sale of our products. If we fail to provide highquality support on an ongoing basis, our customers may react negatively and we maybe materially and adversely affected in our ability to sell additional products to these customers. This could also damage our reputation and prospects with potentialcustomers. Our failure to maintain highquality support services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.Weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures may have a material adverse effect on our business, theprice of our ordinary shares, operating results and financial condition.We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Pursuant to Section404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and the related rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, every public company is required to include amanagement report on its internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of thecompany’s internal controls over financial reporting. This requirement first applied to our annual report on Form 20F for the fiscal year ended on September 30,2011. In connection with our assessments of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that as ofDecember31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to lack of U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) expertise in our current accounting team. Please refer to the discussion under Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” for furtherdiscussion of our material weakness as of December 31, 2018. Should we be unable to remediate the material weakness promptly and effectively, such weaknesscould harm our operating results, result in a material misstatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or preventus from providing reliable and accurate financial reports or avoiding or detecting fraud. This, in turn, could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracyand completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any litigation or other proceeding oradverse publicity relating to the material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We have very limited insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.We do not maintain any insurance coverage for our leased properties. Should any natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons or any actsof terrorism occur in Beijing, China, where our head office is located and most of our employees are based, or elsewhere in China, we might suffer not onlysignificant property damages, but also loss of revenues due to interruptions in our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, and donot, to our knowledge, offer business liability insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability insurance coverage for our operations. Moreover, whilebusiness disruption insurance is available, we have determined that the risks of disruption and cost of the insurance are such that we do not require it at this time.Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, particularly if it affects our technology platformswhich we depend on for delivery of our software and services, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, whether through our employees orotherwise.We are typically required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential customer data in connection with the products and services we provide.Under the terms of our customer contracts, we are required to keep such information strictly confidential. We seek to implement specific measures to protectsensitive and confidential customer data. We require our employees to enter into nondisclosure agreements to limit such employees’ access to, and distribution of,our customers’ sensitive and confidential information and our own trade secrets. We can give no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequateto protect our customers’ confidential information. If our customers’ proprietary rights are misappropriated by our employees, in violation of any applicableconfidentiality agreements or otherwise, our customers may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. However, we currently donot have any insurance coverage for mismanagement or misappropriation of such information by our employees. Any litigation with respect to unauthorizeddisclosure of sensitive and confidential information might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.8We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be timeconsuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, wemay lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing products and services.It is critical that we use and develop our technology and products without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, includingpatents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and timeconsuming and could divert management’s attention from ourbusiness. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, developnoninfringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and cease making,licensing or using products that have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential customersdeferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our customers against infringementclaims in certain instances. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potentialinfringement claims against us. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or usingtechnology containing the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, resultsof operations or financial condition. Seasonality and fluctuations in our customers’ spending cycle and other factors can cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarterto quarter and from year to year.Our revenues and operating results will vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of ourcontrol. Our new lines of business acquired upon the consummation of the asset exchange transaction discussed below see higher customer use and activity duringthe Chinese New Year holiday than other times during the year when rail travel is high, which lead to higher revenue during this period as more customers would liketo place more advertising. Historically, the products of our subsidiary Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd (“Superengine”)have a pattern of decreased sales in the first fiscal quarter as a result of industry buying patterns. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may fluctuatefrom quarter to quarter and from year to year. These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and operating results for any period may not be indicative of ourfuture performance in any future period.Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who can cause us to take actions in waysyou may not agree with.Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 19.14% of our outstanding ordinary shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares,and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. As a result, Mr. Song has approximately 73% of the votingrights of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song can exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors, amending our constitutionaldocuments, and approving acquisitions, mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may alsodiscourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares aspart of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our shares. Alternatively, our controlling shareholders may cause a merger, consolidation or change ofcontrol transaction even if it is opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering9We depend on a small number of customers to derive a significant portion of our revenues. If we were to become dependent again upon a few customers, suchdependency could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.We derived a material portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our five largestcustomers accounted for 94.4%, 99.8% and 79.6% of our total sales, respectively. As our customer base may change from yeartoyear, during such years that thecustomer base is highly concentrated, the fluctuation of our sales to any of such major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operatingresults and financial condition. Moreover, our high customer base concentration may also adversely affect our ability to negotiate contract prices with thesecustomers, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our results of operations.Our historical outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. Inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, couldmaterially and adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.Historically, our outstanding accounts receivable have been relatively high. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our outstanding accounts receivablebefore impairment were $25.0 million $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Although we conduct credit evaluations of our customers, we generally do notrequire collateral or other security from our customers. In addition, we have had a relatively high customer concentration. The outstanding accounts receivablebalance for our largest customer was 24.4%, 48.5% and 43.3% of our total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016, respectively. As aresult, an extended delay or default in payment relating to a significant account would likely have a material and adverse effect on the aging schedule and turnoverdays of our accounts receivable. Our inability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis, if at all, could materially and adversely affect our financialcondition, liquidity and results of operations.Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaAdverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China,which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects aresubject to a significant degree to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRCgovernment continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host ofother government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB andforeign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growthin the past 30 years. The reorganization of the telecommunications industry encouraged by the PRC government has directly affected our industry and our growthprospect. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economicgrowth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRCgovernment’s policies limits the growth of the telecommunications industry in China or our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate orstrategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result. Our business benefits from certain government tax incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our taxburden and reduce our net income.Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law passed in 2007 and the implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, or the New EITLaw, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standard is applied equally to both domesticinvested enterprises and foreigninvestedenterprises, or FIEs. Enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 eligible for preferential tax treatment in accordance with the then tax laws and administrativeregulations shall gradually become subject to the New EIT Law rate over a fiveyear transition period starting from the date of effectiveness of the New EIT Law.However, certain qualifying hightechnology enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if they own their core intellectual properties and they areenterprises in certain Statesupported hightech industries to be later specified by the government. As a result, if our PRC subsidiaries qualify as “hightechnologyenterprises,” they will continue to benefit from the preferential tax rate of 15%, subject to transitional rules implemented from January 1, 2008. Our subsidiaries,Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively, and therefore they had benefited from the preferential tax rate of 15%,subject to transitional rules implemented on January 1, 2008. Although we intend to apply for a renewal of this qualification, if Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun andSuzhou Superengine cease to qualify as a “hightechnology enterprise”, or the tax authorities change their position on our preferential tax treatments in the future,our future tax liabilities may materially increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.10If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EIT Lawand our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.Under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules, both of which became effective January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “defacto management bodies” within the PRC may be considered a PRC “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on itsglobal income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define “de facto management” as “substantialand overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. However, as of the date of thisannual report, no final interpretations on the implementation of the “resident enterprise” designation are available. Moreover, any such designation, when made byPRC tax authorities, will be determined based on the facts and circumstances of individual cases. Therefore, if we were to be considered a “resident enterprise” bythe PRC tax authorities, our global income would be taxable under the New EIT Law at the rate of 25% and, to the extent we were to generate a substantial amount ofincome outside of PRC in the future, we would be subject to additional taxes. In addition, the dividends we pay to our nonPRC enterprise shareholders and gainsderived by such shareholders or ADS or ordinary shareholders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to10%, if such income were regarded as Chinasourced income.Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should wedecide in the future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or otherpayments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only outof their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China isrequired to set aside at least 10% of its aftertax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Thesereserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing thedebt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. As a result, there may be limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to paydividends or make other investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business or otherwise fund and conduct our business.In addition, under the New EIT Law and the implementing rules that became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated from the business of our PRCsubsidiaries after January 1, 2008 and payable to us may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we are anonresident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRCsubsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to whollyforeignowned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.11Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economicactivities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and theirnonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part ongovernment policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not beaware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantialcosts and diversion of resources and management attention.Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out ofChina. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from ourPRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to paydividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, paymentsof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from traderelated transactions, can be made in foreign currencieswithout prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required whereRMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange controlsystem prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to ourshareholders, including holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.12Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on the value of your investment.The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economicconditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decadeold policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMBis permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximate26.8% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and September 30, 2015. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, asamended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Since reachinga high against the U.S. dollar in July 2008, however, the RMB has traded within a narrow band against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high butnever exceeding it. As a consequence, the RMB has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freelytraded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. InAugust 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, representing the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain thatChina’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may continue and when and how it may change again as the People’s Bank of China may regularlyintervene in the foreign exchange market to achieve economic policy goals. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in the RMB, and asignificant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in RMB. We principally rely on dividends and other distributions paid to us by our subsidiaries inChina. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, andany dividends payable on, our ADSs or ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. Any fluctuations of the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also resultin foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes.PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions. Inaddition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws andregulations governing our business. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their official interpretation and enforcementmay involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance byforeign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licensesand requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a latertime by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot assureyou that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may besubject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China maybe protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt ourbusiness operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.13If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on theNASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers andAcquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 (the “New M&A Rules”). This regulation, among otherthings, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRCcompanies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such specialpurpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval ofoverseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take severalmonths to complete the approval process, if practicable at all. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existingamong leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. Prior to our May 2010 initial public offering, our PRC counsel has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations aswell as the procedures announced on September 21, 2006: (i) Softech was directly incorporated by Topsky as a foreign investment enterprise under PRC law;therefore, there was no acquisition of the equity of a “PRC domestic company” as defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) the contractual arrangementsbetween Kingtone Information and Softech were not clearly defined and considered as the transaction which shall be applied to the New M&A Rules. Therefore, wedid not seek prior CSRC approval for our initial public offering.However, if the CSRC required that we obtain its approval prior to the completion of our initial public offering and the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQCapital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines andpenalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering intothe PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as wellas the trading price of our shares.Also, if the CSRC requires that we obtain its approval, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of the CSRC approval requirements if and when procedures areestablished to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding this CSRC approval requirement could have a material adverse effect onthe trading price of our shares.PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to penaltiesand limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Reverse InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According toNotice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financingsuch offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC, or an offshore special purpose company. An amendment toregistration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in theoffshore special purpose company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of theoffshore special purpose company. Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshorespecial purpose companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to have completed the relevant registration procedures with thelocal SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. To further clarify the implementation of Notice 75, the SAFE issued Circular 106 on May 29, 2007. Under Circular 106, PRCsubsidiaries of an offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore holding company’sshareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents in a timely manner.14Some of our current shareholders and/or beneficial owners may fall within the ambit of the SAFE notice and be required to register with the local SAFEbranch as required under the SAFE notice. If so required, and if such shareholders and/or beneficial owners fail to timely register their SAFE registrations pursuantto the SAFE notice, or if future shareholders and/or beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents fail to comply with the registration procedures setforth in the SAFE notice, this may subject such shareholders, beneficial owners and/or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit ourability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company, or otherwise adverselyaffect our business.Risks Associated with our ADSs and Ordinary SharesThe market price of our ADSs and Ordinary Shares have historically been highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell our ordinary shares at or aboveyour initial purchase price.There may be a limited public market for our ordinary shares and, as discussed above, our ADSs are no longer listed on any public market in the UnitedStates or any other jurisdiction. We cannot assure you that there will be an active trading market for our ordinary shares in the future. If our ordinary shares areaccepted for listing on a public market, you may not be able to sell your ordinary shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our ordinary shares is not active. The trading price of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be volatile. The price of our ADSs and ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations inresponse to a variety of factors, including the following:1.Introduction of new products, services or technologies offered by us or our competitors;2.Failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;3.Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;4.Failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;5.General market conditions and overall fluctuations in United States equity markets;6.Announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;7.Disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for ourtechnologies;8.Additions or departures of key management personnel;9.Issuances of debt or equity securities;10.Significant lawsuits, including patent or shareholder litigation;11.Changes in the market valuations of similar companies;12.Sales of additional ordinary shares or other securities by us or our shareholders in the future;13.Trading volume of our ordinary shares;14.Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi;15.Negative market perception and media coverage of our company or other companies in the same or similar industry with us; and16.Other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.15In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Capital Market and software products and services companies in particular, have experiencedextreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market andindustry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules which may make it difficult for brokerdealers to complete customer transactions andtrading activity in our securities.Our ordinary shares may be deemed to be “penny stock” as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Penny stocksgenerally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQsystem, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stockrules impose additional sales practice requirements on brokerdealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors.” The term“accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomeexceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse in each of the prior two years.The penny stock rules require a brokerdealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized riskdisclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stockmarket. Moreover, brokerdealers are required to determine whether an investment in a penny stock is a suitable investment for a prospective investor. A brokerdealer must receive a written agreement to the transaction from the investor setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. Theserequirements may make it more difficult for brokerdealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities. As a result, the market price ofour ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our ordinary shares.Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price ofour ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales mayhave on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.Subject to certain limitations all of our total outstanding shares are now eligible for sale. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have amaterial adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.Future sales and issuances of our ordinary shares, or rights to purchase our ordinary shares, including pursuant to our 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, couldresult in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause the price of our ordinary shares to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital byissuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in oneor more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell ordinary shares, convertible securities or other equity securities in more thanone transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and newinvestors could gain rights superior to our existing shareholders.16We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares, so any returns will be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development,operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return shareholders willtherefore be limited to the value of their ordinary shares.As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.Our corporate affairs will be governed by our memorandum of association and articles of association, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, or the BVIAct, of the British Virgin Islands and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions byminority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the BVI Act and thecommon law of the British Virgin Islands. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the BritishVirgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of ourshareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes orjudicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to theUnited States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against ourmanagement, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect theirinterests.British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstancesin which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights ofshareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly,shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are alsounlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to imposeliabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands willgenerally recognize and enforce the nonpenal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if theshareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Actdealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents ofthe corporation, our memorandum of association and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordancewith the general law and the memorandum of association and articles of association.17There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law ofthe British Virgin Islands is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse tointerfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairsby the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and thecompany’s constituent documents. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions ofthe company’s memorandum of association and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are thefollowing: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts thatconstitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right tovote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights affordedminority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.Antitakeover provisions in our memorandum of association and articles of association and our right to issue preference shares could make a thirdpartyacquisition of us difficult.Some provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not offer those rights toordinary shareholders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ordinary shareholders are registered under the Securities Act, or thedistribution of them to ordinary shareholders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all ordinary shareholders. We are under noobligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to bedeclared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities.Accordingly, our ordinary shareholders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.18We may be a passive foreign investment company, of PFIC, which could lead to additional taxes for U.S. holders of our ordinary shares.We do not expect to be, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, which is a foreign company for which, inany given taxable year, either at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or investment income in general, or at least 50% of its assets produce or are held toproduce passive income, for the current taxable year, and we expect to operate in such a manner so as not to become a PFIC for any future taxable year. However,because the determination of PFIC status for any taxable year cannot be made until after the close of such year and requires extensive factual investigation,including ascertaining the fair market value of our assets on a quarterly basis and determining whether each item of gross income that we earn is passive income, wecannot assure you that we will not become a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we are or become a PFIC, a U.S. holder ordinary sharescould be subject to additional U.S. federal income taxes on gain recognized with respect to the ordinary shares and on certain distributions, plus an interest chargeon certain taxes treated as having been deferred under the PFIC rules. Noncorporate U.S. holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividendsreceived from us if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.If the trading price of our ordinary shares fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, we would face possibledelisting, which would result in a limited public market for our ordinary shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30consecutive business days. On December 19, 2011, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bidprice of our ADSs fell below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ CapitalMarket. We have regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as its ADS with itsunderlying ordinary share has achieved a closing bid price of $1.00 or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from November 6 to November 23, 2012 byimplementing a 1for10 combination, or reverse split of the ordinary shares effective November 6, 2012, we cannot be sure that the price of our ordinary shares willcomply with this requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If we were not able to do so, our ordinary shares would be subjectto delisting and would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our ordinary shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our ordinary sharescould be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of usmay be reduced. In addition, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions inour ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of our ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares may be depressed, and you may find itmore difficult to sell our ordinary shares. Such delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatlyimpair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing.ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY.OverviewWe are a holding company and conduct our operations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limitedliability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang”and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobile application to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business toBusiness (B2B) and Business to Government (B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial publicoffering of our American Depository Shares, or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the tickersymbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”)entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) werevoluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under theticker symbol “LKCO”.19On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LKTechnology, (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the AssetExchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile application productsfor long distance rail travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.Corporate InformationOur principal executive offices are located at LAB32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100020. Ourwebsite is www.luokung.com. We routinely post important information on our website. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report.Our agent for service of process in the United States is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address ofOne University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW.We are a Chinabased provider of locationbased services and mobile application products for long distance travelers in China. Our primary mobileapplication, the Luokuang platform, consists of the Luokuang mobile applications, a series of supporting software at the server end, and railWiFi hardware andequipment on the trains that we serve. The Luokuang platform incorporates technologies covered by 22 patents and about 34 software copyrights, and serves as acontent and service distribution platform that is tailored for particular travel stages featuring geographic location and social interactions. The content and servicesdistributed by Luokuang contain information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, online to offline (“O2O”), advertisement and other marketing features. Luokuang mainly provides personalized and targeted services to long distance travelers in two locations: on the train and at the destination. Based on thetravel environment, the core elements of our users’ needs include staving off boredom on trains and discovering and exploring new locations upon arrival. The mainservices contain entertainment services (videos and audio, digital readings, games specific and tailored to the travel stage) and social services (satisfying thedemand for value discovery of unfamiliar destinations through social interaction among strangers based on locations). As of December 31, 2018, the Luokuangplatform featured about 51 million users. 