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M&C Saatchi

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FY2018 Annual Report · M&C Saatchi
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ANNUAL REPORT 2018

STRATEGIC REPORT 
Chairman’s review 
RESULTS 
New businesses & NEW Business 
Business model 
Chief executive’s review 
Finance director’s review  
Principal risks 

 1
 2
3
4
6
10
16

GOVERNANCE
18
Governance review 
22
The Board 
Audit committee report 
24
Remuneration committee report  27
31
Directors’ report 
36
Directors’ responsibilities 

Financial statements
Income statement 
Balance sheet 
Cash Flow 
Headline results and EPS 
Company accounts 
Auditor’s report 

 44
46
49
50
104
110

Chairman’s review

2018 was our 10th year of growth. Growth of profit, earnings and dividends. Whilst it might be too early to say we’ve cracked it, 
it does seem that the strategy is proving itself. 

We are lucky to live in an era where opportunities grow like never before. This must be how it felt to be pioneers 
and discoverers of a virgin land. Men and women with ideas, ambition and a vision can strike gold. But the investment isn’t in 
plant or even people, but in brain. Production has moved from brawn to brain. 

Technology connects us like never before. Take one of our newest companies, Send Me A Sample. Alexa and Google Assistant 
users simply request a free sample to be delivered to their homes – and it’s on its way. Coca-Cola is an early client. 

So, our task is simple, stick to our strategy of making people rich. We insist that every one of our entrepreneurs has a 
meaningful equity stake in their business. The better they do, the better we do, the better they do. 

Of course, as we’ve written here before, this makes classic accounting confusing. It measures our liability and not our asset, 
making success into a liability and the greater the success, the bigger the liability – owing to the bigger value of the minority. 

Meanwhile, some of our competitors are changing their names to become what they are not, the company is too young to have 
grown so many barnacles. Our biggest profit sources are just 10 years old and five years old. We keep starting again. 

Now, if they rise quicker, there might be a worry that they come down to earth sooner. But tell that to Amazon, Apple and 
Facebook. And besides, seeds are cheaper to plant than plants are to buy.

On a momentous note, one of our earliest partners, Tom Dery who led our Australian office to great heights is announcing his 
retirement. We owe him a great deal. He started with a credit card and a room in a hotel. Today, our businesses in Australia 
rank amongst the best in size, prestige and creativity. We have every confidence in his handpicked successors. 

And finally, we must pay tribute to Jamie Hewitt, our outgoing Finance Director. His ability to monetise our strategy has been 
an important part of our story. We wish him all the best and welcome Mickey Kalifa our new FD. He has the daunting task of 
matching Jamie’s record. (See table)

Jeremy Sinclair

28 May 2019

Net Revenue
ex Walker

PBT
ex Walker

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

89,873 

110,058 

135,998 

154,480 

162,039 

169,373 

178,928 

225,387 

251,481 

255,373 

4,331 

6,945 

8,316 

11,050 

13,937 

16,167 

19,345 

22,453 

26,022 

29,943 

A reconciliation of headline profit before tax (PBT) can 
be found in note 1.

1

RESULTS

Net revenue  
PROFIT*  
Headline 
    proFIt* 
    EARNINGS  
    EPS  

+2%
+89%

+17%
+17%
+9%

*  Profit Before Tax.
  A reconciliation of headline measures can be found in note 1.
  Net revenue is calculated by deducting project cost from revenue and is directly comparable to 2017 revenue. See income statement for the calculation.

2

NEW BUSINESSES

NEW BUSINESS

Greenhouse
M&C Saatchi Indonesia
M&C Saatchi Social
Majority
Resolution designs
Scarecrow Communications
Send me a sample
Source Australia
Sports & Entertainment LA
Talk purpose
THAT
The FIlm Studio
Yes Agency 

Apprenticeships
BRAC
CafÉ Paul
Carlsberg
CIMB
Commonwealth Bank
Continental Tyres
eBay
EDF
Experian
Fabric
Fuji
GambleAware
Jumeirah International
Level Forward
Nedbank

Nyrvana
OVS
Philips
Reebok
ROKiT
Saras
Sembcorp
Singapore Turf Club
Swisscom
Tabcorp
Tafel Beers
Tikkurila
Tourism Australia
Twinings
UNICEF
WHO 

3

Business model

We are a global marketing services company built on a strategy of winning new business by starting new businesses. 

The conventional model of network creation is by acquisition. This turns entrepreneurs into employees, diluting 
the imperative that drove their initial growth and success.

Our network growth comes from attracting people who do not want to be wage slaves, who feel they are born 
to be masters, not servants of their destiny. Our focus is to expand organically, only buying stakes in companies 
where strategic mass is the only way to enter a market or accelerate growth. 

We then back our winners, by using the network to allow them to expand globally. 

At the core of the M&C Saatchi business model is the concept of shared ownership, shared objectives 
and shared ambitions. 

This is how it works: 

We take a majority share in a business start-up, providing them with cash and the benefit of our reach, brains 
and reputation. The entrepreneurs have shares in their companies which at some agreed point can be converted 
into more tradeable M&C Saatchi plc shares. They can only put all their shares when succession criteria have been 
fulfilled. This aligns their business success with the success of the business as a whole. The better the Group does, 
the more their shares are worth. Typically, many of our local partners do not exchange their shares at the first 
opportunity, instead they enjoy their dividends from each pound of profit they make. 

Our deals are structured to maximise shareholder value whilst at the same time recognising the worth of the local 
entrepreneurs’ business at acquisition. There is always a risk that some new businesses underperform, but our 
revenue, profit and dividends growth is testimony to the overall success of our business model.

The drive and knowledge of our local partners, the teams they attract, together with our global reputation, 
helps us win and retain great clients. 

4

How our business model impacts our statutory results

The Group’s business model leads to the IFRS accounts having a number of non-cash movements being included 
in the income statement, largely as a result of put options awarded and the output of acquisition accounting as 
mandated by IFRS 3 (see below). Such non-cash movements reflect future estimated performance and movements 
in the Group’s share price. The Board evaluates these non-cash movements based on the potential future share 
issues and their potential dilutive / accretive effects. 

Excluding these non-cash movements, the Board uses Headline measures to assess the underlying profitability 
of the Group; these alternative performance measures are considered by the Board to provide a more appropriate 
basis to assess the results and are how the business is managed and monitored on a day-to-day basis. The Group 
also uses a constant currency measure to allow comparison of each business between periods.

The Group has a strategy of dividend growth and these Headline measures indicate the annual build-up of both cash 
and, in the case of put options, reserves available for distribution.

The accounting treatment of the put options depends upon whether the options are forfeited, or not, on leaving 
the Group. If the put options are forfeited on leaving, then the option is deemed remuneration and accounted 
for as an equity settled share-based payment such that the fair value of the award is recognised in the income 
statement. If the put options are not forfeited on leaving, the put option is accounted for as a minority interest put 
option liability and revalued at the end of each accounting period with any movement being charged or credited as 
finance income or cost (referred to as ‘minority shareholder put option liabilities’). These awards are remunerated 
in Company shares, but at our discretion can be paid in cash. The Group excludes minority put option and share 
based payment charges from Headline profit. 

Other adjustments made in deriving the Headline profit include: amortisation or impairment of intangible assets 
(including goodwill and acquired intangibles, but excluding software); changes to deferred and contingent 
consideration and other acquisition related charges taken to the income statement; impairment of investments 
in associates; revaluation of investments and their related costs and profit and loss on disposal of associates. 
Such exclusions are consistent with our industry peers.

Statutory numbers within the Group’s results are prepared in accordance with EU adopted International Financial 
Reporting standards (IFRS).

The key movements between statutory to headline results

£’m

2018 2017 Movement %

Statutory profit before taxation

17.6

9.3

8.0 89%

Conditional share awards

6.1

13.5

Adjustments to put 
option liabilities

Impairment charge

Revaluation of investments

Amortisation of 
acquired intangibles

Acquisition related  
remuneration

0.9

-3.0

2.9

-0.9

5.2

–

4.4

2.0

1.3

0.7

-7.4

3.9

-2.3

-0.9

2.4

0.6

Headline profit before taxation

32.3

27.7

4.3 17%

A reconciliation can be found in note 1, regional split and constant 
currencies in note 3, Summary of results can be found on page 10.

5

Chief executive’s review

Summary of results 

2018 saw record results in terms of net revenue and earnings. Net revenues grew by 2%, with constant currency 
net revenues increasing 4%. Excluding the costs of businesses started in the year, we returned a headline operating 
margin of 12%, up from 11% in 2017, with our newer higher margin businesses building momentum. The headline profit 
before tax advanced 16% to £32.0m and headline net earnings also rose 16%. Statutory profit before tax was up 89% 
from £9.3m to £17.6m.

The key driver of these strong results is our unique differentiated model, which is overwhelmingly organic versus 
the M&A fuelled holding companies. We start new businesses in attractive geographies and in new growth channels 
with best-in-class entrepreneurs, motivated by significant minority equity holdings. We are not dependent on 
pressured global consumer goods clients nor media buying, particularly following our Walker Media divestment. 
Vitally even more now, we have creativity at our core and are therefore less susceptible to automation.

UK

Net revenue in the UK was up 2%, with the major growth drivers Sport & Entertainment and Performance 
(formerly Mobile) performing particularly positively. 

UK new business wins included Apprenticeships, eBay, Experian, GambleAware, Swisscom and Twinings.

World Services, our specialist public sector and social impact division, continues to show strong financial 
and market sector growth. World Services uses the best of Saatchi talent and technologies to tackle complex social 
and behavioural issues. In 2018 significant new projects were won from a broad range of existing and new clients, 
including UNICEF, WHO, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BRAC, the FCO and USAID. 

In June, we invested in a 51% stake in two social influencer agencies, Red Hare and Grey Whippet, who have joined 
M&C Saatchi Merlin’s existing social and talent divisions to form M&C Saatchi Talent Group, which is growing well. 

We launched Send Me A Sample in September, the world’s first voice-activated product trialling platform, which 
allows Alexa and Google Assistant voice users to request free product samples to be delivered directly to their 
homes. They are working on several Coca-Cola projects.

The UK headline operating profit margin increased to 17.8%, compared with 16.0% in 2017. These margins exclude 
the impact of Group recharges. 

NET REVENUE 
+2%

Constant currency
Net revenue 
+4%

UK Net revenue 
+2%

Due to the change to IFRS15, Revenue has increased 
by 68%, given the change in accounting standard 
net revenue is more appropriate measure to use 
for these results.

6

Chief executive’s review
Continued

Europe 

European like-for-like net revenue increased 2% year on year. Headline operating profit was up 6%, with a headline 
operating margin of 15.8% (2017: 15.3%). 

Our Stockholm office won projects from Tikkurila (paint) and Reebok. 

Our Berlin office continues to perform well and Clear opened an office in Frankfurt. 

Milan had a strong second half winning projects from Carlsberg, OVS (clothing) and Saras (refining). 

Paris continued their good new business performance, winning projects from Fuji, Gerlinea (slimming meals) 
and Cafés Paul as well as retaining EDF. 

Middle East and Africa 

Like-for-like net revenue in the Middle East and Africa was up 11% with a good new business performance 
across the region. 

South Africa won Tafel Beers (to add to Heineken, Strongbow and Windhoek) and Continental Tyres. 
Sport & Entertainment added Nedbank’s sponsorship. 

Our UAE offices performed strongly, winning Jumeirah International and an anti-obesity project from the Ministry 
of Health and Prevention. 

We are looking to open in Riyadh this year as a result of client demand.

Tel Aviv maintains its good progress and won Philips. 

As we expected, the operating profit in the region was down 25% and the headline operating margin decreased 
to 7.4% from 10.7% in 2018 with investment in new business costs. This investment will be returned in 2019 with 
enhanced net revenue. 

Europe like-for-like 
Net revenue 
+2%

Middle East and 
Africa like-for-like 
Net revenue 
+11%

7

Chief executive’s review
Continued

Asia and Australia 

In Asia and Australia, like-for-like net revenue was up 6% year on year. 

Our Australian offices performed well and they started this year with the wins of Tourism Australia and Tabcorp.

Kuala Lumpur won CIMB and retained Axiata, whilst Singapore won Sembcorp (utilities) and the Singapore Turf Club. 

We invested in 51% of Scarecrow in Mumbai and opened offices in Jakarta and Hong Kong. We now have 
9 offices in Asia.

The headline regional operating margin excluding start-up costs was 10.7% (2017: 11.4%), with the headline operating 
profit down 7% on 2017. This was due to exceptional fourth quarter new business pitch costs in Australia. These 
secured the 2019 new business wins and consequently we expect an improved margin going forward. 

Asia and Australia 
like-for-like 
Net revenue 
+6%

8

Chief executive’s review
Continued

Americas 

Like-for-like net revenue was up 3% and headline operating profit was up 75% with a headline operating margin 
of 14.3% excluding start-up costs (2017: 9.9%).

In the US, Performance continues to perform well. 

Our New York agency, SS+K has rebounded after a challenging 2017 with much improved profitability in 2018 following 
the actions taken in 2017. They won communications strategy work from Commonwealth Bank and Level Forward. 

In November, we invested in a 30% minority stake in That (Technology, Humans and Taste), a Manhattan creative shop 
that will serve as a partner to SS+K.

Our Los Angeles office continues to develop their client portfolio, winning clients including a blockchain company 
Fabric, a smart sugar free chocolate Nyrvana and a telecoms brand ROKiT. Our LA Sport & Entertainment office 
has won several Coca-Cola projects. We also launched Majority in LA, a production company with an all-women 
Director roster, which now has 18 Directors signed up.

Outlook

2018 was another record year for M&C Saatchi in terms of net revenue and earnings. Our unique business model 
of starting and growing companies with the best entrepreneurial talent continues to flourish.

This year has begun well, and we are confident that we will continue to make good progress in 2019 and beyond.

Americas 
like-for-like 
Net revenue 
3%

9

Finance director’s review

Key performance indicators

The Group manages its operational performance through a number of key performance indicators:

•  net revenue growth, both regionally and within divisions, up 1.6%;

•  continual improvement of headline operating margins, up from 10.6% to 11.9%;

•  earnings per share increased 6.4p;

•  headline earnings per share growth, up 8.5%; and

•  reduction of net cash, down £9.8m year on year.

Summary of results

£’m

Billings

Revenue

Net revenue

Operating profit

Profit before taxation

Profit for the year

Earnings

EPS

Operating profit margin 
(on net revenue)

Tax rate

Statutory

Headline

2018

609.6

422.4

255.4

16.8

17.6

11.0

8.3

9.8p

6.6%

37.7%

2017

536.0

251.5

251.5

5.3

9.3

4.6

2.7

3.4p

2.1%

Movement

13.7%

1.6%

214.2%

89.2%

140.1%

208.9%

185.2%

+4.5pts

50.9%

-13.2pts

2018

609.6

422.4

255.4

30.3

32.3

25.0

21.1

25.0p

11.9%

22.6%

2017

536.0

251.5

251.5

26.7

27.7

20.8

18.0

23.0p

10.6%

24.7%

Movement

13.7%

1.6%

13.5%

16.8%

20.1%

17.4%

8.5%

+1.3pts

-2.1pts

Effects of accounting standard changes

The introduction of IFRS15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, whilst adding complexity to the Group’s 
accounting, had a very small effect on operating profits. It has required the redefinition of Revenue to include 
third party supplies that we pass on to our clients which we either enhance or are responsible for the quality of. 
The redefinition of Revenue has resulted in the 2017 Revenue KPI being relabelled net revenue, it excludes all third 
party supplies that we pass directly on to our clients. The adoption of IFRS15 requires more rigour to be applied 
in our revenue recognition processes. We will continue to improve these processes in 2019.

The Group still reports Billings (i.e. total billed to clients) as this measure drives working capital movements. 
In IFRS15 terms, Billings comprises total Revenue plus all third party supplies that we pass on to our clients 
irrespective of whether we enhance or have responsibility for the quality of the supplies.

10

 
Finance director’s review
Continued

IFRS9 Financial Instruments introduction has added a general provision for potential bad debts (expected credit 
loss provisions) and caused us to revalue most of our corporate venturing investments to the latest financing round 
acquisition values, as a representation of their fair value.

Net revenue and operating profit margin

Group net revenue increased 1.6% (2017: 11.6%). The constant currency net revenue growth was 3.7% (2017: 6.9%) 
(the like-for-like basis). 

Group operating profit margin increased to 6.4% (2017: 2.1%). A large portion of this increase has been caused 
by the £13.6m (2017: £21.4m) accounting adjustments that we exclude from our headline results. These are 
described in more detail below. 

The Group continues to see a shift in its business from selling time to selling product. This is less labour intensive, 
uses an increased amount of technology and has higher operating profit margins. This shift has resulted in a 
small growth in net revenue and in a 13% increase in headline operating profit and a 1.2pts increase in headline 
operating profit margin. 

Headline results

The Group’s “headline” measures are used by the Board to assess the underlying profitability of the Group. This is 
done by excluding all accounting charges related to equity and investments. These headline figures are alternative 
performance measures that the Board considers provide an appropriate basis to assess the results of each region 
and are how the business is managed and monitored on a day-to-day basis. The Group also uses a constant currency 
measure to allow comparison of each business unit’s performance between periods.

We have described how our business model impacts our statutory results (page 4), explaining the types of accounting 
charges that are excluded from our Headline results. 

Operating margin
+4.4Pts 

Headline 
+1.2pts

11

Finance director’s review
Continued

The key movements between statutory to headline results

The key movements between statutory to headline results

£’m

2018

2017 Movement %

Statutory profit before taxation

Conditional share awards

Adjustments to put 
option liabilities

Impairment charge

Revaluation of investments

Amortisation of 
acquired intangibles

Acquisition related  
remuneration

17.6

6.1

9.3

13.5

0.9

-3.0

2.9

-0.9

4.4

5.2

–

2.0

1.3

0.7

8.0 89%

-7.4

3.9

-2.3

-0.9

2.4

0.6

Headline profit before taxation

32.3

27.7

4.3 17%

Full reconciliation can be found in note 1. 

Regional split and constant currencies in note 3.

Conditional share awards are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis to the earlier 
of the expected and actual vesting date. The £7.4m overall reduction in the conditional share awards expense 
comprises a £9.8m reduction caused by schemes predominantly completing vesting in 2017 and £2.4m 
in charges relating to new schemes which have arisen as a result of us fulfilling our business model of opening 
new businesses and revitalising old. 

The improvement in fortunes of one of our business units SS+K, which last year saw an impairment 
of some of the goodwill recognised when it was acquired (and reduced our expected put option liability 
for that business), has resulted in a £2.9m increase in the put option liability relating to the SS+K shareholders 
at the end of 2018. This increase has been tempered by a reduction in our share price from 371.5p to 289.0p 
at the year end, causing a £1.7m reduction in liability. There were other small movements in the liability, 
resulting in an overall increase in the put option liability of £0.9m (2017: reduction £3.0m).

Three of our smaller businesses have been impaired. This is partly to pave the way for mergers between 
business units following client losses. 

The Group is involved in corporate venturing through SAATCHiNVEST. This is done to enhance our future 
cash flows and as a mechanism to gain insight into how technology can disrupt and create opportunities 
for us and our clients. The new accounting standard, IFRS9, requires us to measure such investments at fair 
value. Following discussions with our advisors, fair value, where no other evidence exists, has been defined 
as the price or valuation derived from the investment’s latest financing round. This definition of fair value 
is an estimate. The actual future cash flows will be different. Given this is an estimate and not reflective 
of future cash flows we will continue to exclude gains and losses relating to SAATCHiNVEST’s investment 
values from our headline results. Further discussions of risk with these numbers can be found in note 27. 

£1.8m of the increase in amortisation of intangibles is predominantly due to the change in the useful 
life of SS+K’s intangible, which was changed in 2017 as part of the entity’s goodwill impairment review. 
The remaining increase is due to acquisitions made in 2018 and the full year effects of 2017 acquisitions.

Acquisition related remuneration is mostly due to dividends paid by local companies to conditional 
share award holders. 

12

Finance director’s review
Continued

Associates

The after-tax return from our associates was a profit of £2.8m (2017: £2.0m). The majority of this profit came 
from our UK associate Walker Media (trading as Blue 449) returning £2.4m (2017: £1.6m), and a contribution 
from our associate in China, aeiou, of £0.4m (2017: £0.3m). In November we acquired 30% of a New York 
agency called Technology Humans and Taste LLC (THAT), which made a small £0.1m contribution in the year.

Leaving aside a small increase from the full year effect of THAT, our future associate income will materially 
reduce due to the disposal of our remaining interest in Blue 449 on 31 January 2019.

Financial income and expense

The Group’s net interest payable was £1.1m (2017: £1.3m). Overall borrowings decreased slightly during the 
year, this reduction has been offset by higher interest rates. The sale of our investment in Blue 449 for £25m 
in January 2019 will reduce debt and net interest paid. 

As mentioned above, the charge for the fair value adjustment to minority put option liabilities of £0.9m (2017: 
credit £3.0m) arose from an increase in future profitability estimates of one of our business units, SS+K, 
together with a reduction in our share price. Further details can be seen in note 24.

Tax

Our entrepreneurs and the Group invest in the equity in the subsidiaries, the related income statement charges 
to these investments, in most cases, receive no tax credit i.e. share-based payments; put option revaluations, 
revaluations of contingent payments and goodwill impairments. Such charges to the income statement can 
create large swings in, and variations to, our effective tax rate. 

The Group operates globally, mainly in countries whose tax rates are higher than the UK’s. The reduction in US 
federal tax rate from 35% to 21% from 1 January 2018 has helped reduce our overseas tax rate, though the 
benefit for the Group’s headline tax rate was offset by increased trade in higher tax jurisdictions.

We anticipate our tax rate increasing modestly in the future, due to the sale of the Group’s associate Blue 449 
in January 2019, which in 2018 accounted for 83% of our associate income.

The Group tax rate is different to the UK’s corporate 
tax rate:

UK corporation tax rate

Headline adjustments:

Higher overseas tax rates

Associates tax effect

US tax rate change

US tax losses utilised

Under provision prior years

Other

Headline tax rate

Statutory adjustments:

Higher overseas tax 
rates and profit mix

US tax rate change

Put option charges

Impairments with no tax credits

Statutory tax rate

Full reconciliation can be found in note 10.

2018

19.0%

4.3%

-1.7%

-

-

-0.3%

1.3%

22.6%

2017

19.3%

6.7%

-1.3%

1.1%

-3.4%

2.2%

0.1%

24.7%

3.1%

-3.0%

-

8.9%

3.1%

37.7%

14.8%

14.4%

–

50.9%

13

Finance director’s review
Continued

Non-controlling interest

The proportion of profits attributable to non-controlling shareholders increased to £2.7m (2017: £1.9m) with headline 
share of profits increasing to £3.9m (2017: £2.8m). The increase was caused by improvements in the profitability 
of our minority holding subsidiaries and our continued investment in new businesses.

Dividend

As part of a progressive dividend policy, the Board is proposing to pay a final dividend of 8.51p per share (2017: 
7.40p), giving a total dividend of 10.96p compared to 9.53p in 2017. The final dividend will be paid, subject to 
shareholder approval at the 27 June 2019 AGM, on 5 July 2019 to shareholders on the register at 6 June 2019.

Cash flow and banking arrangements

Cash net of bank borrowings at 31 December 2018 was £(2.5)m (2017: £7.4m). The Group expects to absorb cash 
into working capital as it grows. We had exceptionally strong cash receipts in the final quarter of 2017 from working 
capital. The payment of suppliers in early 2018 relating to these 2017 cash receipts, helped absorb in 2018 £16.5m 
cash into working capital (2017: release £0.9m). Given on average we are billing our clients £47m per month, monthly 
fluctuations of £16.5m are not abnormal and are reflective of the cash balances local subsidiaries hold.

The Group uses the cash paid up to its holding companies to make small tactical acquisitions and fund new offices. 
The Group spent £1.9m cash and issued £6.5m of equity for acquisitions in the UK, US and India during the year.

To manage these acquisitions and to fund them going forward, the Group has a £38.0m banking facility with RBS 
that reduces on 31 December 2019 to £36.0m. This facility matures on the 30 April 2020. In addition, to fund working 
capital in the UK, the Group has a £10m overdraft of which £8.6m was drawn down at the year end. Following the 
year end, the Group disposed of 24.9% interest in Walker Media (trading as Blue 449) for £25m cash on 31 January 
2019, which reduced the use of these facilities. 

During 2019 we will perform a strategic review of our banking facility and other banking requirements and will 
determine how we can better utilise positive working capital balances in some subsidiaries and currencies against 
negative working capital balances elsewhere.

Dividend 
+15% per share

14

Balance sheet movements

£'m

Non-current assets

2018

95.4

2017

94.6

Current assets

215.1

170.0

Current liabilities

(173.0)

(148.4)

Net current assets

42.0

21.6

Non-current liabilities

(48.5)

(52.2)

Net assets

88.9

64.0

Movements

0.8

45.1

-24.6

20.4

3.7

24.9

Finance director’s review
Continued

Key balance sheet movements

Non-current assets increased £0.8m to £95.4m (2017: £94.6m). The £6.4m revaluation uplift under IFRS9 of our 
corporate venturing investments and £2.9m of associate profit has been offset by £13.1m relating to the Walker 
Media investment having been taken to current assets, prior to its disposal in 2019. The balance is made up of 
small acquisitions, impairment and amortisation of intangibles.

Net current assets increased by £20.4m to £42.0m (2017: £21.6m) with an increase from £13.1m of Walker 
Media investment moved from non-current. A further £4.6m increase from trading and £2.5m from a reduction 
in minority shareholder put option liability.

Non-current liabilities reduced by £3.7m to £48.5m (2017: £52.2m). Mostly due to a £4.3m reduction in 
the non-current minority shareholder put option liability offset by a £0.7m increase in deferred tax provision 
whose major movement was due to IFRS9 corporate venturing revaluation (net of associated costs). 

There was a reduction in current minority shareholder put option liabilities of £2.5m and reduction in non-
current minority shareholder put option liabilities of £4.3m. This overall reduction of £6.7m is due to £7.7m 
being exercised and £0.9m charged to the income statement. The £0.9m charge to the income statement 
is made up of the improvement in SS+K fortunes offset by a lower share price as mentioned above.

The above balance sheet movements enabled net assets to advance to £88.9m (2017: £64.1m).

Capital expenditure

Total capital expenditure (including software acquired) for 2018 increased to £5.7m (2017: £4.2m). The Group 
has increased software spend in light of European GDPR legislation, with parts of the Group now compliant 
with BS 275001 as well as enhancing its digital security.

Global accounting function

The increasing size and complexity of the Group now necessitates the Group’s accounting systems to be 
enhanced and standardised. This process began in 2018 with the introduction of a new accounting software 
platform within the UK group of companies. The same platform will be rolled out across the rest of Group 
during the course of 2019 and 2020. The new Finance Director will also be performing a comprehensive review 
of the Group’s global accounting organisation with the intention of improving and enhancing internal controls 
and the quality of financial reporting.

15

Principal Risks 

1. Client loss

2. Staff retention

3. Cyber

Risks and uncertainties

Risks and uncertainties

We have an ongoing review process of the Group’s risks, emerging risks and uncertainties, along with implementing 
the actions needed to mitigate them. These risks are used to assess the prospects of the Group over a period of up 
to five years in combination with liquidity and other key elements of the business as described in the Going Concern 
statement (page 31).

Client losses are damaging, although some turnover over time is normal and to be expected. Losses can happen 
for a variety of reasons, including the effect of other risks such as economic or political risk resulting in clients’ 
reduction or cessation of business; running out of funding after work has been commissioned; or redirecting 
expenditure elsewhere. To mitigate this, we continue to develop our offerings to reflect clients’ changing marketing 
mix and cross selling opportunities (new businesses). Providing we get our offerings right, we continue to convert 
new clients on the basis of our creative excellence, our strategic wisdom, the commitment and brilliance of our staff 
and our diverse portfolio of services (new business).

Staff remain our greatest asset and losing them is one of our principal risks. Our business model, of empowering 
local entrepreneurs, giving them equity in their local businesses and allowing them to develop our offering, 
helps us reward and motivate the local entrepreneurs, and in turn motivate them to enhance local staff working 
with them and thus create business continuity. Any restrictions in the movement of highly skilled and motivated 
staff, can be detrimental to our business, by reducing our ability to export or create new service offerings. 
Best practices from each office are shared, via bi-annual worldwide meetings and on an ad hoc basis through local 
and global working groups.

As our product range expands and becomes more data and technology dependent, so too does our cyber risk. 
The Group continues to monitor this expansion, update its computer systems, introduce training programmes 
and employ knowledgeable staff. For critical areas under the ISO27001 regime our security is regularly audited, 
and we strive to increase our ISO27001 coverage. Cyber risk is regularly discussed at Board meetings and we learn 
from the cyber events of others. 

The Board actively reviews potential changes in the risk profile of the business, considering both those risks 
which require protocols put in place directly and emerging risks.

16

Risks and uncertainties
Continued

The other risks the Group faces are: 

•  internal control risk is exacerbated by local minorities’ ability to put their equity at a multiple of profit. This is 

mitigated by regular meetings with management, sharing and reviewing financial data, local accounting manuals, 
an outsourced internal audit function, and business continuity rules embedded in most put options;

•  location risk due to local events where our staff are working globally that endanger our staff or restrict our 

ability to trade. We monitor our global footprint, insurances and travel plans;

•  regulatory and legal changes can affect our trading, ownership structures or interpretation of our financial data. 
This risk is illustrated by the changes to accounting standards (both in the current year and in the future, notes 
2 and 34) and the 2017 changes to US tax regulations and their future interpretations both at a federal and state 
level, that as we grow, may affect our corporate structure in the US and our exporting to the US. We monitor 
and plan for proposed and actual changes and interpretations;

•  the risk that our suppliers, clients, or staff transgress or some other event devalues our brand or restricts 
our ability to trade. We have policies and training programmes to vet and monitor clients and suppliers 
for association risk at all levels and take any relevant action;

•  economic and political risks that could restrict our ability to access finance or trade internationally. Such risks 
include, as a UK headquartered Group and as a UK exporter, the potential effects of Brexit on our ability to sell 
and invest globally or receive dividends and returns from our investments in a tax efficient manner. We monitor 
and plan for proposed and actual changes; 

•  financial risk, caused by changes to exchange rates (which have been exacerbated by the Brexit debate), interest 
rates or our forecasts and estimates and the Group’s share price, can affect our profitability and cash flows. 
We monitor and model likely and actual changes; and

•  investment risk, that businesses we acquire or invest in fail to deliver their anticipated results. We monitor 
our businesses’ performance and give assistance where required. Where acquisitions have not performed 
as well as expected, we review and apply learnings to future investments.

Strategic report approval

By order of the Board

David Kershaw

Chief Executive
28 May 2019

17

Governance review

The Board encourages a culture of strong governance across the business. To reflect the importance of corporate 
governance as a central tenet of M&C Saatchi’s philosophy, as well as a deliberate response to the Group’s 
continued organic growth, at our 18 September 2018 Board meeting we formally adopted the principles of the 2018 
UK Corporate Governance Code as issued by the FRC in July 2018 (“the Code”). We have adopted this revised 
Code over three months earlier than most other users of the Code. Prior to this date the Group followed the spirit 
of the QCA code.

The Code is applicable to all companies with a premium listing on the London Stock Exchange, as at 1 January 
2019. M&C Saatchi plc is listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. The Group follows the Principles 
of the Code; however due to the Group’s size, history, structure and life cycle stage, some Provisions of the Code 
are not relevant and are therefore not followed (these are detailed in this review). As the Group continues to grow 
and evolve we will revisit these provisions annually and consider whether there are grounds for their adoption. 
Significant matters requiring explanation are detailed below; other areas of non-compliance, considered by 
the Board as being of a lower priority, are detailed and explained on the Company website.

Culture of the company

In 2016, the Financial Reporting Council (‘FRC’) issued a report entitled ‘Corporate Culture and the Role of Boards’. 
The Company reflects the recommendations of the report in its governance structures and culture, with engagement 
of Board members and employees in identifying, documenting and targeting its strategic aims and objectives. 
In particular, our entrepreneurs and senior management regularly make presentations to the Board in relation 
to the business units and functions they are responsible for. In taking this action the Company is seeking to reflect 
the main aims of the FRC report which are to:

•  connect purpose and strategy to culture;

•  align values and incentives; and

•  assess, measure and report on the Company’s culture.

Composition of the Board and alignment to corporate strategy

The Code requires the Board and its committees to have an appropriate balance of skills, experience, independence 
and knowledge of the Company to enable them to discharge their duties and responsibilities effectively and in line 
with corporate strategy.

18

Governance review
Continued

The Executive Chairman of M&C Saatchi plc is Jeremy Sinclair who has been Chairman since the Company listed 
on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange in 2004. He was re-elected by the Shareholders at the 2017 AGM 
with 99.2% of votes cast in favour. The Board has ensured that there are safeguards in place to counter any concerns 
regarding his independent status. He is not a member of the Audit or Remuneration Committees. 

Provision 11 of the Code states at least half the Board should be independent Non-Executive Directors. At the end 
of the year the Board comprises the Chairman, four Executive Directors and three independent Non-Executive 
Directors. During the year Lorna Tilbian replaced the outgoing Jonathan Goldstein as Senior Independent Director. 
The Board believes that the diversity of skills and experience which the Executive Directors bring to the Board 
is more valuable at this stage of the business’s development than having Non-Executive Directors comprising at least 
half the Board. Furthermore, the Board considers its Non-Executive Directors to be sufficiently independent, robust, 
and of such calibre and number that their views may be expected to be of sufficient weight such that no individual 
or small group can dominate the Board’s decision-making processes.

Engagement with Shareholders

The Directors value the views of the Company’s shareholders and recognise their interest in the Group’s strategy 
and performance, Board membership and quality of management. They hold regular meetings with, and give 
presentations to, the Company’s institutional shareholders, discussing the Group’s results and objectives. 
These meetings are attended by the Chief Executive and the Finance Director. Feedback from these meetings 
is shared with the wider Board.

The AGM is used to communicate with all investors and they are encouraged to participate. The Chairman and other 
members of the Board attend the AGM and are available to answer questions. 

Sundry departures from the Code

The following sundry departures are made from the code: other than walking around and talking to people we have 
no formal mechanism for engagement with workforce; Non-executive directors do not have sole responsibility 
in terms of executive appointments; and we elect our board on a three year rotation.

19

Governance review
Continued

Other Board activities

The Board is involved in the active monitoring and review of the internal control systems in place at the business. 
This process is an ongoing activity to ensure improvements are identified and subsequently actioned as 
appropriate over time.

Subsequent to the adoption of the Corporate Governance Code in the latter half of 2018, the Board has put in place 
a mechanism for a formal annual evaluation of Board performance. This has been committed to being completed 
prior to the end of 2019, the results of which will be reported in the 2019 Annual Report.

Attendance at Board and Committee meetings during the year

Six scheduled meetings of the Board were held during the year ended 31 December 2018. The Nominations 
Committee met when needed on an unscheduled basis to deal with the matters at hand, in particular the appointment 
of Lorna Tilbian and replacement of the Finance Director. The Remuneration Committee met on 26 March 2019. 
The attendance record of the Directors at the scheduled meetings of the Board and of the Board’s Committees 
is shown in the table below.

Full  
Board

Audit  
committee

Remuneration 
committee**

Nominations  
committee

Chairman

Jeremy Sinclair

Executive directors

David Kershaw

Maurice Saatchi

Bill Muirhead

Jamie Hewitt

Non-Executive Directors

Jonathon Goldstein

Michael Peat

Michael Dobbs

Lorna Tilbian*

6/6

6/6

6/6

5/6

6/6

5/6

6/6

6/6

5/6

–

–

–

–

3/3

2/3

3/3

2/3

1/3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10/10

10/10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*   Joined the board 30 January 2018, Remuneration Committee and Audit Committee. 

** There has been no change in the remuneration of the Board since 2017 and consequently the Remuneration committee has not needed to meet during 2018.

20

 
 
 
 
 
Governance review
Continued

Nominations Committee

Meets on an ad hoc basis, when there is a need to appoint new Directors.

During the year the Committee recommended the appointment of Lorna Tilbian, and with the resignation of the 
Finance Director Jamie Hewitt, conducted a full search and has recommended Mickey Kalifa to the Board. Both 
appointments have been accepted by the Board.

The Committee continues to work with senior management to develop its talent pool and enable potential future 
succession (see Employees and Equal opportunities page 33).

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee Chairman is Michael Peat who was a partner at KPMG from 1985 to 1993 before joining the 
Royal Household. Positions held in the Household included Director of Finance and Property Services, Keeper of the 
Privy Purse and Treasurer to The Queen. As a result, the Board considers that he has recent and relevant financial 
experience as required by the Code. The report of the Audit Committee describing the issues considered in the year 
under review is on page 24.

Remuneration Committee

The Directors’ Remuneration Report, which describes the work of the Committee and discloses the Company’s 
Remuneration Policy and Annual Report on Remuneration, is on page 27. Section 172 of the UK Companies act

In our 2019 Annual report we will be required to report on how the board applies Section 172 of the UK’s Companies 
Act. The section requires a director to act in a manner, in good faith, that promotes the success of the company 
for the benefit of its shareholders. In doing this, directors must have regard, amongst other matters, to the:

•  likely consequence of any decisions in the long term;

•  interests of the company’s employees;

•  need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others;

•  impact of the company’s operations on the community and environment;

•  company’s reputation for high standards of business conduct; and

•  need to act fairly as between members of the company.

Section 172 is printed on all our board meeting agendas, so that directors can reflect on it during the meeting.

By Order of the Board

Andy Blackstone

Company Secretary
28 May 2019

21

The board

Jeremy Sinclair
Chairman

DAVID KERSHAW
CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Maurice Saatchi
EXECUTIVE director

Bill Muirhead
EXECUTIVE director

JAMIE HEWITT
FINANCE director**

22

The board
Continued

Lorna Tilbian 
Independent non-Executive director*

MICHAEL PEAT
Independent non-Executive director

Michael Dobbs
Independent non-Executive director

*  Lorna Tilbian was appointed as a Non-Executive Director on  
  30 January 2018.

** Jamie Hewitt resigned as a Director on 29 March 2019, at which  
  point Mickey Kalifa was appointed a Director.

23

Audit committee report

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee’s terms of reference are published at www.mcsaatchiplc.com/#governance. They reflect 
the requirements of the 2018 UK Corporate Governance Code with, in addition, responsibility for reviewing 
the Group’s internal controls and risk management systems.

The Audit Committee works to a programme aligned to key events in the financial reporting cycle. Agendas 
also include focus issues and standing items required by the Committee’s terms of reference.

The Committee met three times in 2018 and four in 2019 to date (to review the 2018 Annual Report and Accounts, 
the audit thereof and significant accounting matters and judgements). Meetings are attended by the Group’s Finance 
Director and Company Secretary, and also as required by the external auditors (KPMG LLP) and the internal 
auditors (BDO LLP).

As the Committee’s chairman, I report to the Board after each meeting. I also have periodic meetings with Adrian 
Wilcox, the KPMG partner with responsibility for the external audit.

The principal matters considered by the Committee at its seven meetings since the start of 2018 are 
summarised below.

•  Internal and external audits 

Planning for and reviews of the audits undertaken. We focused on whether the internal auditors’ reviews, 
over their three-year cycle, were adequate to provide the level of comfort required. As a result, the number 
of internal audit hours was increased. They may be again to reflect the increasing size and complexity of the 
Group’s operations. With respect to the external audit, planning and reviews followed the normal course, except 
for the change in lead audit partner from John Bennett to Adrian Wilcox. John Bennett provided valedictory 
thoughts on the Group’s accounting systems and internal controls. They were useful reference points for the 
Committee. They have been considered and are being addressed with accounting system and internal control 
enhancements planned for 2019. The external audit was last tendered in 2012.

•  Global accounting function 

In the context of increasing size and complexity, the Committee considered the capability of the Group’s global 
accounting function and made suggestions in this respect to the Board during the year, which are being taken 
forward in 2019. The need for action was emphasised by internal control weaknesses and misstatements 
identified during the external audit of the 2018 accounts.

•  UK Bribery Act  

In view of the Group’s global footprint and the work undertaken for national governments, the Committee 
paid particular attention to compliance with the UK Bribery Act. Further strengthening in this area has been 
implemented in 2019.

24

Audit committee report
Continued

•  Working capital management 

In line with industry practice, the Group provides significant credit to certain of its clients. The Committee 
considered working capital management and made suggestions to the Board in this respect. Work in this area 
will continue in 2019. 

•  Changes of accounting policy and significant accounting judgements and estimates 

In discharging its responsibilities for the 2018 Annual Report and Accounts, the Committee considered the following.

•  Going concern – As explained on page 31, the financial statements have been prepared on the going concern 
basis. In this context the Audit Committee considered the Group’s ability to meet its obligations as they fall 
due for the foreseeable future, with particular reference to the significant credit which it extends to some 
of its clients. Management prepared a cash flow forecast for a period of 24 months as a basis for the going 
concern assessment. The Committee reviewed this forecast and the key assumptions on which it is based 
and is satisfied that they are appropriate. This, together with the Group’s strong balance sheet and the sale 
of the Group’s interest in Walker Media for cash in January 2019, support the continuing adoption of the going 
concern basis of accounting. 

•  Revenue recognition – Revenue recognition is a key accounting and risk area for the Group. As referred 

to above, the Board is taking forward the development of the Group’s accounting systems so that they keep 
pace with the increasing size and complexity of its business. The adoption of IFRS 15 added to the complexity 
and resulted in significant additional work for management and the external auditors. The Committee has 
devoted considerable time to reviewing these matters. It is satisfied that the Group’s revenue is not materially 
misstated. The Committee has requested that revenue accounting should be a particular area of focus for 
the on-going enhancements to the Group’s accounting systems. 

•  Put option accounting – as discussed in the Business Model section on page 4, entrepreneurialism 

and empowered management (locally and centrally) are key to the Group’s success. As part of this, 
business unit managers may have put options over their minority interest shares. These shares may be 
exchanged for a variable number of M&C Saatchi plc shares, the value of which reflects the performance 
of the particular business unit. In addition, the Company has call options which can be exercised in defined 
circumstances. The accounting for these put and call options is complicated. The Committee reviewed the 
key judgements made by management in this respect. This included considering whether the put options are 
remuneration for the managers concerned, with their fair value determined at inception and subsequently 
taken to the income statement on a straight line basis (IFRS 2), or whether they are more akin to shareholder 
rights with estimated fair value at inception taken directly to equity and subsequent movements in fair value 
taken to the income statement (IFRS 9). The Committee concluded that the presentation and valuation of the 
options are appropriate. 

25

Audit committee report
Continued

•  ‘Headline’ earnings – the Committee paid particular attention to the “alternative performance measures” 

included in the Annual Report and Accounts. It reviewed the Group’s policy for the exclusion of certain items 
when presenting Headline earnings and confirmed the consistent application of this policy from year to 
year. The only change in the 2018 accounts has been to reflect the effect of IFRS 9 on corporate venturing 
investments held by the Group (note 19b)

•  Goodwill – the Committee assessed management’s determination of the carrying value of goodwill, as well 
as their review of impairment triggers and consideration of impairment charges and reversals over the 
course of the year. The Committee also reviewed disclosures related to impairment in notes 16 and 17. The 
Committee is satisfied with the impairment conclusions reached and the presentation in the accounts.

•  Acquisition accounting – There were two corporate acquisitions by the Group during the year: Scarecrow 

Communications Limited and Red Hare Limited (along with its sister company Grey Whippet Ltd). Judgements 
and estimates were made, in particular, when allocating the purchase consideration to intangible assets 
(goodwill, customer relationships and brand name) acquired. These customer relationships and brand names 
are written off through the income statement over a three year period, while goodwill remains on the balance 
sheet unless impaired. Due to the way the Scarecrow Communications Limited acquisition was structured 
the accounting led to an impairment equal to the contingent consideration.

•  Auditor independence  

The external auditor, KPMG LLP, was first appointed for the financial year ended 31 December 2012. 
The Committee is satisfied that the Company has adequate policies and safeguards in place to ensure that KPMG 
maintains its objectivity and independence. The fees paid to KPMG in respect of non-audit services are shown 
in note 8. This work is not considered to affect the independence or objectivity of the auditor.

Michael Peat

Chairman of the Audit Committee
28 May 2019

26

Remuneration committee report

Remuneration Committee

The Board established a remuneration committee composed of the three Non-Executive Directors and is chaired 
by Lorna Tilbian. The Committee meets on an ad hoc basis, when there is a need to review Executive Directors’ 
pay and rewards. Due to the LTIP in place and the reliance of Executive Directors on Group dividends to reward 
performance, the committee met for the first time in March 2019, there were no meetings during the year.

It is the belief of the Committee that the remuneration of the Executive Board by way of salary, LTIP and dividend 
flow, aligns the interest of the Executive with that of the shareholders. The Executive Board members’ salaries 
are on average 6 (2017: 6) times the average Group salary, which is commensurate with their experience, contacts 
and responsibilities. 

The Remuneration Committee has the delegated responsibility for determining policy for Executive 
Director remuneration.

27

Remuneration committee report
Continued

Policy on Directors’ remuneration

Attracting and retaining high calibre executives is a key Group objective. We seek to reward them in a way that 
encourages the creation of value for shareholders, through LTIPs and a share in the Group’s dividends.

Directors’ pension arrangements

The pension contributions, if made, are to the Directors’ money purchase pension schemes.

Directors’ contracts

All Executive Directors listed in the Remuneration Report have service contracts with 12-month notice periods. 
All Non-Executive Directors have contracts with a nil to 30-day notice period dependent on the circumstances.

Directors’ options, conditional share awards

In 2016, four participants paid (by way of a combination of payroll taxes and subscription price) £100,727 each 
for the award. This amount is not refundable if the vesting conditions are not met. In addition, Jamie Hewitt 
participant paid (by way of a combination of subscription price and deferred payment) £51,267 for the award. This 
amount is not refundable and will be paid in full if the vesting conditions are not met.

Vesting of the awards is subject to:

•  The achievement of certain earnings and total shareholder return (TSR) targets (the ‘Performance Conditions’) 

measured over the period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 (the ‘Performance Period’); and

•  The Company’s share price being above £5.00 per share at a point during the period between 1 January 2019 

and 31 December 2022 (the ‘Share Price Target’).

20% of the award will be earned if average diluted EPS growth over the Performance Period is above 10%. This 20% 
level will increase to 100% of the award on a straight-line basis if diluted EPS growth over the Performance Period 
is between 10% and 20% (with 100% of the award being earned if diluted EPS growth of 20% or more is achieved). 
If EPS growth is below 10% diluted, no award will be earned. 

28

Remuneration committee report
Continued

Earned awards will be adjusted by the TSR condition. If TSR over the Performance Period is above 50% an earned 
award will be increased by a half; if TSR over the Performance Period is between 0% and 50% no adjustment will 
be made to an earned award; if TSR over the Performance Period is below 0% then earned awards will be reduced 
by 25%. The base share price used for TSR is 297p being the share price at the time the award was valued.

Subject to the Share Price Target being achieved, an earned award, representing shares in M&C Saatchi Worldwide, 
may be exchanged for M&C Saatchi plc shares. The maximum number of M&C Saatchi plc shares that may be 
required to be issued under the LTIP arrangements is 3,383,605.

The award caused an accounting charge of £401k in the year (2017: £401k).

Based on the results in these accounts and providing the Company’s share price is above £5.00 per share at a point 
during the period between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022, Jeremy Sinclair, David Kershaw, Bill Muirhead 
and Maurice Saatchi (four participants) will each receive 160,562 M&C Saatchi plc shares.

In the case of Jamie Hewitt, his equity was acquired from him in March 2019, for an amount equal 
to the deferred payment.

The board holds no other options in the Group or shares in subsidiary companies.

Non-Executive Directors

The remuneration of the Non-Executive Directors is determined by the Board. Fees paid to Non-Executive 
Directors are reflective of skills and experience and the time required to undertake the role. No element 
of pay is performance related.

Other benefits

No Director of the Company has received or become entitled to receive a benefit (other than a fixed salary as 
an employee/consultant of the Company, the options indicated in this report, or a benefit included in the aggregate 
amount of remuneration shown in the financial statements) by reason of a contract made by the Company or a 
related corporation of which the Director is a member or with a company in which the Director has a substantial 
financial interest.

By order of the Board

Andy Blackstone

Company Secretary
28 May 2019

29

Remuneration committee report
Continued

2018

Directors

David Kershaw

Bill Muirhead

Maurice Saatchi

Jeremy Sinclair

Jamie Hewitt

Total

Non-Executive Directors

Jonathan Goldstein1 

Michael Dobbs

Michael Peat

Lorna Tilbian3

Total

Total Rewards

2017

Directors

David Kershaw

Bill Muirhead

Maurice Saatchi

Jeremy Sinclair

Jamie Hewitt

Total

Non-Executive Directors

Jonathan Goldstein 

Michael Dobbs

Michael Peat

Total

Total Rewards

Basic salary  
£000

Bonus  
£000

Benefits in kind2  
£000

Pension  
£000

374

374

374

374

250

1,746

40

40

40

39

159

1,905

–

–

–

–

125

125

–

–

–

–

–

125

47

47

42

46

5

187

–

–

–

–

–

187

–

–

–

–

15

15

–

–

–

–

–

15

Basic salary  
£000

Bonus1  
£000

Benefits in kind2  
£000

Pension  
£000

374

374

374

374

250

1,746

40

40

40

120

1,866

–

–

–

–

125

125

–

–

–

–

125

46

47

42

45

4

184

–

–

–

–

184

–

–

–

–

15

15

–

–

–

–

15

1  Announced as resigning on 31 December 2018.
2  Benefits in kind include car allowances and permanent health insurance benefit.
3  Served on Board for only part of the year.

Total  
£000

421

421

416

420

395

2,073

40

40

40

39

159

2,232

Total  
£000

420

421

416

419

394

2,070

40

40

40

120

2,190

30

Directors’ report

The Directors submit their report together with the audited financial statements of the Group and Company 
for the year ended 31 December 2018.

Strategic Report

A review of the Company’s business during the year, the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group and future 
prospects and developments are included in Strategic Report on pages 2 to 17 which should be read in conjunction 
with this report.

Results and dividends

The consolidated income statement on page 44 shows the results for the year. The Directors approved an interim 
dividend of 2.45p totalling £2,116,521 (2017: £1,715,562) and recommend a final dividend of 8.51p totalling £7,566,099 
(2017: £6,261,033).

Principal activity, trading review and future developments

The principal activity of the Group during the year was the provision of advertising and marketing services. 
The review of trading, future developments and key performance indicators can be found in the Strategic Report.