20We use the most valuable WiFi location—the train WiFi setting—as the entrance of our Luokuang platform and mobile applications. Passengers typicallyride trains for longdistance and interprovincial travel purposes. The long periods of monotonous journeys and the cost concerns for roaming traffic fees enable thecombination of entertainment content service needs and WiFi access needs. Our railWiFi becomes a valuable and sophisticated WiFi service in this setting—notjust WiFi connection service, but a provider of sophisticated services through a WiFi connection. We do not define ourselves as a train WiFi communicationservice operator but as a longdistance travel mobile service and locationbased service provider. The rail WiFi is our access point to a significant pool of users andthe entrance to acquiring additional users.The recommender services focus on providing targeted push services to users while travelling in unfamiliar cities. Local information and guidance serviceare precisely pushed according to individual user’s interest and taste, including restaurants, entertainment, living styles, local snacks, local products, scenic spots,cultural history and stories. The guidance service is User Generated Content which is shared and distributed by individual users including travelers, local residentsand local businesses.In June 2018, China Railway Gecent Technology Co., Ltd. (or “Gecent”) (established jointly by China Railway Investment Co., Ltd., Geely Holding Groupand Tencent Holdings Ltd.) obtained the exclusive right to build and operate on train WiFi for all the Highspeed trains in China. It provides a fulltravelling serviceincluding on train WiFi, entertainments, news, online meals order, online specialty retailer and connecting travel. As the pathfinder in ontrain WiFi market in China,we have accumulated great experiences and resources in construction and operation on train WiFi on express trains in China, which enable us to cooperate withGecent to provide locationbased services through the provision of our map SDKs(Software Development Kit) and APIs(Applicationprogramming Interface),including services at train stations covering navigation and OTO services, and to provide movie content SDK, movie copyrights and operating services to the usersof Gecent’s mobile application. Through the cooperation with Gecent, we are able to expand our services to more valuable highspeed train passengers, while thehighspeed train WiFi in China will cover about 3 billion passenger trips till the year of 2020.Through the acquisition of Superengine, we obtained patented technologies in spatialtemporal big data indexing, storage, transmission and visualizationthat can support the full vector maps without tile, which can be effectively applied to highdefinition (HD) maps, locationbased services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. We possess fifteen patents and nine patent application rights in U.S., Europe,Japan and China. Our graphics processing system is a thousand times more efficient than competing technologies in querying, retrieving, transmitting and renderinggraphical information, and allowing Terabyte (TB) sized data to be released in seconds, which enable our customers to obtain realtime operational intelligence byharnessing the value of their database.Key TechnologiesWe believe our investments in our products and key technologies provide significant competitive differentiation and our technologies are disruptiveinnovations in computer graphics systems, spatialtemporal data analysis and processing. Our proprietary algorithms are able to eliminate certain timeconsumingsteps in data preprocessing, and maintain same level of high system performance with the amount of data increasing by orders of magnitude. It enables a new waveof technological upgrades in related industries to do more with less time and less power consumption.21Spatial temporal indexing technology.This technology provides an effective indexing technique, covering both spatial dimension and temporal dimension. It separates the data and indexes, andsolves the technological difficulties in spatial temporal big data processing, including storage, updating, management, indexing, reading, spatial relationshipcomputation and analysis. This technology allows the users to efficiently and accurately obtain the data they need, and minimizes the transmission of unnecessarydata, which achieves application efficiency not being affected even with explosive growth of data volume.Adaptive reduction and compression technologyThis technology allows full vector spatial data to be processed directly through the adaptive reduction and compression to meet the requirements oftransmission performance for internet application. Our competing technologies require preprocessing full vector data into tiles in a rasterized format or in a vectorformat.1.Spatial relationship could still be strictly maintained and correctly displayed after the reduction and compression2.The adaptive reduction and compression are lossless so that the display effect remains the same3.The reduction and compression allow rapid display of map in any network speed, adaptive to the network speed with dynamic adjustment of thedisplay effect.Progressive transmission technologyProgressive transmission technology is one of the key technologies to realize fast response in spatial data application. It supports lossless adaptiveprogressive transmission of spatial data, and the display and operation of map can be conducted with any network speed, for instance, by scaling, rotating, ortranslating. The display of map could be adjusted automatically in accordance with the network speed and users’ operation.Progressive transmission technology makes system response time independent from the growth of spatial data, and also solves the performance problem indealing with spatial temporal big data. The data integrity between users’ end and server is not compromised as the spatial relationship remains unchanged.Full vector nontiled technologyOn the strength of our technologies, we support realtime release and realtime update of spatial vector data without the preprocessing step to rasterize thevector data, and we also support personalized display and analysis for the application of spatial data in realtime dynamic environment. Our indexing technologyenables clients to establish a fast transmission channel between user and server, for both the large scope analysis and accurately pinning down details. Because theclient can access the complete vector data, it solves the problem that only partial analysis could be performed on tiles. This will greatly expand the data computingcapability of the client. In most scenarios, indexing can fulfill most of analysis requirements and application functions.22Our ServicesLuokuang mobile application. We provide displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, anddisplaying the advertisements in prominent positions on Luokuang Application.Luokung SDKs and APIs. Our location based product, Luokung SDKs and APIs, provide spatialtemporal big data analysis and customized map tosoftware and mobile application developers, and allow locationbased contents and information to be integrated and presented on the map, which enables softwareand mobile application developers to create more diversified business models and service functions. Our proprietary full vector map presents refreshingly new andcustomizable locationbased services to our business partners.Spatial temporal indexing cloud. The spatial temporal indexing cloud service is a datalevel virtualization technology we offer to our clients with highavailability, extensibility and granular permission control. Our indexing cloud data centers offer highly integrated, dependable, efficient and secure services to meetthe needs of varied spatial temporal requirements covering all types of clients, while shielding the details of data from disclosure to honor requested data protection.Information SuperEngine. Our information SuperEngine includes the server engine and web graphics image engine. The server engine enables our clientsto improve its ability and functions to store, manage and index the spatial temporal big data on the server side, and by establishing spatial temporal index on theserver, our clients are able to rapidly and more efficiently obtain their requested data. Web graphics image engine, supports the rapid transmission of graphics image,and rapid display and edge computing ability for multiterminal and crossplatform.Spatial temporal cloud platform. Spatial temporal cloud platform supports deployment on public and private clouds to provide services for both industryusers and public users. It provides comprehensive online cloud services including data storage, data resource and platform support, and it supports users toaggregate multisource spatial data, map services, Internet of things streaming data. By leveraging variety of industry templates, simple and easytouse tools fordata editing, analysis and searching, users will be able to generate application systems for specific application scenarios. Various application operations can beperformed through the mobile devices and Web browsers.23Our StrategyWe put more effort on continually improving the quality of our products and services, and the user’s experience of our products, as we believe satisfiedusers and customers are more likely to recommend our products and services to others. Through these efforts and with the increased use of internet in China, wewill build our brand with modest marketing expenditures. We have implemented a number of marketing initiatives to promote our brand awareness among potentialusers, customers. In addition to our brand positioning in the market, we have also initiated a series of marketing activities to promote our products and technologiesamong existing and potential users and customers.We intend to invest heavily in product development to deliver additional features and performance enhancements, deployment models and solutions thatcan address new end markets. Our investments may involve hiring and associated development, acquisitions and licensing of thirdparty technology.We will continue to increase investments in our sales and marketing organizations to expand our current customer base. Our investments will be spreadacross geographies, customer tiers and industries. We will continue to invest in and foster the growth of our channel relationships in China.We will continue to drive customer satisfaction and renewals by offering community, standard, enterprise and global support to ensure our customers’success with our offerings.We intend to continue our investments in SDKs and APIs that help software developers leverage our platform. Our SDKs enable developers to buildsolutions that deeply integrate the analytics functionality of our offerings across the enterprise. Through our investments in SDKs and APIs, we intend to promoteand extend the capabilities of our offerings to customers who wish to build sophisticated applications and interfaces that leverage our software and services.Intellectual PropertyWe have registered the following software copyrights, patents and trademarks for our business operations. We believe this intellectual property forms anintegral part of our competitive strength.24Patents:We have been granted some inventions by the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC. We possess a complete set of technology system includingnetwork, client end and service and operation platform. We have patent protections for WiFi equipment on trains and for spatialtemporal big data processingtechnology. We have received the following patents:No.Name of patentTypeRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Wireless communication multimedia chip business consumer informationacquisition terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0528767.9Sep 21, 20112.A user behavior processing method and device for intelligent terminalInventionZL 2013 1 0301728.3May 27, 20153.A global positioning system terminal deviceInventionZL 2010 2 0253452.8Nov 7, 20114.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2013 2 0220183.9Nov 13, 20135.Ordering system of passengers on trainInventionZL 2015 2 0095381.6Aug 5, 20156.A wireless multimedia serverInventionZL 2015 2 0201382.4Oct 28, 20157.An antenna structureInventionZL 2016 2 0424352.4Mar 1, 20178.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201010617383.9Jun 15, 20169.Methods and devices for conflict detection and avoidance of spatial entity elementlabelingInvention201010617385.8Mar 26, 201410.Spatial data processing method and deviceInvention201010617399.XJun 26, 201311.Method and device of spatial data simplificationInvention201010617400.9Mar 13, 201312.Method and device for judging the occlusion type of space entityInvention201010617403.2Sep 25, 201313.A method and device for distributed mapping of 3d model dataInvention201110274924.7Mar 26, 201414.Data simplification of 3d model, gradual transmission method and deviceInvention201110275336.5Mar 25, 201515.Spatial data transmission method and deviceInvention201110306393.5Dec 13, 201416.Methods and devices for spatial data processing, simplification and progressivetransmissionInvention201210104250.0Jun 10, 201517.Spatial data progressive transmission method and deviceInvention201310367021.2Jun 23, 201718.Simplification method and device of spatial dataInvention201310367128.7Sep 22, 201719.The method and device to accelerate transmission and display of graphic dataacross platformsInvention201210116149.7Aug 10, 201620.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionInvention201310136682.4Nov 10, 2017We also have two patents outside of China.No.Name of patentCountryNationalRegistrationNumberDate of Issuance1.Spatial data processing method and deviceJapan2012547439Jun 20, 20142.Methods and devices related to spatial data compression, decompression andprogressive transmissionU.S.A.14/394,610Sep 5, 201725Software Copyrights:We have received the following software copyrights from the National Copyright Administration (“NCA”) of PRC:No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistrationdateDuration1.WAP PUSH Business operation platformsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1464Jul 23, 200750 years2.TDSCDMA Streaming media businessmanagement platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0412Jan 22, 200950 years3.Content management platform systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1374Apr 1, 200950 years4.Mobile multimedia broadcast electronicservice guide system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ1365Apr 1, 200950 years5.Mobile video business operation platformsystem V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2007SRBJ1463Jul 23, 200750 years6.Mobile multimedia broadcast emergencybroadcast platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0720Mar 5, 201050 years7.Mobile multimedia broadcast audio richmedia interactive platform softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2010SRBJ0719Mar 5, 201050 years8.Printer typesetting and printing softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4190Sep 28, 201150 years9.Electronic newspaper business supportplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4186Sep 28, 201150 years10.Public information business platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3810Sep 27, 201150 years11.User interface scripting software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ3809Sep 27, 201150 years12.Integrated business management platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2012SR003002Jan 16, 201250 years13.Interactive business development platformsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2011SRBJ4593Nov 29, 201150 years14.Instant messaging and messaging systemsoftwareIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR122231Aug 5, 201450 years15.General statistical platform software forclient productsIndependent research anddevelopment2014SR216662Dec 30, 201450 years16.CMMB Data broadcast managementplatform softwareIndependent research anddevelopment2009SRBJ0391Jan 22, 200950 years17.Integrated passenger train service systemIndependent research anddevelopment2012SR083665Sep 5, 201250 years26No.Name of CopyrightAchievement approachRegistration numberRegistration dateDuration18.JHBY Train inspection managementsystemIndependent research anddevelopment2013SR015105Feb 21, 201350 years19.Integrated information engine platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR040347Nov 30, 200150 years20.Super information engine developmentplatform software V5.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036792Mar 5, 200350 years21.Core map super network informationengine platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036772Sep 15, 200750 years22.Integrated management of the grid gissoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036808Jun 20, 200850 years23.Core map rural power grid equipment GPSpatrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036810Dec 10, 200850 years24.Diagram grid patrol PDA system softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036778Dec 12, 200850 years25.Core map geographic information enginedesktop platform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036614Jan 15, 200950 years26.Integrated management of the gridgeographic information Web systemsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036799Mar 10, 200950 years27.Core map railway power supply equipmentGPS patrol system software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036783Mar 25, 201050 years28.Core map network 3 d map server softwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036788Feb 20, 201150 years29.Core map network 3d map clientsoftwareV1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036637Feb 22, 201150 years30.Core map 3d map network publishingplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036633Mar 10, 201150 years31.Core map 3d map network release pluginsystem software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036622Mar 15, 201150 years32.Core map network 3d map smartphoneplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036638Apr 28, 201150 years33.Core map network GIS Shared mobileplatform software V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036634Oct 31, 201150 years34.Core map network GIS sharing platformsoftware V1.0Independent research anddevelopment2014SR036639Dec 16, 201150 yearsTrademarks:We have registered the following trademarks with the Trademark Office, State Administration 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NumberValid PeriodRegistration Number58箩筐图形382016.06.142026.06.131658022959箩筐图形352016.06.142026.06.131658023060箩筐图形92016.06.142026.06.131658023161微时光文字422016.09.282026.09.271658024762传游录屏文字92016.06.142026.06.131678214463传游录屏文字352016.06.142026.06.131678214364传游录屏文字382016.06.142026.06.131678214265传游录屏文字412016.06.142026.06.131678214166传游录屏文字422016.06.142026.06.131678214067录游器文字92016.06.142026.06.131678213568录游器文字352016.06.142026.06.131678213669录游器文字382016.06.142026.06.131678213770录游器文字412016.06.142026.06.131678213871录游器文字422016.06.142026.06.131678213972畅联TV文字412016.01.212026.01.201579246773畅联TV文字382016.01.212026.01.201579246874SuperEngine92016.01.212026.01.20812572275SuperEngine422016.01.212026.01.20812572876超擎9/422016.01.212026.01.201647320577SUPERENGINE9/422016.01.212026.01.2016473185*See below for an explanation of each classification number used in the table above.Classification No. 9: data processing apparatus, couplers (data processing equipment), computer software (recorded), monitors (computer programs), smartcards (integrated circuit cards), electrodynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, alarms, and electric installations for the remote control of industrialoperations.Classification No. 35: auctioneering, sales promotion for others, marketing analysis, marketing research, importexport agencies, advisory services forbusiness management, business management for franchise, personnel management consultancy, relocation services for businesses, and systemization ofinformation into computer databases.Classification No. 38: Include services that enable at least sensory communication between two people. Such services include that allow one person to talkto another, send messages from one person to another, Make verbal or visual contact between one person and the other. This classification especially includes theservice for broadcasting radio or television programs. Except for radio advertising services and telemarketing services.Classification No. 41: instruction services, teaching, education information, tuition, arranging and conducting of colloquiums, publication of electronicbooks and journals online, amusements, and vocational guidance.Classification No. 42: technical research, studies (technical project), computer software design, updating of computer software, recovery of computer data,computer systems analysis, installation of computer software, computer antivirus protection, and research and development for others. 29Business Certificates and QualificationsWe have obtained all necessary regulatory certifications to conduct our business in the PRC, including without limitation, the following: SoftwareEnterprise Recognition Certificate, Computer Information System Integration Qualification Certificate, Construction Enterprise Qualification Certificate, and SecurityTechnology & Protection Enterprise Certificate. We have also been properly certified as a hightech enterprise and have met the ISO 9001:2000 qualificationmanagement system.Legal ProceedingsAlthough we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believethat we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, other than asdescribed below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in theordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legal proceedings described below.Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000), therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.30C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREThe following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2018.31The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of formation and affiliation of each of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December31, 2017.VIE Arrangements with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited’s Subsidiaries and Their Respective ShareholdersTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, our subsidiaries operate in suchrestricted service areas in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the LKTechnology Ltd. Part of the registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of LK Technology Ltd. LKTechnology Ltd., through its subsidiary Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (the “WFOE”), has entered into an exclusivebusiness cooperation agreement with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun” or the “VIE”) the PRC domestic company, whichentitle the WFOE to receive a majority of profit of Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. In addition, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited hasentered into certain agreements with those management members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreement of the equity interests held by thosemanagement members or founders and exclusive option agreement to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules andregulations. Details of the typical VIE structure of our significant consolidated VIE, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun and its subsidiaries of Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”), Huoerguosi LuokuangInformation and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”) and Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”), are set forthbelow: Exclusive Business Cooperation AgreementThe VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the WFOE, pursuant to which the WFOE provides exclusive business services tothe VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in atransfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Exclusive Option AgreementThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOE exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIE at an exercise price equal to the minimumprice as permitted by applicable PRC laws. The WFOE may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest, if applicable, under the call options.Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equityinterest pursuant to the call option. The VIE agrees not to distribute any dividends to the VIE equity holders without the approval of WFOE.32Equity Interest Pledge AgreementPursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIE as a continuing first prioritysecurity interest in favor of the WFOE to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equity holders under the exclusive business cooperationagreement. The WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equity of the VIE and has priority in receivingpayment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the exclusive businesscooperation agreement, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force until all the obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreementhave been fulfilled.The exclusive business cooperation agreement and equity interest pledge agreement described above also enable the Company to receive substantially allof the economic benefits from the VIE by typically entitling the WFOE to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE and to any distributions orproceeds from the disposal by the VIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIE.D. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTWe lease offices located at Lab 30 & Lab 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, which covers a floor space of 600 square meters.These leases expire at different times throughout 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSA. OPERATING RESULTS.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forwardlookingstatements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as our anticipated growth strategy, our plans to recruit moreemployees, our plans to invest in research and development to enhance our product or service lines, our future business development, results of operations andfinancial condition, expected changes in our net revenues and certain cost or expense items, our ability to attract and retain customers, trends and competitionin the enterprise mobile software application market, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from thoseanticipated in these forwardlooking statements. In light of those risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forwardlooking statementscontained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forwardlooking statements contained in this report.The forwardlooking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, weundertake no obligation to update any forwardlooking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflectthe occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of thisreport and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices and our assumptions as ofsuch date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.33Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$”are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.OverviewLuokung Technology Corp. was incorporated on October 27, 2009 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. We are a holding company and conduct ouroperations through our whollyowned subsidiary named LK Technology Ltd., a British Virgin Islands limited liability company (“LK Technology”), and its whollyowned subsidiaries, MMB Limited and its respective subsidiaries, which possess two core brands “Luokuang” and “SuperEngine”. “Luokuang” is a mobileapplication to provide Business to Customer (B2C) locationbased services and “SuperEngine” provides Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Government(B2G) services in connection with spatialtemporal big data processing. In May 2010, we consummated an initial public offering of our American Depository Shares,or ADSs, for gross proceeds of $16 million, and our ADSs were listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “KONE”. On August 17, 2018, wecompleted the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. OnAugust 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQCapital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. On August 17, 2018, we consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which we exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock in TopskyInfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology (the “Asset Exchange”). In connection with theAsset Exchange, we changed our name on August 20, 2018, and on September 20, 2018, completed the issuance to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the formerparent of LK Technology, of (i) 185,412,599 of our ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares. Upon the consummation of theAsset Exchange, we ceased our previous business operations and became a company focused on the provision of locationbased service and mobile applicationproducts for long distance travelers in China.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.34Results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.RevenueDisplaybased online advertising services. The Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description,image and video, and displaying the advertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us onlywhen a user clicks on an advertisement on the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives andconsumes the benefit of our advertising services throughout the contract period.Software and services The Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services.License fees include perpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution servicesthat enable customers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,2018 to 201720182017% Change(dollars in thousands)RevenuesAdvertising$20,703$26,082(20.6)%License203100.0%Technology Services136100.0%Total revenues$21,042$26,082(19.3)%Advertising98.3%100.0%License1.0%Technology Services0.7%Total100.0%100.0%For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had revenue of $21,042,363, as compared to revenue of $26,082,417 for the year ended December 31, 2017, achange of $5,040,054, or 19.3%, which was primarily due to most of our ontrain WiFi equipment being dissembled in the fourth quarter of 2018 for upgrade projects,and we were not able to provide the ontrain advertising through the Luokuang mobile application, which caused the advertising revenue to decrease.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, WiFi equipment installation fees, amortization, spare parts, annual payments to local railway bureauand other overhead costs.Year Ended December 31,20182017(dollars in thousands)Amount% of cost of revenue% of revenueAmount% of cost of revenue% of revenueDepreciation$2,80740.4%13.3%$2,42343.6%9.3%WiFi equipment installation fees1,88427.2%9.0%1,07019.3%4.1%Spare parts1,00614.5%4.8%3486.3%1.3%Amortization4146.0%2.0%61011.0%2.3%Resource cost5578.0%2.6%68612.4%2.6%Others2703.9%1.3%4117.4%1.6%Total cost of revenue$6,938100.0%33.0%$5,548100.0%21.3%Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6,938,063, representing an increase of $1,390,284 or 25.1% as compared to $5,547,779 for theyear ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in WiFi equipment installation fees and spare parts for the WiFi equipmentupgrade program we conducted in 2018.35Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $14,695,165 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of$9,213,568 or 38.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in promotional and marketing activities of approximately $9,100,000, which was due to thepopularity of Luokuang APP remaining quite stable, and we determined to reduce the promotional and marketing activities at this stage.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional services.General and administrative expense totaled $6,750,417 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $4,299,168 or 175.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of impairment loss of approximately $3,579,000 including the baddebts written off of approximately $869,000, the allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately $1,783,000, and impairment loss over the intangible assets ofapproximately $724,000 as we are no longer using the software system that we purchased in 2014, and an impairment loss over the property, plant and equipment ofapproximately $203,000, as we wrote off certain WiFi equipment that is no longer in use.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $3,478,570 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31,2017, an increase of $2,432,372 or 232.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the amortization of the intangible assets of approximately $1,809,000, which wasrecognized as a result of the acquisition of Super Engine Holdings Limited in accordance to PPA.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2018, loss from operations amounted to $10,819,852, as compared to loss fromoperations of $6,871,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3,948,310, or 57.5%.36Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expenses from other loans and foreign currency gains/losses.For the year ended December 31, 2018, other expense, net, amounted to $1,033,675 as compared to other income, net, of $61,088 for the year endedDecember 31, 2017, a change of $1,094,763, or 1,792.1%, which was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign currency transaction loss of approximately$1,555,000 and an increase in interest expenses of approximately $54,000, offset by an increase in other income of approximately $513,000, which mainly constitutesthe government subsidy of approximately $360,000, investment income of approximately $37,000 and other income of approximately $116,000.Income taxWe had income tax expense of $74,009, $0 and $0 for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are subject to various rates of income tax underdifferent jurisdictions. The following summarizes the major factors affecting our applicable tax rates in the BVI, Hong Kong and the PRC.BVIWe are an exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, we are not subject to income,corporation or capital gains tax in the British Virgin Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends to our shareholders, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in theBritish Virgin Islands.Hong KongOur subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the uniform tax rate of 16.5%. Under Hong Kong tax law, our subsidiaries in Hong Kong are exempted fromincome tax on their foreignderived income and there is no withholding tax in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.PRCGenerally, our PRC subsidiaries, our consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in thePRC at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.An enterprise may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if it qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise, which is normallyeffective for a period of three years. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoy a favorable income tax rate of 15%.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $11,927,536 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to net loss of $6,810,454 for theyear ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $5,117,082 or 75.1%.37Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$447,246 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $ 90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $11,480,290, compared tocomprehensive loss of $ 6,719,783 for the year ended December 31, 2017.Comparison of results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016RevenueFor the year ended December 31, 2017, we had revenue of $26,082,417, as compared to revenue of $5,233,145 for the year ended December 31, 2016, anincrease of $20,849,272, or 398.4%, which was primarily due to the increase in sales to our advertising clients as we deployed more WiFi equipment on more trainsand caused the growth of the users of Luokuang APP.Cost of revenueOur cost of revenue primarily consists of depreciation, labor cost, WiFi equipment installation fees, data charges, annual payments to local railway bureau,other overhead costs.38Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $5,547,779, representing a decrease of $767,725 or 12.2% as compared to $6,315,504 for the yearended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in labor cost as a result of our cost control and a decrease in the number ofmaintenance staff. Additionally, data charges decreased as train passengers prefer using their mobile data, leading to a decrease in 3G and 4G data.Selling and marketing expenseOur selling and marketing expense mainly include promotional and marketing expenses and compensation for our sales and marketing personnel.Selling expense totaled $23,908,733 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,209,804 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of$17,698,929 or 285.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in promotional and marketing activities conducted by the Company to promote theLuokuang APP to attract more offtrain users.General and administrative expenseOur general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, rent, fees and expenses forlegal, accounting and other professional servicesGeneral and administrative expense totaled $2,451,249 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,108,854 for the year ended December 31,2016, an increase of $342,395 or 16.2%.Research and development expenses.Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel.Research and development expenses totaled $1,046,198 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $2,882,202 for the year ended December 31,2016, a decrease of $1,836,004 or 63.7%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the Company reducing its expenses in research and development temporarily asour products were quite stable.Loss from operationsAs a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2017, loss from operations amounted to $6,871,542, as compared to loss fromoperations of $12,283,219 for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $5,411,677, or 44.1%.Other income/expenseOther income/expense mainly include interest expense from loans, foreign currency gains/losses, and loss from investment.Net lossAs a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $6,810,454 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net loss of $13,049,031 for theyear ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $6,238,577 or 47.8%.Foreign currency translation adjustmentOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company and subsidiaries of LK Technology, MMB and Mobile Media isthe U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statements of oursubsidiaries incorporated in China are translated to U.S. dollars using period end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange (for theperiod) for revenue, costs, and expenses. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations and comprehensive loss. As a result of foreign currency translations, which is a noncash adjustment, we reported a foreign currency translation gain of$90,671 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $387,375 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This noncashgain had the effect of increasing/decreasing our reported comprehensive income/loss.39Comprehensive lossAs a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6,719,783, compared tocomprehensive loss of $12,661,656 for the year ended December 31, 2016.Critical accounting policiesThe methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in ourfinancial statements. The SEC has defined the most critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition andresults and require us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.Based on this definition, our most critical policies include revenue recognition, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts andvaluation allowance for deferred tax assets.Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We believe that our other policies either do not generally requireus to make estimates and judgments that are as difficult or as subjective, or it is less likely that they would have a material impact on our reported financial conditionand results of operations for a given period. For a discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see footnote 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed asof January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying theadvertisements in a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisementon the Luokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertisingservices throughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees includeperpetual license fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enablecustomers to gain realtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of ourperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)performance throughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we haveperformed when the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.40The Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodicreview of outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’spolicy is to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Impairment of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of theseassets may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value oflonglived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independentof the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangibleassets, as the Company is not going to use a software system that purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the yearended December 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss forWiFi equipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Impairment of goodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill, which requires that goodwillto be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC35020. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than itscarrying amount, the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, theCompany considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific informationrelated to the operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair valueof the reporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevantfactors, including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in theirentirety and concluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing ongoodwill was unnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.41Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate fordoubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not requirecollateral from its customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. TheCompany reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. Inevaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s paymenthistory, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends.Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financialstatements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by avaluation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Currentincome taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to besustained upon audit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.Additionally, the Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theCompany did not have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain taxpositions.Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arisingfrom leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liabilityfor the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.42In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”,which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidanceremoves Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which areporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. TheASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption ispermitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ofadopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis. We historically relied on cash flow provided by operations and financing to supplement our working capital. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we hadcash balances of approximately $1,192,218 and $72,379, respectively. The significant portion of these funds are located in financial institutions located in the PRCand will continue to be indefinitely reinvested in our operations in the PRC.The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018:December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018December 31,2018December 31,2017ChangePercentage ChangeWorking capital deficit:Total current assets$31,538,510$23,939,441$7,599,06931.7%Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,1138,422,77433.3%Working capital deficit:$(2,195,377)$(1,371,672)$(823,705)60.1%Our working capital deficit increased by $823,705 to working capital deficit of $2,195,377 at December 31, 2018 from working capital deficit of $1,371,672 atDecember 31, 2017. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily attributable to a decrease in amounts due from related party of approximately $6,825,000, anincrease in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $11,751,000, which was mainly due to the increase of the advertising payable, offset by an increasein accounts receivable of approximately $12,932,000, an increase in other receivables of approximately $372,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately$2,174,000.We intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financingsuch as by way of private placements.43Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:Year Ended December 31,20182017Net cash used in operating activities$(6,924,876)$(8,973,695)Net cash provided by investing activities1,184,46817,253Net cash provided by financing activities6,874,9948,938,290Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688Net increase (decrease) in cash$1,119,839$(11,464)Net cash flow used in operating activities was $6,924,876 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow used in operating activitieswas $8,973,695 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,048,819.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $11,927,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $5,121,000, allowance for doubtful receivables of approximately$1,845,000, bad debts written off of approximately $944,000 impairment of intangible assets of approximately $724,000, impairment of PPE of approximately $1,228,000,exchange difference of approximately $1,339,000, and changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable ofapproximately $16,319,000, a decrease in deferred revenue of approximately $963,000, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $2,109,000, offset by adecrease in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,433,000 and an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $10,684,000.Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflected our net loss of approximately $6,810,000, and the addback of noncash items, mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization of approximately $3,316,000, loss on disposal of property and equipment of approximately$115,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $445,000, exchange difference of approximately $906,000 and changes in operating assets and liabilitiesprimarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7,934,000, an increase in other receivables and prepayment of approximately $2,203,000and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1,674,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of approximately $4,732,000 and anincrease in deferred revenue of approximately $1,945,000.Net cash flow provided by investing activities was $1,184,468 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $17,253 for the year ended December31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $33,000, offset byproceeds received from disposal of deposits of approximately $604,000 and cash received from acquisition subsidiaries of approximately $613,000. During the yearended December 31, 2017, we made payments for the purchase of property and equipment of approximately $13,000, offset by proceeds from disposal of propertyand equipment of approximately $30,000.44Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $6,874,994 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash flow provided by financingactivities of $8,938,290 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received advances from related parties of approximately$6,875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we received advances from related parties of approximately $8,938,000.C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.The discussions of our research and development activities were contained in “Item 4. Information about our Company – B. Business Overview –Research and Development” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results – Operating Expenses – Research and DevelopmentExpenses” are incorporated herein by reference. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we spent $3,478,570, $1,046,198 and $2,882,202, respectively,on research and development activities.D. TREND INFORMATION.Industry and Market OutlookChina has awarded licenses to mobile phone companies to provide the superfast 4G network to customers. The licenses, which are designed to give mobilephone users faster access to services, were granted by the government to China Mobile, China Unicom Hong Kong and China Telecom. Since the grants, ChinaMobile has offered 4G to subscribers from December 18, 2013. China Unicom and China Telecom, the country’s other two major carriers, also offer 4G wireless. Thenumber of China Mobile 4G customers has exceeded 900 million by the end of October in 2017. The move greatly bolstered business for telecom equipment makersand a range of other companies.Under China’s 12th FiveYear Plan, a key priority is for China to transition from “Made in China” to “Designed in China.” In order to achieve this goal, thegovernment plans to heavily invest in science and technology education and R&D so as to further develop China’s intellectual property rights system and support“NextGeneration IT” as a Strategic Emerging Industry (SEI). Additionally, China plans to upgrade the technological capabilities of private and public services,including “triple play” services (the convergence of telecom, broadcasting and Internet networks), ecommerce, and egovernment and statistics systems.Furthermore, the government plans to invest in R&D of the “Internet of things” and cloud computing, and develop digital and virtual technologies.E. OFFBALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTSWe have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not enteredinto any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to suchentity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing,hedging or research and development services with us.45F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSContractual obligationsWe have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellationprovisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timingand amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables,in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected tohave on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.Payments Due by PeriodContractual obligations:TotalLess than 1 year12 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsAccounts payable$758$758$$$Accrued liabilities and other payables23,46923,224245Operating lease268268Total$24,495$24,250$245$$ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT.Executive Officers and DirectorsThe following table sets forth the names and ages as of the date of this annual report of each of our executive officers and directors:NameAgePositionXuesong Song50Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and DirectorDongpu Zhang50PresidentBaomin Li49Chief Technical OfficerJie Yu34Chief Financial OfficerKegang Peng46Vice President and DirectorChuang Tao51Director (Independent)Dennis Galgano (1)(2)70Director (Independent)Jin Shi (1)(2)49Director (Independent)Jiming Ha (1)(3)56Director (Independent)Zhihao Xu (3)42Director (Independent)(1)Member of the Audit Committee.(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.(3)Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Set forth below is biographical information concerning our executive officers and directors.Xuesong Song is a cofounder of C Media Limited and served as its Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer from 2012 until theconsummation of the AEA. From February 2014 through April 2017, Mr. Song served as a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC) and fromJanuary 2013 through February 2015, Mr. Song served as a director of Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME). From May 2006 through January 2009, Mr.Song served as the Chairman of the Board of ChinaGrowth North Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company, which acquired UIB GroupLimited in January 2009, in which he remains a director. Mr. Song has been a principal of Chum Capital Group Limited since August 2001, a merchant banking firmthat invests in growth Chinese companies and advises them in financings, mergers & acquisitions and restructurings, and Chief Executive Officer of Beijing ChumInvestment Co., Ltd. since December 2001. Mr. Song has been a director of Mobile Vision Communication Ltd. since July 2004. Mr. Song received a Master’s ofBusiness Administration degree from Oklahoma City/Tianjin Program.Dongpu Zhang was appointed as the President of the Company effective on August 25, 2018. Mr. Dongpu Zhang has served as the General Manager ofSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Superengine Suzhou”) and the Chief Executive Officer of Superengine HoldingLimited since September 2016. From February, 2014 to August, 2016, Mr. Zhang served as vice president of Industrial Development Group under China Fortune LandDevelopment Co., Ltd. From March, 2009 to February, 2014, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Aerospace Science and Technology Holding Group Co., Ltd.Mr. Zhang receive his Master Degree of Computer Science from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1994 and his Bachelor Degree of information system fromChangsha Institute of technology in 1991.46Baomin Liserves as the chief technology officer of the Company since February 1, 2019. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Li served at Amazon as Sr. SoftwareDevelopment Manager, in charge of Amazon’s advertising targeting systems, overseeing infrastructure, data ingestion & modeling, and targeting products utilizingcomprehensive Amazon’s ecommerce data. Prior to Amazon, Mr. Li served as the chief technology officer at C Media Limited from 2016 to 2017. Mr. Li worked atCreditEase Inc. as VP of Engineering in the Big Data Innovation Center from 2014 to 2016, and at Google as Engineering Manager in advertising quality from 2013 to2014. From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Li worked at Microsoft Corporation and lastly served as Senior Development Manager. Mr. Li graduated from Peking University with aBachelor’s Degree in Mechanics and a Master’s Degree in Applied Mathematics, and from University of Missouri with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science.Jie Yu served as the chief financial officer of C Media Limited from January 2018 until the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. From June 2016to January 2018, Mr. Yu served as chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of MTI Environment Group Limited. Prior to joining MTI, Mr. Yuserved as the senior manager at DA HUA CPA from November 2012 to May 2016. Previously, Mr. Yu served as the manager at Crowe Horwath (Hong Kong) CPA.Mr. Yu holds a bachelor degree in accounting and finance from University of Auckland and postgraduate diploma in accounting from University of Auckland.Kegang Peng served as the Vice Chairman of the board of directors C Media Limited from October 2014 to the consummation of the asset exchangetransactions, and is now a member of the Company’s board of directors. Previously, from 2012 to 2014, Mr. Peng was Chairman of the board and founder of JiangsuSuqian Jinghaiboyuan Information and Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Peng studied at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring computer andapplication.Chuang (Vincent) Tao was appointed as a member of the Board effective on August 25, 2018. Dr. Tao was the Chairman of Superengine Suzhou from 2014to 2017. Dr. Tao has been the president of the Seasky Angel Investment Alliance of Shanghai since 2015. Dr. Tao received his Bachelor Degree of geographicinformation and telemetry from Wuhan University in China in 1990 and received his Ph.D. from University of Calgary, Canada in 1997.Dennis Galgano was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement. He was a registered consultantwith Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC from November 2016 until October 2017, and previously served as vice Chairman and head of international investment bankingfor Morgan Joseph Triartisan LLC, which is a registered broker dealer engaged in the investment banking and financial advisory industry. Mr. Galgano received aB.S. degree in Chemistry from St. John’s University and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School in 1972.Jin Shi was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Shi has served as the managingpartner of Chum Capital Group, a merchant bank focused on helping Chinese growth companies to access global capital, since January 2013. Mr. Shi has also servedas a director of Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSC), a premium video on demand service provider, since January 2014, and joined the audit committee ofits board of directors in March 2016. He also served as a director and member of the audit committee of Pingtan Marine Enterprise, Ltd. (NASDAQ: PME), a marineenterprise group primarily engaged in ocean fishing through its subsidiaries. Mr. Shi received an EMBA degree from the Guanghua Management School of BeijingUniversity, and a Bachelor’s degree of science in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University.Jiming Ha was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange agreement, and has also served as a seniorresearch fellow for the China Finance 40 Forum since March 1, 2018, and previously served as a managing director of Goldman Sachs from January 2017 to April2017. Mr. Ha served as a vice Chairman and chief investment strategist of the Investment Strategy Group for Private Wealth Management at Goldman Sachs from2010 to January 2017. Mr. Ha holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Kansas and Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of science from Fudan University.Zhihao Xu was appointed as a director of the Company following the consummation of the asset exchange transactions. Mr. Xu has served as the ChiefExecutive Officer of Geely Group Co., Ltd., in Hangzhou, China, since December 2017, and previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BeijingDingchengrenhe Investment Co., Ltd., a funds management company, from January 2017 to December 2017. Mr. Xu served as the Chairman of president of HNAUSOLV CO., LTD., and the chief innovation officer of HNA Logistics Group from January 2014 to December 2016, and prior to that as the Chairman of GopayInnovation Technology Co. Ltd., an online payment system operator supporting online money transfers, from April 2012 to January 2014. Mr. Xu graduated from theBusiness School of Renmin University of China and from the Wudaokou Finance College of Tsinghua University with a fund qualification certificate and securitiesqualification certificate.B. COMPENSATION.Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $53,885 in cash compensation to our executive officers and accrued anaggregate of approximately $67,629 of compensation to our independent directors for serving on our board of directors.47Other than nonemployee directors, we do not intend to compensate directors for serving on our board of directors or any of its committees. We do,however, intend to reimburse each member of our board of directors for outofpocket expenses incurred by each director in connection with attending meetings ofthe board of directors and its committees.AdministrationThe Incentive Plan is administered by our board of directors, or at the discretion of the board, by our compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdelegated authority to our compensation committee to administer the Incentive Plan. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the compensation committee mayselect participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards, and interpret provisions of the Incentive Plan.The ordinary shares issued or to be issued under the Incentive Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any ordinary shares covered by an awardare not purchased or are forfeited, or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any ordinary shares, then the number of ordinary shares counted againstthe aggregate number of ordinary shares available under the plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be availablefor making awards under the Incentive Plan.EligibilityAwards may be made under the Incentive Plan to our employees, officers, directors, consultants or advisers or to any of our affiliates, and to any otherindividual whose participation in the Incentive Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board of directors.Amendment or Termination of the PlanOur board of directors may terminate or amend the Incentive Plan at any time and for any reason. No amendment, however, may adversely impair the rightsof grantees with respect to outstanding awards. The Incentive Plan has a term of ten years. Amendments will be submitted for shareholder approval to the extentrequired by applicable stock exchange listing requirements or other applicable laws.OptionsThe Incentive Plan permits the granting of options to purchase ordinary shares intended to qualify as incentive share options under the Internal RevenueCode and share options that do not qualify as incentive share options, or nonqualified share options.The exercise price of each share option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the dateof grant. In the case of certain 10% shareholders who receive incentive share options, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of ourordinary shares representing ordinary shares on the date of grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options that we grant in substitution for optionsheld by employees of companies that we acquire. In such a case the exercise price is adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option fromhis or her former employer.The term of each share option is fixed by the compensation committee and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The compensation committeedetermines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment duringwhich options may be exercised.Options may be made exercisable in installments. The award agreement provides the vesting of the options. Exercisability of options may be accelerated bythe compensation committee.48In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by (1) cash or check (in U.S. dollars or Renminbi or other local currency as approved by thecompensation committee), (2) ordinary shares held for such period of time as may be required by the compensation committee, (3) delivery of a notice of a marketorder with a broker with respect to ordinary shares then issuable upon exercise of an option, and that the broker has been directed to pay us a sufficient portion ofnet proceeds of the sale in satisfaction of the exercise price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to us upon settlement of such sale, (4) otherproperty acceptable to the compensation committee with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, (5) cashless exercise or (6) any combination of the foregoing.Share options granted under the Incentive Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged, or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descentand distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of nonqualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estateplanning concerns or pursuant to a domestic relations order in settlement of marital property rights.Other AwardsThe compensation committee may also award under the Incentive Plan:1.ordinary shares subject to restrictions;2.deferred ordinary shares, credited as deferred ordinary share units, but ultimately payable in the form of unrestricted ordinary shares in accordancewith the terms of the grant or with the participant’s deferral election;3.ordinary share units subject to restrictions;4.unrestricted ordinary shares, which are ordinary shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price determined by the compensation committee which arefree from any restrictions under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan;5.dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number ofordinary shares; or6.a right to receive a number of ordinary shares or, in the discretion of the compensation committee, an amount in cash or a combination of ordinaryshares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the ADSs representing ordinary shares underlying the right during a stated periodspecified by the compensation committee.Effect of Certain Corporate TransactionsCertain change of control transactions involving us may cause awards granted under the Incentive Plan to vest, unless the awards are continued orsubstituted for by the surviving company in connection with the corporate transaction.Unless otherwise provided in the appropriate option agreement on the date of grant or provided by our board of directors thereafter with the consent of thegrantee, options granted under the Incentive Plan become exercisable in full following (1) a dissolution of our company or a merger, consolidation or reorganizationof our company with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity, (2) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity, or (3)any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% ormore of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares.49Adjustments for Dividends and Similar EventsThe compensation committee will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under theIncentive Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect ordinary share dividends, stock splits and other similar events.C. BOARD PRACTICES.Board of DirectorsOur board of directors consists of seven members being Messrs. Xuesong Song, Kegang Peng, Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao andZhihao Xu. Our directors hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders, where their successors will be duly elected and qualified, or until the directors’ death,resignation or removal, whichever is earlier. Our directors are subject to a fouryear term of office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or untiltheir respective successors have been elected and qualified in accordance with our fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles ofassociation. A director will be removed from office if, among other things, the director (1) becomes bankrupt, (2) dies or becomes of unsound mind, or (3) is absentfrom meetings of our board of directors for six consecutive months without leave and our board of directors resolves that the office is vacated. A director is notentitled to any special benefits upon termination of service with the company.Director IndependenceOur board of directors consists of seven members; Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha, Chuang Tao and Zhihao Xu have been determined by us tobe independent directors within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of the NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”).Committees of Our Board of DirectorsTo enhance our corporate governance, we established three committees under our board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee, and anominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. The committees have the following functions andmembers.Audit CommitteeOur audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the appointment of our independent public accountants, the scope and results of ourannual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and management’s procedures and policies relating to the adequacy of our internal accountingcontrols. Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, and Jiming Ha. Mr. Galgano, having accounting and financial management expertise,serves as the Chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our board of directorshas determined that each of these persons meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule 10A3 of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:●the appointment, evaluation, compensation, oversight and termination of the work of our independent auditor (including resolution of disagreementsbetween management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting);●an annual performance evaluation of the audit committee;●establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters orpotential violations of law, and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditingmatters or potential violations of law;50●ensuring that it receives an annual report from our independent auditor describing our internal control procedures and any steps taken to deal withmaterial control deficiencies and attesting to the auditor’s independence and describing all relationships between the auditor and us;●reviewing our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;●reviewing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management;●meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent auditor; and●reporting regularly to our board of directors.Compensation CommitteeOur compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers,including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee reviews share compensationarrangements for all of our other employees. Members of the compensation committee are not prohibited from direct involvement in determining their owncompensation. Our Chief Executive Officer is not permitted to be present at any committee meeting during which his or her compensation is deliberated. Ourcompensation committee consists of Dennis Galgano and Jin Shi, with Mr. Shi serving as the Chairman of the compensation committee. Our board of directors hasdetermined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicable requirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:●reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of ourChief Executive Officer in light of those goals and objectives and setting the compensation level of our Chief Executive Officer based on thisevaluation;●reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our executives, incentive compensation and equitybasedplans that are subject to board approval; and●providing annual performance evaluations of the compensation committee.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeOur nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in identifying and selecting or recommending individuals qualified tobecome our directors, developing and recommending corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management. Ournominating and corporate governance committee consists of Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu, with Mr. Ha serving as the Chairman of the nominating and corporategovernance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons meet the definition of “independent director” under the applicablerequirements of the NASDAQ Rules.Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:●selecting and recommending to our board nominees for election or reelection to our board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;●reviewing annually with our board the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills,experience and availability of service to us;●selecting and recommending to our board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as wellas the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; advising our board of directors periodically with regards to significant developments inthe law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to ourboard of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and●monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensureproper compliance.51Code of Business Conduct and EthicsOur board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees.Duties of DirectorsUnder British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a dutyto exercise care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directorsmust ensure compliance with our memorandum of association and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors isbreached.The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:●appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;●authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;●exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;●executing cheques, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and●maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.Remuneration and BorrowingThe directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid alltraveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board ofdirectors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist thedirectors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any partthereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company orof any third party.QualificationA director is not required to hold shares as a qualification to office.52Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification MattersBritish Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum of association and articles of association may provide forindemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.Under our memorandum of association and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, includinglegal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigativeproceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled toindemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings,they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider ParticipationNone of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in thepast year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board ofdirectors or compensation committee.Employment AgreementsOn August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Song Agreement”) with Mr. Xuesong Song, to serve as the ChiefExecutive Officer of the Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Song Agreement, Mr. Song will receive no salary for his servicesbut will be eligible for an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.On August 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the “Yu Agreement”) with Mr. Jie Yu, to serve as the Chief Financial Officer ofthe Company for a fouryear term, subject to renewal. Under the terms of the Yu Agreement, Mr. Yu will receive an annual salary of RMB700,000, and will be eligiblefor an annual cash bonus in the Board’s sole discretion.D. EMPLOYEES.