Going concern

Given the strength of the Group’s balance sheet, its forecast compliance with bank covenants, the risks the Group 
faces (note 28 and page 96) and the steps it is taking to address those risks, its January 2019 sale of 24.9% 
stake in Walker Media for £25m cash, the expected trading performance and cash flow projections for a period 
of two years, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue 
in operational existence for the foreseeable future. 

The Directors review the Group’s profit forecasts, and review monthly its balance sheet and cash flow forecasts. 
Annually, or earlier if needed, the longer term (two year) cash flow projections of the Group are reviewed, 
based on anticipated scenarios and acquisitions. If additional funding is required, it is secured before 
expenditure is committed. 

Given the risks the Group faces, and the need to continuously change and invest in our client offerings, a two year 
time horizon is the maximum length of time the Directors can foresee, however the Directors have a longer term 
vision and estimates (5 years), these though are at too high level for detailed financial planning and risk assessment.

Dividend 
+15% per share
£9.7m (2017: £8.1m)

31

Directors’ report
Continued

The Directors note that the £36m banking facility expires 30 April 2020, the Directors at the date of signing are 
conducting a strategic review of our banking facility and how we can utilise positive working capital balances 
in some subsidiaries and currencies against negative working capital balances elsewhere as well as increasing 
central control automation and reporting. It is clear from credit approved offers we have received that the banks 
have appetite for our debt, and the renewal of the facility does not change the Directors view of going concern, 
the accounts do not include any adjustments in the event the going concern assumption is not appropriate. 

Based on this, the Groups risks and uncertainties and the description of the Groups financial position in the Finance 
Director’s review, the Directors believe the Group will continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future.

Financial instruments

Details of the use of financial instruments by the Group are contained in notes 24 to 26 of the financial statements. 

Political contributions 

During the year, the Group made no political donations (2017: nil).

Directors

The names of the Directors are given on pages 22 and 23, biographies can be found on our website 
(www.mcsaatchiplc.com). Details relating to Board meeting attendance and composition of the ancillary 
committees is held in the Governance Review on pages 18 to 21.

Social responsibility

The Group follows the guidance in the International (Social Responsibility) Standard ISO 26000 and is accredited 
for BS OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001 and is registered with CIPS Sustainability Index. 

On top of this, the Group is involved with many campaigns (including paid, low bono and pro bono) that help create 
a socially responsible world.

Anti-bribery and corruption

The Group has well-established anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies (including management of conflicts 
of interest) aimed at ensuring adherence to associated legal and regulatory requirements.

Whistle-blowing

Employees are encouraged to report any potential, or apparent, malpractice or misconduct in confidence 
in accordance with the Group’s internal whistle-blowing policy.

32

Directors’ report
Continued

Employees and equal opportunities

The Group’s equal opportunities policy is not to discriminate on any grounds other than someone’s ability to work 
effectively. To deliver this we will make reasonable adjustments to working arrangements and to the physical aspects 
of the workplaces.

Diversity of thought is important to the Group and its clients. The Group is working globally and locally to improve its 
future talent pool and to enhance our ability to attract and nurture the best talent regardless of background, ethnicity 
or any disabilities. For details of our initiatives please see www.mcsaatchi.com/diversity/.

The Group recognises that its principal asset is its employees and their commitment to the Group’s service, 
standards and customers. Decisions are made wherever possible in consultation with local management, 
with succession planning performed on a regular basis at all levels. Communication with employees varies 
according to need and local business size.

Slavery and human trafficking statement

The Group continually monitors its supply chains and operates a zero-tolerance policy to slavery and human 
trafficking as reflected in its Modern Slavery Statement. (www.mcsaatchiplc.com/#governance)

Directors’ conflict of interest

Under the Companies Act 2006 (the ‘Act’), Directors are subject to a statutory duty to avoid a situation where they 
have, or can have, a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, or may conflict, with the interests of the Company. 
Directors are required to notify the Company of any conflict or potential conflict of interest under an established 
procedure and any conflicts or potential conflicts are noted at each Board meeting.

Directors’ liability Insurance and indemnity

The Company purchases insurance to cover its Directors and Officers against costs they may incur in defending 
themselves in legal proceedings instigated against them as a direct result of duties carried out on behalf 
of the Company. 

33

Directors’ report
Continued

Directors & Substantial shareholdings

As at 22 May 2019, the Company has been notified by shareholders representing 3% or more of issued share capital 
of the following interests:

Octopus Investments 

Paradice Investment Management 

Aviva plc and its subsidiaries

Oppenheimer Funds

Herald Investment Trust

David Kershaw*

Bill Muirhead*

Maurice Saatchi*

Jeremy Sinclair*

Investec Wealth & Investment

Invesco Perpetual

Polar Capital

Canaccord Genuity

Close Brothers Asset Management

Shares held

12,208,224

9,465,470

4,692,384

4,635,004

4,136,433

4,127,060

4,127,060

4,127,060

4,127,060

4,002,248

3,892,004

3,870,416

3,550,000

3,031,212

%

11.9%

11.3%

5.3%

5.2%

4.7%

4.6%

4.6%

4.6%

4.6%

4.5%

4.4%

4.4%

4.0%

3.4%

* The above directors’ shares have not changed during the year. Jamie Hewitt held 54,451 shares till all were sold on 25 September 2018

Regularly updated details of the Directors and substantial shareholding can be found on the corporate website  
www.mcsaatchiplc.com.

Events since the end of the financial year

On the 31 January 2019 the Group sold its 24.9% associate Walker Media (trading as Blue 449) to the Publicis Group 
for £25m cash. Walker Media comprised 83% of the Group’s associate income, so its sale will reduce the Group’s 
future associate income by £2.4m, reduce the Group’s interest payments and increase our effective tax rate by 1.3%. 

Prior to the year end the Group agreed to the terms to extend the lease on its head office, at 36 Golden 
Square, London, W1F 9EE, by 15 years. The lease extension will be entered into following the signing of these 
accounts and will have the effect of delaying the benefit on transition to IFRS16 from this material tail end lease 
for some years. 

The Directors are not aware of any other events since the end of the financial year that have had, or may have, 
a significant impact on the Group’s operations, the results of those operations, or the state of affairs of the Group 
in future years.

More than 20% 
Shares held by less 
than 3% holders 

34

Directors’ report
Continued

Treasury shares

At the Annual General Meeting (AGM) in 2018, the Directors were given the authority to purchase up to 8,270,000 
of its ordinary shares. The Directors will seek to renew this authority at the next AGM. During the year, the Company 
held 700,000 of its ordinary shares (‘treasury shares’). The Directors will use them to fulfil option obligations.

Directors’ power to issue shares

At the AGM in 2018, the Directors were given the authority to issue up to 55,000,000 of its ordinary shares of which 
8,270,000 were approved to be issued for cash. During the year, the Company issued 6,270,751 shares to fulfil options 
and to acquire equity (note 25). The Company did not issue any shares for cash.

Shares issued  
in year 6.3M

Change of control

Depending on the circumstance, some of our put option agreements vest on change of control.

Auditor

The current Directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of  any 
information needed by the Company’s Auditor for the purposes of their audit and to establish that the Auditor 
is aware of that information. The Directors are not aware of any relevant audit information of which the 
Auditor is unaware. 

KPMG LLP will be seeking re-appointment as Auditor of the Company and a resolution proposing this will be put 
to the 2018 AGM.

35

Statement of directors’ responsibilities

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Group and parent Company financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the Directors to prepare Group and Parent Company financial statements for each financial 
year. As required by the AIM Rules of the London Stock Exchange (and UK Law), they are required to prepare 
the Group financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted 
by the European Union (IFRSs as adopted by the EU) and applicable law and have elected to prepare the parent 
Company financial statements in accordance with UK accounting standards and applicable law (UK Generally 
Accepted Accounting Practice), including FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework. For a full Group accounting year 
following BREXIT, IFRSs as adopted by the EU will be replaced by UK adopted IFRS. The first such accounting period 
that could be affected by this change is the year ended 31 December 2020.

Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and Parent Company and of their profit or loss for that 
period. In preparing each of the Group and Parent Company financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable, relevant, reliable and prudent; 

•  for the Group financial statements, state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs 

as adopted by the EU; 

•  for the Parent Company financial statements, state whether applicable UK accounting standards have been 

followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 

•  assess the Group and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters 

related to going concern; and 

•  use the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent Company 

or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

36

Statement of directors’ responsibilities
Continued

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the parent Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of 
the parent Company and enable them to ensure that its financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. 
They are responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and have general responsibility 
for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the Group and to prevent and detect 
fraud and other irregularities. 

Under applicable law and regulations, the Directors are also responsible for preparing a Strategic Report 
and a Directors’ Report that comply with that law and those regulations. 

In accordance with the principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Board has established arrangements 
to evaluate whether the information presented in the Annual Report is fair, balanced and understandable. 

The Board considers the Annual Report and financial statements, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and 
understandable and provides the information necessary for shareowners to assess the Company’s position, 
performance, business model and strategy.

Website publication

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information 
included on the company’s website (www.mcsaatchiplc.com). Legislation in the UK governing the preparation 
and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

By order of the Board

Andy Blackstone

Company Secretary 
24 May 2019

Regular updates
www.mcsaatchiplc.com

37

38

Preparation 

Consolidated income statement

Consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income

Consolidated balance sheet

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Consolidated cash flow statements and 
analysis of net debt

1. Headline results and earnings per share

2. Changes in accounting policies 

3. Segmental information

4. Revenue from contracts with customers

5. Group companies

6. Operating costs

7. Staff costs

8. Auditors' remuneration

9. Net finance income / (costs)

10. Taxation

11. Deferred taxation

12. Dividends

13. Acquisitions

14. Cash consumed by acquisitions

15. Deferred and contingent consideration

40

44

45

46

48

49

50

54

58

64

67

72

73

73

74

74

76

77

78

79

79

16. Intangible assets

17. Investments in associates and joint ventures

18. Plant and equipment

19. Other non-current assets

20. Trade and other receivables

21. Trade and other payables

22. Borrowings

23. Other non-current liabilities

24. Minority shareholder put option liabilities

25. Share capital

26. Share based payments

27. Fair value measurement

28. Financial risk management

29. Related party transactions

30. Commitments

31. Assets held for sale

32. Post balance sheet events

33. Other accounting policies

34. New and revised standards issued but 
not yet effective

Company accounts

Independent Auditors Report

Additional information

80

82

84

85

86

87

87

88

89

91

92

96

98

101

101

101

102

102

103

104

110

120

39

 
 
Preparation

Preparation

Basis of preparation

Critical accounting policies

The Group’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, 
as discussed in the Director’s report on page 31, and in accordance with EU-endorsed International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS.

Certain of the Group’s significant accounting policies are considered by the Directors to be critical 
due to the level of complexity, judgement, or estimation involved in their application and potential 
impact on the consolidated financial statements. The critical accounting policies are listed below 
and explained in more detail in the relevant notes to the Group financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements are presented in pounds sterling and, unless stated otherwise, 
rounded to the nearest thousand. They have been prepared under the historical cost convention, 
except for the revaluation of certain financial instruments.

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate ruling at the dates 
of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies 
are retranslated at the exchange rates ruling at the balance sheet date, with the resulting 
exchange differences recognised in the income statement.

Consolidation

The financial statements of the Group consolidates the results of the Company and its subsidiary 
entities, and includes its share of its joint ventures’ and associates’ results accounted for under 
the equity method.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the Group. The Group controls a subsidiary when it is exposed, 
or has the rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the subsidiary and has the ability 
to affect those returns through its power over the subsidiary.

The results of subsidiaries are included from the date of acquisition. Where necessary, adjustments 
are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line 
with those of the Group. Intra Group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated 
on consolidation.

Where a consolidated company is less than 100% owned by the Group, the non-controlling interest 
share of the results and net assets is recognised at each reporting date in equity separately from 
the equity attributable to the shareholders of the company.

The assets and liabilities of overseas subsidiaries (which comprise the Group’s net investment 
in foreign operations) are translated at the exchange rate ruling at the balance sheet date. 
The resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated 
in equity within the foreign exchange reserve.

Significant accounting policies

The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial 
statements are set out in the relevant notes. These policies have been applied consistently 
to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

Revenue recognition

The Group applied IFRS 15 Revenue from customers at the start of the year. The nature 
and effect of the changes in terms of how the Group recognised revenue as a result of adoption 
is described in note 2.

The Group is in the business of the provision of advertising and marketing services. Revenue 
comprises commission and fees earned and is stated exclusive of VAT. Revenue from contracts 
with customers is recognised as, or when, the performance obligations present within the 
contractual agreements are satisfied. The type of fees arising from the contractual agreements 
entered into with clients include:

 – project fees

 – retainer fees

 – commission on media spend and other activities where we act as agent arranging for a third 

party (such as Talent) to provide services to a client.

See note 4 for full Revenue accounting policy.

Accounting for subsidiary acquisitions

The acquisition of subsidiary enterprises is accounted for as a business combination by application 
of the acquisition method. Under the acquisition method the fair value of the consideration provided 
is compared to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities subsumed. Such identification may 
result in the identification of intangible assets which would otherwise not be recognised, such as 
customer lists. The difference between the fair value of consideration provided and the fair value 
of the net assets acquired is recognised as either goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Intangible assets comprise goodwill, certain intangible assets arising as a result of a business 
combination (such as brand names or customer relationships) and capitalised computer software. 
Other than Goodwill, no intangible assets held by the Group are considered to have an indefinite life 
and are amortised over their useful life. Goodwill is not amortised and held at cost less accumulated 
impairment losses. Impairment reviews are undertaken annually in the absence of any indication 
of impairment. If goodwill, or any other intangible asset, has an indication of impairment then reviews 
for potential impairment are performed as required.

40

Preparation
Continued

Put option accounting (IFRS 2 and IFRS 9)

Significant accounting judgements

It is common for equity partners in the Group’s subsidiaries (‘minority interests’, ‘MI’) to hold put 
options over their equity such that they can require the Group to purchase their non-controlling 
interest for either a variable number of shares or cash. Dependent on the terms of the underlying 
agreement these options are either recognised as a liability under IFRS 9 (note 24) or as a 
conditional share awards in the scope of IFRS 2 (note 26). 

Under IFRS 9 the associated liability is recognised at fair value at inception of the agreement 
and then remeasured at the end of each reporting period, with the change in the fair value 
of the instruments being recognised in the income statement as profit or loss.

Typically, the terms of instruments accounted for under IFRS 2 are such that they have the cost 
of the transaction measured at fair value on the grant date. This cost is then recognised over 
the life of the award and accumulated within equity.

Headline results

As reflected in our business model (page 4) the Directors believe that the headline results and 
headline earnings per share (see note 1) provide additional useful information on the underlying 
performance of the business. The headline results reflect the underlying profitability of the business 
units by excluding all effects of buying and selling equity by the Group; and the accounting effects 
of the entrepreneurs holding equity in the businesses they run. This results in accounting charges 
and credits to the income statement for the Group’s fair value liability of its local entrepreneurs’ 
equity conversion rights, but does not account for the increase in value of the businesses.

In addition, the headline results are used for internal performance management and to calculate 
minority shareholder put option liabilities. The term ‘headline’ is not a defined term in IFRS. 
Note 1 reconciles reported to headline results.

Our segmental reporting (note 3) reflects our headline results in accordance with IFRS 8.

The items that are excluded from headline results are the amortisation or impairment of intangible 
assets (including goodwill and acquired intangibles, but excluding software) acquired in business 
combinations, changes to deferred and contingent consideration and other acquisition related 
charges taken to the income statement; impairment of investment in associates; profit or loss 
on disposal of associates; revaluation of investments and their related costs; and the income 
statement impact of put option accounting and share based payment charges. Note 1 shows 
a reconciliation between the Group’s statutory results and the headline results.

Significant accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the course of preparing financial statements, management necessarily makes judgements 
and estimates that can have a significant impact on the financial statements. Estimates and 
judgements made are continually evaluated based on historical experience and other factors, 
including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. 
The estimates and judgements that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the 
financial statements in future periods are outlined below.

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following 
judgements, which have the most significant effect in terms of the amounts recognised, and their 
presentation, in the consolidated financial statements.

With the adoption of IFRS 15 the Group has recognised three categories of critical judgements 
in terms of revenue which relate to (i) agent versus principal considerations (ii) the impact on 
the number of performance obligations in a contract which has integrated services and (iii) media 
volume income recognition as revenue from contracts with customers.

Agent versus principal considerations

The Group enters into contracts with customers which include arrangements where it purchases 
services or goods from third parties on behalf of the client. In these instances, the Group considers 
the substance of the overall contract in order to assess whether such arrangements constitute the 
Group acting as either an Agent or as Principal. The adoption of ‘IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts 
with customers’ has significantly changed this assessment (compared to legacy IFRS) and, as 
disclosed in note 2, led to an increase in revenue recognised as Principal and an identical reduction 
in revenue which would otherwise have been recognised as Agency .This change is the most 
significant effect of the adoption of ‘IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers’.

The key judgement the Group make when assessing whether they are acting as an Agent 
in a contractual relationship relates to whether they control either the good or the service 
prior to transfer to the customer. This assessment includes consideration of the following 
indicators of control:

• 

Is the Group responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the goods or services in 
an acceptable format or to a satisfactory quality to meet the customer requirements?

•  Does the Group direct the activity of the other party performing the service?

•  Does the Group provide a service of integrating or combining the third-party goods or services 

with other goods or services?

In addition, certain of the Group’s contractual arrangements where the Group is acting as Agent 
(specifically for Talent – see Note 4d) have a significant time lag between the Group’s involvement 
in arranging for services to be provided by a third party to a client, and the actual point at which 
these services are provided by the third party. In these instances, it has been concluded that 
the performance obligation related to arranging the services to be provided is completed once 
the services have been performed (as opposed to when they have been arranged to perform).

41

Preparation
Continued

Multiple contractual terms

We build our services around our client’s needs, and often use client’s standard terms with 
negotiated modification, this results in many different contractual arrangements.

Judgment is needed to interpretation of contractual terms under IFRS15 to work out when revenue 
is recognised. Small changes in the contractual terms and implied contractual terms can change 
the period in which revenue is recognised. 

Identification of performance obligations for integrated services and their 
recognition as revenue

The Group often enters into contracts with customers which include the provision of an array 
of services which are judged as representing a single performance obligation. Such instances arise 
where the over-arching objective of the contract is comprised of a number of discrete activities 
which are integrated into the provision of a wider overall service. An example would be where 
the Group has been engaged to produce a client’s media strategy. The formulation and delivery 
of this strategy is comprised of a number of individual services, but the delivery of the strategy 
is assessed as being the only performance obligation resident in the contract as the discrete 
services being supplied are not distinct in the context of the contract as a whole.

Management consider the following features of contractual arrangements entered into with 
customers when assessing whether a contract has a number of services which are not distinct 
and is thus comprised of a combined performance obligation:

•  Can the client benefit from the individual goods or services promised in the contract on their 

own (or in combination with resources readily available to the client).

•  Can a single method of measuring progress of satisfaction of the combined performance 

obligation be applied which faithfully depicts the economics of the arrangement.

• 

Is there a single payment mechanism for the combined performance obligation.

•  Does the Group perform a significant service of integrating the services provided and are these 

promised services highly interdependent.

Certain of the Group’s contractual relationships which are represented by a combined performance 
obligation are solely remunerated in terms of commissions earned on media purchases made 
on behalf of the client. In the majority of instances media buying represents an agency relationship. 
The combined performance obligation however may include elements of services which, if they 
comprised a performance obligation in their own right, would be principal in nature. In these 
instances, as the aggregate of services provided are not separable, management have concluded 
that fees should be recognised entirely as agent or entirely as principal in nature. The most 
appropriate basis as to whether the revenue recognised by these types of arrangements should 
be as agent or as principal has been concluded as being that represented by the manner in which 
the fees are calculated.

Media volume income

As disclosed in note 4, the Group receives volume rebates from certain suppliers for transactions 
entered into on behalf of clients, which the clients have agreed we can retain. Based on the 
contractual terms of the agreements entered into being such that the Group acts as Agent in these 
instances, such rebates are, in the judgement of management, recognised as revenue from contracts 
with customers where terms are such that the rebates are retained by the Group.

Certain of the Group’s clients, however, have contractual terms such that the pricing of their 
contracts are structured with the volume rebate being passed through to them. As such, the timing 
of recognition and valuation of media volume income is subject to judgement in terms of the amounts 
which are to be retained by the Group and amounts which are to be provided for in lieu of their pass 
through to clients.

Minority interest put option accounting – IFRS 2 or IFRS 9

As noted on page 42 accounting for Minority Interest (MI) put options comprises a critical accounting 
policy. Ascertaining whether such put options should be accounted for under IFRS 9 (which results 
in the recognition of liabilities) or whether the awards are in scope of IFRS 2 (which does not result 
in liabilities) is a key management judgement.

The key feature of the awards made to MI (who hold an equity share in subsidiary enterprises) 
is whether the awards are linked to their employment by the Group. Where the terms of the awards 
are such that the holders are able to redeem the option in exchange for a variable number of shares 
in the parent of the Group conditional on their employment then the awards are accounted for 
as an equity-settled share-based payment in exchange for employment services. Where the holder 
is entitled to exchange the option in the future for a variable number of shares in the parent of the 
Group with no requirement to be an employee, or other associated indicators of employment, then 
the award is recognised as a liability.

The valuation of these awards represent sources of estimation uncertainty which are 
discussed below.

Impairment – assessment of CGUs and assessment of indicators of impairment

Where possible, impairment is assessed at the level of individual assets. When, however, this is not 
possible, then the Cash Generating Unit (‘CGU’) level is used. A CGU is the smallest identifiable 
asset or group of assets that generates independent cash flows. Judgement is applied to identify 
the Group’s CGUs; however, they are typically comprised of the underlying entities (both trading 
subsidiaries and associates) which comprise the Group. This is on the basis that each of these 
entities represents a stand-alone operating business, none of which holds a cluster of assets 
which could constitute a CGU in their own right. Goodwill is always allocated to a CGU and never 
considered in isolation.

External and internal factors are monitored for indicators of impairment. In terms of such indicators, 
management typically consider adverse changes in the economy or political situation of the 
geographic locale in which the underlying entity operates in addition to risk of client loss or gain 
and internal reporting being indicative that an entity’s future economic performance is better 
or worse than expected.

42

Preparation
Continued

Where management have concluded that such an indication of impairment exists then 
the recoverable amount of the asset is assessed (see significant estimates).

Estimates and assumptions

Those areas of the Group’s financial statements subject to key assumptions and other significant 
sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing 
a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year 
are described below. The Group has based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available 
when the financial statements were prepared. 

Impairment

Management’s approach for determining the recoverable amount of an individual asset or CGU 
is based on their value in use. Generally, discounted cash flow models are used to determine 
the recoverable amount of CGUs. The appropriate estimates and assumptions used require 
judgement and there is significant estimation uncertainty. The results of impairment reviews 
conducted at the end of the year are held in note 16. The key variables used in the assessment 
of the recoverable amount include:

•  Five-year forecasts of CGU performance.

•  Discount rate used to calculate present value of future cashflows.

In the year there have been total impairments relating to goodwill of £2,121k (2017: £5,214k) 
and the value of goodwill held at year end was £42,957k (2017: 40,803k).

Acquired intangibles

On acquisition specific intangible assets are identified, recognised separately from goodwill, 
measured at fair value and amortised over their estimated useful lives. Typically, these include items 
such as brand names and customer lists. The valuation at which these assets are recognised are 
calculated using an appropriate valuation model. Valuation models used by management include 
royalty relief method and direct cash flow approaches. 

Details surrounding the intangible assets recognised in the year are held at note 16. The 
value of intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination, excluding goodwill, 
at 31 December 2018 is £2,859k (2017, £2,591k).

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

The Group holds certain financial instruments which are recorded on the balance sheet at fair 
value. At the year-end these relate to (i) Equity investments at FVTPL in non-listed limited companies 
(note 19) and (ii) Put option liabilities (note 24). No active market exists for either of these financial 
instruments and their fair value is measured by the most appropriate valuation techniques available, 
which vary based on the nature of the instruments. The inputs to the valuation models are taken from 
observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required 
in establishing fair values. 

The basis of calculation of the estimated fair value of these financial instruments in addition 
to sensitivity analyses on the estimates salient inputs are detailed in note 27. 

Share based incentive arrangements

Share based incentive arrangements are (and have been in the year) provided to certain employees. 
These are valued at the date of the grant using stochastic Monte Carlo pricing models with non-
market vesting conditions. Typically, the value of these awards is directly related to performance 
of a particular entity of the Group in which the employee holds a minority interest of the equity. 
The key inputs to the pricing model therefore involve management judgement, being in terms of 
interest rates, share price volatility and expected future performance of the entity to which the 
award relates. Management used various sources of information, including the Group’s own share 
price information, historical experience of past performance and published data on risk-free interest 
rates (government gilts).

Details of awards made in the year are held at note 26. The charge recognised in the current year 
in respect of these arrangements is £6,104k (2017: £13,501k).

43

Consolidated Income statement

Year ended 31 December 

Billings

Revenue

Project cost

House cost

Operating costs

Staff cost

Other gains 

Operating profit

Share of results of associates and joint ventures

Finance income

Finance costs

Profit before taxation

Taxation

Profit for the year

Attributable to:

Equity shareholders of the Group

Non-controlling interests

Profit for the year

Earnings per share

Basic (pence)

Diluted (pence)

Headline results*

Operating profit

Profit before tax

Profit after tax attributable to equity shareholders of the Group

Basic earnings per share (pence)

Diluted earnings per share (pence)

Revenue

Project cost

Net revenue

* The reconciliation of headline to statutory results above can be found in note 1.

The notes on pages 40 to 43 and 50 to 103 form part of these consolidated financial statements.

2017 
£000

-

(58,827)

(58,827)

2018 
£000

(167,031)

(57,653)

(224,684)

 Note

1

1

6

7

19b 

1

17

9

9

1

10

1

1

1

1

1

2018 
£000

609,610

422,404

(224,684)

(182,536)

1,584

16,768

2,825

273

(2,268)

17,598

(6,635)

10,963

8,255

2,708

10,963

9.79p

9.15p

30,327

32,297

21,096

25.01p

23.38p

422,404

(167,031)

255,373

2017 
£000

535,964

251,481

(187,319)

-

5,335

1,987

3,326

(1,346)

9,302

(4,736)

4,566

2,672

1,894

4,566

3.43p

3.16p

26,725

27,655

17,971

23.04p

21.22p

251,481

-

251,481

44

 
 
 
 
Consolidated STATEMENT OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Year ended 31 December 

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income*

Exchange differences on translating foreign operations before tax

Other comprehensive income for the year net of tax

Total comprehensive income for the year

Total comprehensive income attributable to:

Equity shareholders of the Group

Non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive income for the year

* All items in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income will be reclassified to the income statement

The notes on pages 40 to 43 and 50 to 103 form part of these consolidated financial statements.

2018 
£000

10,963

1,000

1,000

2017 
£000

4,566

(1,177)

(1,177)

11,963

3,389

9,255

2,708

11,963

1,495

1,894

3,389

45

Consolidated BALANCE SHEET

At 31 December

Non-current assets

Intangible assets

Investments in associates and JV

Plant and equipment

Other non-current assets

Deferred tax assets

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Current tax assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Non-current assets classified as Held-for-sale

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Current tax liabilities

Borrowings

Deferred and contingent consideration

Minority shareholder put option liabilities

Net current assets

Total assets less current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

Borrowings

Contingent consideration

Minority shareholder put option liabilities

Other non-current liabilities

Total net assets

Note

16

17

18

19

11

19b

20

31

21

22

15

24

11

22

15

24

23

2018 
£000

49,780

9,483

13,274

4,248

5,687

12,958

95,430

150,941

968

50,065

13,106

215,080

(142,627)

(3,318)

(14,060)

(752)

(12,327)

(173,084)

41,996

137,426

(1,444)

(38,541)

(514)

(6,063)

(1,944)

(48,506)

88,920

2017 
£000

48,515

19,725

12,269

9,325

4,797

-

94,631

120,096

945

48,957

-

169,998

(128,256)

(1,221)

(3,731)

(377)

(14,813)

(148,398)

21,600

116,231

(761)

(37,764)

(833)

(10,316)

(2,487)

(52,161)

64,070

The notes on pages 40 to 43 and 50 to 103 form part of these consolidated financial statements.

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated BALANCE SHEET
Continued

At 31 December 

Equity

Share capital

Share premium

Merger reserve

Treasury reserve

Minority interest put option reserve

Non-controlling interest acquired

Foreign exchange reserve

Retained earnings

Equity attributable to shareholders of the Group

Non-controlling interest

Total equity

 Note

29

2018 
£000

876

46,667

31,592

(792)

(12,954)

(22,464)

4,593

34,195

81,713

7,207

88,920

2017 
£000

813

32,095

31,592

(792)

(13,958)

(21,040)

3,593

25,235

57,538

6,532

64,070

These consolidated financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board on 24 May 2019 and signed on its behalf by: 

David Kershaw
Chief Executive
M&C Saatchi plc
Company Number 05114893

The notes on pages 40 to 43 and 50 to 103 form part of these consolidated financial statements.

47

 
 
Consolidated Statement of changes in equity

At 1 January 2017

Acquisitions

Acquisitions of minority interest

Exercise of put options

Exchange rate movements

Share option charge

Dividends

Total transactions with owners

Total comprehensive 
income for the year

At 31 December 2017

Adjustment on initial 
application of IFRS 15

Adjustment on initial 
application of IFRS 9

Adjusted balance at 1 January 2018

Acquisitions

Acquisitions of minority interest

Exercise of put options

Exchange rate movements

Deferred consideration

Issue of shares to minorities

Share option charge

Dividends

Total transactions with owners

Total comprehensive 
income for the year

At 31 December 2018

26

12

13

14

15

26

12

Share 
capital
£000

Share 
premium
£000

Merger 
reserve
£000

Treasury 
reserve
£000

Note

MI put 
option 
reserve 
£000

Non- 
controlling  
interest  
acquired  
£000

Foreign  
exchange  
reserves 
£000

Retained  
earnings 
£000

Subtotal 
£000

Non- 
controlling  
interest  
in equity  
£000

749

24,099

31,592

(792)

(20,598)

(13,122)

4,770

15,871

42,569

6,828

4

5

55

–

–

–

64

–

1,498

1,587

4,911

–

–

–

7,996

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6,640

–

–

–

–

(1,390)

(6,640)

112

–

–

6,640

(7,918)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(61)

–

13,501

(6,748)

6,692

1,502

202

4,905

112

13,501

(6,748)

13,474

–

–

(1,177)

2,672

1,495

813

32,095

31,592

(792)

(13,958)

(21,040)

3,593

25,235

57,538

–

–

813

18

–

44

–

1

–

–

–

63

–

–

–

32,095

6,484

–

7,630

–

458

–

–

–

14,572

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

28

28

2,971

2,971

31,592

(792)

(13,958)

(21,040)

3,593

28,234

60,537

6,532

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

973

31

–

–

–

–

–

(319)

(973)

(132)

–

–

–

–

1,004

(1,424)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(20)

–

–

–

6,104

(8,378)

(2,294)

6,502

(319)

7,654

(101)

459

–

6,104

(8,378)

11,921

876

46,667

31,592

(792)

(12,954)

(22,464)

4,593

34,195

81,713

7,207

88,920

–

–

1,000

8,255

9,255

2,708

11,963

Total 
£000

49,397

1,737

512

4,905

(140)

13,501

(9,231)

11,284

3,389

64,070

28

2,971

67,069

6,502

(319)

7,654

(77)

459

551

6,104

235

310

–

(252)

–

(2,483)

(2,190)

1,894

6,532

–

–

–

–

–

24

–

551

–

(2,608)

(10,986)

(2,033)

9,888

The definitions of the reserves reported above can be found in note 33. 

The notes on pages 40 to 43 and 50 to 103 form part of these financial statements.

48

 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated cash flow statement and analysis of net debt

Note

6

7

2018 
£000

255,373

(57,653)

2017 
£000

251,481

(58,827)

Year ended 31 December

Note

Net cash from operating and investing activities

Financing activities

(182,536)

(187,319)

Dividends paid to equity holders of the Company

12

Year ended 31 December

Net revenue

House cost

Staff cost

Other gains

Operating profit 

Adjustments for:

Depreciation of plant and equipment

Loss on sale of plant and equipment

Loss on sale of software intangibles

Increase in financial assets at FVTPL

Impairment and amortisation of acquired intangible assets

Impairment of associate and investments

Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles

Amortisation of capitalised software intangible assets

Equity settled share-based payment expenses

Operating cash before movements in working capital

Increase in trade and other receivables

Increase in contract assets

Increase in trade and other payables

Increase in contract liabilities

Cash generated from operations

Tax paid

Net cash from operating activities

Investing activities

Acquisitions of subsidiaries net of cash acquired

Acquisitions of associates

Acquisitions of unlisted investments

Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment

Purchase of plant and equipment

Purchase of capitalised software

Dividends received from associates

Interest received

Net cash consumed investing activities

Net cash from operating and investing activities

1,584

16,768

 –

5,335

18

3,558

3,079

75

9

19b

(1,584)

16

17

16

16

26

19b

14

19

18

17

4,427

674

2,195

303

6,104

32,529

(25,231)

(679)

153

8,240

15,012

(6,018)

8,994

441

(904)

(780)

77

(4,597)

(1,046)

428

273

(6,108)

2,886

57

4

–

2,021

–

5,214

211

13,501

29,422

(10,806)

–

11,665

–

30,281

(6,727)

23,554

(951)

–

(2,024)

77

(3,451)

(385)

1,806

288

(4,640)

18,914

Dividends paid to non-controlling interest

Proceeds from issue of shares to non-
controlling interests

Repayment of finance leases

Repayment of invoice discounting

Proceeds from bank loans

Repayment of bank loans

Interest paid

Net cash consumed by financing activities

Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

Total cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents

Bank Overdrafts*

Total cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

Bank loans and borrowings*

Net cash

22

22

2018 
£000

2,886

2017 
£000

18,914

(8,378)

(2,608)

85

(45)

(914)

9,100

(9,462)

(1,355)

(13,577)

(10,691)

45

48,957

38,311

50,065

(11,754)

38,311

(6,748)

(2,484)

–

(28)

(730)

10,240

(359)

(1,275)

(1,384)

17,530

(795)

32,222

48,957

48,957

–

48,957

(40,818)

(2,507)

(41,590)

7,367

* These overdrafts are legally offsettable against balances in held in the UK, however they have not been netted off 

in accordance with the requirements of IAS32.42.

The notes on pages 40 to 43 and 50 to 103 form part of these consolidated financial statements.

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes

1. Headline results and earnings per share

The analysis below provides a reconciliation between the Group’s statutory results and the headline results. This is described further in our basis of preparation note on page 41.

Amortisation  
of acquired  
intangibles  
(note 16) 
£000

Impairment  
of acquired  
intangibles  
(note 16) 
£000

Impairment  
of 
associates  
(note 17) 
£000

FVTPL  
investments  
under  
IFRS 9 
£000

Revaluation of  
contingent  
consideration  
(note 15) 
£000

Capital gain  
tax on  
issue of put  
options **** 
£000

Acquisition  
related  
remuneration* 
£000

Put option  
accounting  
(note 24  
and 26)** 
£000

Year ended 31 December 2018

Note

Billings

Revenue

Net revenue

Operating profit

Share of results of associates and JV

Finance income

Finance cost

Profit before taxation

Taxation

Profit for the year

Non-controlling interests

Profit attributable to equity 
holders of the Group***

2018 
£000

609,610

422,404

255,373

16,768

2,825

273

(2,268)

17,598

17

9

9

10

(6,635)

10,963

(2,708)

8,255

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4,427

2,195

674

(1,177)

–

–

–

4,427

(1,021)

3,406

(937)

2,469

–

–

–

2,195

– 

2,195

–

2,195

–

–

–

674

–

674

–

674

–

–

229

(948)

179

(769)

–

(769)

–

–

–

37

–

–

–

37

–

37

–

37

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

517

517

149

666

Headline 
results 
£000

609,610

422,404

255,373

–

–

–

–

–

–

1,299

6,104

30,327

–

–

–

1,299

–

1,299

(403)

896

–

–

2,825

273

911

(1,128)

7,015

(342)

6,673

32,297

(7,302)

24,995

–

(3,899)

6,673

21,096

*

**

***

Details of this breakdown can be found in note 7. The non-controlling interest charge is moved to operating profit due to underlying equity being defined as a conditional share award.

These values represent put options accounted for as conditional share awards (£6,104k) (note 26) and fair value adjustments to minority put option liabilities (£911k) (note 24).

Headline earnings are profit attributable to equity holders of the Group after adding back the adjustments noted above. The increase is calculated as the difference between 2017 and 2018 measures.     Headline operating margin is 
calculated as: Headline operating profit divided by net revenue. 

****

As part of setting up equity schemes in Australia, subsidiary equity was disposed of which created a local profit on disposal. On consolidation the profit on disposal has been eliminated (IFRS10.23), however, the capital gains tax and non-
controlling interest effect has not been so removed.

The Directors believe that the headline results and headline earnings per share provide additional useful information on the underlying performance. The headline result is used for internal performance 
management, calculating the value of subsidiary convertible shares and minority interest put options. The term headline is not a defined term in IFRS.

The items that are excluded from headline results are the amortisation or impairment of intangible assets (including goodwill and acquired intangibles, but excluding software) acquired in business combinations, 
changes to deferred and contingent consideration and other acquisition related charges taken to the income statement; impairment of investment in associates; profit or loss on disposal of associates; 
revaluation of investments and their related costs; and the income statement impact of put option accounting and share based payment charges.

50

 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

1. Headline results and earnings per share continued

The analysis below provides a reconciliation between the Group’s statutory results and the headline results.

Amortisation  
of acquired  
intangibles  
(note 16) 
£000

Impairment  
of acquired  
intangibles  
(note 16) 
£000

Deferred tax on  
acquired intangible  
US tax rate  
change (note 11) 
£000

Deferred tax on  
put options US  
tax rate change  
(note 11) 
£000

Revaluation  
of contingent  
consideration  
(note 15) 
£000

Acquisition  
related  
remuneration  
(note 7)* 
£000

Put option  
accounting  
(note 24  
and 25)** 
£000

Year ended 31 December 2017

Note

Billings

Revenue

Net revenue

Operating profit

Share of results of 
associates and JV

Finance income

Finance cost

Profit before taxation

Taxation

Profit for the year

Non-controlling interests

Profit attributable to equity 
holders of the Group***

2017 
£000

535,964

251,481

251,481

5,335

1,987

3,326

(1,346)

9,302

6

17

9

9

10

(4,736)

4,566

(1,894)

2,672

–

–

–

–

–

–

2,021

5,214

–

–

–

2,021

(671)

1,350

(365)

985

–

–

–

5,214

(1,804)

3,410

–

3,410

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

981

981

–

981

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

392

392

–

392

–

–

–

40

–

–

–

40

–

40

–

40

*   Details of this breakdown can be found in note 7. The non-controlling interest charge is moved to operating profit due to underlying equity being defined as a conditional share award.

** These values represent put options accounted for as conditional share awards (£13,501k) (note 26) and fair value adjustments to minority put option liabilities (£3,037k) (note 24).

Headline 
 results 
£000

535,964

251,481

251,481

26,725

–

–

–

–

–

–

614

13,501

–

–

–

614

–

614

(591)

23

–

1,987

(3,037)

–

10,464

(996)

9,468

–

289

(1,346)

27,655

(6,834)

20,821

(2,850)

9,468

17,971

51
51

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

1. Headline results and earnings per share continued

Policy

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing appropriate earnings metrics of the Group by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year. 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue on the assumption of conversion of all potentially dilutive ordinary shares. Anti-dilutive potential 
ordinary shares are excluded. The dilutive effect of unvested outstanding options is calculated based on the number that would vest had the balance sheet date been the vesting date.

Year ended 31 December 2018

Profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Group

Basic earnings per share

Weighted average number of shares (thousands)

Basic EPS

Diluted earnings per share*

Weighted average number of shares (thousands) as above

Add

–  Conditional shares without dividend rights

–  Conditional shares with dividend rights**

–  Contingent consideration

Total

Diluted earnings per share

*   All the put options detailed in note 24 are non-dilutive as the exercise price approximates fair value of the underlying non-controlling interest.

** Conditional shares with dividend rights are excluded from any calculation of conditional share awards that uses diluted EPS growth as a measure.

2018  
£000

8,255

84,360

9.79p

Headline  
2018  
£000

21,096

84,360

25.01p

84,360

84,360

4,038

1,500

350

90,248

9.15p

4,038

1,500

350

90,248

23.38p

52

 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

1. Headline results and earnings per share continued

Year ended 31 December 2017

Profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Group

Basic earnings per share

Weighted average number of shares (thousands)

Basic EPS

Diluted earnings per share*

Weighted average number of shares (thousands) as above

Add

–  Conditional shares without dividend rights

–  Conditional shares with dividend rights**

–  Contingent consideration

Total

Diluted earnings per share***

*     All the put options detailed in note 24 are non-dilutive as the exercise price approximates fair value of the underlying non-controlling interest.

**   Conditional shares with dividend rights are excluded from any calculation of conditional share awards that uses diluted EPS growth as a measure.

*** Excludes put options attached to loss making entities in note 26 and all entities note 24, as items are anti-dilutive for the purposes of this calculation in line with IAS33.

2017  
£000

2,672

77,999

3.43p

Headline  
2017  
£000

17,971

77,999

23.04p

77,999

77,999

2,763

3,829

108

84,699

3.16p

2,763

3,829

108

84,699

21.22p

53

 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

2. Changes in accounting policies and disclosures

The effect of adopting IFRS 15 as at 1 January 2018 is shown below.

New and amended standards and interpretations

The Group applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 for the first time. The nature and effect of the changes as a result 
of adoption of these new accounting standards are described below.

Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time in 2018, but do not have an 
impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group. The Group has not early adopted any 
standards, interpretations or amendments that have been issued, but are not yet effective.

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted, including a preliminary assessment of the impact 
of the new leasing standard (IFRS 16) are detailed in note 34.

IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers

IFRS 15 supersedes IAS 11 Construction contracts, IAS 18 Revenue and related interpretations 
(Legacy IFRS). It applies to all revenue arising from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 establishes 
a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue and the related 
cash flows is to be recognised. A five-step model is used whereby consideration received or expected 
to be received is recognised as revenue when contractual performance obligations are satisfied by the 
transfer of control and of the relevant goods or services to the customer.

IFRS 15 requires entities to exercise judgement (see pages 41 and 42 for significant judgements relating 
to the recognition of revenue), taking into consideration all of the relevant facts and circumstances 
when applying each step of the model to contracts with their customers. The standard specifies how 
variation in revenue should be accounted for, amends the criteria to establish whether a business is 
acting as principal or agent in addition to requiring extensive disclosure.

The Group adopted IFRS 15 using the modified retrospective method of adoption with the date of initial 
application being 1 January 2018. Under this method, the standard can be applied to all contracts at 
the date of initial application or only to contracts that are not completed at this date (i.e. ongoing as 
at the end of the previous year). The Group elected to apply the standard to contracts ongoing as 
at 1 January 2018.

The cumulative effect of initially applying IFRS 15 is recognised at the date of initial application as an 
adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Therefore, the comparative information has 
not been restated and continues to be as reported under Legacy IFRS.

As at 1 January 2018

Assets

Contract assets

Other receivables

Accrued income

Trade receivables

Total assets

Liabilities

Current tax

Contract Liabilities (current)

Deferred income

Total liabilities

Equity

Retained earnings

Increase / (decrease)  
£000

10,820

4,725

(15,545)

37

37

9

20,694

(20,694)

9

28

28

54

 
Notes
Continued

2. Changes in accounting policies and disclosures continued

Consolidated Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2018

Adopting IFRS 15 has not had a significant impact on the timing of the Group’s recognition of revenue; 
on OCI; on the Group’s operating, investing and financing cash flows; or on the Group’s equity. The 
key drivers of the changes noted in the tables accompanying this note are as described below.

The income statement has been affected significantly in two ways. 

1) Agency vs principal relationships

Certain of the activities undertaken by the Group involve the entity acting as agent for their 
customer. In these instances, third party costs are excluded from revenue (note 4). IFRS 15 has 
altered the criteria used for the principal versus agent evaluation (see page 41 within the significant 
judgements). As a consequent result of the adoption of IFRS 15 there has been an increase in third 
party costs included in revenue and cost of sales during the year of £167.0m due to a reduction 
in the number of Agency relationships identified (and a corresponding increase in the number of 
transactions where the Group is acting as Principal).

2) Different timings of revenue recognition

Small timing differences caused by adoption of IFRS 15 caused a 1 January 2018 adjustment and 
a reduction in 2018 revenue of £37k.

Billings

Revenue

Project cost

Net revenue

Legacy  
IFRS  
£000

609,647

255,410

–

255,410

Third party  
cost  
£000

Timing  
adjustments  
£000

–

167,031

(167,031)

–

(37)

(37)

–

(37)

IFRS 15  
£000

609,610

422,404

(167,031)

255,373

Billings

Revenue

Project costs

Net revenue

Staff and House costs

Operating profit

Share of results of associates and JVs

Finance income

Finance costs

Profit before taxation

Taxation

Profit for the year

Attributable to:

Equity holders of the parent 

Non-controlling interests 

IFRS 15  
£000

609,610

422,404

(167,031)

255,373

(238,605)

Legacy IFRS  
£000

609,647

255,410

–

255,410

(238,605)

16,768

2,825

273

(2,268)

17,598

(6,530)

11,068

8,255

2,708

10,963

16,805

2,825

273

(2,268)

17,635

(6,539)

11,096

8,283

2,708

10,991

Increase /  
(decrease)  
£000

(37)

166,994

167,031

(37)

–

(37)

–

–

–

(37)

(9)

(28)

(28)

–

(28)

The balance sheet has been affected as follows.

Prepaid customer expenses

Under certain contractual relationships the Group makes payments to suppliers on behalf of 
customers prior to billing. As these amounts do not relate to services provided by the Group under 
IFRS 15 these are recognised separately to trade receivables and contract assets. An amount 
totalling £5.5m has therefore been recognised as at 31 December 2018 as an ‘other receivable’ and 
is included within the consolidated balance sheet position of Trade and other receivables of £154.8m. 
This amount was included within accrued income under Legacy IFRS.

55

Notes
Continued

2. Changes in accounting policies and disclosures continued

IFRS 9 Financial instruments

Increase /  
(decrease)  
£000

IFRS 9 Financial instruments replaces IAS 39 Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement 
for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. The Group has applied IFRS 9 prospectively, 
with an initial application date of 1 January 2018. The Group has not restated the comparative 
information, which continues to be as reported under IAS 39. Differences arising from the adoption 
of IFRS 9 have been recognised directly in retained earnings and other components of equity.

Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2018

Assets

Total non-current assets

Contract assets

Other receivables

Prepayments and accrued income*

Trade receivables

Other current assets

Total current assets

Total assets

Liabilities

Current tax

Contract liabilities

Deferred revenue

Other current liabilities

Total current liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

IFRS 15  
£000

95,430

10,943

15,381

7,332

114,641

66,783

215,080

Legacy  
IFRS  
£000

95,430

–

9,875

23,781

114,678

66,783

215,117

310,510

310,510

(3,318)

(32,865)

–

(136,901)

(173,084)

(48,506)

(3,327)

–

(32,865)

(136,901)

(173,093

(48,506)

Total liabilities

(221,590)

(221,599)

Equity

Retained earnings

Non-controlling interest

Other equity accounts

Total equity

(34,195)

(7,207)

(47,518)

(34,231)

(7,207)

(47,507)

(88,920)

(88,948)

Total equity and liabilities

(310,510)

(310,547)

–

10,943

5,506

(16,449)

(37)

–

(37)

(37)

(9)

32,865

(32,865)

–

(9)

–

(9)

(28)

–

–

(28)

(37)

* Under Legacy IFRS this category included amounts relating to prepayments and accrued income. Under IFRS 15 

this category is exclusively comprised of prepayments.

The effect of adopting IFRS 9 as at 1 January 2018 was as follows:

Assets

Equity investments at FVTPL

Equity investments at cost

Trade receivables

Total assets

Liabilities

Accrued transaction fees*

Deferred tax

Total liabilities

Total adjustment to equity:

Retained earnings

Ref

19b

20

Increase /  
(decrease)  
£000

10,596

(5,760)

(276)

4,560

898

691

1,589

2,971

2,971

* Costs which will be incurred in the future with regards the equity investments at FVTPL. When these instruments 

are disposed the advisers who arranged the purchases are due to a percentage of the profit on disposal.

The nature of these adjustments is described below.

(a) Classification and measurement

Under IFRS 9 financial assets are classified as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair 
value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss. The classification 
is based on two criteria: (i) the Group’s business model for managing the assets and (ii) whether 
the instruments’ contractual cash flows represent ‘solely payments of principal and interest’ on the 
principal amount outstanding.

56

 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

The assessment of the Group’s business model was made as of the date of initial application, 
1 January 2018. The assessment of whether contractual cash flows on debt instruments are solely 
comprised of principal and interest was made based on the facts and circumstances as at the initial 
recognition of the assets.

The only significant impact to the Group in terms of the classification and measurement 
requirements of IFRS 9 relates to certain equity investments previously held at cost less any 
provision for impairment. Refer to 2(c) for a summary of the measurement categories of the 
financial assets held by the Group under Legacy IFRS and IFRS 15.

(i) Equity investments at FVTPLThe Group holds equity investments in non-listed companies. These 
investments were previously measured at cost less any provision for impairment. Under IFRS 9, as 
at the date of initial application the Group intends to hold these investments for the foreseeable 
future. In line with the requirements of IFRS 9 these unlisted equity investments are accounted for 
as Financial assets at FVTPL. As at 1 January 2018 these instruments had a combined fair value of 
£10.6m compared to their cost of £5.8m.

(b) Impairment

The adoption of IFRS 9 has changed the Group’s accounting for impairment losses for financial 
assets by replacing IAS 39’s incurred loss approach with a forward-looking expected credit loss 
(ECL) approach. IFRS 9 requires the Group to recognise an allowance for ECLs for all receivables 
not held at fair value through profit or loss.

Upon adoption of IFRS 9 the Group recognised an additional impairment of Trade receivables 
of £276k, which resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of an equivalent amount as at 
1 January 2018, less any deferred tax effect. The movement in the year subsequent to adoption 
is disclosed in note 20.