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had a total of 111 and 37 fulltime employees, including 51 and 13 in research and development, 17 and 2 in sales andmarketing and the rest in a variety of other divisions, respectively. All of our employees are fulltime employees. None of our employees is currently represented by aunion and/or collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and since our inception we have had no history of workstoppages or union organizing campaigns.E. SHARE OWNERSHIP.The following table provides information as to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of December 31, 2018, by the persons listed. Beneficialownership of shares is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investmentpower. For purposes of the following table, a person is deemed to have beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares if such person has the right to acquire suchshares within 60 days of December 31, 2018. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, any shares that such person hasthe right to acquire within 60 days after of December 31, 2018 are deemed to be outstanding, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ofthe ordinary shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person listed is c/o Luokung Technologies, LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.53Percentage ownership of the ordinary shares in the following table is based on 199,317,558 ordinary shares outstanding on December 31, 2018.Number ofsharesPercent ofclassDirectors and named executive officersXuesong Song, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)38,156,43019.14%Kegang Peng, Vice President and Director (2)17,231,9558.64%Dennis Galgano, Director75,796*%Jin Shi, Director (3)1,278,420*%Zhihao Xu, Director (4)6,962,8323.49%Dongpu Zhang, President (5)2,321,7921.16%Chuang Tao, Director (6)1,221,996*%Directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons)67,249,22133.74%(1)Consists of (i) 4,030,882 shares owned directly by Charm Dragon International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and (ii) 22,624,793 shares owneddirectly by Bravo First Development Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Xuesong Song is the controlling shareholder of Bravo First DevelopmentLimited. Mr. Xuesong Song is the sole director of Charm Dragon International Limited. Mr. Xuesong Song also owns all 1,000,000 of the Company’s outstandingpreferred shares, and each preferred share has the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company. Mr. Song therefore is the controllingshareholder of the Company.(2)Consists of 17,231,955 shares owned directly by Plenty Prestige Enterprises Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Kegang Peng is the sole director ofPlenty Prestige Enterprises Limited.(3)Consists of 1,278,420 shares owned directly by Utmost Vantage Ventures Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. These shares are held in a partnership andMr. Shi serves as a general partner of the partnership on behalf of the partners and therefore disclaims any beneficial ownership.(4)Consists of 6,962,832 shares directly owned by Geely Group Limited., a Chinese company. Mr. Zhihao Xu is the Chief Executive Officer of Geely Group Limited.(5)Consists of 2,321,792 shares owned directly by Genoa Peak Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Dongpu Zhang controls Genoa Peak Limited.(6)Consists of 1,221,996 shares owned directly by Globalearth Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Mr. Chuang Tao controls Globalearth HoldingsLimited.*Represents less than 1% of shares outstandingITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERSPlease refer to Item 6.E “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership.”To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by (i) another corporation or (ii) any foreign government and (B) there are noarrangements (including any announced or expected takeover bid), the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of other holders of the same class of shares.54B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.Our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entities, and the subsidiaries of the consolidated affiliated entities have engaged, during the ordinary course ofbusiness, in a number of customary transactions with each other. All of these intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due from related parties, C Media Limited and Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited, in theamounts of $4.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These amounts due from related parties are short term in nature, noninterest bearing, unsecured and repayableon demand.As of December 31, 2018, we had amounts due to related parties, Mr. Xuesong Song, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Thumb Beijing Branch andVision Capital Profits Limited, in the amounts of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts due to related parties are short term in nature,noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Xuesong Song, serves as an officer of Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun and is one of the legal owners ofBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun. The following table sets forth the relationship of Mr. Song with Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun:NameRelationship withLuokung TechnologyRelationship withBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunPercentageOwnership Interest inBeijing Zhong Chuan Shi XunXuesong SongChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer61.82%C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.None.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION.See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”Legal ProceedingsTo our knowledge, other than as described below there are no material legal proceedings threatened against us. From time to time, we may be subject tovarious claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Following the consummation of the AEA, we became successor in interest to the legalproceedings described below.55Lawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau AirconditionedTrain WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to the dispute on theproject implementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’sCourt. On December 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to the legal counsel, it is probable that thesettlement will amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable as at December 31, 2018.Dividend PolicyWe currently intend to retain all of our available funds and future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipatepaying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under the terms of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association the declaration andpayment of any dividends in the future will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors, including our earnings,capital requirements and overall financial condition and our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders’dividends with respect to their underlying shares to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including thefees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries may limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. See Risk Factors – Risks Related toDoing Business in China – Our holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends” and “Item 10. Additional Information – D. Exchange Controls –Dividend Distribution”.B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.N/AITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTINGA. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS.Markets and Share Price HistoryThe primary trading market for our ordinary shares, as represented by American Depositary Shares or ADSs is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our shares havebeen listed and traded under the symbol KONE since May 14, 2010. On August 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset ExchangeAgreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into on January 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp.,our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinaryshares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”. 56The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices in dollars of our ordinary shares, which are represented by ADSs, as reported byNASDAQ in the periods as indicated:ADSHighLowAnnual Highs and Lows (as of the fiscal year end 09/30 for the five most recent full financial years)*20175.592.67201610.21.62Quarterly Highs and Lows (for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period, based on calendarquarter end)*2018Third Quarter8.006.30Second Quarter8.824.25First Quarter6.403.702017Fourth Quarter5.592.91Third Quarter3.992.67Second Quarter4.063.07First Quarter5.152.832016Fourth Quarter6.594.20Third Quarter10.201.62Second Quarter3.101.97First Quarter3.602.12Monthly Highs and Lows (for the most recent six months)September 20188.006.41August 20187.706.63July 20187.506.30June 20188.827.55May 20187.805.92April 20187.454.25*The Company effected a 1for10 reverse stock split of its ordinary shares on November 6, 2012 (the “Reverse Split”). The ratio between each AmericanDepositary Share (“ADS”) and its underlying ordinary share postReverse Split remains the same, namely, one ADR remains to represent one ordinary sharepost the Reverse Split. The price listed here after November 6, 2012 reflected the effect from the Reverse Split.B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.Not Applicable.C. MARKETS.The primary trading market for our ordinary shares is the NASDAQ Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are listed and traded since May 14, 2010. OnAugust 17, 2018, we completed the transactions contemplated by the Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited (“C Media”) entered into onJanuary 25, 2018. On August 20, 2018, we changed our name to Luokung Technology Corp., our American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) were voluntarily delistedfrom the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 19, 2018 and on January 3, 2019 our ordinary shares started trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “LKCO”.57D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.Not applicable.E. DILUTION.Not applicable.F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE.Not applicable.ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.A. SHARE CAPITALNot applicable.B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONWe are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the provisions of our memorandum of associationand articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable British Virgin Islands law.Our memorandum of association and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 251,000,000 shares, which are designated into (i) 250,000,000ordinary shares of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), and (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of the Company (“Preferred Shares”), in each case with the rights,preferences and privileges as set out in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company.The following is a summary of the material provisions of our ordinary shares and our memorandum of association and articles of association.Ordinary SharesAll of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our ordinary shares who are nonresidents of the BritishVirgin Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), an Ordinary Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company; and(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up.58Subject to the memorandum and articles of association (and, for greater clarity, without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders ofany other shares), a Preferred Share of the Company confers on the holder:(a)the right to 399 votes at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members;(b)the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company;(c)the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on a winding up;(d)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Private Transactions, subject to ApplicableLaw; and(e)be freely transferable, in whole or in part, by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions, subject to Applicable Lawand Automatic Conversion of such Preferred Share(s) into Ordinary Share(s).Each Preferred Share shall be automatically converted at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum into an equal number of fullypaid Ordinary Shares upon the conclusion of any transfer by Mr. Xuesong Song to any third party through one or more Public Transactions.Limitation on Liability and Indemnification MattersUnder British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with aview to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our memorandumof association and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will notbe personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availabilityof equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.We may indemnify any of our directors or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, andagainst all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. We mayonly indemnify a director if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the director hadno reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the director acted honestly and in goodfaith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the director had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence offraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement,conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interestsor that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director to be indemnified has been successful in defense of anyproceedings referred to above, the director is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paidin settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers andincurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liabilityas provided in our memorandum of association and articles of association.Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, wehave been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Actand is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.59Differences in Corporate LawWe were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The corporate statutes of the State of Delaware and the BritishVirgin Islands are similar, and the flexibility available under British Virgin Islands law has enabled us to adopt memorandum of association and articles of associationthat will provide shareholders with rights that do not vary in any material respect from those they would enjoy if we were incorporated under the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or Delaware corporate law. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and thelaws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.Director’s Fiduciary DutiesUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has twocomponents: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent personwould exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonablyavailable regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of thecorporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits selfdealing by a director and mandates that the bestinterest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by thestockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the actiontaken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should suchevidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fairvalue to the corporation.British Virgin Islands law provides that every director of a British Virgin Islands company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall acthonestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence andskill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the positionof the director and his responsibilities. In addition, British Virgin Islands law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose andshall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.Amendment of Governing DocumentsUnder Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BritishVirgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, (i) our shareholders may amend our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation by a resolution of shareholders, or (ii) our board of directors may amend our memorandum of association and articles of association by a resolution ofdirectors without a requirement for a resolution of shareholders so long as the amendment does not:●restrict the rights of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles of association;●change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association and articles ofassociation;●amend the memorandum of association and articles of association in circumstances where the memorandum of association and articles of associationcannot be amended by the shareholders; or●amend the provisions of memorandum of association or the articles of association pertaining to “rights attaching to shares,” “rights not varied by theissue of the shares pari passu,” “variation of rights” and “amendment of memorandum and articles”.60Written Consent of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under British Virgin Islands law, directors’consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect under our article of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.Written Consent of ShareholdersUnder Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting ofstockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that wouldbe necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing totake effect. Our memorandum of association and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a resolution consentedto at a meeting of shareholders or in writing by a majority of shareholders entitled to vote thereon.Shareholder ProposalsUnder Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with thenotice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governingdocuments, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of thevoting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.Sale of AssetsUnder Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. Inthe British Virgin Islands, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of the company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.Dissolution; Winding UpUnder Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of thecorporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority votingrequirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, we may be voluntarily liquidated under Part XII of the BVI Act by resolution of directors and resolution of shareholders if we have no liabilities and weare able to pay our debts as they fall due.Redemption of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stockprovided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate ofincorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum ofassociation and articles of association, shares may be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by us. Our directors must determine that immediately followingthe redemption or repurchase we will be able to satisfy our debts as they fall due and the value of our assets exceeds our liabilities.61Variation of Rights of SharesUnder Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of suchclass, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, and our memorandum of association and articles ofassociation, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the consent in writing ofholders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of that class and holders of not less than threefourths of the issued shares of any other class of shareswhich may be affected by the variation.Removal of DirectorsUnder Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of theoutstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association andarticles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause by resolution of directors or resolution of shareholders.MergersUnder the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two ormore constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a newcompany. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must beauthorized by a resolution of shareholders.Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation containsany provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on theproposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote atthe meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.Inspection of Books and RecordsUnder Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list ofshareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under British Virgin Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list ofshareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide holders of our shares with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can FindAdditional Information.”Conflict of InterestThe BVI Act provides that a director shall, after becoming aware that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company,disclose that interest to the board of directors of the company. The failure of a director to disclose that interest does not affect the validity of a transaction enteredinto by the director or the company, so long as the director’s interest was disclosed to the board prior to the company’s entry into the transaction or was notrequired to be disclosed (for example where the transaction is between the company and the director himself or is otherwise in the ordinary course of business andon usual terms and conditions). As permitted by British Virgin Islands law and our memorandum of association and articles of association, a director interested in aparticular transaction may vote on it, attend meetings at which it is considered, and sign documents on our behalf which relate to the transaction.62Transactions with Interested ShareholdersDelaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation hasspecifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain businesscombinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholdergenerally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect oflimiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a twotiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if,among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the businesscombination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware publiccorporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.British Virgin Islands law has no comparable provision. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delawarebusiness combination statute. However, although British Virgin Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, itdoes provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on theminority shareholders.Independent DirectorsThere are no provisions under Delaware corporate law or under the BVI Act that require a majority of our directors to be independent.Cumulative VotingUnder Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specificallyprovides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholderto cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, but our memorandum of association and articles of association do notprovide for cumulative votingAntitakeover Provisions in Our Memorandum of association and articles of associationSome provisions of our memorandum of association and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company ormanagement that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more seriesand to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares.C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS.On January 25, 2018, the Company executed an Asset Exchange Agreement (“AEA”) with C Media Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of theCayman Islands (“C Media”), whereby the Company agreed to purchase all the capital stock and equity interests of LK Technology Ltd, together with its whollyowned subsidiaries MMB Limited and Mobile Media (China) Limited and all respective subsidiaries from C Media in exchange for (i) 185,412,599 ordinary shares ofthe Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares”), (ii) 1,000,000 preferred shares of Kingtone (“Preferred Shares”) and (iii) all issued and outstandingcapital stock or equity interests of the Company’s subsidiary, Topsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., and its whollyowned subsidiary Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd.,including all entities effectively controlled by Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. through contractual arrangements and variable business entities.To consummate the contemplated transactions described above, the Company obtained shareholder consent at a special meeting held on May 20, 2018, (i)to authorize 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, (ii) to authorize additional Ordinary Shares so that total authorized Ordinary Shares is equal to 250,000,000 shares, (iii) to listsuch Ordinary Shares on NASDAQ, and (iv) to approve the transactions contemplated in the Asset Exchange Agreement. Additionally, NASDAQ needed toapprove the contemplated transactions prior to consummation thereof. C Media had the right to terminate the AEA if the closing had not occurred (other thanthrough the failure of C Media to comply fully with its obligations under the AEA) on or before July 31, 2018. The transactions contemplated by the AEA wereconsummated on August 17, 2018.63On January 25, 2018, five shareholders of the Company including its largest shareholder and its Chief Executive Officer executed a Securities PurchaseAgreement, whereby such shareholders agreed to sell a total of 617,988 Ordinary Shares and 282,694 American Depository Shares of the Company to Redstone YYLManagement Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $1,897,860.09.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of SuperengineHolding Limited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technologyacquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by theissuance of our Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. We are a party to the Agreement in connection with the issuance of theOrdinary Shares and certain other limited purposes.D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS.This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rightto receive dividends and other distributions from us.Regulations on Internet Content ProvidersThe Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the Internet Content Measures, which was promulgated by the State Council onSeptember 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set out guidelines on the provision of internet information services. The Internet Content Measures specifiesthat internet information services regarding news, publications, education, medical and health care, pharmacy and medical appliances, among other things, arerequired to be examined, approved and regulated by the relevant authorities. Internet information providers are prohibited from providing services beyond thoseincluded in the scope of their licenses or filings. Furthermore, the Internet Content Measures specifies a list of prohibited content. Internet information providers areprohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes the legal rights of others.Internet information providers that violate such prohibition may face criminal charges or administrative sanctions. Internet information providers must monitor andcontrol the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove the content immediately, keep a record of such content andreport to the relevant authorities.The Internet Content Measures classifies internet information services into commercial internet information services and noncommercial internetinformation services. Commercial internet information services refer to services that provide information or services to internet users with charge. A provider ofcommercial internet information services must obtain an ICP License.Regulations on Internet Audiovideo Program ServicesOn December 20, 2007, the MII and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, or the SAPPRFT, jointly issued theAdministrative Provisions for the Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Audiovideo Program Provisions, which came into effect on January 31, 2008 andwas amended on August 28, 2015. The Audiovideo Program Provisions defines “internet audiovideo program services” as producing, editing and integrating ofaudiovideo programs, supplying audiovideo programs to the public via the internet, and providing audiovideo programs uploading and transmission services to athird party. Entities providing internet audiovideo programs services must obtain an internet audio video program transmission license. Applicants for suchlicenses shall be stateowned or statecontrolled entities unless an internet audiovideo program transmission license has been obtained prior to the effectiveness ofthe Audiovideo Program Provisions in accordance with the thenineffect laws and regulations. In addition, foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engagein the abovementioned services. According to the audio video Program Provisions and other relevant laws and regulations, audiovideo programs provided by theentities supplying Internet audiovideo program services shall not contain any illegal content or other content prohibited by the laws and regulations, such as anycontent against the basic principles in the PRC Constitution, any content that damages the sovereignty of the country or national security, and any content thatdisturbs social order or undermine social stability. An audiovideo program that has already been broadcast shall be retained in full for at least 60 days. Movies,television programs and other media content used as Internet audiovideo programs shall comply with relevant administrative regulations on programs broadcaststhrough radio, movie and television channels. Entities providing services related to Internet audiovideo programs shall immediately delete the audiovideoprograms violating laws and regulations, keep relevant records, report relevant authorities and implement other regulatory requirements.64The Categories of the Internet AudioVideo Program Services, or the Audiovideo Program Categories, promulgated by SAPPRFT on March 10, 2017,classifies internet audio/video programs into four categories: (I) Category I internet audio/video program service, which is carried out with a form of radio station ortelevision station; (II) Category II internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting service of current political news audio/video programs; (b)hosting, interviewing, reporting and commenting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education and other specializedaudio/video programs; (c) producing (interviewing not included) and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports,education and other specialized audio/video programs; (d) producing and broadcasting service of internet films/dramas; (e) aggregating and broadcasting service offilms, television dramas and cartoons; (f) aggregating and broadcasting service of arts, entertainment, technology, finance and economics, sports, education andother specialized audio/video programs; and (g) live audio/video broadcasting service of cultural activities of common social organizations, sport events or otherorganization activities; and (III) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) aggregating service of online audio/video contents, and (b) rebroadcasting service of the audio/video programs uploaded by internet users; and (IV) Category III internet audio/video program service, including (a) rebroadcasting of the radio/television program channels; and (b) rebroadcasting of internet audio/video program channels.On May 27, 2016, the SAPPRFT issued the Notice on Relevant Issues concerning Implementing the Approval Works of Upgrading Mobile Internet AudioVideo Program Service, or the Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice. The Mobile AudioVideo Program Notice provides that the mobile Internet audiovideo programservices shall be deemed Internet audiovideo program service. Entities which have obtained the approvals to provide the Internet audiovideo program servicesmay use mobile WAP websites or mobile applications to provide audiovideo program services. Entities with regulatory approvals may operate mobile applicationsto provide the audiovideo program services. The types of the programs shall be within the permitted scope as provided in the licenses and such mobile applicationsshall be filed with the SAPPRFT.Regulations on Production and Operation of Radio/Television ProgramsOn July 19, 2004, the SAPPRFT promulgated the Administrative Measures on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, or the Radioand Television Program Production Measures, which came into effect on August 20, 2004 and was amended on August 28, 2015. The Radio and Television ProgramProduction Measures provides that any business that produces or operates radio or television programs must first obtain a Radio and Television ProgramProduction and Operation Permit. Entities holding such permits shall conduct their business within the permitted scope as provided in their permits. In addition,foreigninvested enterprises are not allowed to engage in the abovementioned services.Regulations on Online Advertising ServicesOn April 24, 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the NewAdvertising Law, effective on September 1, 2015. The New Advertising Law increases the potential legal liability of advertising services providers and strengthensregulations of false advertising. On July 4, 2016, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, issued the Interim Measures of theAdministration of Online Advertising, or the SAIC Interim Measures, effective on September 1, 2016. The New Advertising Law and the SAIC Interim Measuresrequire that online advertisements may not affect users’ normal internet use and internet popup ads must display a “close” sign prominently and ensure onekeyclosing of the popup windows. The SAIC Interim Measures provides that all online advertisements must be marked “Advertisement” so that viewers can easilyidentify them as such. Moreover, the SAIC Interim Measures treats paid search results as advertisements that are subject to PRC advertisement laws, and requiresthat paid search results be conspicuously identified on search result pages as advertisements. The New Advertising Law and SAIC Interim Measures require us toconduct more stringent examination and monitoring of our advertisers and the content of their advertisements.65Regulations on Online GamesIn September 2009, the GAPP (currently known as the SAPPRFT), together with the National Copyright Administration, and the National Office ofCombating Pornography and Illegal Publications jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening on the Administration of Preexamination and Approval ofOnline Game and the Examination and Approval of Imported Online Game, or the Circular 13. The Circular 13 states that foreign investors are not permitted to investin online game operating businesses in the PRC via wholly foreignowned entities, Sinoforeign equity joint ventures or cooperative joint ventures or to exercisecontrol over or participate in the operation of domestic online game businesses through indirect means, such as other joint venture companies or contractual ortechnical arrangements. If the our contractual arrangements were deemed under the Circular 13 to be an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise controlover or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business, our contractual arrangements might be challenged by the SAPPRFT. We are not aware ofany online game companies which use the same or similar contractual arrangements having been challenged by the SAPPRFT as using those contractualarrangements as an “indirect means” for foreign investors to exercise control over or participate in the operation of a domestic online game business or having beenpenalized or ordered to terminate operations since the Circular 13 became effective. However, it is unclear whether and how the Circular 13 might be interpreted orimplemented in the future. See “Risk Factors—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations inChina do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future,we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, or the Online Game Measures, issued by the MOC, which took effect on August 1, 2010 andamended on December 15, 2017, regulates a broad range of activities related to the online games business, including the development, production and operation ofonline games, the issuance of virtual currencies used