(c) Classification of financial assets on adoption of IFRS 9 
On the date of initial application, 1 January 2018, the financial instruments of the Group were as 
follows, with any reclassifications noted:

Non-current financial assets

Non-listed equity investments

Other receivables

Current financial assets

Trade and other receivables

Other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Financial liabilities

MI put option liabilities

Finance lease liabilities

Secured bank loans

Invoice discounting facility

Trade payables

Contingent consideration

Non-current financial assets

Non-listed equity investments

Other receivables

Current financial assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Financial liabilities

MI put option liabilities

Finance lease liabilities

Secured bank loans

Invoice discounting facility

Trade payables

Contingent consideration

Measurement category

IAS 39

Amortised cost

IFRS 9

FVTPL

Amortised cost Amortised cost

Amortised cost Amortised cost

Amortised cost Amortised cost

Amortised cost Amortised cost

FVTPL

FVTPL

Amortised cost Amortised cost

Amortised cost Amortised cost

Amortised cost Amortised cost

Amortised cost Amortised cost

FVTPL

FVTPL

Carrying amount (£000s)

Legacy

5,760

3,511

92,356

48,957

25,129

133

38,675

2,915

51,893

1,210

New

10,596

3,511

92,080

48,957

25,129

133

38,675

2,915

51,893

1,210

Difference

4,836

–

(276)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

57

NOTES
Continued

3. Segmental information

Segmental and headline income statement

The Group’s segments are aligned to those business units that are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (the Board) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. 
The financial information provided to the Board as management accounts is compiled on geographical regions with trading operations in each country aggregated into that region, only on a headline basis. 
This is on the basis that each country included in that region has similar economic and operating characteristics and that the products and services provided by entities in a geographic region are all related to 
marketing communication services.

Segmental results are reconciled to the income statement in note 1.

Year ended 31 December 2018

Billings*

Revenue*

Net revenue

Operating profit excluding Group costs

Group costs

Operating profit

Share of results of associates and JV

Financial income and cost

Profit before taxation

Taxation

Profit for the year

Non-controlling interests

Profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Group

Headline basic EPS

Office locations

* These items were not regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision make in the year.

UK  
£000

213,669

169,279 

95,826 

17,388 

(5,618)

11,770 

2,354 

(486)

13,638 

(2,107)

11,531 

(1,331)

10,200 

London

Europe  
£000

60,190 

60,190 

34,165 

5,497 

(71)

5,426 

(13)

(31)

5,382 

(1,879)

3,503 

(452)

3,051 

Middle East  
and Africa  
£000

38,876 

31,567 

15,790 

1,167 

- 

1,167 

- 

83 

1,250 

(260)

990 

(389)

601 

Paris  
Milan  
Berlin  
Madrid  
Geneva  
Stockholm  
Istanbul

Johannesburg  
Cape Town  
Abu Dhabi  
Dubai  
Beirut  
Tel Aviv

Asia and  
Australia  
£000

170,460 

Americas  
£000

126,415

63,311 

44,180 

5,924 

(89)

5,835 

51 

(511)

5,375 

(1,132)

4,243 

(538)

3,705 

New York  
Chicago  
Los Angeles  
San Francisco  
Mexico City  
São Paulo

98,057 

65,412 

6,462 

(333)

6,129 

433 

90 

6,652 

(1,924)

4,728 

(1,189)

3,539 

Sydney  
Melbourne  
New Delhi  
Bangalore  
Islamabad  
Hong Kong  
Shanghai  
Tokyo  
Bangkok  
Singapore  
Jakarta

Total  
£000

609,610 

422,404

255,373 

36,438 

(6,111)

30,327 

2,825 

(855)

32,297 

(7,302)

24,995 

(3,899)

21,096

25.01p

58

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES
Continued

Year ended 31 December 2017

Billings*

Revenue*

Net Revenue

Operating profit excluding Group costs

Group costs

Operating profit

Share of results of associates and JV

Financial income and cost

Profit before taxation

Taxation

Profit for the year

Non-controlling interests

Profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Group

Headline basic EPS

Office locations

* These items were not regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision make in the year.

UK  
£000

169,299

94,013

94,013

15,149

(5,821)

9,328

1,633

(437)

10,524

(1,478)

9,046

(813)

8,233

London

Middle East  
and Africa  
£000

27,207

14,650

14,650

1,568

–

1,568

–

11

1,579

(421)

1,158

(534)

624

Johannesburg  
Cape Town  
Abu Dhabi  
Dubai  
Beirut  
Tel Aviv

Europe  
£000

59,037

33,492

33,492

5,187

(71)

5,116

3

(69)

5,050

(1,604)

3,446

(721)

2,725

Paris  
Milan  
Berlin  
Madrid  
Geneva  
Stockholm  
Moscow  
Istanbul

Americas  
£000

148,414

44,623

44,623

3,385

(66)

3,319

–

(610)

2,709

(1,221)

1,488

407

1,895

New York  
Chicago  
Los Angeles  
San Francisco  
Mexico City  
São Paulo

Asia and  
Australia  
£000

132,007

64,703

64,703

7,733

(339)

7,394

351

48

7,793

(2,110)

5,683

(1,189)

4,494

Sydney  
Melbourne  
New Delhi  
Bangalore  
Islamabad  
Hong Kong  
Shanghai  
Tokyo  
Kuala Lumpur  
Bangkok  
Singapore

Total  
£000

535,964

251,481

251,481

33,022

(6,297)

26,725

1,987

(1,057)

27,655

(6,834)

20,821

(2,850)

17,971

23.04p

59

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES
Continued

Segmental balance sheet

This note includes balance sheet information required by IFRS 8 and other information required by IFRS 12. These items were not regularly reviewed on a segmented basis by the chief operating decision 
make in the year.

Year ended 31 December 2018

Non-current assets

Current assets

Total assets

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Non-controlling interest in equity at year end

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests during year

Non-headline amortisation

Non-headline impairment

Capital expenditure

Depreciation

UK  
£000

52,862

93,316

146,178

(8,123)

(775)

(8,898)

2,613

(674)

316

1,526

2,680

1,686

Europe 
£000

6,450

25,937

32,387

(28,095)

(470)

(28,565)

47

(110)

–

–

291

314

Middle East 
and Africa 
£000

Asia and  
Australia 
£000

765

13,257

14,022

(11,014)

–

(11,014)

681

(27)

570

228

231

318

7,927

48,322

56,249

(44,920)

(716)

(45,636)

1,569

(1,763)

718

367

1,239

770

Americas 
£000

21,739

33,280

55,019

Total 
£000

89,743

214,112

303,855

(51,228)

(143,380)

(945)

(2,906)

(52,173)

(146,286)

2,297

7,207

(34)

(2,608)

2,823

–

196

470

4,427

2,121

4,637

3,558

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES
Continued

Year ended 31 December 2017

Non-current assets

Current assets

Total assets

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Non-controlling interest in equity at year end

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests during year

Non-headline amortisation

Non-headline impairment

Capital expenditure

Depreciation

Reportable segment assets are reconciled to total assets as follows:

Segment assets

Current tax asset

Deferred tax asset

Total assets per balance sheet

UK 
£000

53,307

70,426

123,733

(13,383)

(1,262)

(14,645)

2,148

(474)

81

–

2,339

1,386

Europe 
£000

4,656

25,648

30,304

(27,702)

(425)

(28,127)

115

(228)

–

–

423

357

Middle East 
and Africa 
£000

Asia and 
Australia 
£000

1,389

12,465

13,854

(10,714)

(5)

(10,719)

635

(427)

354

–

439

371

7,983

36,409

44,392

(33,035)

(694)

(33,729)

1,696

(1,113)

420

631

513

576

Americas 
£000

22,499

24,105

46,604

Total 
£000

89,834

169,053

258,887

(43,797)

(128,631)

(934)

(3,320)

(44,731)

(131,951)

1,938

(241)

1,166

4,583

117

389

6,532

(2,483)

2,021

5,214

3,831

3,079

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

303,855

258,887

968

5,687

945

4,797

310,510

264,629

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES
Continued

Reportable segment liabilities are reconciled to total liabilities as follows:

Segment liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

Current tax liabilities

Short term borrowings

Long term borrowings

Minority shareholder put option liabilities

Total liabilities per balance sheet

Additional regional splits required for IFRS 8 by origin

Year ended 31 December 2018

Revenue

Net revenue

Non-current assets 

Year ended 31 December 2017

Revenue

Net revenue

Non-current assets 

2018  
£000

2017 
£000

(146,286)

(131,951)

(1,444)

(3,318)

(14,060)

(38,092)

(18,390)

(761)

(1,221)

(3,743)

(37,764)

(25,129)

(221,590)

(200,569)

UK  
£000

169,279

95,826

52,862

UK 
£000

94,013

94,013

53,305

Europe  
£000

60,190

34,165

6,450

Europe 
£000

33,492

33,492

4,656

Middle East  
and Africa  
£000

31,567

15,790

765

Middle East  
and Africa 
£000

14,650

14,650

1,389

Australia  
£000

75,232

50,798

6,350

Australia 
£000

56,052

56,052

2,325

Asia  
£000

22,825

14,614

1,577

Asia 
£000

8,651

8,651

5,660

Americas  
£000

63,311

44,180

21,739

Total  
£000

422,404

255,373

89,743

Americas 
£000

44,623

44,623

22,499

Total 
£000

251,481

251,481

89,834

62

NOTES
Continued

2018 Segmental Income Statement translated at 2017 average exchange rates

It is normal practice in our industry to provide constant currency results.

Had our 2018 results been translated at 2017 average exchange rates then our constant currency results would have been:

Year ended 31 December 2018

Billings

Revenue

Net revenue

Operating profit excluding Group costs

Group costs

Operating profit

Share of results of associates and JV

Financial income and cost

Profit before taxation

Taxation

Profit for the year

Increase/(decrease) in 2018 results 
caused by translation differences

The key currencies that affect the Group and the average exchange rates used were:

US dollar

Malaysian ringgit

Australian dollar

South African rand

Brazilian real

Euro

UK 
£000

213,669 

169,279 

95,826 

17,388 

(5,618)

11,770 

2,354 

(487)

13,586 

(1,995)

11,486 

45 

Europe 
£000

59,898 

59,898 

34,055 

5,433 

(70)

5,363 

(18)

(31)

5,314 

(1,862)

3,452 

51 

Middle East  
and Africa 
£000

40,058 

32,525 

16,273 

1,203 

- 

1,203 

- 

86 

1,289 

(267)

1,022 

(32)

Asia and 
Australia 
£000

178,282 

102,677 

68,569 

6,674 

(351)

6,323 

438 

90 

6,851 

(1,995)

4,856 

(128)

Americas 
£000

Total 
£000

130,728

622,635

65,762 

46,012 

6,027 

(89)

5,938 

53 

(530)

5,461 

(1,154)

4,307 

430,141 

260,735 

36,725 

(6,128)

30,597 

2,827 

(872)

32,501 

(7,273)

25,123 

(64)

(128)

2018

1.3359

5.3840

1.7860

17.6326

4.8669

1.1305

2017

1.2884

5.5370

1.6808

17.1503

4.1129

1.1417

To get a sensible comparative when reviewing regional headline operating margin, we exclude start-up costs of our organically launched business. In the year Asia and Australia had net revenue of £664k 
and operating loss of £448k; and Americas had net revenue of £109k and operating loss of £363k from such organically launched business.

63

Notes
Continued

4. Revenue from contracts with customers

Principal vs agent

Policy

4(a) Revenue recognition policies

Billings comprise the gross amounts billed, or billable to clients in respect of commission-
based and fee-based income, together with the total of other fees earned, in addition to those 
instances where the Group has made payments on behalf of customers to third parties and 
is stated exclusive of VAT and sales taxes. Billings is a non GAAP measure and is included within 
revenue for understanding

Revenue comprises commission and fees earned and is stated exclusive of VAT and sales taxes.

Performance obligations

At the inception of a new contractual arrangement with a customer the Group identifies the 
performance obligations inherent in the agreement. Typically, the terms of the contracts are such 
that the services to be rendered are considered to be either integrated (see significant judgement 
on page 42) or to represent a series of services that are substantially the same with the same 
pattern of transfer to the customer. Accordingly, this amalgam of services is accounted for as 
a single performance obligation.

Where there are contracts with services capable of being distinct and are distinct within the 
context of the contract then they are accounted for as separate obligations. In these instances, 
the consideration due to be earned from the contract is allocated to each of the performance 
obligations in proportion to their stand-alone selling price.

Further discussion of performance obligations arising in terms of the main types of services 
provided by the group in addition to their typical pattern of satisfaction is provided in note 4(d).

Measurement of revenue

Based on the terms of the contractual arrangements entered into with customers, revenue is 
typically recognised over time. This is based on either the fact that (i) the assets generated under 
the terms of the contracts have no alternative use to the Group and there being an enforceable 
right to payment or (ii) that the client exerts editorial oversight during the course of the 
assignment such that they control the service as it is provided.

We build our services around our client’s needs, and often use client’s standard terms with 
negotiated modification, this results in many different contractual arrangements. Revenue is 
recognised monthly based on the underlying systems and processes in each business unit. Given 
the many different contractual arrangements, and judgements on agency vs principal relationships, 
each business unit, on a periodic basis, reviews contracts and separate obligations to make sure 
revenue is recognised in the correct accounting period, posting adjustments to the monthly revenue 
recognised if necessary.

When a third-party supplier is involved in fulfilling the terms of a contract then, for each 
performance obligation identified, the Group assesses whether they are acting as principal or 
agent. Where the Group is judged to control the specified services prior to the transfer of those 
services to the customer then the Group is concluded as acting as principal. Details surrounding 
this significant judgement can be found on page 41.

When we act as an agent, the revenue recorded is the net amount retained. Costs incurred with 
external suppliers are excluded from revenue and recorded as other receivables payable by the 
customer. When the Group acts as principal the revenue recorded is the gross amount billed. 
When allowable by the terms of the contract out-of-pocket costs, a such as travel, are also 
recognised as the gross amount billed with a corresponding amount recorded as an expense.

Treatment of costs

Costs incurred in relation to the fulfilment of a contract are either recognised as an asset or treated 
as an expense. Costs are capitalised when they represent incremental costs of winning a contract 
and are recognised over the life of the contract arising.

Supplier rebates

The Group receives volume rebates from certain suppliers for transactions entered into on behalf of 
clients. As noted on page 42 management judgement is involved in how these rebates are accounted 
for. Based on the terms of the relevant contracts and local law, these rebates are either remitted to 
clients or retained by the Group.

Further detail in terms of the revenue recognition policies applied by the Group in terms of the 
different categories of contractual arrangements entered into with clients can be found at note 4d.

4(b) Disaggregation of revenue

The Group derives revenue from the transfer of goods and services from both long (>1  year) 
and short term (<1 year) contractual arrangements with customers in the following 
geographical regions:

Contractual  
term

Long term

Short term

Total

UK 
£000

4,898

164,340

169,238

Europe 
£000

–

60,190

60,190

Middle  
East and  
Africa 
£000

910

30,657

31,567

Asia and  
Australia 
£000

–

98,057

98,057

Americas 
£000

6,905

Total 
£000

12,713

56,406

409,650

63,311

422,363

64

Notes
Continued

4(c) Assets and liabilities related to contracts with customers

Contract assets and liabilities arise when there is a difference (generally due to timing) in the 
amount of revenue which can be recognised and the amount which can be invoiced under the 
terms of the contractual arrangement or has been remitted (prepaid) by the customer.

Where revenue earned from customers is recognised over time, many of the Group’s contractual 
arrangements have terms which permit the Group to remit invoices for the amount of work 
performed to date on a specific contract (described in our accounting policies as ‘Right-to-invoice’). 
Where the terms of a contractual arrangement do not carry such right to invoice then a contract 
asset is recognised over time as work is performed until such point that an invoice is allowable to 
be remitted. Generally, invoices are able to be raised monthly for arrangements where revenue is 
recognised over time.

Where revenue earned from customers is recognised at a point in time then this will be dependent 
on satisfaction of a specific performance obligation. At such point it is usual that there are no 
other conditions required to be met for receipt of consideration and as such a trade receivable 
is recognised at this point.

Contract liabilities comprise instances where a customer has made payments relating to services 
due to be provided prior to their provision. Where payments are received in advance IFRS 15 
requires assessment of whether these cash transfers contain any financing component. Under 
the terms of the contractual arrangements entered into by the Group there are no instances 
where such financing elements arise. This is the case even for those arrangements where the 
Group receive monies more than a year in advance by virtue of the terms of the contractual 
agreement so entered into.

The acquisition of Scarecrow Communications Limited and M&C Social Limited (note 13) resulted 
in an increase in trade receivables of £911k in 2018 and contract assets of £200k.

In 2018 £204k was recognised as a provision for expected losses on trade receivables in line with 
the requirements of IFRS 9 (notes 2 and 20).

Set out below is the amount of revenue recognised from:

Amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the year*

Performance obligations partially satisfied in previous years

* As at the start of the year a total amount of £20,694k contract liabilities were recognised at the point 

of transition to IFRS 9

2018 
£000

16,585

–

4(d) Revenue recognition policies and performance obligation satisfaction 
by category of services performed

Further details regarding revenue recognition and performance obligations of the Group’s main 
service offerings are summarised below.

Commission based income in relation to talent performance

Revenue in relation to talent performance involves the Group acting as agent. Typically, such 
arrangements have a single, or a sequence, of specific performance obligations relating to 
the talent (or other third party) providing services. The performance obligations are generally 
satisfied at a point in time once the service has been provided. In these instances, revenue is 
recognised at the point in time which the performance obligation is satisfied. A trade receivable 
is recognised at this point as the right to payment is now unconditional other than the passage 
of time. The consideration for the services is normally for a fixed amount (as a percentage of 
the Talent’s fee) with no degree of variability.

Certain of our contractual arrangements in terms of talent performance relate to a longer-term 
arrangement (several months or longer) whereby the talent is engaged to provide a sequence of 
services that are substantially the same – and thereby represent a single performance obligation. 
An example would be arranging for talent to write weekly columns for a website. In such instances 
as the third party is responsible for control of the asset(s) created (by means of editorial 
oversight) the revenue in relation to the single performance obligation is recognised over time. 
These contractual arrangements generally have payment terms such that a fixed fee (with no 
degree of variability) is remunerated each month over the life of the agreement. 

In the event that services to be rendered by talent are cancelled then the treatment of such 
cancellation depends on the root cause of the trigger for the cancellation and the terms of 
the contractual agreement. 

Retainer fees

Retainer fees relate to arrangements whereby the nature of the Group’s contractual promise 
is to agree to ‘stand-ready’ to deliver services to the customer for a period of time rather than 
to deliver the goods or services underlying that promise. Revenue relating to retainer fees is 
recognised over the period of the relevant assignments or arrangements, typically in line with the 
‘stand-ready’ incurred costs. The primary input of all work performed under these arrangements 
is labour. As a result of the direct relationship between labour and cost there is normally a direct 
correlation between costs incurred and the proportion of the contract performed to date.

As retainer fees relate to ‘stand-ready’ obligations for a period of time synchronous with the time 
period at the end of which an invoice is raised the Group consider there is a single performance 
obligation for each time period. The revenue relating to each performance obligation is recognised 
over time as a contract asset and a trade receivable recognised at the end of each time period. 

Consideration relating to retainer fees is fixed with no degree of variability

65

Notes
Continued

From time to time there may be changes in the client service requirements during the term of 
the contract and the changes could be significant. These changes are typically negotiated as new 
contracts covering the additional requirements and the associated costs, as well as additional 
fees for the incremental work to be performed.

Project fees and production income

Project fees typically meet the criteria identified on page 64 of note 4a which IFRS 15 states as 
permissible to recognise revenue over time. The quantum of revenue to be recognised over the 
period of the assignments is either based on the ‘right-to-invoice’ expedient or by means of a stage 
of completion model. The primary input of all work performed under these arrangements is labour. 
As a result of the direct relationship between labour and cost there is normally a direct correlation 
between costs incurred and the proportion of the contract performed to date. Where projects are 
carried out under contracts, the terms of which entitle the Group to payment for its performance 
only when control passes at a delivery date or a milestone, then fees are recognised at the time 
that payment entitlement occurs.

Project fees and production income relate to the provision of services which can encompass 
a range of media deliverables in addition to development and deployment of a media strategy. 
Regular assessment of the effectiveness of the project with regards to the objective of the 
contractual arrangement may also be included. Often the range of services provided within 
these arrangements are considered to be integrated to an extent that no separable performance 
obligations can be identified other than a single over-arching combined performance obligation 
relating to the delivery of the project – this involves management judgement as detailed on page 
42. In these instances, revenue is recognised over time as the combined performance obligation 
is being satisfied.

When services provided are considered separable, and not integrated, then multiple performance 
obligations are recognised. It is typical that the terms of the customer agreements in these instances 
again permit revenue to be recognised over time as each performance obligation is being satisfied.

Whilst it is uncommon for projects to be such that revenue is not allowable to be recognised over 
time, examples can occur. In these instances, the element of the transaction price assigned to each 
performance obligation (in proportion to stand-alone selling prices) is recognised as revenue once 
an obligation has been fully satisfied.

Projects typically allow monthly invoices to be raised on standard payment terms ensuring 
consideration is paid to the agency as performance obligations are being satisfied regardless 
of whether revenue can be recognised over, or at a point in, time.

Where fees are remunerated to the agency in excess of the services rendered then a contract 
liability is recognised. Conversely where the services rendered are in excess of the actual fees 
paid then a contract asset is recognised.

Certain of these arrangements have contractual terms relating to the agency meeting specific 
customer identified KPIs. Such KPIs can relate to qualitative factors (such as the client’s 
perception of delivery and relationship performance) or to quantitative KPIs

(examples include overall increase in website traffic or conversion rate of website visits). 
The overall level of consideration can vary by increasing or decreasing as a result of 
performance against these metrics. To reflect this variability in the overall level of consideration, 
management estimate the most likely outcome and then reflect that outcome in the revenue 
recognised as the performance obligation(s) of the contract are satisfied. The estimated portion 
of the variable element is recalculated at the earlier of the completion of the contract or the next 
reporting period and revenue is adjusted accordingly. These estimates are based on historical 
award  experience, anticipated performance and best judgement at the time.

Commission based income in relation to media spend

The Group arranges for a third party to provide the related goods and services in the capacity 
of an agent. Revenue is recognised in relation to the amount of commission the Group is entitled 
to. Often additional integrated services are provided at the same time with regards to the 
development and deployment of an overarching media strategy. Due to the integration of the 
services provided under the terms of the contract, management judgement (as explained on 
page 42) is applied to assess whether there is a single combined performance obligation.

Although there may be variability in the total quantum of media spend (on which the Group earns 
commission) as the Group is entitled to invoice as spend is made, and as this drives the recognition 
of revenue arising from the contract, there is no need to estimate the amount of variable revenue 
due to be earned over the life of the contract. Often the commission earned is reflective of 
the value to the customer and in those instances therefore the Group measures revenue to be 
recognised as the amount to which they hold the ‘right-to-invoice’. As further explained on page 42, 
although there may be a blend of services provided, some of which are akin to the Group acting as 
principal, as there is a single combined performance obligation with a single payment mechanism, 
all such revenue is recognised net of costs incurred in line with the Group acting as an agent.

The performance obligation for media buys are considered to have been satisfied when the 
associated advert has appeared in the public domain. Where a contract is comprised of a large 
number of separate media purchases then, as the contract is for the provision of a number 
of services which are substantially the same, fewer performance obligations are recognised. 
Dependent on the precise terms of the contract as noted above, this can result in a single 
combined performance obligation being identified.

In the majority of instances where the Group purchases media for clients, the transactions are 
considered tripartite with the Group acting as agent. One business unit of the Group speculatively 
purchases media slots and then processes this media into categories of ‘quality’. Subsequent 
to the processing this Media is then sold on to clients – with the higher ‘quality’ media yielding 
a higher price. In this instance the Group is considered to be acting as principal.

Projects are invoiced in line with the terms of the contracts entered into, this is normally monthly 
but can be more or less often.

66

NOTES
Continued

5. Group companies

As at 31 December 2018

UK

Alive & Kicking Global Ltd Alive & Kicking Global Ltd**

Audience Communications Ltd**

Clear Ideas Consultancy LLP**

Clear Ideas Ltd**

FYND Media Ltd**

Grey Whippet Ltd**

Horizon PR Ltd**

Human Digital Ltd**

Influence Communications Ltd**

Lean Mean Fighting Machine Ltd**

LIDA (UK) LLP**

LIDA Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi (UK) Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi Accelerator Ltd**

M&C Saatchi European Holdings Ltd**

M&C Saatchi Export Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi German Holdings Ltd**

M&C Saatchi Global Advisory Services Ltd**

M&C Saatchi International Ltd**

M&C Saatchi Marketing Arts Ltd**

M&C Saatchi Merlin Ltd**

M&C Saatchi Middle East Holdco Ltd**

M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd**

Country

Effective % ownership

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom 

United Kingdom

100

100

80

80

100

51

80

60

95

100

99

100

100

80

96

100

100

100

100

50

75

80

90

Activities

Marketing

Marketing

Marketing 

Marketing 

Media Buying

Dormant

PR Agency

Research

Dormant

Advertising

Direct Marketing

 Direct Marketing

Advertising

Advertising

Holding Company

Advertising

Holding Company

Advertising

Holding Company

Advertising

Talent Management

Holding Company

Mobile Marketing

67

 
 
 
Notes
Continued

As at 31 December 2018

UK continued

M&C Saatchi Network Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi PR International Ltd**

M&C Saatchi PR Ltd**

M&C Saatchi PR UK LLP**

M&C Saatchi Social Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi Shop Ltd**

M&C Saatchi Sport & Entertainment Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi WMH Ltd**

M&C Saatchi World Services LLP**

M&C Saatchi Worldwide Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi WS .ORG Ltd**

Re Worldwide Ltd**

SaatchInvest Ltd**

Send Me A Sample Ltd**

SGA London Ltd**

Talk PR Ltd** & ***

Talk Purpose Ltd **

The Source (London) Ltd**

The Source (W1) LLP**

Tricycle Communications Ltd**

Country

Effective % ownership

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

100

60

100

99

51

93

70

100

80

100

80

100

100

60

100

51

41

88

76

80

Activities

Holding Company

PR Agency

PR Agency

PR Agency

Marketing

Marketing

Sport Sponsorship & Entertainment PR Agency

Holding Company

Marketing

Holding Company

Not for profit marketing

Branding

Holding Company

Marketing

Marketing

PR Agency

PR Agency

Research Agency

Research Agency

Holding Company

68

 
 
 
Notes
Continued

As at 31 December 2018

Europe

Cometis

FCINQ SAS

M&C Saatchi Gad SAS

M&C Saatchi Little Stories SAS

M&C Saatchi One SARL

Paris Gad Holding SAS

Tataprod

M&C Saatchi Advertising GmbH

M&C Saatchi Sports & Entertainment GmbH

M&C Saatchi Digital GmbH

M&C Saatchi PR Unternehmergesellschaft

M&C Saatchi SpA

M&C Saatchi PR srl

M&C Saatchi International Holdings BV

Clear Netherlands BV

M&C Saatchi Madrid SL

M&C Saatchi Sponsorship S.L.