for online games, and the provision of virtual currency trading services. The Online Game Measures providesthat any entity that is engaged in online game operations must obtain a Network Cultural Business Permit, and require the content of an imported online game to beexamined and approved by the MOC prior to the game’s launch and require a domestic online game to be filed with the MOC within 30 days after its launch. TheNotice of the Ministry of Culture on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Games, which was issued by the MOC on July 29,2010 to implement the Online Game Measures, (i) requires online game operators to protect the interests of online game users and specifies that certain terms thatmust be included in service agreements between online game operators and the users of their online games, (ii) requires content review of imported online gamesand filing procedures for domestic online games, (iii) emphasizes the protection of minors playing online games, and (iv) requests online game operators to promoterealname registration by their game users.Regulations on Information Security, Censorship and PrivacyThe Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of InternetSecurity on December 28, 2000 that may subject persons to criminal liabilities in China for any attempt to use the internet to: (i) gain improper entry to a computer orsystem of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information or (v) infringe uponintellectual property rights. In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Administration Measures on the Security Protection of Computer InformationNetwork with International Connections which prohibits using the internet to leak state secrets or to spread socially destabilizing materials. If an ICP license holderviolates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issuedby the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015, effective on November 1, 2015, any ICP provider that fails to fulfill the obligationsrelated to internet information security as required by applicable laws and refuses to take corrective measures, will be subject to criminal liability for (i) any largescale dissemination of illegal information; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of users’ personal information; (iii) any serious loss of evidence of criminalactivities; or (iv) other severe situations, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others unlawfully or (ii) steals or illegallyobtains any personal information will be subject to criminal liability in severe situations.66The Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or the Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated on November 7, 2016 by the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress and came into effect on June 1, 2017, provides that network operators shall meet their cyber security obligations and shall take technicalmeasures and other necessary measures to protect the safety and stability of their networks. Under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators are subject to varioussecurity protectionrelated obligations, including: (i) network operators shall comply with certain obligations regarding maintenance of the security of internetsystems; (ii) network operators shall verify users’ identities before signing agreements or providing certain services such as information publishing or realtimecommunication services; (iii) when collecting or using personal information, network operators shall clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of theinformation collection, the use of information collection, and obtain the consent of those from whom the information is collected; (iv) network operators shall strictlypreserve the privacy of user information they collect, and establish and maintain systems to protect user privacy; (v) network operators shall strengthenmanagement of information published by users, and when they discover information prohibited by laws and regulations from publication or dissemination, theyshall immediately stop dissemination of that information, including taking measures such as deleting the information, preventing the information from spreading,saving relevant records, and reporting to the relevant governmental agencies.Relevant Regulations of the Hightech EnterpriseThe Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Tax Bureau collectively promulgated and issued the“Certifying Standard and Managing Measures for Hightech Enterprises” and “the Hightech Areas of Main National Support” on April 14, 2008 to certify the Hightech enterprise and encourage and support the development of the Chinese Hightech enterprises. Under the Hightech Enterprises Measures, the enterprise canenjoy the favorable tax policy when it is certified as a Hightech enterprise by the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology and theState Tax Bureau or with its provincial branch according to the stipulated standard. The software and computer and network technology are recognized as the mainnational supported Hightech field. Our subsidiaries, Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited and Superengine Graphics Software TechnologyDevelopment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd are a Hightech enterprise and enjoys a favorable income tax rate of 15%.67Laws and Regulations of Intellectual Property RightsChina has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights and trademarks. China is a signatory to the maininternational conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon itsaccession to the WTO in December 2001.PatentsThe “Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, adopted in 1985 andrevised in 1992, 2001 and 2008, protects registered patents. The State Intellectual Property Office of PRC handles granting patent rights, providing for a twentyyearpatent term for inventions and a tenyear patent term for utility models and designs. As we disclosed in Item 4, of this annual report on Form 20F, through LuokungTechnology, we have been granted 20 patents by the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”) of PRC and therefore such invention is entitled to all the protectionsprovided under the Patent Law for twenty years.Computer Software Copyright and AdministrationOn December 20, 2001, the State Council of PRC issued the “Regulation for Computer Software Protection of the People’s Republic of China” (the“Regulation for Computer Software Protection”) which became effective on January 1, 2002 to protect the interests of copyright owners, to promote the research andapplication and to encourage the development of the Chinese software industry. Under the Regulation for Computer Software Protection, natural persons, legalpersons or any other organizations shall have a copyright on the software developed by such persons no matter whether such software has been published. Theprotection period of software copyrights owned by the legal person or other organization is fifty years and expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year from the initialpublication date of such computer software. Currently, Luokung Technology has 34registration certificates for software copyrights.TrademarksThe “Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated by the State Council of PRC, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993 and 2001, protectsregistered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and grants a termof ten years to registered trademarks which are renewable for another ten years after the application to the Trademark Office by the owners of the trademarks.Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record. China has a “firsttoregister” system that requires no evidence of prior use orownership. Luokung Technology has its registered trademarks as described in Item 4 of this annual report on Form 20F. Accordingly, such trademarks are entitled tothe protection under the Trademark Law.Foreign Currency ExchangeOn August 29, 2008, the SAFE issued the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the RelevantOperating Issues concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreignfunded Enterprises, orCircular 142. Pursuant to Circular 142, RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may only be used for purposeswithin the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specificallyprovided for otherwise. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans ifthe proceeds of such loans have not been used.68See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRCentities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operatingsubsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business”.Dividend DistributionWe are a British Virgin Islands holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted through LK Technology. We rely on dividends andother distributions from our LK Technology and its subsidiaries to provide us with our cash flow and allow us to pay dividends on the shares underlying our ADSsand meet our other obligations. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreignowned enterprises include:1.Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and2.Implementation Rules on Wholly ForeignOwned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended.Under these regulations, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined inaccordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreignowned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of theiraftertax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registeredcapital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The board of directors of a FIE has the discretion to allocate a portion of its aftertax profits to staffwelfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation.Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore TransactionsIn October 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fundraising and Return InvestmentActivities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005, and wasfurther supplemented by two implementation notices issued by the SAFE on November 24, 2005 and May 29, 2007, respectively. Under Circular 75, prior registrationwith the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company withassets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to the registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident isalso required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, orany other material change with respect to the offshore company in connection with any increase or decrease of capital, transfer of shares, merger, division, equityinvestment, debt investment, or creation of any security interest over any assets located in the PRC.Under SAFE Notice 75, PRC residents are further required to repatriate into the PRC all of their dividends, profits or capital gains obtained from theirshareholdings in the offshore entity within 180 days of their receipt of such dividends, profits or capital gains. The registration and filing procedures under SAFENotice 75 are prerequisites for other approval and registration procedures necessary for capital inflow from the offshore entity, such as inbound investments orshareholders loans, or capital outflow to the offshore entity, such as the payment of profits or dividends, liquidating distributions, equity sale proceeds, or thereturn of funds upon a capital reduction. Therefore, failure to comply with such registration may subject us to certain restrictions on, including but not limited to, theincrease of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiary, making loans to our PRC subsidiary, and making distributions to us from our onshore companies.Regulations of Overseas Investments and ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the StateAdministration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly adopted the New M&A Rule, which becameeffective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore SPV formed for purposes ofoverseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior tothe listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.69On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by SPVs. The CSRC approvalprocedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process.The application of the New M&A Rule with respect to overseas listings of SPVs remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among the leadingPRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.We believe that, based on our understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules and the procedures announced on September 21, 2006, there isno requirement in this regulation that would require an application to be submitted to the MOFCOM or the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of ourADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market.See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we were required to obtain the prior approval of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC orother PRC regulatory agencies.”E. TAXATIONThe following discussion sets forth the material British Virgin Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs andthe ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, sometimes referred to collectively as the “securities”. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof ineffect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment inthe securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws. As used in this discussion, “we,” “our” and “us” refers only to LuokungTechnology Corp.. British Virgin Islands TaxationUnder the law of the British Virgin Islands as currently in effect, a holder of the securities who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is not liable forBritish Virgin Islands tax on dividends paid with respect to the securities and all holders of the securities are not liable to the British Virgin Islands for tax on gainsrealized during that year on the sale or disposal of such ordinary shares. The British Virgin Islands does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by acompany incorporated or reregistered under the BVI Act.There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands on companies incorporated under the BVI Act. In addition, shares ofcompanies incorporated under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the BritishVirgin Islands.70People’s Republic of China TaxationIn 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress enacted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008. Thenew EIT Law imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% on all Chinese enterprises, including foreigninvested enterprises, and levies a withholding tax rate of10% on dividends payable by Chinese subsidiaries to their foreign shareholders unless any such foreign shareholders’ jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treatywith China that provides for a different withholding agreement. Under the new EIT Law, enterprises established outside China but deemed to have a “de factomanagement body” within the country may be considered “resident enterprises” for Chinese tax purposes and, therefore, may be subject to an enterprise income taxrate of 25% on their worldwide income. Pursuant to the implementation rules of the new EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that hasmaterial and overall management control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of the enterprise. Although substantially all members of ourmanagement are located in China, it is unclear whether Chinese tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. If we aredeemed a Chinese tax resident enterprise, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide income, excluding dividends received directlyfrom another Chinese tax resident enterprise, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. If we are not deemed to be a Chinese tax resident enterprise,we may be subject to certain PRC withholding taxes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our holding company structure may limit thepayment of dividends.” As a result of such changes, our historical tax rates may not be indicative of our tax rates for future periods and the value of our ADSs orordinary shares may be adversely affected. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise and investors’ gain from the sales of the securities and dividends payable byus are deemed sourced from China, such gains and dividends payable by us may be subject to PRC tax. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business inChina — If we were deemed a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we could be subject to tax on our global income at the rate of 25% under the New EITLaw and our nonPRC shareholders could be subject to certain PRC taxes.United States Federal Income TaxationGeneralThe following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of purchasing, owning and disposing of our securities.This discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or the state, local or nonU.S. tax consequences of an investment in the securities.YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NONU.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OFPURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF THE SECURITIES IN YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.This discussion applies only to those investors that purchase the securities in this offering and that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaningof section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This section does not apply to holders that may be subject to special tax rules,including but not limited to:1.dealers in securities or currencies;2.traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting;3.banks, insurance companies or certain financial institutions;4.taxexempt organizations;5.governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;6.partnerships or other entities treated as partnerships or other passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons holding thesecurities through such entities;7.regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;8.holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;9.holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote;10.holders that acquired the securities pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, in connection with employee stock incentive plans orotherwise as compensation;11.holders that hold the securities as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction; or12.holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.71This section is based on the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, published rulings and other administrativeguidance of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These laws are subject to change or differentinterpretation by the IRS or a court, possibly on a retroactive basis.We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree withthe discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation, administrative rulingsor court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federalincome tax purposes:1.a citizen or resident of the United States;2.a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or3.organized) under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;4.an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or5.a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S.6.persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S.Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.If a beneficial owner of the securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other passthrough entity for U.S.federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “NonU.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable specifically to NonU.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences to NonU.S. Holders.”If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the securities, the U.S. taxtreatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the securities that is apartnership or partners in such a partnership should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of thesecurities.This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) on the securities and any consideration received by a holder in consideration forthe sale or other disposition of the securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion also assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement aretrue and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. Finally, this discussionassumes that each ADS will only represent ordinary shares in us, and will not represent any other type of security, such as a bond, cash or other property.72For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of an ADS will be treated as the beneficial owner of the shares represented by such ADS and an exchange ofan ADS for ordinary shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are prereleased, orintermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the securities underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistentwith the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable todividends received by certain noncorporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, as described below under “Tax Consequences to U.S.Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain noncorporate U.S.Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released, or by future actions by the U.S. Treasury.Tax Consequences to U.S. HoldersTaxation of DistributionsSubject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any cash distributions we make with respect to aU.S. Holder in respect of such U.S. Holder’s ADSs or shares will generally be treated as dividend income if the distributions are made from our current oraccumulated earnings and profits, calculated according to U.S. federal income tax principles. Cash dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax asordinary income on the day the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives such income. With respect to noncorporate U.S. Holders for taxable years beginningbefore January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable longterm capital gains rate provided that (a) our ADSs or shares are readily tradable on anestablished securities market in the United States, or, in the event we are deemed to be a Chinese “resident enterprise” under the EIT Law (as described above under“People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we are eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “U.S.PRC Tax Treaty”),(b) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (c) certain holding periodrequirements are met. Under published IRS authority, ADSs are considered for purposes of clause (a) above to be readily tradable on an established securitiesmarket in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently include the NASDAQ Capital Market. U.S. Holders should consult their owntax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or shares.Dividends will not be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Generally, if we distribute noncash property as a dividend (other than pro rata distributions of our shares) out of our current or accumulated earningsand profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a U.S. Holder generally will include in income an amount equal to the fair market value of theproperty, on the date that it is distributed.Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a nontaxablereturn of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in its shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not plan on calculating our earnings andprofits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. holders therefore should generally assume that any distributions paid by us will be treated asdividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.If PRC taxes apply to dividends paid by us to a U.S. Holder (see “People’s Republic of China Taxation,” above), such taxes may be treated as foreign taxeseligible for credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty. The rules relating to the U.S. foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability ofany such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.73Taxation of Dispositions of SharesSubject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. holder that sells or otherwise disposes of its shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federalincome tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its shares. Prior to January 1, 2011, capital gains of anoncorporate U.S. holder are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year (and 20% thereafter). The ability to deductcapital losses is subject to limitations.If PRC taxes apply to any gain from the disposition of our shares by a U.S. Holder, such taxes may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against suchholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain limitations), and a U.S. Holder may be entitled to certain benefits under the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the creditability of any such PRC tax and their eligibility for the benefits of the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Passive Foreign Investment CompanyWe do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current tax year or in the foreseeable future. The determination of whether or notwe are a PFIC in respect of any of our taxable years is a factual determination that cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year and that is based on thetypes of income we earn and the value and composition of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we can make no assurancesthat we will not be a PFIC in respect of our current taxable year or in the future.In general, we will be a PFIC in any taxable year if either:1.at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or2.at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for theproduction of passive income.Passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), theexcess of gains over losses from certain types of transactions in commodities, annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. We will be treated asowning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least25% (by value) of the stock.If we are treated as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owns the securities, and such U.S. Holder did not make a marktomarket election, asdescribed below, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules with respect to:1.any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its shares; and any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder(generally, the excess of the amount of any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a single taxable year of such U.S. Holder over 125% of the averageannual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter,such U.S. Holder holding period for the shares).Under these rules:2.the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares;3.the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which it realized the gain or excess distribution or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holdingperiod before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income;4.the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest taxrate in effect for that year; and5.the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of theU.S. Holder. 6.Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.74Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns ordinary shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may makea marktomarket election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. Our shares will be “marketable” to the extent that they remain regularly traded on anational securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market. If a U.S. Holder makes this election in a timely fashion, it will not be subject to the PFIC rulesdescribed above. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its shares at the end ofthe taxable year over its adjusted basis in its shares. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates andwould not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect ofthe excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its shares over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previouslyincluded income as a result of the marktomarket election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. U.S.Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding potential advantages and disadvantages of making a marktomarket election with respect to their shares.Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our or shares by making a timely“qualified electing fund” election to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as longterm capital gain) and other earnings and profits (asordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends.However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if the PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits asrequired under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not intend to furnish the information that a U.S. Holder would need in order to make a qualified electingfund election. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make or maintain such election with respect to their or shares.If a U.S. Holder owns our shares or during any year that we are a PFIC, such holder must file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding suchholder’s shares or and the gain realized on the disposition of the shares. The reduced tax rate for dividend income, discussed in “Taxation of Distributions,” is notapplicable to dividends paid by a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding reporting requirements with respect to their shares.Tax Consequences to NonU.S. HoldersDividends paid to a NonU.S. Holder in respect of our or shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless the dividends are effectivelyconnected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable toa permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).In addition, a NonU.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our or sharesunless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, isattributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States) or the NonU.S. Holder is an individual who is present in theUnited States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from United Statessources generally is subject to tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the NonU.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by anapplicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States) generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as fora U.S. Holder and, in the case of a NonU.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits taxat a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.75Information Reporting and Backup WithholdingIn general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally should apply to distributions made on the securities within the UnitedStates to a noncorporate U.S. Holder and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of the securities by a noncorporate U.S. Holder to or through a U.S.office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States generally should be subject to informationreporting in limited circumstances.Dividend payments made to U.S. Holders and proceeds paid from the sale or other disposition the securities may be subject to information reporting to theIRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, are not subject to these informationreporting requirements. Backup withholding will not apply to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other requiredcertification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide a duly executed IRSForm W9.A NonU.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreignstatus, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a nonU.S.Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OFTHE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROMPURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCALOR NONU.S. JURISDICTION, INCLUDING ESTATE, GIFT, AND INHERITANCE LAWS AND APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS.Not applicable.G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS.None.H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY.We previously filed a registration statement on Form F1 (File No. 333166056) with the SEC relating to our initial public offering in May 2010. This annualreport does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and financial statements included with the registration statement.References in this annual report to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attachedto the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents. In addition, we will file annual reports on Form 20F and submit otherinformation under cover of Form 6K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers,directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider shortswing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. You may readand copy the registration statement, the related exhibits and other materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 FStreet, Room 1580, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Pleasecall the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports,proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. You may also request acopy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at LAB 32, SOHO 3Q, No 9, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100020 ortelephoning us at (86) 1085866721.I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATIONFor a listing of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure.”76ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.Interest Rate RiskAs of December 31, 2018, we had no shortterm or longterm borrowings. If we borrow money in future periods, we may be exposed to interest rate risk. Ourexposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits with our banks and heldtomaturityinvestments. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earnings instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Wehave not been exposed, nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short ofexpectations due to changes in interest rates. Foreign Exchange RiskTranslation adjustments amounted to $447,246 and $90,671 gain as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Companytranslated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2018 at RMB6.8632 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.5342 to $1.00 at December 31,2017. The Company stated equity accounts at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.6174 and RMB 6.7356 to US$1.00, respectively. So far, the PRC government has been able to manage a stable exchange ratebetween RMB and the U.S. Dollar. Our future downward translation adjustments may occur and can be significant due to changes in such exchange rate.If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes,appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.The PRC government imposes strict restrictions on PRC resident companies regarding converting RMB into foreign currencies and vice versa under capitalaccount transactions, such as receiving equity investments from outside of the PRC, making equity investments outside of the PRC, borrowing money from orlending money outside of the PRC, and repaying debt or remitting liquidated assets and/or accumulated profits outside of the PRC. These transactions have to beapproved by the relevant PRC government authorities, including but not limited to the commerce bureau, the tax bureau and the State Administration of ForeignExchange, or SAFE, and have to be conducted at banks entrusted by the local SAFE branch. As our business continues to grow, we may need to continuouslyfinance our PRC subsidiaries by raising capital from outside of the PRC. The restriction on converting RMB into foreign currencies, and vice versa, may limit ourability to use capital resources from outside of the PRC. Such restrictions may also limit our ability to remit profits from our PRC subsidiaries outside of the PRC,therefore potentially limiting our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, such restrictions will limit our ability to freely transfer temporary excesscash in our or our subsidiaries’ bank accounts in and out of the PRC, therefore limiting our ability to conduct crossborder cash management activities to optimizethe utilization of our cash.InflationAlthough China has experienced an increasing inflation rate, inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. Accordingto the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 0.46%, (0.77%), and 1.16% in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.However, in connection with a 3.9% increase in 2004, the PRC government announced measures to restrict lending and investment in China in order to reduceinflationary pressures in China’s economy. Following the government’s actions, the consumer price index decreased to 1.8% in 2005 and to 1.5% in 2006. In 2007, theconsumer price index increased to 4.8%. In response, China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, announced that the bank reserve ratio would rise half apercentage point to 15.5% in an effort to reduce inflation pressures. China’s consumer price index growth rate reached 8.7% year over year in 2008. In 2009 and 2010,the change in the consumer price index in China was minus 0.7% and 3.3%.China consumer price index in December 2018 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2017.China consumer price index in December 2017 was 0.3%lower than that of the same period in 2016. China consumer price index in December 2016 was 0.5% higher than that of the same period in 2015. China consumer priceindex in December 2015 was 0.1% higher than that of the same period in 2014. The results of the PRC government’s actions to combat inflation are difficult to predict.Adverse changes in the Chinese economy, if any, will likely impact the financial performance of a variety of industries in China that use, or would be candidates touse, our software products and services.77ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.A. DEBT SECURITIES.Not applicable. B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS.Not applicable.C. OTHER SECURITIES.Not applicable.