M&C Saatchi AB

M&C Saatchi Go! AB

M&C Saatchi PR AB

M&C Saatchi (Switzerland) SA

Middle East and Africa

M&C Saatchi Bahrain WLL

M&C Saatchi Tel Aviv Ltd

M&C Saatchi SAL

Creative Spark Interactive (Pty) Ltd***

Dalmation Communications (Pty) Ltd***

M&C Saatchi Abel (Pty) Ltd

M&C Saatchi Africa (Pty) Ltd***

M&C Saatchi Connect (Pty) Ltd***

Levergy Marketing Agency (PTY) Ltd***

M&C Saatchi Istanbul 

M&C Saatchi Middle East Fz LLC

M&C Saatchi Fz LLC

Country

France

France

France

France

France

France

France

Germany

Germany

Germany

Germany

Italy

Italy

Netherlands

Netherlands

Spain

Spain

Sweden

Sweden

Sweden

Switzerland

Bahrain

Israel

Lebanon

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates

Effective % ownership

Activities

51

88

100

79

100

60

30

83

67

75

100

80

80

100

100

51

51

60

100

100

88

100

80

10

50

50

50

50

50

50

25

80

100

Advertising

Website Construction

Advertising

PR Agency

Digital Marketing

Holding Company

Production and publishing

Advertising

Sport Sponsorship & Entertainment PR Agency

Marketing

Dormant

Advertising

PR Agency

Holding Company

Dormant

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising and Marketing 

Advertising

Dormant

Advertising

Dormant

Advertising

Advertising (Associate)

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising

Sport Sponsorship & Entertainment PR Agency

Advertising (Associate)

Advertising

Advertising

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

As at 31 December 2018

Asia and Australia

Bellwether Global Pty Ltd

Bohemia Group Pty Ltd

Brands in Space Pty Ltd

Go Studios Pty Ltd

Greenhouse Australia Pty Ltd

Hidden Characters Pty Ltd

LIDA Australia Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Asia Pac Holdings Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Direct Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Sport & Entertainment Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Melbourne Pty Ltd

Park Avenue PR Pty Ltd

Re Team Pty Ltd

Resolution Design Pty Ltd

Saatchi Ventures Pty Ltd

The Source Insight Australia Pty Ltd

Tricky Jigsaw Pty Ltd

This Film Studio Pty Ltd

UGLY Sydney Pty Ltd

Yes Agency Pty Lty

EMC Saatchi Pty Ltd

1440 Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Advertising (Shanghai) Ltd

Clear Asia Ltd 

M&C Saatchi Asia Ltd

M&C Saatchi (HK) Ltd

M&C Saatchi Asia Hong Kong Ltd

February Communications Pvt Ltd

M&C Saatchi Communications Pvt Ltd

M&C Saatchi Mobile LLP

Scarecrow Communications Limited

M&C Saatchi Ltd

M&C Saatchi (M) Sdn Bhd

Design Factory Sdn Bhd

Country

Effective % ownership

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

Australia

China

Hong Kong

Hong Kong

Hong Kong

Hong Kong

India

India

India

India

Japan

Malaysia

Malaysia

80

46

80

80

64

76

80

80

100

80

48

48

80

76

68

48

80

68

56

60

80

80

80

40

80

100

40

70

20

95

100

51

10

49

49

Activities

PR Agency

Media Agency

Design

Finished Art & Production Management Studio

Advertising

Branding and Digital Marketing

Digital Marketing

Advertising

Holding Company

Direct Marketing

Sport Sponsorship & Entertainment PR Agency

Advertising

PR & Marketing

Marketing 

Dormant

Holding Company

Dormant

Marketing 

Production

Dormant

Dormant

Dormant

Dormant

Consultancy (Associate)

Dormant

Advertising

Advertising (Associate)

Advertising

Advertising (Associate)

Advertising

Marketing

Advertising

Advertising (Associate)

Advertising

Advertising

70

 
 
 
Notes
Continued

As at 31 December 2018

Asia and Australia continued

Intelligence Factory Sdn Bhd

M&C Saatchi World Services Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd

Clear Ideas (Singapore) Pte Ltd

M&C Saatchi Holdings Asia Pte Ltd

M&C Saatchi (S) Pte Ltd

M&C Saatchi Mobile Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

Love Frankie Ltd

Americas

Lily Participacoes Ltda

M&C Saatchi Brasil Comunicação Ltda

M&C Saatchi Brasil Participacoes Ltda

Santa Clara Participacoes Ltda*

M&C Saatchi/Insight Pesquisa & Planejamento Ltda

M&C Saatchi, S.A. DE. C.V

Clear USA LLC

Clear NY LLP

LIDA NY LLP (MCD)

LIDA USA LLP

M&C Saatchi Agency Inc.

M&C Saatchi LA Inc.

M&C Saatchi Mobile LLP

M&C Saatchi PR LLP

M&C Saatchi Share Inc.

M&C Saatchi Sports + Entertainment NY LLP

M&C Saatchi Sports + Entertainment LA LLC

M&C Saatchi NY LLP

Majority LLC

Shepardson Stern + Kaminsky LLP

Technology Humans and Taste LLC

World Services US Inc.

Country

Malaysia

Pakistan

Singapore

Singapore

Singapore

Singapore

Thailand

Brazil

Brazil

Brazil

Brazil

Brazil

Mexico

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

Effective % ownership

49

41

95

100

80

95

20

100

60

100

25

100

59

100

100

75

100

100

90

99

100

75

85

50

100

100

66

30

80

Activities

Advertising

Marketing (joint venture) 

Marketing 

Holding Company

Advertising

Mobile Marketing

Marketing (associate)

Holding Company

Advertising

Holding Company

Advertising (associate)

Dormant

Advertising

Marketing 

Holding Company

Direct Marketing

Marketing

Holding Company

Advertising

Mobile Marketing

PR

Marketing 

Sport Sponsorship & Entertainment PR Agency

Sport Sponsorship & Entertainment PR Agency

Dormant

Production

Marketing Consultant

Marketing (associate)

Dormant

All subsidiary companies which the Group control in line with the requirements of IFRS 10 have been included in the consolidated accounts.

**   This subsidiary undertaking is exempt from Companies Act 2006 requirement relating to audit of their individual accounts by virtue of Section 479A of the Act as M&C Saatchi plc has guaranteed the subsidiary company under Section  
      479C of the Act.

*** With the exception of M&C Saatchi Network Ltd, our South African subsidiaries, Scarecrow Communication Ltd, M&C Saatchi Social Ltd where all our equity is directly held by M&C Saatchi plc, all other subsidiary companies’ equity is  
      either in part or wholly held via subsidiaries of M&C Saatchi plc.

71

 
 
 
* Project costs relate to third-party costs incurred during the provision of services to customers which are 
passed back to the Group under the terms of the contract by the customer. These costs are recognised in 
2018, but not in 2017, as a result of the transition to IFRS 15. As discussed in Note 2 this is due to the Group 
being considered as acting as principal for the majority of transactions where third party costs are incurred to 
satisfy our obligations to customers. Under Legacy IFRS the Group was considered to be acting as Agent (as 
opposed to Principal).

Notes
Continued

6. Operating costs

Policy

Leases

Lease payments under operating leases, including any incentives granted, are recognised in the 
income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where operating lease agreements include a fixed uplift for rental payments, the expense is  
straight-lined, except in cases where another systematic basis better represents the benefit. 
Reverse premiums and similar incentives to enter into operating lease agreements are 
initially recorded as deferred income and released to profit and loss on a straight-line basis 
over the lease term.

Year ended 31 December

Note

Project cost

House cost

Operating costs

Other costs include:

Loss/(Profit) on exchange

Amortisation of intangibles

– Acquired intangibles

– Capitalised software

Impairment of Goodwill and other intangibles

Depreciation of plant and equipment

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

Year ended 31 December

Operating lease rentals

Plant

Property

Property sublease receipts

Year ended 31 December

Total commitments

Plant and equipment

Commitments for future minimum lease payments under 
non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

– Within one year

– Between two and five years

Property

2018
£000

167,031

57,653 

224,684

2017
£000

–*

58,827

58,827

(637)

590

Commitments for future minimum lease payments under  
non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

– Within one year

– Between one and five years

– Greater than five years

Sublease receipts

Commitments for future minimum lease receipts under  
non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

– Within one year

– Between one and five years

– Greater than five years

16

16

16

18

4,427

303

2,195

3,558

75

2018
£000

945

10,401 

11,346

(176)

11,170 

2,021

211

5,214

3,079

28

2017
£000

718

8,390

9,108

(199)

8,909

2018 
£000

2017
£000

906

362

1,268

11,328

26,217

3,193

40,738

65

338

-

403

1,026

906

1,932

9,754

28,909

3,954

42,617

539

2,237

592

3368

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

7. Staff costs

Policy

Pensions

Contributions to personal pension plans are charged to the income statement in the period in 
which they are due.

Staff costs (including Directors) comprise:

Year ended 31 December

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Defined contribution pension scheme costs

Other staff benefits

Acquisition related remuneration

Allocations and dividends paid to conditional share award holders

Contingent acquisition cost with leaver provision

Share based incentive plans 

Cash settled

Equity settled

Total staff costs

Staff numbers

UK

Europe

Middle East and Africa

Asia and Australia

America

Pensions

The Group does not operate any defined benefit pension schemes. The Group makes payments, on 
behalf of certain individuals, to personal pension schemes.

Payments of £2,371k (2017: £1,902k) were made in the year and charged to the income statement 
in the period they relate to. At the year-end there were unpaid amounts included within accruals 
totalling £17k (2017: £266k).

2018 
£000

150,659

17,744

2,088

4,641

2017 
£000

148,546

17,498

2,011

5,149

Key management remuneration

Year ended 31 December

Short term employee benefit

Post-employment benefit

Share based payments

175,132

173,204

Total

2018
£000

2,878

17

1,055

3,950

2017
£000

3,077

17

1,192

4,286

8. Auditors’ remuneration

The Group paid the following amounts to its auditor(s) in respect of the audit of the financial 
statements and for other services provided to the Group:

1,219

–

1,219

81

6,104

182,536

837

364

289

834

273

389

225

614

–

13,501

187,319

783

368

314

708

310

2,597

2,483

Total

Group auditor’s remuneration

Year ended 31 December

Audit services

Audit of the Company and its consolidated accounts

Audit of the Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation

Other services provided by the Auditors

Taxation compliance services

Corporate finance services

Other services

2018
£000

2017
£000

478

290

768

29

38

3

70

838

268

281

549

26

94

3

123

672

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

9. Net finance income / (costs)

Policy

Financial income and borrowing costs

10. Taxation

Policy

Current tax

Interest income and borrowing costs are recognised in the income statement in the period in which 
they are incurred. 

Current tax, including UK and foreign tax, is provided for using the tax rates and laws that have been 

substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Year ended 31 December

Bank interest receivable

Other interest receivable

Fair value adjustment to minority shareholder put 
option liabilities (Note 24)

Financial income

Bank interest payable

Other interest payable

Fair value adjustment to minority shareholder put 
option liabilities (Note 24)

Financial expense

Net finance (costs) / income 

2018
£000

272

1

–

273

(1,175)

(182)

(911)

(2,268)

(1,995)

2017 
£000

200

89

3,037

3,326

(1,344)

(2)

–

(1,346)

1,980

Year ended 31 December

Taxation in the year

– UK

– Overseas

Withholding taxes payable

Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses*

Adjustment for under / (over) provision in prior periods*

Total

Deferred taxation

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Recognition of previously unrecognised tax losses**

Effect of changes in tax rates

Total

Total taxation

*   In 2017 mostly this related to our US offices.

** Recognised to reflect the probable future corporation tax that we can reclaim.

Note

2018
£000

2017
£000

2,150

6,475

–

(25)

(482)

8,118

1,689

5,286

21

(817)

625

6,804

11

11

11

(1,483)

(3,612)

–

–

(121)

1,665

(1,483)

(2,068)

6,635

4,736

74

 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

The differences between the actual tax and the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK applied to 
profits for the year are as follows:

Year ended 31 December

Expenses not deductible for tax

(446)

2.5%

(287)

Option charges not deductible for tax

(1,400)

8.0%

(1,920)

20.6%

Year ended 31 December

Profit before taxation

Taxation at UK corporation tax rate of 
19.00% (2017: 19.25%)

Tax effect of associates

Non-controlling interest share of 
partnership income

Different tax rates applicable in 
overseas jurisdictions

Effect of changes in tax rates on deferred tax

Withholding taxes payable

Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses

Recognition of previously 
unrecognised tax losses

Adjustment for current tax over provision 
in prior periods

Adjustment for deferred tax (under) provision 
in prior periods

Tax losses for which no deferred tax 
asset was recognised

Fair value adjustments on minority 
shareholder put options

Impairment with no tax credit

Total taxation

Statutory tax rate

2018
£000

17,598

2018
%

2017
£000

9,302

2017
£000

(3,344)

19.0%

(1,791)

19.3%

537

284

-3.1%

-1.6%

373

327

-4.0%

-3.5%

3.1%

(1,408)

8.0%

(606)

6.5%

–

–

25

–

–

–

-0.1%

–

(1,665)

(21)

817

121

17.9%

0.2%

-8.8%

-1.3%

447

-2.5%

(625)

6.7%

(214)

1.2%

(43)

0.5%

(173)

1.0%

(544)

(6,635)

37.7%

3.0%

37.7%

584

–

(4,736)

50.9%

-6.3%

–

50.9%

We expect large variation in future statutory tax rates due to share based payments (option 
charges), put options and investment in subsidiaries being capital in nature and non-deductible for 
corporation tax. Over the last five years the statutory tax rate has been in between 27% and 69%.

Expenses not deductible for tax

(446)

1.4%

(287)

Headline profit before taxation (note 1)

Taxation at UK corporation tax rate of 
19.00% (2017: 19.25%)

Tax effect of associates

Non-controlling interest share of 
partnership income

Different tax rates applicable in 
overseas jurisdictions

Effect of changes in tax rates on deferred tax

Withholding taxes payable

Utilisation of previously 
unrecognised tax losses

Recognition of previously 
unrecognised tax losses

Adjustment for current tax under provision 
in prior periods

Adjustment for deferred tax (under) 
provision in prior periods

Tax losses for which no deferred tax 
asset was recognised

 2018
£000

32,297

2018
%

2017
£000

27,655

2017
%

(6,136)

19.0%

(5,324)

19.3%

537

284

-1.7%

-0.9%

373

327

(1,400)

4.3%

(1,880)

–

–

25

–

–

–

-0.1%

–

(292)

(21)

817

121

447

-1.4%

(625)

2.3%

(399)

1.3%

–

–

(214)

0.7%

(43)

(7,302)

22.6%

22.6%

(6,834)

24.7%

0.2%

24.7%

-1.4%

-1.2%

1.0%

6.7%

1.1%

0.1%

-3.0%

-0.4%

As can be seen above, the largest drivers of headline tax charge are our local entities profitability, 
local tax rates, and recognition of previously unrecognised tax losses.

Our 2017 result was heavily affected by the passing in December 2017 US tax legislation that 
reduced US federal tax rate from 35% to 21% from 1 January 2018. This resulted in a revaluation 
of all deferred tax at the 2017 year end causing a short-term increase in the tax charge in 2017 of 
£292k, and by a further £1,373k due to the remeasurement of deferred tax on intangibles and shares 
awards. In 2018 this tax rate change has helped reduce our tax charge.

There remains some uncertainty over how Brexit may impact tax legislation, along with the likelihood 
that future reductions in the UK Corporation tax rates occur. Ignoring these factors, we anticipate 
our tax rate to increase slightly in the future, due to the sale of the Group’s associate Blue 449 in 
January 2019, which in 2018 accounted for 83% of our associate income.

75

(399)

2.3%

–

–

Headline taxation (note 1)

Headline effective tax rate

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

11. Deferred taxation

Policy

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between 
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial 
statements. Deferred tax is not, however, provided for temporary differences that arise from: (i) 
initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at 
the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss, (ii) on the initial 
recognition of Goodwill.

Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is 
realised or the deferred tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable future taxable profit will be 
available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and 
associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the 
Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to 
offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the Group intends to settle its current tax 
assets and current tax liabilities on a net basis.

At 31 December

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax

2018
£000

5,687

(1,444)

4,243

2017
£000

4,797

(761)

4,036

The following is the deferred tax asset (liability) recognised by Group and movements 
in 2018 and 2017:

Intangibles 
£000

Capital  
allowances  
£000

Tax  
losses  
£000

At 31 December 2016

Exchange differences

Income statement 
credit / (charge)

Acquisitions

At 31 December 2017

1 January 2018 

- IFRS 9 adjustment

Exchange differences

Income statement 
credit / (charge)

Acquisitions*

309

(35)

1,438

977

–

132

996

At 31 December 2018

1,413

* Acquisitions are included in deferred tax liabilities. 

44

2

15

(735)

61

–

–

22

(692)

83

927

(39)

575

–

1,463

–

22

177

–

1,662

Working 
capital  
differences 
000

1,452

43

40

–

1,535

(691)

(47)

Total 
£000

2,732

(29)

2,068

(735)

4,036

(691)

107

288

1,483

–

1,085

(692)

4,243

Within the local entities £723k (2017: £186k) of deferred tax has been naturally offset, ignoring such 
an offset the split of deferred tax is as follows:

Intangibles 
£000

Capital  
allowances  
£000

1,679

(702)

977

2,353

(940)

1,413

98

(37)

61

117

(34)

83

At 31 December 2017

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax 

At 31 December 2018

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax

Tax  
losses  
£000

Working 
capital  
differences 
£000

1,463

-

1,463

1,742

(207)

1,535

Total 
£000

4,982

(946)

4,036

1,662

2,278

6,410

(1,193)

(2,167)

1,662

1,085

4,243

76

 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

Unrecognised deferred tax asset in respect of carried forward tax losses:

At 31 December 2017

Exchange differences

Expired losses in year

Losses utilised in year

Losses in year

At 31 December 2018

Expiry date of losses: 

One to five years

Five to ten years

Ten years or more

Total

Loss 
£000

2,325

26

(292)

(74)

–

1,985

2018
 £000

253

–

196

449

Deferred  
tax impact 
£000

574

(1)

(99)

(25)

–

449

2017
£000

387

–

187

574

A deferred tax asset in respect of certain losses in overseas territories has not been recognised as 
there is insufficient certainty of future taxable profits against which these would reverse.

12. Dividends

Policy

Equity dividends

Equity dividends on ordinary share capital are recognised as a liability in the period in which 
they are declared. The interim dividend is recognised when it has been approved by the Board 
and the final dividend is recognised when it has been approved by the shareholders at the 
Annual General Meeting.

Year ended 31 December

2017 final dividend paid 7.40p on 6 July 2018 (2016: 6.44p)

2018 interim dividend paid 2.45p on 9 November 2018 (2017: 2.13p)

2018
£000

6,261

2,117

8,378

2017
£000

5,032

1,716

6,748

The 2017 dividend has been restated to reflect the number of shares in issue when the dividend was 
paid, as opposed to the number of shares in existence at 31 December 2017.

The 2018 proposed final dividend of 8.51p, totalling £7,566,099 The dividends relate to the profit of 
the following years:

Year ended 31 December

Interim dividend paid 2.13p on 9 November 2018 (2017: 2.13p)

Final dividend payable 8.51p on 5 July 2019 (2017: 7.40p)

Headline dividend cover

2018
£000

2,117

7,566

9,683

2.2

2017
£000

1,716

6,261

7,977

2.3

Headline dividend cover is calculated by taking headline profit after tax attributable to equity 
shareholders and dividing it by the total dividend that relates to that year’s profits. The Group seeks 
to maintain a long-term headline dividend cover of between 2 and 3. Retained profits are used to 
reinvest in the long-term growth of the Group through funding working capital and investing activities; 
and to repay bank debt.

77

 
Notes
Continued

13. Acquisitions

Policy – See below but also the basis of preparation note on page 40

Subsidiary acquisitions 

The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of acquisition 
is measured at the aggregate of the fair values of the assets given, liabilities incurred, or subsumed, 
contingent consideration and equity instruments issued by the Group in exchange for control. The 
identifiable assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) acquired which meet the conditions 
for recognition under IFRS 3 are recognised at their fair values at the date of acquisition. 

The interest of minority shareholders in the acquire is initially measured at the minority’s proportion 
of the net fair value of the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised. 

All acquisition costs are expensed to the income statement in the period that they occur.

During the year, the Group made acquisitions in India (Scarecrow Communications Limited, ‘SCL’) 
and the United Kingdom (Red Hare Limited, renamed to M&C Saatchi Social Limited) to enhance 
its service offering. There have been no adjustments recognised in the current period in terms of 
the 2017 acquisitions comprised of Bohemia Group Pty Ltd, M&C Saatchi Madrid Srl and Levergy 
Marketing Agency (PTY) Ltd.

As detailed in note 16, the terms of the SCL acquisition are such that a balance of £367k is included 
when calculating goodwill arising as contingent consideration under IFRS 3. The goodwill so 
recognised was impaired at year end subsequent to the Group’s Goodwill impairment reviews. 

Goodwill relates to the value of the acquired entities staff and synergies with the Group’s combined 
client portfolios. There are no local tax deductions for goodwill. 

The contribution of the financial performance of the acquisitions made to the Group’s result for the 
year is as follows:

2018

Date of acquisition

% Voting interest acquired

Revenue in consolidation

Profit before tax in consolidation

Full year revenue

Full year profit before tax

Scarecrow
Communications
Limited

05-Apr

51.0%

995

244

1,159

225

Red
Hare
Limited*

29-Jun

53.7%

3,350

472

4,776

1,184

4,345

716

5,935

1,409

* This acquisition included a company called Grey Whippet Ltd, both companies had common control, and the trade 
and assets were merged as part of the acquisition so have been treated as one CGU. Subsequent to acquisition 
the trading entity has been renamed M&C Saatchi Social Limited.

Policy

Goodwill

Goodwill arising on the acquisition of a subsidiary is recognised as an asset, being the excess of the 
cost of consideration over the interest in the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. 

Following initial recognition, goodwill is carried at cost less any accumulated impairment 
losses (see note 16).

Goodwill at date of acquisition

2018

Consideration, satisfied by:

Cash

Equity***

Deferred consideration

Total consideration

Note

14

15

Less –  Fair value of net assets made up of:

Brand name intangible

Customer relationship intangible

Software

Plant and equipment

Trade and other receivables

Cash

Current (liabilities)

Deferred tax liability

Scarecrow 
Communications
Limited
£000

Red 
Hare 
Limited*
£000

193

1,758

367

2,318

552

438

28

135

431

221

(258)

(336)

–

1,211

1,107

422

4,744

112

5,278

–

1,869

–

–

480

1,154

(476)

(360)

–

2,667

2,611

Total
£000

615

6,502

479

7,596

552

2,307

28

135

911

1,375

(734)

(696)

–

3,878

3,718

*    53.7% of the share capital was acquired. Due to the terms of certain equity settled share based payment awards  
      provided to the prior owners of the business who have been retained as employees, under IFRS 3  
      there is no non-controlling interest to recognise as the Group are considered to have acquired 100% of the  
      equity at acquisition.

**   51.0% of the share capital was acquired. As with the Red Hare transaction, due to the terms of certain equity  
      settled share-based payment awards, under IFRS 3 the Group are considered to have acquired 100% of the  
      equity such that there is no non-controlling interest to be recognised.

*** The numbers of shares issued can be found in note 25.

78

Total

Non-controlling interests share 

–Total fair value of net assets

Goodwill arising

 16

 
 
Notes
Continued

14. Cash consumed by acquisitions

During the period the Group has spent cash in terms of the following acquisitions:

Amounts falling due within one year

Note

2018
£000

2017
£000

– Contingent**

– Contingent***

Subsidiary cash consideration

– Bohemia Group Pty Ltd

– Levergy Marketing Agency (PTY) Ltd

– Shepardson Stern + Kaminsky LLP

– M&C Saatchi Madrid S.L.

– Scarecrow Communications Limited

– M&C Saatchi Social Limited

– Small purchases of non-controlling interest’s equity

– Clear Ideas USA LLC

Associate cash consideration 
– Technology Humans and Taste LLC

Less cash and cash equivalents acquired

–

–

–

–

(193)

(422)

(120)

(199)

(934)

(904)

1,375

(463)

(1,285)

(993)

(170)

(2)

–

(29)

–

(2,479)

–

1,528

(951)

13

13

17

 13

– Deferred consideration*

Amounts falling due more than one year but not more than five years

– Contingent**

At 1 January

Exchange difference**

Acquisition

Charged to income statement**

Consideration paid in equity**

At 31 December

2017
£000

(273)

(367)

(112)

(514)

(1,266)

2018
£000

(1,210)

1

(479)

(37)

459

(1,266)

2018
£000

(377)

–

–

(833)

(1,210)

2017
£000

–

(114)

(1,056)

(40)

–

(1,210)

15. Deferred and contingent consideration

Policy

Certain acquisitions made by the Group include contingent consideration, the quantum of which 
is dependent on the future performance of the acquired entity. Such contingent consideration is 
recognised as a liability and recorded at fair value in line with IFRS 13 (note 27).

The liability arising is remeasured at the earlier of the end of each reporting period or crystallisation 
of the consideration payment. The movements in the fair value are recognised in profit or loss.

*     This relates to a net asset true up payment on M&C Saatchi Social Limited which will be paid once the 2018  
      audit is complete. 

**   This relates to contingent consideration for Levergy Marketing Agency (PTY) Ltd, which will be paid in M&C  
      Saatchi plc shares. The contingent consideration is payable over the next four years, and is dependent on  
      profitability and profitability growth rates of Levergy Marketing Agency (PTY) Ltd. The amount payable is  
      uncapped. The fair value of contingent consideration is measured in line with IFRS 13 (see note 27).

*** Relates to acquisition of Scarecrow Communications Limited (note 13).

Detail surrounding the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration recognised at year 
end is provided in note 27.

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

16. Intangible assets

Policy – See below but also basis of preparation note on page 40 

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses.

Cost

Goodwill

Under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations, goodwill is the fair value of 
consideration transferred, less the net of the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and the 
liabilities subsumed.

Other intangibles acquired as part of a business combination

Intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination (which includes brand names and 
customer relationships) are capitalised at fair value if they are either separable or arise from 
contractual or other legal rights and their fair value is able to be reliably measured.

Software

Purchased software is recorded at cost.

Amortisation

Goodwill is not amortised. Amortisation of other classes of intangible assets is charged to the 
income statement on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:

Software   
Customer relationships 
Brand name  

- three years 
- one to five years 
- one to three years

The Group has no indefinite-life intangibles other than goodwill.

Impairment

Impairment reviews are performed as needed and as detailed on page 43. Impairment losses arise 
when the carrying amount of an asset or CGU is in excess of the recoverable amount and are 
recognised in the income statement.

Goodwill’s accumulated amortisation and impairment all relate to impairments, brand name 
and customer relationships relate to amortisation and impairments, and software relates 
to amortisations.

Intangible assets relating to Brand name and Customer relationships recognised in relation to the 
acquisition of Shepardson, Stern + Kaminsky LLP in 2016 had their expected lives reduced from 
5 years to 3 years from 1 January 2018. At the end of 2018 the remaining net book value of these 
assets was £200k.

 Goodwill 
£000

Brand 
name 
£000

Customer  
relationships 
£000

Software 
£000

Total 
£000

Cost

At 31 December 2016

Exchange differences

Acquired

Acquired through 
business combination

Disposal

51,967

(1,502)

–

3,451

– 

6,646

(241)

–

1,990

–

At 31 December 2017

53,916

8,395

Exchange differences

Acquired

Acquired through 
business combination

Disposal

814

–

3,718

– 

–

–

552

–

11,641

(367)

–

601

–

11,875

189

–

2,307

1,720

(20)

382

474

(693)

1,863

(37)

1,046

71,974

(2,130)

382

6,516

(693)

76,049

966

1,046

28

6,605

–

(23)

(23)

At 31 December 2018

58,448

8,947

14,371

2,877

84,643

Accumulated amortisation and impairment

At 31 December 2016

Exchange differences

Amortisation charge

Impairment

Disposal

At 31 December 2017

Exchange differences

Amortisation charge

Impairment

Disposal

8,041

(142)

–

5,214

– 

13,113

257

–

2,121

– 

4,410

(12)

819

–

–

5,217

19

2,057

–

–

7,323

(45)

1,202

–

–

8,480

153

2,370

–

–

1,196

20,970

6

211

–

(689)

724

(11)

303

74

(14)

(193)

2,232

5,214

(689)

27,534

418

4,730

2,195

(14)

At 31 December 2018

15,491

7,293

11,003

1,076

34,863

Net book value

At 31 December 2016

At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2018

43,926

40,803

42,957

2,236

3,178

1,654

4,318

3,395

3,368

524

1,139

1,801

51,004

48,515

49,780

80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

Goodwill is allocated to the Group’s cash generating units (CGU). Goodwill is made up of:

Goodwill 31  
December 
2018

Goodwill 31  
December 
 2017

Cash generating units (CGUs)

M&C Saatchi UK Group

LIDA Ltd*

M&C Saatchi Sport & Entertainment Ltd

M&C Saatchi Export Ltd*

M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd

M&C Saatchi Merlin Ltd

Clear Ideas Ltd

M&C Saatchi Advertising GmbH

M&C Saatchi Madrid S.L.

M&C Saatchi Middle East Fz LLC (Dubai)

Creative Spark Interactive (PTY) Ltd

(South Africa)*

Levergy Marketing Agency (PTY) Ltd

(South Africa)

M&C Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd (Australia)

Bang Pty Ltd (Australia)

Bohemia Group Pty Ltd (Australia)

Shepardson Stern + Kaminsky LLP

LIDA NY LLP (MCD)

Scarecrow Communications Ltd***

M&C Saatchi Social Limited**,***

Total of the four CGUs with 
goodwill less than £0.5m

Total

5,977

540

690

–

1,814

539

9,508

1,395

444

727

–

966

2,902

–

1,867

5,711

5,522

744

2,612

999

5,977

1,462

690

600

1,814

539

9,508

1,379

439

Segment

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

Europe

Europe

685 Middle East and Africa

250 Middle East and Africa

1,057 Middle East and Africa

2,870

Asia and Australia

–

Asia and Australia

1,953

5,376

5,199

–

–

1,005

Asia and Australia

Americas

Americas

Asia and Australia

UK

Various

42,957

40,803

*     Apart from these CGUs, whose movements are described in this note, all other movements are  
      due to exchange.

**   Named change post-acquisition, previously called Red Hare Ltd.

*** New acquisitions in the year, see note 13

Goodwill and other intangibles are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if events 
or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired. All recoverable amounts 
are from future trading and not from the sale of unrecognised assets or other intangibles 
(i.e. their value in use).

The 2018 review was undertaken in the last quarter of the year in conjunction with our annual 
business planning process; due to client losses resulting in management changes and reorganisations 
it was decided to fully impair M&C Saatchi Export Limited and Creative Spark Interactive (PTY) 
Ltd. In addition, Goodwill and some internally generated software relating to the UK based LIDA 
operations (LIDA Ltd) have been partially impaired by £1.0million. Finally, during the year the 
acquisition of Scarecrow Communications Limited was accounted for such that a total Goodwill of 
£1.1million was recognised on the date of purchase. Subsequent to this acquisition the Goodwill has 
been impaired by £367k with a residual position of £744k held at the year end. Cumulatively this has 
resulted in total goodwill impairments during the year of £2,121k (2017: £5,214k).

With the exception of those entities for which a partial impairment of Goodwill has been recognised 
and LIDA NY LLP (discussed below) management are satisfied that no possible changes in key 
assumptions (other than a significant loss of clients by a CGU), would cause the recoverable 
amount of a CGU to be below their carrying amount. With regards to LIDA NY LLP, although the 
carrying amount of the net assets of that CGU is below the recoverable amount identified during 
the impairment review, management note that the headroom for this CGU to avoid impairment is 
limited. The exposure will, however, significantly reduce over the following two financial years (i.e. 
to 31 December 2020) as a result of the residual carrying amount of intangible assets attached to 
the business (as a result of acquisition accounting) being fully amortised by that point (at the end of 
2018 the net book value of these intangible assets totalled £1.4million). As a result of the recoverable 
amount being in excess of the carrying amount in combination with the reduction in net assets in 
the short term due to the amortisation of the significant intangible assets held by LIDA NY LLP, 
management have therefore concluded that as at 31 December 2018 there is no requirement for the 
Goodwill to be impaired. Management intend to closely monitor the performance of this CGU moving 
forwards. This matter is highlighted below in the sensitivity analyses presented.

All CGU impairment reviews have been performed such that the recoverable amounts have been 
calculated based on value in use calculations. The Value in use calculations have been based on 
future forecast profitability of each CGU for a period of five years, with residual growth rates applied 
thereafter to form the basis of discounted future cash flows (DCFs). Where the DCF of a CGU is in 
excess of its carrying amount then an impairment loss is recognised. It should be highlighted that 
the CGUs represented by the M&C Saatchi UK Group and the M&C Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd Group 
are comprised of a number of distinct trading operations. These Groups include an amalgam of 
entities acquired before 2011. As this was prior to the adoption of IFRS as the Group’s accounting 
framework, there is no requirement to disclose the historic reallocations of Goodwill which would 
have been required if IFRS had been applied at the point they occurred. 

Management have approved the forecasts for 2019 and have prepared additional projections based 
on the 2019 numbers for the next four years using a 3% expected growth rate. These were used as 
the basis for determining the recoverable amount of each CGU. In making the forecasts, management 
have reflected on past performance and present business and economic prospects. 

In conducting the review, a year five onward residual growth rate of 3% has been used for all 
countries with the exception of South Africa where, due to inflation, we have used 10%. Market betas 
of 1.0 for UK, 1.09 for Europe, 1.0 for Americas and 1.2 for rest of the world have been utilised.

81

 
Notes
Continued

Pre-tax discount rates are based on the Group’s weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the 
specific risks relating to the country and market in which the CGU operates.

Key assumptions

UK

Asia and Australia

Middle East 

India

South Africa

Europe

Americas

Residual  
growth rates  
2017 and 2018
%

Pre-tax 
 discount 
rates 2018
%

Pre-tax  
discount  
rates 2017
%

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

11–12

13–17

10–13

20

23-24

12–16

12–13

11–13

13–16

10–13

–

24

12–16

12–14

The key inputs to the Goodwill impairment reviews are the annual profit forecasts and the discount 
rates applied to measure the present value of the future forecast cash flows. The sensitivity of the 
CGUs held as at 31 December 2018 subsequent to the impairments described above are presented 
below. As noted previously, one CGU, LIDA NY LLP, has a recoverable amount with a limited headroom 
when compared to the CGUs’ carrying amount. In order to present the impact this particular CGU 
has on the sensitivity analyses two tables are presented – the first including the LIDA NY LLP CGU 
and the second excluding this CGU:

Sensitivity analysis including all CGUs of the Group which have not been impaired in 2018

Discount rates increased by

0%

1%

3%

5%

Annual profit forecast reduced by

0%

–

(593)

(1,429)

(2,009)

5%

(253)

(814)

(1,606)

(2,211)

10%

(505)

(1,036)

(1,784)

(2,473)

20%

(1,010)

(1,479)

(2,311)

(3,885)

Sensitivity analysis including all CGUs of the Group which not been impaired in 2018 but excluding LIDA NY LLP

Annual profit forecast reduced by

Discount rates increased by

0%

5%

10%

0%

1%

3%

5% 

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(74)

–

–

–

(187)

20%

–

(7)

(171)

(1,302)

17. Investments in associates and joint ventures

Policy

An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the 
power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but has neither 
control nor joint control over those policies.

A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the 
arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture. Joint control is the contractually 
agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant 
activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

Carrying value 
The carrying value of an equity accounted investment comprises the Group’s share of net assets 
and purchased goodwill and is assessed for impairment as a single asset. The carrying amounts of 
the Group’s equity accounted investments are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine 
whether there is any indication of impairment. 

The Group invests in associates and joint ventures, either to deliver its services to a strategic 
marketplace or to gain strategic mass by being part of a larger local or functional entity.

As described in note 31, towards the end of the year the Board of Directors finalised plans 
to dispose of Blue 449. This investment was sold at the start of 2019 and is therefore held as 
a current asset.

At 31 December 

Investments intended to be held in the long term 

Investments categorised as held-for-sale

Total equity accounted investments 

2018 
£000

9,483

13,106

22,589

2017  
£000

19,725

–

19,725

82

 
Notes
Continued

The following equity accounted investments are included in the consolidated financial statements:

Investment in  
associate

Proportion 
of voting rights

Nature of  
business

Country of  
incorporation  
or registration

2018  
£000

2017  
£000

2018  
%

2017  
%

Media buying

UK

13,106

10,748

25%

25%

Region & Name

UK

Walker Media  
Limited

Europe

M&C Saatchi  
Istanbul

M&C Saatchi  
(Hong Kong)  
Limited

February  
Communications  
Private Limited

M&C Saatchi Ltd

M&C Saatchi  
World Services  
Pakistan (PVT) Ltd

Americas

Technology  
Humans and  
Taste LLC

Santa Clara  
Participacoes  
Ltda

Total

Advertising

Turkey

Middle East and Africa

M&C Saatchi SAL**

Advertising

Lebanon

Asia and Australia

3

–

449

25%

25%

–

10%

10%

Advertising

China

8,234

8,118

40%

40%

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising 
and Media buying

India

Japan

Pakistan

Thailand

32

23

–

138

Love Frankie Ltd

Advertising

Advertising

USA

1,053

Advertising

Brazil

–

280

15

–

115

–

–

20%

10%

50%

25%

20%

10%

50%

25%

30%

–

25%

25%

All shares in associates are held by subsidiary companies and have no special rights. Where an 
associate has the right to use our brand name we hold the right to withdraw such use to prevent it 
being lost and protect it from damage. 

At 1 January

Exchange movements

Acquisition of associates

Impairment of associates

Dividends

Share of profit after taxation 

At 31 December

2018  
£000

19,725

237

904

(674)

(428)

2,825

22,589

2017  
£000

19,277

267

–

–

(1,806)

1,987

19,725

Summarised financial information

Middle  
East  
and  
Africa  
£000

Asia and  
Australia 
£000

UK 
£000

Europe 
£000

Americas 
£000

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

Income statement

Net revenue

Operating profit

31,590

11,688

Profit before taxation

11,709

Profit after taxation

Group’s share

9,455

2,354

434

(83)

(69)

(54)

(13)

Dividends received 

–

–

2,772

(612)

(870)

(913)

–

–

8,303

1,596

1,412

1,031

433

4,713

47,812

38,168

197

(33)

(127)

51

12,786

12,149

9,392

2,825

9,087

8,736

6,447

1,987

(428)

–

(428)

1,806

22,589

19,725

83

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle 
 East 
and 
 Africa 
£000

Asia and  
Australia 
£000

UK 
£000

Europe 
£000

Americas 
£000

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

Leasehold  
improvements  
£000

Furniture,  
fittings  
and other  
equipment  
£000

Computer  
equipment* 
£000

Motor 
vehicles 
£000

Total 
£000

Notes
Continued

Balance  
sheet

Total  
assets

Total  
liabilities

Net current  
assets /  
(liabilities)

Our share 

Losses not  
recognised

Goodwill

Total  
investments

108,938

261

1,748

10,352

3,612

124,911

99,988

(91,798)

(206)

(9,779)

(6,403)

(5,562)

(113,748)

(94,399)

17,140

55

(8,031)

3,949

(1,950)

11,163

5,589

4,268

–

14

–

8,838

(10)

13,106

4

(803)

1,468

(487)

4,460

2,925

803

180

487

1,470

985

–

–

6,778

1,053

16,659

15,815

8,426

1,053

22,589

19,725

The UK is represented by Blue 449 (Walker Media Limited), which contributed all the profit during 
the period. As such, the summary financial information has not been further disaggregated as, in the 
view of the Directors, this would produce a note of disproportionate length given the materiality of 
the investments held.

18. Plant and equipment

Policy

Tangible fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.

Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of all fixed assets, less estimated residual values, 
evenly over their expected useful lives.

Depreciation is calculated at the following annual rates: 

Leasehold improvements  
Furniture and fittings 
Computer equipment 
Other equipment 
Motor vehicles 

- Lower of useful life and over the period of the lease 
- 10% straight line basis 
- 33% straight line basis 
- 25% straight line basis 
- 25% straight line basis

The need for any fixed asset impairment write down is assessed by comparison of the carrying value 
of the asset against the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the value in use.

Cost

At 31 December 2016

Exchange differences

Additions

Reclassifications

Acquisition 
of subsidiaries 

Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Exchange differences

Additions

Acquisition 
of subsidiaries 

Disposals

At 31 December 2018

Depreciation

At 31 December 2016

Exchange differences

Depreciation charge

Reclassifications

Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Exchange differences

Depreciation charge

Reclassifications

Disposals

At 31 December 2018

Net book value

At 31 December 2016

At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2018

9,944

(155)

1,713

–

821

 (58)

12,265

(14)

1,556

50

 (253)

13,604

4,258

(40)

1,347

–

 (8)

5,557

10

1,329

–

 (187)

6,709

5,686

6,708

6,895

8,575

(50)

398

(1,060)

170

(85)

7,948

22

853

77

(62)

8,838

4,411

(34)

1,039

(310)

(72)

5,034

38

845

–

(18)

5,899

4,164

2,914

2,939

5,871

(76)

1,717

1,060

78

(405)

8,245

50

2,155

8

156

24,546

1

3

–

(280)

3,831

–

75

1,144

(37)

198

(11)

73

(585)

28,656

47

4,637

–

135

(232)

10,226

(152)

(699)

108

32,776

5,194

(56)

654

310

(404)

5,698

43

1,353

–

(210)

6,884

677

2,547

3,342

64

1

39

–

(6)

98

(5)

31

–

13,927

(129)

3,079

–

(490)

16,387

86

3,558

–

(114)

(529)

10

19,502

92

100

98

10,619

12,269

13,274

84

 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

Finance leases

Policy

Leases are classified as finance leases when the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks 
and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance lease agreements are treated as if they had been purchased outright. The 
amount capitalised is the present value of the minimum future lease payments payable over the term 
of the lease. The corresponding leasing commitments are shown as amounts payable to the lessor 
(note 22). Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease 
obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

** Relates to Australian and South African loans held at amortised cost. The Australian loans relate to AUD3.3m 

(2017: AUD3.3m) loans that the Group lent local management of M&C Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd in 2015 to enable 
them to acquire 20% of that business. The full recourse loan is repayable in full if the purchasers no longer have 
a beneficial interest in the shares of the Australian Group, or are no longer employed (though the equity can 
be held when not employed). The loan is unsecured and charged interest at 0.1% above the five-year Australian 
interbank rate at the date the loan was advanced. The carrying value of the loan approximately equates fair 
value. The South African loan relate to £435k (2017: £435k) loans that the Group lent local management of 
its South African companies to enable them to acquire equity in the South African Group business. The full 
recourse loans are repayable in full if the purchasers no longer have a beneficial interest in the shares of the 
South African Group, or are no longer employed. The loan is unsecured and charged interest at 2% above 
LIBOR. The carrying value of the loans approximately equate to fair value.

19b. Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

The net book value of assets held under finance lease are as follows:

Policy

Leasehold  
improvements  
£000

–

–

–

Furniture,  
fittings  
and other  
equipment  
£000

5

–

–

Computer  
equipment* 
£000

Motor 
vehicles 
£000

89

47

92

95

112

71

Total 
£000

189

159

163

At 31 December 2016

At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2018

19. Other non-current assets

Policy

Loans to employees 
Represent financial assets at amortised cost and subsequently measured using the effective 
interest rate method.

The Group holds certain unlisted equity investments which are classified as financial assets at FVTPL. 
These investments are initially recognised at their fair value. At the end of each reporting period the 
fair value is reassessed with gains or losses being recognised in the income statement.

At 31 December

1 January adoption IFRS9:

Transferred from other non-current assets

Revaluation

1 January 2018 total

Additions

Revaluation

Corporate venturing investments

2018  
£000

5,759

4,835

10,594

780

1,584

12,958

2017  
£000

–

–

–

–

–

–

At 31 December

Other debtors including rent deposits

Corporate venturing investments*

Loans to employees**

Call option provision

Total other non-current assets

2018  
£000

1,956

–

2,238

54

4,248

2017  
£000

1,223

5,760

2,288

54

9,325

As at 31 December 2017 these financial assets were previously held at cost less any impairment. 
Subsequent to the adoption of IFRS 9 these assets are now held at fair value. Due to the Group 
having adopted IFRS 9 prospectively there has been no restatement of the comparatives. At 31 
December 2017 the investments in question were included in the financial statements as ‘Other non-
current assets’ as shown above. During the year there was an increase in the fair value of £1,584k 
which has been taken to other gains in the income statement. 

For detail regarding the adoption of IFRS 9 see note 2 and disclosure surrounding the basis of the 
estimation of the value of the unlisted equity investments is held at note 27.

*  Due to the Adoption of IFRS 9 (note 2) these financial assets are recognised separately. See note 19b below.

85

Notes
Continued

The unlisted equity investments are in 20 (2017: 19) early stage companies. The most we have 
invested in any one company over time is £0.6m and the least £0.1m. The Group invests in these 
entrepreneurs for long term return and to gain knowledge and insight. We are not sector specific 
however we will only invest in offerings that we can understand.

20. Trade and other receivables

Policy

Trade receivables 
Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the 
ordinary course of business. These financial assets give rise to cash flows that are ‘solely payments 
of principal and interest’ on the principal amount outstanding. They are generally due for settlement 
within 30 - 90 days and therefore are all classified as current. Trade receivables are recognised 
initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional. The Group holds trade receivables with 
the objective to collect the contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Impairment – Expected credit losses 
The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a 
lifetime expected loss allowance (‘ECL’) for all trade receivables and contract assets. To calculate the 
lifetime ECL the Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss 
experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and economic environments 
in which the Group operates.

Trade receivables

Loss allowance

Net trade receivables

Prepayments*

Amounts due from associates

VAT and sales tax recoverable

Contract assets**

Other receivables***

Total trade and other receivables

2018  
£000

115,200

(873)

114,327

7,646

579

2,065

10,943

15,381

150,941

2017  
£000

86,280

(2,741)

83,539

23,997

1,717

2,026

-

8,817

120,096

*    In 2017 this balance related to prepayments and accrued income, with accrued income totalling £10,820k.

**   The movement in the contract asset position from 1 January 2018 (at adoption of IFRS 15) to 31 December  
      2018 solely relates to changes in the recognition of accrued income at the start and end of the period.

*** Included within the 2018 Other receivables balance is an amount of £5,387k relating to outlays incurred on  
      behalf of clients not yet charged. In 2017 this amount was included within the prepayment balance of £24.0million  
      as accrued income.

Set out below is the movement in the loss allowance (which includes provision for expected credit 
losses) of trade receivables and contract assets.

As at 1 January

Adoption of IFRS 9 (expected credit loss)*

Provision for expected credit 
losses during the year

Forward looking provision for 
specific bad debts**

- Charge during the year

- Released during the year

- Utilisation of provision

Foreign exchange movement

Total loss allowance

2018  
£000

(2,741)

(276)

72

(509)

2,492

91

(2)

 (873)

2017  
£000

(2,107)

-

-

(859)

-

214

11

(2,741)

*   Upon transition to IFRS 9 the Group has recognised a loss allowance under the forward-looking ECL  
     approach. The Group has elected to apply IFRS 9 prospectively, and as such has not restated the prior year  
     comparatives (Note 2).

** Included within the specific bad debt loss allowance at the end of the prior year was one item relating to a  
     specific debt with one customer totalling £1,890k. This amount has been subsequently paid and as such has been  
     released from the specific bad debt provision after the year end. 

The information about credit exposures are disclosed in note 28.

86

 
Notes
Continued

21. Trade and other payables

Policy

Trade and other liabilities are non-interest bearing and are stated at their amortised cost subsequent 
to initial recognition at their fair value, which is considered to be equivalent to their carrying amount 
due to their short-term nature.

Trade creditors

Contract liabilities*

Sales taxation and social security payables

Employment benefit accruals

Accruals 

Deferred income*

Other payables

2018 
£000

(71,076)

(32,865)

(9,247)

(1,550)

(23,940)

–

(3,949)

2017 
£000

(51,893)

–

(8,602)

(1,798)

(39,250)

(20,694)

(6,019)

(142,627)

(128,256)

* Under IFRS15 Deferred income is now termed contract liabilities and is shown separately on the Balance Sheet.

Settlement of trade and other payables is in accordance with the terms of trade established with the 
Group’s local suppliers.

Interest payable related to borrowings of £147k (2017: £148k) is included within Accruals.

The movement in the contract liability position from 1 January 2018 (at adoption of IFRS 15) to 31 
December 2018 solely relates to changes in the recognition of deferred income at the start and 
end of the period.

22. Borrowings

Policy

Loans and overdrafts are recognised initially at fair value, less attributable transaction costs. 
Subsequently loans and overdrafts are recorded at amortised cost with interest charged to the 
income statement under the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Where there is a significant 
change to the future cash flows the EIR is reassessed with an according change in the carrying 
amount of the amortised cost. The change in the carrying amount is recognised in profit or loss as 
income or expense.