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.Not applicable.78PART IIITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.None.ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.Use of Proceeds.We completed our initial public offering on May 14, 2010 (the “IPO”), which generated net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million. All remaining cash onhand from the proceeds of our IPO was transferred to C Media Limited and its subsidiaries following the completion of the asset exchange transactions on August17, 2018.ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, whichincluded inquiries made to certain other of our employees. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under theExchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in thereports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the materialweakness described in the “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section below. However, we performed adequate analyses andprocedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidated financial statementsincluded in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operationsand cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and thatreceipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a materialeffect on the financial statements.79Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective canprovide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is arisk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitationsare known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria setforth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013).” TheCOSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) controlactivities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on such assessment, management concluded that its internal control over financialreporting as of December 31, 2018 was not effective because of the following material weakness:Lack of U.S. GAAP expertise. Although our accounting personnel are professional and experienced in accounting requirements and procedures generallyaccepted in the PRC, they do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records and preparing financial statements inaccordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations. The staff needs additional training to become experienced in U.S. GAAPbased reporting, including theskills of U.S. GAAPbased period end closing, consolidation of financial statements, and U.S. GAAP conversion.In order to address the above material weakness, our management plans to take the following steps:We will employ, as needed, outside professionals to provide key accounting personnel ongoing technical trainings to ensure their proper understanding ofU.S. GAAP and newly announced accounting standards.The Company believes the foregoing measures will remediate the identified material weakness in future periods. The Company is committed to monitoringthe effectiveness of these measures and making any changes that are necessary and appropriate.However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed adequateanalyses and procedures, including among other things, transaction reviews and account reconciliations, in order to provide assurance that our consolidatedfinancial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position,results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reportingbecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer permanently exempted from section 404(b) of the SarbanesOxley Act.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 that hasmaterially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 16. [RESERVED]ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dennis Galgano qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has determined thatMessrs. Dennis Galgano, Jin Shi, Jiming Ha and Zhihao Xu meet the definition of an “independent director” under the applicable NASDAQ Rules and under Rule10A3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.80ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted the code onour website at http://www.luokung.com.ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.Audit FeesThe aggregate fees billed by Moore Stephens CPA Limited for professional services rendered for the audit of our financial information disclosed in thisannual report on Form 20F was $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $280,000 for the audit of our financial information disclosed in the transitionreport on Form 20F for the two years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.The aggregate fees billed by our previous auditor, BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP for professional services rendered for theaudit of our annual financial information included in our annual reports on Form 20F was $105,500 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.Tax FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to provide tax or related services during the last two fiscal years.All Other FeesWe did not engage our principal accountants to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.Not applicable.ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.Not applicable.ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.Not applicable.ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.We are incorporated in the BVI and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable BVI law as well as our memorandum and articles ofassociation. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements. NASDAQ Listing Rule5620(a) requires each issuer to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year end. However, NASDAQ ListingRule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that suchforeign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practicefollowed in lieu of such requirement. We follow home country practice with respect to annual meetings and did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in the yearended December 31, 2018. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require shareholders’ approvals.ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.Not applicable.81PART IIIITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.We have elected to provide financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The Financial Statements arebeginning on page F1.ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.82SIGNATURESThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this annual report on its behalf.LUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP.By:/s/ Xuesong Song Xuesong SongChief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)April 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired and we are not required to perform furthertesting. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to apurchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the carrying amount of the goodwill is greater than its impliedfair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.In 2018, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC35020, the Company evaluated all relevant factors,including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance. The Company weighed all factors in their entirety andconcluded that it was not morelikelythannot the fair value was less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and further impairment testing on goodwill wasunnecessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.F14Table of ContentsImpairment or disposal of longlived assetsLonglived assets other than goodwill are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assetsmay not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of longlived assets by first grouping its longlived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of thecash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with andexpected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cashflows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of the longlived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair valuethrough quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discountedcash flow methodology or obtains external appraisals from independent valuation firms. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses are based on anumber of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group,discount rate and longterm growth rate.As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company assessed the impairment of its longlived assets and identified impairment indications. For intangible assets, as theCompany is not going to use a software system that was purchased in 2014, an impairment loss of $724,437 on intangible assets was recorded for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). For property plant and equipment, the Company recorded an impairment loss for WiFiequipment that will not be used of $1,228,362 ($nil for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016).Business combinationThe Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC topic 805, Business Combinations.Acquisition method accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities theCompany acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date ofexchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations and all contractual contingencies as of theacquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired orassumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the totalcost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fairvalue of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiaryacquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.Revenue recognitionAdoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofJanuary 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no material effect from the adoption of ASC 606 to our financialstatements.Displaybased online advertising servicesThe Company provides displaybased online advertising services to customers by integrating text description, image and video, and displaying the advertisementsin a prominent position of Luokuang mobile application on a costperclick basis. The customers pay us only when a user clicks on an advertisement on theLuokuang mobile application. The Company recognizes revenue over time because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our advertising servicesthroughout the contract period.Software and servicesThe Company generates revenues primarily in the form of sale of software license and provision of technology solution services. License fees include perpetuallicense fees, term license fees and royalties. Technology services primarily consist of fees for providing technology solution services that enable customers to gainrealtime operational intelligence by harnessing the value of their data.Revenue for the sale of software licenses is recognized at the point in time when the control of the provided goods is provided to our customers.Technology solution revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed because the customer receives and consumes the benefit of our performancethroughout the contract period. Milestones with corresponding payment are stated in the contracts with customers. We bill for the services we have performedwhen the milestones reached are accepted by the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. We recognize the revenues associated with theseprofessional services as we deliver each agreed portion of the services.F15Table of ContentsThe Company does not offer credits or refunds and therefore has not recorded any sales return allowance for any of the periods presented. Upon a periodic reviewof outstanding accounts receivable, amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s policyis to record revenues net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes.Deferred revenue represents prepayments from customers for advertising service and is recognized as revenue when the advertising services are rendered.Foreign currency translationThe functional and reporting currency of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries domiciled in BVI and Hong Kong is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”).The financial records of the Company’s other subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC are maintained in their local currency, the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), whichis the functional currency of these entities.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchangeruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at theapplicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.The Company’s entities with a functional currency of RMB translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company’s reportingcurrency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translatedusing the average rate for the year. Retained earnings and equity are translated using the historical rate. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulativetranslation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.Earnings per shareASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator anddenominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects thepotential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuanceof common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stockoutstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, commonstock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuableupon the exercise of common stock warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted earningsper share if their effect would be antidilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation ofdiluted shares outstanding as they would have had an antidilutive impact. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no potentiallydilutive securities. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:Year Ended December 31,201820172016Net loss available to owners of the Company for basic and diluted net loss per share of ordinary stock$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average ordinary stock outstanding basic and diluted72,919,62411Net loss per ordinary share attributable to owners of the Company basic and diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Income taxesDeferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements,net operating loss carry forwards and credits, by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuationallowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxesare provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Company as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.F16Table of ContentsThe impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is morelikelythan not to be sustained uponaudit by the relevant tax authorities. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, theCompany classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company didnot have any material interest or penalties associated with tax positions nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.ContingenciesThe Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of losscan be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates the developments in legal proceedings or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as anydevelopments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company discloses the amount of the accrual if it is material.Segment reportingOperating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer(“CEO”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance andallocating resources. The Company had one single operating and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company’scustomers and assets are located in the PRC, therefore, no geographical segment information is presented.Related partiesParties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are undercommon control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principalowners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence themanagement or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. TheCompany discloses all significant related party transactions.LeasesLeases have been classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets areaccounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operatingleases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases are recognized on a straightline basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. Withrespect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenuerecognized for the period. Straightline rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straightline rents receivablerepresents the amount by which straightline rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue is accruedwhen the contingency is removed.Advertising costsAdvertising costs include expenses associated with direct marketing. All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, advertising costs amounted to $14,071,241, $23,171,170 and $4,537,653, respectively.Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented net of tax. The tax effect is nil for the three years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company placesits cash with financial institutions with highcredit rating and quality in China. For the year ended December 31, 2018, four customers accounted for 91% of totalrevenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for 95% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, four customersaccounted for 70% of total revenue. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had credit risk exposure of uninured cash in banks of $1,192,218 and $72,379,respectively.F17Table of ContentsThe net sales to customers representing at least 10% of net total sales are as follows:Year Ended December 31,Customer201820172016A26%81%*B26%**C25%**D14%**E*14%*F**22%G**20%H**15%I**13%The following customers had balances of at least 10% of the total trade receivables at the respective balance sheet dates set forth below:December 31,Customer20182017A23%49%B24%*C24%*D13%*E12%41%*less than 10%Recent accounting pronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 201602, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising fromleases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a rightofuse asset and a lease liability forthe majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a shortterm lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments.The rightofuse asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. Thestandard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 201602 isrequired to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. TheCompany will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Due to its immaterial lease commitments at December 31, 2018,the Company expect the impact of the standard adoption to increase its assets and liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet. These increases will result fromthe recognition of its existing rightofuse and liabilities required by ASU 201602.In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 201613, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, whichwill be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred lossimpairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. TheCompany is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201704, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removesStep 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reportingunit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASUshould be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisstandard on its consolidated financial statements.F18Table of ContentsNOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONSBusiness combinations in 2018:During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed a business combination, to complement its businesses and achieve synergies. Results of theacquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition dates.August 31,2018Purchase consideration$60,000,000Net assets acquired,Cash612,692Deposit and other receivables (current)615,424Accounts receivable238,324Prepayment1,176Deposit and other receivables (noncurrent)99,066Property, plant and equipment41,435Intangible assets54,575,027Short term borrowing(117,238)Receipt in advance(138,860)Wages payable(84,537)Tax payable(14,637)Other payable(316,536)Goodwill4,488,664Goodwill, which is nondeductible for tax purpose, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisition. Refer to Note 9 for details.The valuations used in the purchase price allocation described above were determined by the Company with the assistance of an independent thirdparty valuationfirm. The valuation report considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the relief from royalty method. As the acquiree is a private company, thefair value estimate is based on significant inputs that market participants would consider, which mainly include (a) discount rates, (b) a projected terminal valuesbased on future cash flows (c) financial multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustments for lack of control or lack of marketability.The pro forma results of operations for these subsidiaries have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, eitherindividually or in the aggregate.NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXAt December 31, 2018, the Company had unused net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 30,529,390 for income tax purposes, which expire between 2019to 2023. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, these net operating losses carryforwards may result in future income tax benefits of approximately$6,230,296,$5,043,944 and $4,008,863, respectively, however, because realization is uncertain at this time, a valuation allowance in the same amount has been established.Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and theamounts used for income tax purposes.Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:December 31,December 31,20182017Deferred tax liabilities$$Deferred tax assetNet operating loss carryforward6,230,2965,043,944Valuation allowance(6,230,296)(5,043,944)Net deferred tax assetF19Table of ContentsMovement of valuation allowanceDecember 31,2018December 31,2017At the beginning of the year$5,043,944$4,008,863Acquisition of subsidiary500,934Current year addition1,054,992823,970Expired(74,735)(61,411)Exchange difference(294,839)272,522At the end of the year6,230,2965,043,944The Company is not subject to taxation in BVI under the current BVI law. Subsidiaries operating in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax at the statutoryrate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Two of our subsidiaries qualify for hightechnology enterprises and benefit from a preferential taxrate of 15%. They are qualified as a “hightechnology enterprise” until the end of the November 2021 and October 2021, respectively. Subsidiaries operating in HongKong are subject to Hong Kong income taxes at a rate of 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.A reconciliation of the income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current PRC statutory tax rate of 25% to the loss before income taxes in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive income is as follows:December 31,December 31,December 31,201820172016Loss before income taxes$(11,853,527)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Tax loss at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%(2,874,005)(1,564,147)(3,392,837)Nondeductible items5,013,6366,637,8181,701,180Nontaxable items(3,538,631)(3,789,956)(662,512)Change in valuation allowance1,054,992823,9702,159,518Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions17,2214106,015Effect of 15% preferential rate for certain PRC subsidiaries252,778(2,108,095)188,636Income tax expense(74,009)NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accounts receivable consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017Accounts receivable$25,041,576$10,406,602Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(2,379,982)(676,977)$22,661,594$9,729,625F20Table of ContentsNOTE 6 – OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, other receivables and prepayment consisted of the following:December 31,2018December 31,2017CurrentAdvances to suppliers$447,061$339,701VAT recoverable (1)945,1991,681,495Advances to business partners (2)1,165,637Other279,248385,1752,837,1452,406,371Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(88,145)(29,626)$2,749,000$2,376,745NoncurrentLoan to employees77,434Deposit for car58,282Others14,570$150,286(1)The balance of advanced VAT represents input VAT available for deducting the amount of VAT paid in the future. During the years ended December 31, 2018and 2017, the Group purchased a large amount of WiFi equipment for deployments, which generated related input VAT approved by the relevant tax authority.(2)The advances to two business partners are unsecured, interestfree and repayable in June 2019.NOTE 7 – AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATEDPARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due from related parties consisted of the following:Name of related partyDecember 31,2018December 31,2017C Media Limited (1)$4,731,841$11,760,692Ya Tuo Ji International Consultancy (Beijing) Limited (2)203,857204,412(1)C Media Limited is controlled by Mr. Xuesong Song, the CEO and Chairman of the Company (“Mr. Song”). C Media Limited has taken up certain receivablesand investments from the Company’s subsidiaries in previous years. The Company expects the amount will be returned to the Company in 2019.(2)Ya Tuo Ji is a company controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song. The loan is unsecured, interestfree and repayable on July 5, 2019. The original payment date wasJanuary 5, 2019.NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Useful life20182017WiFi equipment3 Years$9,003,392$8,711,424Vehicles5 Years3,520Office and other equipment3 – 5 Years213,601170,242Constructioninprogress2,166,4529,220,51311,048,118Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment(8,322,506)(6,003,246)$898,007$5,044,872For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense amounted to $2,897,135, $2,628,884 and $2,474,434, respectively, of which $2,806,811,$2,423,655 and 2,194,582, respectively, was included in cost of revenue, and $5,872, $117,648 and 121,740, respectively, was included in selling and marketingexpenses and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense.The Company recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $1,228,362, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively,for idled WiFi equipment.Included in constructioninprogress were WiFi equipment under construction. F21Table of ContentsNOTE 9 – INTANGABLE ASSETS, NETAs of December 31, 2018Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,179,437$3,178,785$652Trademarks1,243,4431,243,443Patents54,572,1271,808,78152,763,346$58,995,007$6,231,009$52,763,998As of December 31, 2017Gross carryingvalueAccumulatedamortizationand impairmentNet carryingvalueSoftware$3,339,523$2,185,438$1,154,085Trademarks1,306,0511,305,939112$4,645,574$3,491,377$1,154,197The Company recognized an impairment loss on software of $724,437, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the railwayplatform software which was replaced by the software developed by Suzhou Superengine.Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2,223,592, $613,066 and $642,913 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.As of December 31, 2018, future minimum amortization expenses in respect of intangible assets are as follows:Year ending December 31,Principal2019$5,457,67320205,457,40520215,457,21320225,457,21320235,457,213Thereafter25,477,281$52,763,998NOTE 10 – GOODWILLIn September of 2014, Zhong Chuan Shi Xun acquired a 100% interest in Zhong Chuan Rui You for a consideration of $7,391,894 (RMB48,000,000). Zhong Chuan RuiYou is primarily engaged in ontrain WiFi business, deploying WiFi equipment on trains and providing passengers with entertainment and information services ontrains. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Zhong Chuan Rui You was $151,958 (RMB963,000) and goodwill of $7,239,936 was recorded.In August of 2018, LK Technology acquired a 100% interest in Superengine Holding Limited for a consideration of $60,000,000, which was paid by the issuance ofordinary shares of the Company in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shareson the NASDAQ Capital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Superengine possesses patented technologies in spatialtemporal big dataindexing, storage, transmission and visualization that can be used in vector maps, HD intelligent maps, interactive location services, smart cities, intelligenttransportation systems, mapping and surveying, remote sensing and monitoring. The book value of the identifiable net assets of Superengine was $1,440,349, anintangible asset of $54,070,987 and goodwill of $4,488,664 were recorded. Refer to Note 3 for details.F22Table of ContentsNOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,20182017CurrentAccrued payroll$535,181$143,998VAT payable2,200,6542,192,898Individual tax payable205,917Other loans (1)4,322,1065,370,535Advertising payable (2)18,902,3855,852,359Other payable2,073,2342,929,076$28,239,477$16,488,866NoncurrentOther loans (1)$244,755$(1)Other loans primarily consist of loans from third parties for working capital purpose, payable on various date from April 7, 2019 to May 16, 2020. Other loans of$655,671 and $939,555, respectively as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are unsecured and bear annual interest at the rate of 7.2% and a daily interest rate at0.04%, respectively. The remaining other loans are unsecured and interestfree.(2)Advertising payable represents the payments owed to the vendors that provide advertising activities for the Company to promote the Luokuang mobileapplication.NOTE 12 – AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIESAt December 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:December 31,December 31,Name of related party20182017Mr. Song (1)$1,010,041$2,921,639Vision Capital Profits Limited (2)$1,751,395$Thumb Beijing Branch (3)$$612,103Thumb Shenzhen Branch (3)$611,266$29,941Mrs. Song (4)$5,329(1)The Company’s CEO(2)Vision Capital Profits Limited is controlled by Mr. Song.(3)Thumb Beijing and Shenzhen Branch are controlled by the spouse of Mr. Song.(4)The spouse of Mr. Song.Amounts due to related parties are noninterest bearing, unsecured and payable on demand.NOTE 13 SHARE CAPITALPrior to the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless had 1,685,000 common shares issued and outstanding.On August 17, 2018, in connection with the Asset Exchange, on September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parentof LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 of our preferred shares.On September 20, 2018, the Company issued to the shareholders of Superengine Holding Limited, 12,219,959 of ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share.As of December 31, 2018, we had 199,317,558 common shares issued and outstanding.F23Table of ContentsNOTE 14 – RETIREMENT AND WELFARE BENEFITSThe Group’s fulltime employees are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, casualty, housing benefits, education benefits, unemployment insuranceand pension benefits through a PRC governmentmandated multiemployer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue the employerportion forthese benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits of $289,679, $170,227 and $353,033 during theyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $9,945, $23,392 and $30,455, respectively, was charged to cost of revenue, $76,971, $48,957 and$97,408, respectively was charged to selling and marketing expenses, $75,104, $49,717 and $86,934, respectively, was charged to general and administrative expensesand $127,660, $48,161 and $138,236, respectively was charged to research and development expenses. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan out ofthe amounts accrued for all staff welfare benefits except for education benefits. The PRC government is responsible for the staff welfare benefits including medicalcare, casualty, housing benefits, unemployment insurance and pension benefits to be paid to these employees.NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVESAs stipulated by the relevant law and regulations in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC are required to maintain a nondistributable statutorysurplus reserve. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be made at not less than 10% of profit after taxes as reported in the subsidiaries’statutory financial statements prepared under PRC GAAP. Once appropriated, these amounts are not available for future distribution to owners or shareholders.Once the general reserve accumulates to 50% of the subsidiaries’ registered capital, the subsidiaries can choose not to provide more reserves. The statutory reservemay be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production and increase in registered capital of thesubsidiaries. The Group allocated $Nil to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The statutory reserves cannotbe transferred to the Company in the form of loans or advances and are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating leasesWe have entered into operating lease agreements primarily for our office spaces in China. These leases expire through 2019 and are renewable upon negotiation.Future minimum rental payment required under the Office Lease is as follows:Year ending December 31:Amount2019$268,128ContingenciesLawsuit with Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd.On August 22, 2014, Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Gansu Jinlun”) signed a “Lanzhou Railway Bureau Airconditioned Train WiFi Network System Advertising Operation Rights Agreement” for advertising on 72 trains of $1,467,880 (RMB9,604,633). Due to a dispute on the projectimplementation, Zhong Chuan Rui You did not pay the advertising fee. On August 23, 2017, Gansu Jinlun filed a lawsuit with Gansu Intermediate People’s Court. OnDecember 19, 2017, Gansu Intermediate People’s Court issued a verdict, ruling that Zhong Chuan Rui You settle the overdue advertising fee.Zhong Chuan Rui You and Gansu Jinlun are negotiating a potential settlement to resume the contract. According to legal counsel, it is probable that the settlementwill amount to approximately $459,000 (RMB3,000,000); therefore, this amount has been accrued in accounts payable.NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTOn January 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000.F24EX4.26 2 f20f2018ex426_luokungtech.htm SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTExhibit 4.26SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of January ____, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Luokung TechnologyCorp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (the “Company”) and Honbridge Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Purchaser”).RECITALSWHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 ofthe Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulations D and S thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and thePurchaser desires to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration thereceipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:ARTICLE I.DEFINITIONS1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with aPerson as such terms are used in, and construed, under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.“Assets” means all of the properties and assets of the Company, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, wherever located, whether nowowned or hereafter acquired.“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.“Business Day” means any calendar day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day onwhich banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.“Claims” means any Proceedings, Judgments, Obligations, threats, losses, damages, deficiencies, settlements, assessments, charges, costs and expenses ofany nature or kind.“Closing” means the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing.“Closing Date” means the day on which the Initial Closing and the Subsequent Closing have been consummated.“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“Company Intellectual Property” means Company Owned Intellectual Property and Company Licensed Intellectual Property.“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property licensed to any Group Company necessary for the business ascurrently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means any and all the intellectual property owned by any Group Company necessary for the business as currentlyconducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.“Consent” means any consent, approval, order or authorization of, or any declaration, filing or registration with, or any application or report to, or anywaiver by, or any other action (whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing) of, by or with, any Person, which is necessary in order to take a specified actionor actions, in a specified manner and/or to achieve a specific result.“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, order or commitment of any nature whatsoever, including, any sales order, purchase order, lease,sublease, license agreement, services agreement, loan agreement, mortgage, security agreement, guarantee, management contract, employment agreement,consulting agreement, partnership agreement, shareholders agreement, buy sell agreement, option, warrant, debenture, subscription, call or put.“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whetherthrough the ownership of 50% or more of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.“Environmental Requirements” means all Laws and requirements relating to human, health, safety or protection of the environment or to emissions,discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or Hazardous Materials in the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surfacewater, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), or otherwise relating to the treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of any Hazardous Materials.“Equity Securities” means, with respect to a given Person, any share, share capital, registered capital, ownership interest, partnership interest, equityinterest, joint venture or other ownership interest of such Person, or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase any of the foregoing, or anyother security or instrument convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, or any equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan orsimilar right with respect to such Person, or any Contract of any kind for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, either directly orindirectly.“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the 12month periodending December 31, 2017; the unaudited consolidated balance sheets and profit and loss statements for the Company as of and for the ninemonth period endingSeptember 30, 2018; and the unaudited balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flow for each Group Company that is a PRC entity as of and forthe ninemonth period ending September 30, 2018 prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP, of which each Financial Statement is included in Section 3.1(h) of theDisclosure Schedules.“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles, methods and practices set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the AccountingPrinciples Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, theSEC or of such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the U.S. accounting profession, in each case as of the date or period at issue, and asapplied in the U.S. to U.S. companies.Page 2 of 28“Governmental Authority” means any foreign, federal, state or local government, or any political subdivision thereof, or any court, agency or other body,organization, group, stock market or exchange exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, quasijudicial, regulatory or administrative function of government.“Group Companies” means the Company and any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, including and each a “Group Company”.“Hazardous Materials” means: (i) any petroleum or petroleum products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation and transformers or other equipment that contain dielectric fluid containing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s); (ii) anychemicals, materials, substances or wastes which are now or hereafter become defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances,” “hazardouswastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants” or words of similar import,under any Law; and (iii) any other chemical, material, substance, or waste, exposure to which is now or hereafter prohibited, limited or regulated by anyGovernmental Authority.“Initial Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1“Initial Closing Date” means the day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and allconditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Initial Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Initial Shares, in eachcase, have been satisfied or waived.“Initial Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Initial Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Judgment” means any order, writ, injunction, fine, citation, award, decree, stipulation or determination or any other judgment of any nature whatsoever ofany Governmental Authority.“Key Employees” means Song Xuesong (宋雪松), Peng Kegang (彭克刚), Li Baomin (李宝民), Dong Futian (董福田), Jeff Zeng, Hong Ting (洪婷), MaoCheng (毛成), Li Gang (李刚), Zhao JiAn (赵继安), Fan Zhenhua (范振华), Patrick Zeng and Zhang Dongpu (张东普).“Law” means any provision of any law, statute, ordinance, code, constitution, charter, treaty, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority.“Leases” means all leases for real or personal property.“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, mortgage, easement, leasehold, assessment, tax,covenant, restriction, reservation, conditional sale, prior assignment, or any other encumbrance, claim, burden or charge of any nature whatsoever.“Losses” means any and all losses, reduction of cost basis for Tax purposes, Claims, damages, diminution in value of the Group or any Group Company, theOrdinary Shares, liabilities and expenses (joint or several), including reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees and expenses, court costs, settlement amounts, costsof investigation, preparing, compromising or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any Claim whatsoever and interest thereon from the timesuch amounts are due at the highest nonusurious rate of interest permitted by applicable Law, to which any of the Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5.1) maybecome subject.Page 3 of 28“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to the event, item or question at issue, that such event, item or question would not have or reasonably beexpected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; (ii) a materialadverse effect on the results of operations, Assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, eitherindividually or taken as a whole; (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to perform, on a timely basis, its or their respectiveObligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Documents; or (iv) a material adverse effect on Purchaser’s ability to sell or dispose of any of the Shares inaccordance with applicable securities Laws.“Material Contract” shall mean any Contract to which any Group Company is a party or by which any Group Company, or any of their Assets, are boundand which: (i) is relating to the formation, creation, operation, management or Control of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar arrangement;(ii) involves a loan (other than accounts receivable from trade debtors in the ordinary course of business) or advance to (other than travel and entertainmentallowances to the employees of any Group Company extended in the ordinary course of business), or investment in, any Person, of more than US$100,000 in anycalendar year on its face; (iii) involves indebtedness of any Group Company of more than US$100,000; (iv) contains a right of first refusal, put, call or similar rightpursuant to which any Group Company could be required to purchase or sell, as applicable, any equity interests of any Person or material assets; (v) involvesaggregate expenditure of US$100,000 or more to or from any Group Company; (vi) involves delivery, purchase, licensing or provision, by or to any Group Companyfollowing the date of this Agreement, of any goods, services, assets or other items having a value (or potential value) over the term of such Contract of US$100,000or more or is otherwise material to the conduct of any Group Company’s business as now conducted and as contemplated to be conducted in the future; (vii)involves a Lease; (viii) imposes any guaranty, surety or indemnification Obligations on any Group Company; (ix) may result in the loss or create more liability of anyGroup Company or to lose the benefit of any right, licence or privilege that any Group Company enjoys currently involving an amount of more than US$100,000; (x)prohibits any Group Company from engaging in any business or competing anywhere in the world; (xi) involves patents, or any other intellectual property that ismaterial to any Group Company; (xii) contains provisions on exclusivity, “change in control”, rights of first refusal or similar rights, or grants a power of attorney,agency or similar authority; (xiii) involves the sale, issuance, grant, exercise, award, purchase, repurchase or redemption of my Equity Securities of any GroupCompany, or the acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by any Group Company involving an amount of not less than US$100,000; (xiv) any Contractpursuant to which any Person obtains Control of any Group Company; (xv) was not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or is otherwise than by way of abargain at arm’s length; (xvi) is of a longterm nature (that is to say, unlikely to be fully performed within six months of it being entered into); (xvii) requires the GroupCompany to give more than 60 days’ notice to effect its termination; (xviii) involves the waiver, compromise or settlement of any Proceeding; (xix) is any otheragreement or arrangement having or likely to have a material effect on the financial or trading position or prospects of any Group Company; or (xx) is a bid, tender,proposal or offer which, if accepted, would result in any Group Company becoming a party to any agreement or arrangement of a kind described in any ofparagraphs (i) to (xix) herein.“Obligation” means any debt, liability or obligation of any nature whatsoever, whether secured, unsecured, recourse, nonrecourse, liquidated, unliquidated,accrued, absolute, fixed, contingent, ascertained, unascertained, known, unknown or obligations under executory Contracts.Page 4 of 28“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to quantity, qualityand frequency).“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary share of the Company, par value US$0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities mayhereafter be reclassified or changed.“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$6.00 per share of Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock combinations andother similar transactions of the Ordinary Share that may occur after the date of this Agreement.“Permit” means any license, permit, approval, waiver, order, authorization, right or privilege of any nature whatsoever, granted, issued, approved or allowedby any Governmental Authority.“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, jointstock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.“PRC GAAP” means the PRC generally accepted accounting principles and practices as in effect from time to time.“Principal Trading Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the OTC Markets,including the Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets, the NYSE Euronext or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or marketfor the Common Stock.“Proceeding” means any demand, claim, suit, action, litigation, investigation, audit, study, arbitration, administrative hearing, or any other proceeding ofany nature whatsoever.“Real Property” means any real estate, land, building, structure, improvement, fixture or other real property of any nature whatsoever, including, but notlimited to, fee and leasehold interests.“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.“SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC and /or its local counterparts.“SAFE Rules and Regulations” means any and all applicable rules, regulations, guidelines and reporting and registration requirements issued by SAFE.“Sanctions” means any sanction from time to time administrated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury(“OFAC”), or by the United States Department of State or by Her Majesty’s Treasury or any sanctions imposed by the European Union (including under CouncilRegulation (EC) No.194/2008), the United Nations Security Council or any other relevant Governmental Authority and any activities sanctionable under theComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, as amended or the Iran Sanctions Act, as amended.“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).Page 5 of 28“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SarbanesOxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules andRegulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in SarbanesOxley) promulgated or approved bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable state securities laws and regulations.“Shares” shall mean the Initial Shares and the Subsequent Shares.“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the locationand/or reservation of borrowable shares of Ordinary Share).“Subscription Amount” means the amount calculated by multiplying the Shares to be purchased by the Per Share Purchase Price in United States dollarsand in immediately available funds.“Subsequent Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Closing Date” means the day on all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subsequent Subscription Amount and(ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Subsequent Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.“Subsequent Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsequent Subscription Amount” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed oracquired after the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Subsidiaries of the Company shall include MMB Limited, Mobile Media (China) Limited andSuperEngine Holding Limited, Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) Limited (中传天下信息科技(北京)有限公司), Zhong Chuan Tian XiaInformation and Technology (Shenzhen) Limited (中传天下信息科技(深圳)有限公司), Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (北京中传视讯科技有限公司), Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (江苏中传瑞有信息科技有限公司), Huoerguosi Luokuang Information andTechnology Limited (霍尔果斯箩筐信息科技有限公司), Shenzhen Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (深圳市九州时代数码科技有限公司) SuzhouSuperengine Graphics Software Technology Development Co., Ltd. (苏州超擎图形软件科技发展有限公司) and Anhui Superengine Intelligent and TechnologyLimited (安徽超擎智能科技有限公司).“Tax” means (i) any foreign, federal, state or local income, profits, gross receipts, franchise, sales, use, occupancy, general property, real property, personalproperty, intangible property, transfer, fuel, excise, accumulated earnings, personal holding company, unemployment compensation, social security, withholdingtaxes, payroll taxes, or any other tax of any nature whatsoever, (ii) any foreign, federal, state or local organization fee, qualification fee, annual report fee, filing fee,occupation fee, or any other fee or charge of such nature whatsoever, or (iii) any deficiency, interest or penalty imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.Page 6 of 28“Tax Return” means any tax return, filing, declaration, information statement or other form or document required to be filed in connection with or withrespect to any Tax.“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, and any other documents or agreements executed between the Company and the Purchaser inconnection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.“Transfer Agent” means Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite505.Hackensack, NJ 07601, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.ARTICLE II.PURCHASE AND SALE2.1 Closing.(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, 2,000,000 shares ofOrdinary Shares of the Company (the “Shares”). Upon receiving 50% of the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount on the Initial Closing Date (the “Initial SubscriptionAmount”) and the delivery by the Purchaser of the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Initial Closing, the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company (the “Initial Shares”) to the Purchaser on the Initial Closing Date. The Company shall file a Registration Statement onForm F3 with the SEC seeking registration of the Shares for resale before the deadline provided in Section 4.5(d) (the “Registration Statement”).(b) Within five (5) Business Days of the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.3, the Company shall have the right to require thePurchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares by delivering to the Purchaser, by facsimile and overnight courier, an irrevocable written notice that the Company hasexercised its right to require the Purchaser to purchase the Subsequent Shares (the “Subsequent Closing Notice”). The Purchaser shall pay the remainingSubscription Amount (namely, US$6,000,000) (the “Subsequent Subscription Amount”) by wire transfer to the bank account designated by the Company within five(5) Business Days of the date receiving the Subsequent Closing Notice and the Company shall deliver the 1,000,000 shares of the Ordinary Shares of the Company(the “Subsequent Shares”) (without any restrictive legend) to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount(the “Subsequent Closing”). If the SEC only approves the effectiveness of the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Initial Shares, the Purchaser shallnotify the Company in writing or sending a notice via email at yujie@luokung.com whether it shall purchase the Subsequent Shares within seven (7) calendar daysof the date on which the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Initial Shares is removed. The purchase price shall still be fixed at US$6.00 per Share.The Company shall deliver the Subsequent Shares to the Purchaser within three (3) Business Days of the payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amount andshall file a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Subsequent Shares within four weeks after the date of payment of the Subsequent Subscription Amountby the Purchaser. If the condition set forth in Section 2.3(b)(viii) has not occurred by the date that is nine (9) months after the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser’sobligation to purchase the Subsequent Shares shall be terminated. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company and the Purchaser shall sign a separate agreement ifthe Purchaser wants to purchase any Ordinary Share after a period of the nine (9) months from the Initial Closing Date.Page 7 of 282.2 Closing Deliveries.(a) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser each of the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Initial Shares equal to thePurchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser.(b) On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser; and(ii) the Purchaser’s Initial Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.(c) On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a copy of the irrevocable instructionsto the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver the Subsequent Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount divided by thePer Share Purchase Price, in the name of the Purchaser. On or prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to theCompany, as applicable, the Purchaser’s Subsequent Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the bank account directed by the Company.2.3 Closing Conditions.(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed; and(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate.(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with a Closing are subject to the following conditions being met at or before the applicableClosing Date:(i) the Company having obtained all necessary approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice for the entering into of thisAgreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder from Governmental Authority or other parties (including but not limited to creditors, investors orstakeholders) and such approval, license, consent, authorization, waiver, order or notice has not been revoked before such Closing Date (if applicable);(ii) the accuracy when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless asof a specific date therein in which case they will be accurate as of such date). Purchaser shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company,to the foregoing in the form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser;Page 8 of 28(iii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have beenperformed;(iv) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) or (c) (if applicable) of this Agreement on or prior to such ClosingDate;(v) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in itsjurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of such ClosingDate;(vi) the Company shall have delivered to Purchaser a certificate, in the form acceptable to Purchaser, executed by the Secretary of theCompany dated as of each Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3.1(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonablyacceptable to Purchaser, (ii) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association as in effect at such Closing.(vii) the Ordinary Shares (I) shall be listed on the Nasdaq and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of such Closing Date, by theCommission or the Nasdaq from trading nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Nasdaq have been threatened, as of such Closing Date, either (A) in writingby the Commission or Nasdaq or (B) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq market;(viii) prior to the Subsequent Closing Date, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Shares thereby shall have been declaredeffective under the Securities Act by the Commission and shall remain effective, and the Purchaser shall be permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell suchShares;(ix) if requested by the Purchaser from and after the date the Registration Statement has been declared effective, the Company shallrequest its transfer agent to remove the restrictive legend on the certificates representing the Shares; and(x) no event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.ARTICLE III.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as indicated in the SEC Reports or, if not indicated in the SEC Reports, as set forth anddisclosed in the Company’s disclosure schedules (“Disclosure Schedules”) attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof, the Company hereby represents andwarrants to the Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Initial Closing Date and the Subsequent Closing Date, which the Company might provideupdates for representations and warranties before the Subsequent Closing Date, as follows:(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries, if any, is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized and validlyexisting under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, with the requisitepower and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Group Company is qualified to do businessin each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. Each Group Company that is a PRC entity has a valid business license issued by the State Administration forIndustry and Commerce or its local branch or other relevant Governmental Authorities (a true and complete copy of which has been made available to the Purchaserfor inspection), and has, since its establishment, carried on its business in compliance with the business scope set forth in its business license. Each representationand warranty contained in this Article III or otherwise set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed to mean and be construed to include the Company and eachGroup Company, as applicable, regardless of whether each of such representations and warranties in Article III specifically refers to the Group Companies or not.Page 9 of 28(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactionscontemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The executionand delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated herebyand thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directorsor the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith.(c) Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing orregistration with, any governmental authority or any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with theexecution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents or the offer, issue and sale of the Shares, other than: (i) the disclosure filingrequired for this Agreement, or (ii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. All Consents which the Company is required toobtain pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not aware of any facts orcircumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.(d) No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactionscontemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance of any of the Shares, will not: (i) constitute a violation of or conflict with any provision of the Company’sor any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; (ii) constitute a violation of, or a default or breachunder (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, or gives to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment,acceleration or cancellation of, any provision of any Contract to which Company is a party or by which any of its Assets or properties may be bound; (iii) constitutea violation of, or a default or breach under (either immediately, upon notice, upon lapse of time, or both), or conflicts with, any Judgment; (iv) constitute a violationof, or conflict with, any Law (including United States federal and state securities Laws and the rules and regulations of any market or exchange on which theOrdinary Shares are quoted); or (v) result in the loss or adverse modification of, or the imposition of any fine, penalty or other Liens with respect to, any Permitgranted or issued to, or otherwise held by or for the use of, Company or any of Company’s Assets. The Company is not in violation of its Memorandum ofAssociation and Articles of Association or other organizational or governing documents and the Company is not in default or breach (and no event has occurredwhich with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default or breach) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any actionthat would give to any other Person any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Contract to which the Company is a party or by whichany property or Assets of the Company are bound or affected.(e) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Company and their issue and sale are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for inaccordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of all Liens with respect tothe issue thereof, and will be issued in compliance with all applicable Securities Laws.Page 10 of 28(f) Group Structure and Capitalization. Section 3.1 (f) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate structure chart of the Groupimmediately after the Closing.(a) As of the date hereof, each Group Company that is a PRC entity is duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the PRC. Immediatelyprior to the Closing, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, of which 199,317,558 Ordinary Shares are issued andoutstanding. Immediately prior to the Closing, the Ordinary Shares shall be quoted on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “LKCO.”(b) All the share capital or registered capital of each Group Company outstanding as of the date hereof has been validly issued and are fully paidor contributed and nonassessable. No share capital or registered capital of any Group Company is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or anyLiens.(c) As of the date hereof: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any characterwhatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or Contracts, commitments,understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries, or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities orrights convertible into, any Shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements,credit facilities or other Contracts or instruments evidencing indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or by which the Company or any of itssubsidiaries is or may become bound; (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements with respect to the Company or any of its securities; (iv) there are noagreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act(except pursuant to this Agreement); (v) there are no financing statements securing obligations filed in connection with any Group Company or any of its Assets;(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or theconsummation of the transactions described herein or therein; and (vii) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of any Group Company which contain anyredemption or similar provisions, and there are no Contracts by which any Group Company is or may become bound to redeem Equity Securities of any GroupCompany.(d) As of the date hereof: (i) there is no resolution pending to increase the share capital or registered capital of any Group Company or cause theliquidation, winding up, or dissolution of any Group Company, nor has any distress, execution or other process been levied against any Group Company; (ii) there isno outstanding Contract under which any Person purchases or otherwise acquires, or has the right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any interest in the share capitalor registered capital of any Group Company; (iii) there is no dividend which has accrued or been declared by any Group Company; and (iv) there is no outstandingor authorized equity appreciation, phantom equity, equity plan or similar right with respect to any Group Company.(e) There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to any of the Equity Securities of anyGroup Company to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.Page 11 of 28(g) SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under theSecurities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as theCompany was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto, documents incorporated by referencetherein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”). The Company is current with its filing obligations under the Exchange Act and all SECDocuments have been filed on a timely basis or the Company has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Document prior to theexpiration of any such extension. The Company represents and warrants that true and complete copies of the SEC Documents are available on the Commission’swebsite (www.sec.gov) at no charge to Purchaser, and Purchaser acknowledges that it may retrieve all SEC Documents from such website and Purchaser’s access tosuch SEC Documents through such website shall constitute delivery of the SEC Documents to Purchaser; provided, however, that if Purchaser is unable to obtainany of such SEC Documents from such website at no charge, as result of such website not being available or any other reason beyond Purchaser’s control, thenupon request from Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser true and complete copies of such SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the SECDocuments complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with theCommission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make thestatements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or hasbeen, required to be amended or updated under applicable Law (except as such statements have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the datehereof, which amendments or updates are also part of the SEC Documents). To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, no other information provided by oron behalf of the Company to Purchaser which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any materialfact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made, not misleading.(h) Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to the Purchaser on the date hereof a complete and accurate copy of the Financial Statements. As oftheir respective dates, the Financial Statements of the Company complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rulesand regulations of the SEC with respect thereto.(a) All of the Financial Statements: (i) have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of relevant Group Company; and inaccordance with GAAP or PRC GAAP with respect to the Group Company that is a PRC entity, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (a) as maybe otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto; or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotesor may be condensed or summary statements); (ii) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position and financial performance of the GroupCompany as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unauditedstatements, to normal yearend audit adjustments); and (iii) are not misleading in any material respect and neither materially overstate the value of assets normaterially understate the liabilities of the Group Company as of the dates to which they were drawn up and do not materially overstate the profits of the GroupCompany in respect of the periods to which they relate.(b) Offbalance Sheet Transactions. No Group Company has entered into any offbalance sheet transactions or arrangements.Page 12 of 28(i) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be anAffiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.(j) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date the last of the SEC Documents was filed with the SEC, none of the following have occurred:(a) any event or circumstance of any nature whatsoever that, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected toresult in, a Material Adverse Effect;(b) any transaction, event, action, development, payment, or any other matter of any nature whatsoever entered into by the Company whichconstitutes a Material Contract;(c) any material change or amendment to a Material Contract or any constitutional document of any Group Company;(d) any increase in the wages, salaries or other payments of the Key Employees by more than 15% in a year;(e) any declaration, setting aside or payment or other distribution in respect of any of such Group Company’s Equity Securities, or any direct orindirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any of such Equity Securities by such Group Company; or(f) any change in the accounting methods or practices, of any Group Company.(k) Absence of Litigation or Adverse Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.1(k) of the Disclosure Schedules, (i) There is no Proceeding or Judgment witha Material Adverse Effect on the execution and performance of this Agreement or other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party; (ii) there is noProceeding before or by any Governmental Authority or any other Person, pending, or the best of Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by, against oraffecting any Group Company, its business or Assets, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no event or circumstance that may form a basis for any suchProceeding. The foregoing includes, without limitation, Proceedings pending or threatened against the Company, any other Group Companies or the business of theGroup Companies (or any basis therefor known to any Group Company) involving the prior employment of any employee of any Group Company, their use inconnection with the business of the Group Companies of any information or techniques allegedly proprietary to any of their former employers, or their obligationsunder any agreements with former employers; (iii) there is no outstanding Judgments against or affecting any Group Company, its business or Assets; (iv) there isno Proceeding by any Group Company that is currently pending or that any Group Company currently intends to initiate; (v) there is no material Proceeding pendingor, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any Group Company or any director, officer or employee with respect to their business or proposedbusiness activities; (vi) the Group Company is not in breach or violation of any Contract; and (vii) the Group Company has not received any material complaint fromany customer, supplier, vendor or employee.(l) Liabilities and Indebtedness of the Company. The Company does not have any Obligations of any nature whatsoever, except: (i) as disclosed in theFinancial Statements and in Section 3.1(l) of the Disclosure Schedules; or (ii) Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the lastFinancial Statements filed by the Company with the SEC which do not or would not, individually or in the aggregate, exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) orotherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.Page 13 of 28(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its Assets which are material to the business andoperations of the Company as presently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances or restrictions on the transfer or use of same. Except as would not have aMaterial Adverse Effect, the Company’s Assets are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are free of any latent or patentdefects which might impair their usefulness, and are suitable for the purposes for which they are currently used and for the purposes for which they are proposed tobe used.(n) Real Estate.(a) Real Property Ownership. The Company does not own any Real Property.(b) Real Property Leases. Section 3.1(n) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete description of locations that are the subject ofleases, subleases and other agreements under which any Group Company uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any real property (each lease a “RealProperty Lease” and the properties governed by such Real Property Leases are referred to herein as “Leased Properties”), in each case including (i) the address ofeach such Leased Property and (ii) the general nature of the current use of each such Leased Property. There is no material breach nor any material nonobservanceof any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Real Property Lease on the part of either the relevant landlord or the Group Company. There are norestrictions in any Real Property Lease which prevent the Leased Properties from being used for their present use. With respect to each Real Property Lease: (i) theGroup Company has been in peaceful possession of the property leased thereunder and neither the Group Company nor the landlord is in default thereunder; (ii) nowaiver, indulgence or postponement of any of the Obligations thereunder has been granted by the Group Company or landlord thereunder; and (iii) there exists noevent, occurrence, condition or act known to the Group Company which, upon notice or lapse of time or both, would be or could become a default thereunder orwhich could result in the termination of the Real Property Leases, or any of them, or have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Group Company, itsAssets or its operations or financial results. The Group Company has not violated nor breached any provision of any such Real Property Leases, and all Obligationsrequired to be performed by the Group Company under any of such Real Property Leases have been fully, timely and properly performed. If requested by Purchaser,the Group Company has delivered to Purchaser true, correct and complete copies of all Real Property Leases, including all modifications and amendments thereto,whether in writing or otherwise. The Group Company has not received any written or oral notice to the effect that any of the Real Property Leases will not berenewed at the termination of the term of such Real Property Leases, or that any of such Real Property Leases will be renewed only at higher rents. All the materialproperties leased or occupied by each Group Company are under valid and enforceable leases or agreements.(o) Material Contracts. Section 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedules contains a true and complete list of all Material Contracts, and a copy of each MaterialContract has been provided by the Company to the Purchaser. There are no outstanding offers, bids, proposals or quotations made by Company which, if accepted,would create a Material Contract with Company. Each Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a valid and binding Obligation of the parties thereto inaccordance with the terms and conditions thereof. Each Material Contract is negotiated on arm’s length basis and is in the Ordinary Course of Business and is not ofan unusual or abnormal nature. To the knowledge of the Company and its officers, all Obligations required to be performed under the terms of each of the MaterialContracts by any party thereto have been fully performed by all parties thereto, and no party to any Material Contracts is in default with respect to any term orcondition thereof, nor has any event occurred which, through the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder or wouldcause the acceleration or modification of any Obligation of any party thereto or the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of the Assets of the Company. Further,the Company has received no notice, nor does the Company have any knowledge, of any pending or contemplated termination of any of the Material Contracts and,no such termination is proposed or has been threatened, whether in writing or orally.Page 14 of 28(p) Compliance with Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in material compliance with all Laws, including the anticorruption laws. The Companyhas not received any notice that it is in violation of, has violated, or is under investigation with respect to, or has been threatened to be charged with, any violationof any Law.(q) Permits. Each Group Company possesses all Permits necessary to conduct its business, and the Group Company has not received any notice of, or isotherwise involved in any Proceedings relating to, the revocation or modification of any such Permits. All such Permits are valid and in full force and effect and theGroup Company is in material compliance with the respective requirements of all such Permits.(r) Intellectual Property. The Group Companies own or possess adequate and legally enforceable rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, tradesecrets and all other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct its business as now conducted.(a) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies own all right, title and interest in and to the Company Owned Intellectual Property, orhas all necessary and valid rights to use in the business under valid and enforceable licenses or agreements under all Company Licensed Intellectual Property. Thelicense fees, maintenance fees and other fees (if any) in respect of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property have been paid. All of the Company IntellectualProperty is subsisting, valid and enforceable and is free and clear of all Liens.(b) There is no notice, claim or assertion challenging the inventorship, validity, ownership, enforceability, or right of the Group Companies to use,any item of the Company Intellectual Property. There is no actual, pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim, Proceeding, opposition, reexamination, interference, invalidation, or cancellation proceeding with respect thereto.(c) Section 3.1(r) of the Disclosure Schedules sets forth a complete and accurate list of each item of registered Company Owned IntellectualProperty and each item of registered Company Licensed Intellectual Property. The Group Companies have previously disclosed or made available to the Purchaserand its agents all material information in its possession that it is aware of related to the Company Intellectual Property as it relates to the business.(d) All licenses to Company Intellectual Property licensed to the Group Companies by third parties (the “Intellectual Property Licenses”) are in fullforce and effect in accordance with their terms. The Group Companies have made available to the Purchaser correct and complete copies of all Intellectual PropertyLicenses.(e) To the knowledge of the Company, the Group Companies’ conduct of the business has not and does not interfere with, infringe upon,misappropriate or violate in any material respect any Intellectual Property rights of third parties, none of the Group Companies engages or has engaged in any suchinterference, infringement, misappropriation, or violation. None of the Group Companies has received in writing any charge, complaint, claim, demand or noticealleging any such interference, infringement, misappropriation or violation.Page 15 of 28(f) To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has interfered with, infringed upon, misappropriated or violated any Company IntellectualProperty.(g) The Group Companies have taken reasonable and appropriate steps that in the judgment of such Group Company are prudent to protect thetitle and ownership in the Company Owned Intellectual Property, the secrecy, confidentially, and value of Company Intellectual Property. All officers, employees,consultants, or contractors who are inventors of inventions or creators of any Company Owned Intellectual Property have assigned to the Group Companies all ofsuch investors’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property. Without limiting the foregoing, the Group Companies have taken all legallyApril 24, 201983INDEXThe following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20F.ExhibitNumberDescription1.1****Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Luokung Technology Corp., dated August 20, 2018, and ascurrently in effect.2.1*Deposit Agreement among the Company, depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts.2.2*Form of American Depositary Receipt.2.3*English translation of Entrusted Management Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.3.1*English translation of Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.1*English translation of Exclusive Technology Service Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd. and Xi’an KingtoneInformation Technology Co., Ltd.4.2*English translation of Exclusive Option Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.3*English translation of Equity Pledge Agreement dated December 15, 2009 between Xi’an Softech Co., Ltd., Xi’an Kingtone Information TechnologyCo., Ltd. and the shareholders of Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.4*English translation of Loan Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.5*English translation of Mortgage Agreement dated September 14, 2009 between Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xian CityCommercial Bank.4.6*English translation of Form of Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and the Company’s executive officers.4.7*2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.4.8**English translation of Project Construction Contract dated August 10, 2010 between Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Science & TechnologyCo., Ltd. and Xi’an Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd.4.9***Asset Exchange Agreement by and between C Media Limited and the Company dated as of January 25, 2018.4.10***Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Redstone YYL Management Limited and five shareholders holding majority of the shares of theCompany dated as of January 25, 2018.4.15****Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Beijing MobileVision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.84ExhibitNumberDescription4.16****Exclusive Option Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen, PingWang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.17****Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Zhongchuan Tianxia Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Xuesong Song, Weili Chen,Ping Wang, Donglai Liu, and Beijing Mobile Vision Technology Co., Ltd., dated August 31, 2015.4.18Addendum to Asset Exchange Agreement by and among the Company, Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. and C Media Limited, dated October 3,2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on October 4, 2018.4.19Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2018, by and among the Company, LK Technology Ltd., and the shareholders listedtherein. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 6K filed on August 27, 2018.4.20****Power of Attorney by Weili Chen, dated August 31, 2015.4.21****Power of Attorney by Ping Wang, dated August 31, 2015.4.22****Power of Attorney by Donglai Liu, dated August 31, 2015.4.23****Power of Attorney by Xuesong Song, dated August 31, 2015.4.24****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, between Luokung Technology Corp. and Xuesong Song.†4.25****Employment Agreement, dated August 19, 2018, by and between Luokung Technology Corp. and Jie Yu.†4.26Securities Purchase Agreement8.1List of Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities11.1Code of Business Conduct and Ethics12.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).12.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).13.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a14(a).101.INSXBRL Instance Document.101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F1 (Reg. No. 333166056) filed with the Commission and incorporated hereinby reference.**Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on January 20, 2011 and incorporated herein byreference.***Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20F filed with the Commission on February 9, 2018 and incorporated herein byreference.****Previously filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on From 20F filed with the Commission on October 12, 2018†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.85Luokung Technology Corp. and SubsidiariesCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPage(s)Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF2Consolidated Financial StatementsConsolidated Balance SheetsF3Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive LossF4Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s EquityF5Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF6Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF7 F24F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofLuokung Technology Corp.Opinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Luokung Technology Corp. and. subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and theconsolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (UnitedStates) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internalcontrol over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.Hong KongApril 24, 2019F2Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)As of December 31,20182017AssetsCurrent assets:Cash$1,192,218$72,379Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts22,661,5949,729,625Other receivables and prepayment2,749,0002,376,745Amounts due from related parties4,935,69811,760,692Total current assets31,538,51023,939,441Noncurrent assets:Property and equipment, net898,0075,044,872Intangible assets, net52,763,9981,154,197Goodwill11,728,6007,239,936Amount due from a related party204,412Other receivables, net (Long term)150,286Total noncurrent assets65,540,89113,643,417TOTAL ASSETS97,079,40137,582,858LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable758,3862,932,158Accrued liabilities and other payables28,239,47716,488,866Deferred revenue1,286,6352,326,406Tax payable71,358Amounts due to related parties3,378,0313,563,683Total current liabilities33,733,88725,311,113Noncurrent liabilities:Accrued liabilities and other payables244,755Total non current liabilities244,755TOTAL LIABILITIES33,978,64225,311,113Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ Equity (Deficit)Share capitalPreferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018; Nil sharesauthorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 201710,000Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 199,317,599 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,2018; $1 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding at December 31, 20171,993,1761Additional paidin capital102,125,81441,819,685Accumulated deficit(41,863,694)(29,936,158)Accumulated other comprehensive income835,463388,217Total Shareholders’ Equity63,100,75912,271,745TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY$97,079,401$37,582,858See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF3Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016Revenues$21,042,363$26,082,417$5,233,145Less: Cost of revenues6,938,0635,547,7796,315,504Less: Operating expenses:Selling and marketing14,695,16523,908,7336,209,804General and administrative6,750,4172,451,2492,108,854Research and development3,478,5701,046,1982,882,202Total operating expenses24,924,15227,406,18011,200,860Loss from operations(10,819,852)(6,871,542)(12,283,219)Other income (expense):Interest expense(80,184)(26,611)(4,412)Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net(1,204,001)350,679(298,257)Loss from investment(428,571)Other income (expense), net250,510(262,980)(34,572)Total other (expense) income, net(1,033,675)61,088(765,812)Loss before income taxes(11,853,527)(6,810,454)(13,049,031)Income taxes(74,009)Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation adjustment447,24690,671387,375Total comprehensive loss$(11,480,290)$(6,719,783)$(12,661,656)Net loss per ordinary share:Basic and Diluted$(0.16)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding Basic and Diluted72,919,62411See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF4Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(IN U.S. DOLLARS)Accumulated otherTotalOrdinary sharesPreferred sharesAdditional paidinAccumulatedcomprehensive IncomeShareholders’EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountcapitaldeficits(loss)(Deficit)Balance as ofDecember 31,20151$1$$8,250,505$(10,076,673)$(89,829)$(1,915,996)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media1,786,9641,786,964Net loss(13,049,031)(13,049,031)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment387,375387,375Balance as ofDecember 31,20161110,037,469(23,125,704)297,546(12,790,688)Capitalcontributionfrom C Media31,782,21631,782,216Net loss(6,810,454)(6,810,454)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment90,67190,671Balance as ofDecember 31,20171141,819,685(29,936,158)388,21712,271,745Issuance ofpreferredshares1,000,00010,000(10,000)Issuance ofcommonshares185,412,5991,854,126(1,854,126)Adjustmentdue to theassetsexchange1,684,99916,849177,880194,729Acquisition ofSuperengine12,219,959122,20059,877,80060,000,000Capitalcontributionfrom C Media2,114,5752,114,575Net loss(11,927,536)(11,927,536)Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment447,246447,246Balance as ofDecember 31,2018199,317,558$1,993,1761,000,000$10,000$102,125,814$(41,863,694)$835,463$63,100,759See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF5Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)For the years ended December 31,201820172016CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(11,927,536)$(6,810,454)$(13,049,031)Depreciation and amortization5,120,7273,316,1813,245,161Bad debts written off944,480Exchange difference1,338,857(906,241)817,633Loss on disposal of property and equipment115,19373,022Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts1,845,370445,39562,591Impairment of intangible assets724,437Impairment of PPE1,228,362Changes in assets and liabilitiesAccounts receivable(16,319,139)(7,933,730)(1,507,296)Other receivables and prepayment2,433,455(2,202,960)2,873,984Tax payable74,0091,945,057312,730Deferred revenue(962,730)Accounts payable(2,108,736)(1,674,058)2,979,330Accrued liabilities and other payables10,683,5684,731,9228,131,205Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(6,924,876)(8,973,695)3,939,329 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchase of property and equipment(32,691)(12,689)(3,554,258)Proceeds from disposal of deposits604,467Cash received from acquisition subsidiaries612,692Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment29,942Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities1,184,46817,253(3,554,258) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Advances from (repayment to) related parties6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities6,874,9948,938,290(1,197,870) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes(14,747)6,688(32,746) Net increase (decrease) in cash1,119,839(11,464)(845,545)Cash at beginning of year72,37983,843929,388 Cash at end of year$1,192,218$72,379$83,843 Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Interest paid80,18426,6114,412Income taxes paidSee accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statementsF6Table of ContentsLUOKUNG TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(IN U.S. DOLLARS)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONLuokung Technology Corp. (the “Company” or “LKCO”), formerly Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd (“Kingtone Wireless”) was incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands on October 27, 2009 under the name of Reizii Capital Management Limited. It has whollyowned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity(“VIE”). Its whollyowned subsidiaries include: Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd. (“Topsky”), which was established in Singapore on November 3, 2009, and Xi’anSoftech Co., Ltd. (“Softech”), which was established in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China on November 27, 2009 by Topsky. Its VIE is Xi’an Kingtone InformationTechnology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”) which was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China on December 28, 2001.On December 17, 2009, Reizii Capital Management Limited changed its name to Kingtone Wirelessinfo Solution Holding Ltd.On March 23, 2010, the board of directors of Kingtone Wireless resolved to change the fiscal year end of Kingtone Wireless and its whollyowned subsidiaries,Topsky and Softech, from November 30 to September 30 so as to have the same fiscal year end as Kingtone Information.On May 14, 2010, Kingtone Wireless completed the initial public offering of its American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at a price of $4.00 per ADS and listed itsADSs on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “KONE.” Kingtone Wireless sold an aggregate of 4,000,000 ADSs, representing 4,000,000 ordinary sharesand received net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.On August 17, 2018, Kingtone Wireless consummated an asset exchange transaction, pursuant to which it exchanged all issued and outstanding capital stock inTopsky InfoTech Holdings Pte Ltd., the parent of Softech, for the issued and outstanding capital stock of LK Technology Ltd. (“LK Technology”) (the “AssetExchange”). In connection with the Asset Exchange, Kingtone Wireless changed its name to Luokung Technology Corp. on August 20, 2018, and on September 20,2018, issued to the shareholders of C Media Limited, the former parent of LK Technology, (i) 185,412,599 of its ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)1,000,000 of its preferred shares. Upon the consummation of the Asset Exchange, the Company ceased the previous business operations and became a companyfocused on the provision of WiFi and mobile application products for long distance rail travelers in China.Following the consummation of the Asset Exchange, on October 4, 2018, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to the fiscal year end of LKTechnology, December 31.On August 25, 2018, LK Technology entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of Superengine HoldingLimited, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Superengine”), pursuant to which LK Technology acquired all of theissued and outstanding shares of Superengine for an aggregate purchase price of US$60 million (the “Purchase Price”), which was paid by the issuance of itsOrdinary Shares in an amount equal to the quotient of (x) the Purchase Price divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of the Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQCapital Market over the 12 months period preceding July 31, 2018. Further details are in Note 3.Luokung Technology Corp., its subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively the “Company”) operate mobile application service for longdistance travel in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The core mobile application product, Luokuang mobile application, which is made as an LBSsocialcontents and services distribution platform. It offers functions based on various travel scenarios, e.g. information, entertainment, travel, ecommerce, O2O,advertising, etc.F7Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:NameDate ofincorporationPlace ofincorporationPercentage oflegalownershipSubsidiaries:LK Technology Ltd.Mar 3, 2011BVI100%Topsky Infotech Holdings Pte Ltd.Nov 3, 2009Singapore100%Superengine Holding LimitedJun 14, 2018BVI100%MMB LimitedApr 11, 2013Hong Kong100%Mobile Media (China) LimitedNov 6, 2007Hong Kong100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Beijing) LimitedFeb 1, 2013PRC100%Zhong Chuan Tian Xia Information and Technology (Shenzhen) LimitedDec 23, 2010PRC100%Contractual Control:Superengine Graphics Software Technology Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Superengine”)Apr 2, 2004PRC0%Anhui Superengine Intelligent Technology co., Ltd (“Anhui Superengine”)Oct 26, 2017PRC0%VIEs:Beijing Zhong Chuan Shi Xun Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Shi Xun”)May 17, 2004PRC0%Jiangsu Zhong Chuan Rui You Information and Technology Limited (“Zhong Chuan Rui You”)May 26, 2011PRC0%Huoerguosi Luokuang Information and Technology Limited (“Huoerguosi Luokuang”)Jul 19, 2017PRC0%Shenzhen Jiu Zhou Shi Dai Digital and Technology Limited (“Jiu Zhou Shi Dai”)Nov 26, 2004PRC0%F8Table of ContentsNOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of presentationThe consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (“US GAAP”).The Company incurred losses from operations of $10,819,852, $6,871,542 and $12,283,219 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As ofDecember 31, 2018, the Company had cash of $1,192,218 and a working capital deficit of $2,195,377. These conditions indicate the existence of substantial doubt overthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In order to alleviate the substantial doubt, the Company intend to meet the cash requirements for the next 12months from the issuance date of this report through a combination of debt and equity financing such as by way of private placements. As disclosed in Note 17, onJanuary 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Honbridge Holdings Limited, and the Company agreed to sell 2,000,000 OrdinaryShares of the Company at a price of $6 per share for a total amount of $12,000,000. From 2019 and onwards, the Company will focus on improving operationalefficiency and cost reduction, and enhancing marketing functions to attract more customers. The Company regularly monitors its current and expected liquidityrequirements to ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances and accessible credit to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. Based on workingcapital conditions and forecast for future operations, the Company believes that it will be able to meet its payment obligations and other commitments for at least thefollowing twelve months.Principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, including the whollyforeign owned enterprises (“WFOEs”),entities we control by contract and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries,entities controlled by contract and consolidated VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries, entities controlled by contract andconsolidated VIEs acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective dateof disposal, as appropriate.A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint orremove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial andoperating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. An entity controlled by contract isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have controlling financial interest in the entity. A VIE isrequired to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financialinterest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.Suzhou Superengine and its subsidiary, Auhui Superengine are consolidated pursuant to an agreement signed between the legal owners of Suzhou Superengine andZhong Chuan Shi Xun giving all the rights and obligations and control of Suzhou Superengine to Zhong Chuan Shi Xun.F9Table of ContentsTo comply with the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that operate mobile application services, the Company operates in such restrictedservices in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members or founders of the Company. Part ofthe registered capital of these PRC domestic companies was funded by certain management members or founders of the Company. The Company has entered intocertain exclusive business services agreements with these PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make itobligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with thosemanagement members or founders, including equity interest pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those management members or founders andexclusive option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations.Details of the typical VIE structure of the Company’s significant consolidated VIEs, primarily domestic companies associated with the operations such as ZhongChuan Shi Xun, Zhong Chuan Rui You, Huoerguosi Luokuang, and Jiu Zhou Shi Dai, are set forth below:(i)Contracts that give the Company effective control of VIEsExclusive option agreementsThe VIE equity holders have granted the WFOEs exclusive call options to purchase their equity interest in the VIEs at an exercise price equal to the higherof (i) the registered capital in the VIEs; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant VIE has further granted the relevantWFOE an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted byapplicable PRC laws, whichever is higher. The WFOEs may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable,under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion ofthe transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each WFOE is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIE,and the VIE equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the VIEwhich are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIE, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the WFOE. Theexclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the WFOEs.Equity pledge agreementsPursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the relevant VIE equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the VIEs as acontinuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding WFOEs to secure the performance of obligations by the VIEs and/or the equityholders under the other structure contracts. Each WFOE is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the VIE equity holders’ pledged interests in the equityof the VIE and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of anybreach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in force for the duration ofthe relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts.F10Table of Contents(ii)Contracts that enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEsExclusive business services agreementsEach relevant VIE has entered into an exclusive business services agreement with the respective WFOE, pursuant to which the relevant WFOE providesexclusive business services to the VIE. In exchange, the VIE pays a service fee to the WFOE which typically amounts to what would be substantially all ofthe VIE’s pretax profit, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE.Other arrangementsThe exclusive call option agreements described above also enable the Company to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs bytypically entitling the WFOEs to all dividends and other distributions declared by the VIEs and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by theVIE equity holders of their equity interests in the VIEs that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the VIEs.Based on these contractual agreements, the Company believes that the PRC domestic companies as described above should be considered as VIEs because theequity holders do not have significant equity at risk nor do they have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Given that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these PRC domestic companies, the Company believes that these VIEs should be consolidated based on the structure as described above.Under the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the consolidated VIEs and can have assetstransferred out of the consolidated VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the consolidated VIEs that can be usedonly to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves. As all consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limitedliability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of theliabilities of the consolidated VIEs.Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. However, as theCompany conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses and approvals held by its consolidated VIEs, the Company has provided and will continue toprovide financial support to the consolidated VIEs considering the business requirements of the consolidated VIEs, as well as the Company’s own businessobjectives in the future.F11Table of ContentsUse of estimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ofassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expensesduring the reporting period. The most significant estimates are the allowance for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibleassets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, impairment of longlived assets and goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Fair value measurementsFair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date under current market conditions. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded atfair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants woulduse when pricing the asset or liability.Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy whichprioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement inits entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:Level 1Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such asquoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequenttransactions (less active markets); or modelderived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by,observable market data.Level 3Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair valueof the assets or liabilities.F12Table of ContentsCashCash primarily consist of cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and highly liquid investments withoriginal maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at cost which approximates their fair value. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, theCompany has no cash equivalents.Accounts receivable, net of allowanceAccounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtfuldebts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred. The Company generally does not require collateral fromits customers.The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make payments on time. The Companyreviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluatingthe collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, itscurrent creditworthiness and current economic trends.Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straightline basis over the following estimated usefullives:WiFi equipment– 3 yearsOffice and other equipment– 3 to 5 yearsVehicles– 5 yearsCosts of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is thedifference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated income statement. When propertyand equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is includedin the results of operations for the respective period.Construction in progressAssets under construction are not depreciated until construction is completed and the assets are ready for their intended use.F13Table of ContentsIntangible assetsIntangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straightline method over the estimated economic lives.Intangible assets have weighted average economic lives from the date of purchase as follows:Software– 5 yearsTrademarks– 10 yearsPatents– 10 yearsGoodwillThe Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)subtopic 35020, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 35020”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level atleast annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 35020.The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the twostep test in accordance with ASC 35020. Ifthe Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is morelikelythannot that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount,the twostep quantitative impairment test described below is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. In the qualitative assessment, the Companyconsiders primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related tothe operations. In performing the twostep quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of thereporting unit based on either quoted market prices of the ordinary shares or estimated fair value using a combination of the income approach and the marketapproach. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting uni