Interest payable is included within accruals as a current liability.

The Group uses an invoice discounting facility secured against pledged trade receivables. As the 
Group retains the risk and rewards of the trade receivables pledged in terms of the business model 
of ‘hold to collect’ the Group continues to recognise these trade receivables with amounts drawn on 
the facility treated as a current liability at amortised cost.

Amounts due within one year

At 31 December

Obligations under finance leases

Overdrafts*

Local bank loans

Invoice discounting*

2018 
£000

(7)

(11,754)

(298)

(2,001)

(14,060)

2017 
£000

(27)

–

(789)

(2,915)

(3,731)

*   These overdrafts are offsetable, however they have not been netted off in accordance with IAS32.42.

** The amounts borrowed under the invoice discounting facility represent 60% of the receivables balance pledged.  
     As at the balance sheet date, £3.0m (2017, £1.9m) was not drawn under this facility. Interest is charged at 1.75%  
    per annum on amounts drawn.

Amounts due after one year

At 31 December

Obligations under finance leases

Local bank loans

Secured bank loans 

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

(151)

(18)

(38,372)

(38,541)

(106)

(228)

(37,430)

(37,764)

87

Notes
Continued

Secured bank loans

Total bank loans and borrowings used to calculate net cash are as follows:

At the year end, the Group had a banking facility of up to £38m (2017, £40m) plus a one year £10.0m 
(2017: £0.3m) overdraft facility. On 29 November 2017 it was agreed that this facility would reduce 
to £36m on 31 December 2019. The facility has a floating rate of interest set at 1.75% above LIBOR 
and the overdraft has floating rates of interest set at 1.75% above the Bank of England base rate. The 
banking facility is set to mature on 30 April 2020. In return for the facility the Group gives the bank 
guarantee over key UK, Dutch and Australian companies.

At 31 December

Gross secured bank loans

Capitalised finance costs

Net secured bank loans

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

(38,502)

(37,658)

130

228

At 1 January 2017

Cash movements

Non-cash movements

– Foreign exchange 
changes

(38,372)

(37,430)

– Fixed asset additions

Future interest payable on secured bank loans at balance sheet date

(1,588)

(2,215)

– Acquisitions

Gross 
 secured 
bank loans 
 £000

Local  
bank 
 loans 
 £000

Invoice 
discounting  
£000

Obligations 
 under  
finance 
 lease 
£000

Total 
 secured 
 loans* 
£000

Total 
£000

(28,582)

(10,097)

–

216

(3,645)

(32,227)

(43)

(32,270)

730

(9,151)

28

(9,123)

1,021

(33)

–

– 

–

(1,200)

–

–

–

988

–

(8)

980

(110)

(110)

(1,200)

–

(1,200)

Total secured bank loans and future interest

(39,960)

(39,645)

At 31 December 2017

(37,658)

(1,017)

(2,915)

(41,590)

(133)

(41,723)

 Total secured bank loans and future interest are due as follows:

At 31 December

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more than five years

2018 
£000

(1,185)

2017 
£000

(950)

(38,775)

(38,695)

(39,960)

(39,645)

Cash movements

(329)

690

914**

1,275

45

1,320

Non-cash movements

– Foreign exchange 
changes

– Fixed asset additions

– Acquisitions

(515)

–

–

11

–

–

–

–

–

(503)

(5)

(509)

–

–

(65)

–

(65)

–

At 31 December 2018

(38,502)

(316)

(2,001)

(40,818)

(158)

(40,977)

Obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts are due as follows: At 

*   The borrowing used to calculate net cash.

At 31 December

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more than two years

2018 
£000

(7)

(151)

(158)

2017 
£000

(27)

(106)

(133)

** The net movement of £914k (2017: £730k) is inclusive of total drawdowns during the year of £44.4m  
    (2017: £58.1m) and repayments of £45.3m (2017: £57.4m).

23. Other non-current liabilities

31 December

Employment benefit provisions*

Other

2018 
£000

(546)

(1,398)

(1,944)

* This relates to long term service leave in some locations.

2017 
£000

(499)

(1,988)

(2,487)

88

 
Notes
Continued

24. Minority shareholder put option liabilities

Policy – See below but also Basis of Preparation note on page 42

Put option liabilities are recognised at the fair value of the underlying award on the date of inception 
both as a liability on the balance sheet and a corresponding amount being recognised in the minority 
interest put option reserve. Subsequently, at each reporting date, the fair value of the liability is 
reassessed with the gain or loss being recognised in the income statement.

Upon exercise of an award by a holder the liability is extinguished and the associated minority 
interest put option reserve is transferred to the non-controlling interest acquired reserve.

Some of our subsidiaries’ local entrepreneurs (minorities) have the right to a put option. The put 
options give the minorities a right to exchange their minority holdings in the subsidiary into shares in 
M&C Saatchi plc or cash (as per the agreement).

At 1 January

Exchange difference

Exercises

Income statement gain /(charge) due to:

–  Change in estimates

–  Change in share price

–  Time

Total income statement charge

At 31 December

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

(25,129)

(33,166)

(13)

7,663

(2,664)

1,742

11

75

4,925

2,613

401

23

(911)

(18,390)

3,037

(25,129)

As at 31 December

Amounts falling due within one year

–  Cash

–  Equity

Amounts falling due after one year, but less than three years

–  Cash

–  Equity

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

–

(12,327)

(12,327)

(1,713)

(4,350)

(6,063)

(1,319)

(13,494)

(14,813)

(2,014)

(8,302)

(10,316)

(18,390)

(25,129)

The movements in the year relating to the minority interest put options that are payable in cash or 
equity are as follows:

Cash based

At 1 January

Exchange difference

Reclassified to equity based

Income statement gain / (charge) due to:

–  Change in estimates

–  Change in share price

–  Time

At 31 December

2018 
£000

(3,333)

(11)

1,446

141

44

–

2017 
£000

(3,299)

75

23

(175)

33

10

(1,713)

(3,333)

89

 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

Equity based

At 1 January

Exercises

Reclassified (from)/to cash based

Income statement charge due to

–  Change in estimates

–  Change in share price

–  Time

At 31 December

2018 
shares* 
‘000

(5,867)

2,014

(500)

(2,008)

587

4

(5,770)

2018 
£000

(21,796)

7,663

(1,446)

(2,806)

1,697

11

(16,677)

* The estimated number of M&C Saatchi plc shares that will be issued to fulfil at 289.0p (2017: 371.5p).

At each period end, the fair value of the put option liability is calculated in accordance with 
the shareholders’ agreement, and any movements charged to the income statement. Where 
the agreement gives a right to convert to a variable number of shares (rather than a value), 
the number of shares is converted to a value by using the period end share price (2018: 
289.0p; 2017: 371.5p).

The liability value will vary with both our share price and the subsidiary enterprises’ performance. 
Current liabilities are determined by our year end share price and the 2018 results of the 
companies who can exercise in 2019. Non-current liabilities are determined by our year end 
share price and the projected results of the companies who can exercise after 2019. The 
projected  results show management’s best estimate of the growth rates and margin of the 
companies who can exercise after 2018. Given that these companies are small, single account 
wins / losses can have a significant effect on their margins. Such accounts changes are far more 
significant than changes to exchange rates and underlying economic growth rates.

The Group’s approach relating to the valuation of the minority interest put options is 
detailed in note 27. 

2017 
£000

(29,867)

4,925

(23)

2,788

368

13

 Put options are exercisable from:

Subsidiary 

M&C Saatchi Marketing Arts Ltd

M&C Saatchi (M) SDN BHD

Influence Communications Ltd

M&C Saatchi Europe Holdings Ltd

M&C Saatchi Communications Pty Ltd

(21,796)

FCINQ SAS

M&C Saatchi Sport & Entertainment LLP (US)

M&C Saatchi Sport & Entertainment Pvt Ltd

Talk PR Ltd

M&C Saatchi UK PR LLP

M&C Saatchi Corporate SAS

M&C Saatchi (Switzerland) SA

M&C Saatchi Merlin Ltd

The Source (London) Ltd

M&C Saatchi Brazil Comunicação LTDA

Shepardson Stern + Kaminsky LLP

M&C Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd

Creative Spark Interactive (PTY) Ltd

Year

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2018

2019

2020

2020

% of 
subsidiaries 
shares  
exchangeable

50.0

20.0

5.0

4.0

13.0

18.0

23.0

34.0

39.0

0.3

29.8

20.0

25.0

10.0

40.0

33.3

20.0

10.0

90

Notes
Continued

25. Issued share capital

Allotted, called up and fully paid

Policy

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs attributable to the issuance of new 
shares are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from proceeds.

Where the Group reacquires its own equity instruments (treasury shares), the consideration 
paid is deducted from equity attributable to owners of the Group and recognised within the 
treasury reserve.

At 31 December 2016

Acquisition 16.566% of Shepardson Stern + Kaminsky LLP

Acquisition 10% Talk PR Ltd

Acquisition 10% M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd

Acquisition 24.5% LIDA NY LLP

Acquisition 0.1% of M&C Saatchi Network Ltd

Acquisition 32.9% of Bohemia Group Pty Ltd

Exercise of Mobile USA share options

Acquisition of small percentages of UK and Australian subsidiaries

At 31 December 2017

Exercise of Mobile USA share options

Acquisition of 51% of Scarecrow Communications Ltd

Acquisition of 20% M&C Saatchi Merlin Ltd

Acquisition of 40.3% M&C Saatchi PR UK LLP

Acquisition 53% of Red Hare Ltd 

Contingent consideration Levergy Marketing Agency Pty Ltd- 

Acquisition 24.5% LIDA NY LLP

Acquisition 10% M&C Saatchi Advertising GmbH

Acquisition of small percentages of US and Swedish subsidiaries

Number of  
shares 

74,950,196

687,280

132,572

2,476,017

390,271

300,000

524,775

945,801

925,890

81,332,802

1,979,782

450,639

250,760

1,221,979

1,320,324

117,733

315,681

514,947

98,906

1p Ordinary 
shares 
£000

749

7

1

25

4

3

5

10

9

813

20

5

3

12

13

1

3

5

1

At 31 December 2018

87,603,553

876

The Group holds 700,000 of the above M&C Saatchi plc shares in treasury.

91

 
Notes
Continued

26. Share based payments

Policy

Expense recognised in the year:

Certain of the Group’s subsidiaries’ local entrepreneurs (who are Minority Interests of the Group) 
have the right to a put option over the equity they hold in the relevant subsidiary. This put option is 
dependent upon the holders continued employment by the group and is only redeemable in shares 
of M&C Saatchi plc. As such these schemes are accounted for under IFRS 2 as equity-settled share-
based payments to employees.

Equity settled

Cash settled

Total

The fair value of the awards are calculated at the grant date of each scheme based on the Group’s 
estimate of shares that will ultimately vest, which includes assumptions over conditions such as 
profitability of the subsidiary to which the awards relate. This value is recognised as an expense 
in the income statement over the vesting period of the award on a straight-line basis with a 
corresponding increase in equity.

The fair value of the awards is calculated by means of a Monte Carlo model with inputs made in 
terms the plc share price at date of grant, risk free rate, historic volatility of share price, dividend 
yield and time to vest. 

Upon exercise of the awards the nominal value of the shares issued is credited to share capital with 
the balance of the fair value award credited to share premium. The minority interest to which the 
awards was attached is concomitantly extinguished.

Vested and exercised award activity

At 1 January 2017

Vested

Exercised*

At 31 December 2017

Vested

Exercised*

At 31 December 2018

2018 
£000

6,104

–

6,104

2017 
£000

13,501

–

13,501

Conditional 
share awards

2,107,224

3,197,220

Total 
number

2,107,224

3,197,220

(4,112,089)

(4,112,089)

1,192,355

1,192,355

2,901,331

2,644,544

(2,368,053)

(2,052,372)

1,725,633

1,784,527

* The average price when these options were exercised was 393.18p (2017: 328.75p).

Inputs to Monte Carlos used to calculate the fair value of share awards made during the 
year are as follows:

The conditional share awards are conditional that the employee remains employed by the Group 
on the day of exercise. Vesting relates to those shares that can be exercised at the year end.

Share price at grant

Expected volatility

Risk free rate

Dividend yield

Fair value of award per share

2018

2017

£2.88 - £3.90

£3.30 - £3.55

29% - 34%

29% - 32%

0.72% - 1.11%

0.28% - 1.05%

2.44% - 3.31%

2.33% - 2.60%

£1.54 - £3.73

£1.96 - £3.14

The total fair value of each award, expense recognised in the year plus grant and vesting dates can 
be seen on pages 93 to 95.

Share option activity included LTIP awards made to the Directors of the Group are discussed in 
terms of the work of the remuneration committee (see page 27).

92

Notes
Continued

26. Share based payments continued

Share option schemes outstanding at the end of the year are shown as follows:

M&C Saatchi Network Ltd** & ***

M&C Saatchi Network Ltd

M&C Saatchi LA Inc

M&C Saatchi LA Inc

M&C Saatchi Shop Ltd

M&C Saatchi Shop Ltd

M&C Saatchi Shop Ltd

M&C Saatchi Accelerator Ltd

M&C Saatchi Accelerator Ltd

M&C Saatchi Accelerator Ltd

M&C Saatchi Mobile Singapore

M&C Saatchi (S) Pte Ltd

M&C Saatchi Tel Aviv Ltd

LIDA NY LLP

M&C Saatchi SpA

Paris GAD Holding SAS

M&C Saatchi Share Inc

M&C Saatchi AB

M&C Saatchi Middle East Holdco Ltd

M&C Saatchi Worldwide Ltd

M&C Saatchi Worldwide Ltd

M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd***

M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd***

M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd***

M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd

M&C Saatchi Mobile USA** & ***

M&C Saatchi Mobile USA** & ***

M&C Saatchi Mobile USA**

M&C Saatchi Berlin GMBH

Grant date

05/05/2015

05/05/2015

16/12/2004

15/01/2015

03/12/2015

03/12/2015

03/12/2015

26/11/2015

26/11/2015

26/11/2015

24/06/2015

01/09/2013

21/04/2015

15/03/2016

09/12/2015

24/02/2016

12/06/2015

11/02/2014

23/03/2016

01/06/2016

18/07/2016

23/08/2016

23/08/2016

23/08/2016

15/04/2018

28/10/2016

28/10/2016

28/10/2016

14/12/2016

MI  
shareholding  
by voting  
right

Total charge to 
vesting 
£000 

Vesting 
date***

Charge for 
2018 
£000

Charge for 
2017 
£000

0.00%

5.00%

6.00%

4.00%

2.50%

2.50%

2.50%

6.70%

6.70%

6.70%

5.00%

20.00%

20.00%

24.50%

20.00%

40.00%

20.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%

0.00%

5.00%

5.00%

10.00%

10.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

13.30%

£931

£2,581

£184

£350

£23

£21

£20

£141

£158

£145

£101

£347

£104

£1,911

£1,332

–

–

£787

£22

£977

£57

£3,000

£1,000

£4,000

£2,106

£1,537

£1,537

£806

£497

15/04/2017

15/04/2019

15/04/2020

15/04/2020

15/04/2020

15/04/2021

15/04/2022

15/04/2020

15/04/2021

15/04/2022

15/04/2020

15/04/2019

15/04/2020

30/11/2018

15/04/2019

01/05/2020

15/04/2020

01/12/2017

15/04/2019

01/01/2019

01/01/2019

02/05/2017

27/08/2017

09/08/2017

15/04/2018

27/08/2017

14/10/2018

15/04/2020

15/04/2021

–

£654

£12

£67

£5

£4

£3

£32

£29

£23

£21

£62

£21

£645

£397

–

–

–

£7

£378

£23

–

–

–

£369

–

–

£233

£115

£137

£654

£12

£67

£(10)

£(8)

£(6)

£32

£29

£23

£21

£62

£21

£705

£397

–

–

£190

£7

£378

£23

£1,943

£648

£3,335

£1,532

£1,212

£1,400

£233

£172

93

MI 
shareholding 
by voting 
right

Total charge to 
vesting 
£000

Notes
Continued

M&C Saatchi Digital GmbH

Clear Ideas Ltd – B shares (Group)

Clear Ideas Ltd – C shares (UK)

Clear LA LLC

Human Digital Ltd

Human Digital Ltd

Human Digital Ltd

M&C Saatchi, S.A. DE. C.V

M&C Saatchi Sports & Entertainment Ltd

Levergy Marketing Agency Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi PR International Ltd

M&C Saatchi PR International Ltd

M&C Saatchi PR International Ltd

Re Worldwide Ltd – B shares

Re Worldwide Ltd – C shares

M&C Saatchi Sports & Entertainment 
LA LLC – B units

M&C Saatchi Sports & Entertainment 
LA LLC – C units

Greenhouse Pty Ltd – 4 year

Greenhouse Pty Ltd – 5 year

Greenhouse Pty Ltd – 6 year

The Source Insight Australia Pty Ltd – First tranche

The Source Insight Australia Pty Ltd 
– Second tranche

M&C Saatchi Holdings Asia Pte Ltd – tranche 1

M&C Saatchi Holdings Asia Pte Ltd – tranche 2

Scarecrow Communications Ltd – First option

Scarecrow Communications Ltd – Second option

M&C Saatchi Social Ltd – First tranche

M&C Saatchi Social Ltd – Second tranche

M&C Saatchi Sponsorship SL

Grant date

14/02/2017

03/03/2017

03/03/2017

28/03/2017

12/04/2017

12/04/2017

12/04/2017

01/07/2017

31/10/2017

15/11/2017

29/11/2017

29/11/2017

29/11/2017

01/01/2018

01/01/2018

01/01/2018

01/01/2018

01/01/2018

01/01/2018

01/01/2018

15/02/2018

15/02/2018

20/03/2018

20/03/2018

01/05/2018

01/05/2018

29/06/2018

29/06/2018

01/02/2018

25.00%

5.00%

15.00%

12.00%

11.50%

11.50%

17.00%

41.00%

30.00%

11.90%

13.30%

13.30%

13.30%

27.50%

22.40%

25.00%

25.00%

11.00%

1.80%

7.20%

14.00%

21.00%

27.40%

22.50%

24.50%

24.50%

24.50%

24.50%

49.00%

Vesting 
date***

15/04/2022

15/04/2022

15/04/2022

15/04/2022

15/04/2021

15/04/2022

15/04/2023

15/04/2023

15/04/2022

15/04/2021

15/04/2022

15/04/2023

15/04/2024

31/12/2022

31/12/2022

24/04/2022

£154

£282

£617

£78

£120

£89

£99

£309

£596

£238

£105

£93

£82

£513

£418

£202

£202

24/04/2022

£0

£0

£10

£123

£158

£58

£57

£339

£359

£1,642

£1,341

–

15/01/2022

15/01/2023

15/01/2024

15/01/2022

25/01/2025

02/09/2024

07/09/2024

20/01/2020

20/01/2022

30/06/2021

30/06/2023

01/02/2023

Charge for 
2018 
£000

Charge for 
2017 
£000

£30

£55

£121

£16

£30

£18

£16

£53

£134

£70

£24

£17

£13

£102

£83

£47

£47

–

–

–

£28

£20

£10

£7

£132

£64

£277

£136

–

£26

£46

£98

£12

£22

£13

£12

£27

£22

£9

£2

£2

£1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

94

 
Notes
Continued

M&C Saatchi Send Me A 
Sample Ltd – B1 shares

M&C Saatchi Send Me A 
Sample Ltd – B2 shares

M&C Saatchi Send Me A 
Sample Ltd – B3 shares

M&C Saatchi UK Ltd

M&C Saatchi Advertising GmbH

M&C Saatchi Mobile Ltd*

M&C Saatchi Advertising GmbH

M&C Saatchi Sports & 
Entertainment NY LLP

M&C Saatchi Asia Hong Kong Ltd – B shares

Talk PR Ltd

Majority LLC

Talk Purpose Ltd – B1 shares

Talk Purpose Ltd – B2 shares

Talk Purpose Ltd – B3 shares

Total

Grant date

02/07/2018

02/07/2018

02/07/2018

06/07/2018

12/07/2018

10/08/2018

01/10/2018

01/11/2018

23/11/2018

23/11/2018

30/11/2018

07/12/2018

07/12/2018

07/12/2018

MI shareholding 
by voting right

Total charge 
to vesting,  
£000

Vesting 
date***

Charge for 
2018 
£000 

Charge for 
2017 
£000

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

30.00%

4.10%

n/a

10.00%

15.50%

30.00%

10.00%

50.00%

6.00%

6.00%

8.00%

£148

£190

£197

£662

£16

£1,340

£5

–

£211

–

£104

£62

£56

£68

15/04/2023

15/04/2024

15/04/2025

15/04/2023

15/04/2023

per annum*

15/04/2024

15/04/2024

15/04/2024

15/04/2023

15/04/2024

15/05/2024

15/04/2025

15/04/2026

£15

£16

£14

£68

£2

£1,330

£0

–

£4

–

£2

£1

£1

£1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

£6,104

£13,501

*     Award relates to a scheme provided to one employee of the Company. Scheme is remunerated exclusively in shares of the Group in reward dependent on future employment status of the employee. The terms of the award are such that it  
      is in place for perpetuity as long the individual remains an employee with rewards remunerated on a per annum basis dependent on the performance of the business to which it is attached on a calendar year basis. As the value of the  
      award is solely dependent on the future performance of the subsidiary enterprise with no inputs related to the overall performance of the Group in terms of market capitalisation or profitability, there is no requirement for an option  
      pricing model to be used when determining future fair value of this equity settled share-based payment award.

**   Entities which have provided put option awards to employees attached to classes of share which are capital in nature but have neither voting rights nor rights to distribution.

*** Fully exercised.

95

 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

27. Fair value measurement

Policy – See basis of preparation note on page 43

Certain of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities, in addition to certain non-financial assets 
and liabilities are held at fair value.

The fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to 
transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date.

Financial and non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the Balance Sheet are 
grouped into three levels of a fair value hierarchy. The three levels are defined based on the 
observability of significant inputs to the measurement, as follows:

 – Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

At 31 December 2018

Financial assets

Equity investments at FVTPL*

Financial liabilities

Contingent consideration 

MI put option liabilities

 – Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the 

At 31 December 2017

asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

 – Level 3: unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The Group holds both assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring 
basis and those which are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Items measured at 
fair value on a non-recurring basis typically relate to non-financial assets arising as a result of 
business combinations as accounted for under the acquisition method. In this regard, during the 
year the Group has recognised additions to intangible assets (brand names and customer lists) 
totalling £2,859k (2017: £2,591k). These assets fall within Level 3 of the IFRS 13 hierarchy and are 
described in note 16. 

In addition, the Group also calculates the fair value of certain non-financial assets when there is 
the need to conduct an impairment review. These calculations also fall within Level 3 of the IFRS 13 
hierarchy and where applicable are described in note 16.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table shows the levels within the hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities measured 
at fair value on a recurring basis at 31 December 2018 and 31 December 2017

Level 1 
£000

Level 2 
£000

Level 3 
£000

 -

- 

- 

 -

- 

- 

12,958

(1,154)

(18,390)

Level 1 
£000

Level 2 
£000

Level 3 
£000

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

10,596

(1,210)

(25,129)

Financial assets

Equity investments at FVTPL*

Contingent consideration 

MI put option liabilities

* Prior to the adoption of IFRS 9 these items were held at cost. As part of transition to IFRS 9 the fair value of these 

items as at 1 January 2018 has been calculated.

The level within which the financial asset or liability is classified is determined based on the 
lowest level of significant input to the fair value measurement.

96

Notes
Continued

The movements in the fair value of the level 3 recurring financial assets and liabilities are 
shown as follows:

At 1 January

Net (loss) / gain in the income statement

Net profit / (loss) in other 
comprehensive income

Additions

Settlement

Currency movements

At 31 December

Equity 
instruments 
at FVTPL 
£000

Contingent 
consideration 
£000

Put option 
liabilities 
£000

10,596

1,584

–

780

–

(2)

(1,210)

(37)

–

(367)

459

1

(25,129)

(911)

–

–

7,663

(13)

12,958

(1,154)

(18,390)

 Total

Adjusted purchase price

+10%

-10%

Increase / (decrease) in 
fair value of asset 
£000 

1,296

(1,296)

In addition, management consider there to be a risk that the most recent purchase prices are 
sensitive to a decision to sell the investments to an unwilling market. If such a market existed, 
then discounting the investments to reflect such risk could impact the value as shown below:

Risk adjusted sales price

-30% sales discount due to illiquid nature

-12% risk discount for unwilling market place

Increase / (decrease) 
in fair value of asset 
£000

(3,877)

(1,555)

(5,432)

Movements in the contingent consideration and put option liabilities are recognised as finance 
(costs) / gains whilst the Equity instruments at FVTPL are recognised as other income and 
comprise part of operating profit.

Valuation and sensitivity to valuation

The Group’s finance team performs valuations of financial items for financial reporting purposes, 
including Level 3 fair values. Where appropriate such valuations are performed in consultation 
with third-party valuation specialists for complex calculations.

The valuation approaches adopted for each category of financial instrument held at fair value 
detailed above, in addition to the calculation’s sensitivity to salient inputs, are as detailed below.

(i) Equity instruments at FVTPL – These assets relate to corporate venturing unlisted equity 
investments as detailed in note 19b. Management use the most recent market prices as the basis 
for establishing the fair value of the equity investments as at year end. Fluctuations in these 
purchase prices would therefore change the fair value of the investments recognised at year end, 
as follows assuming a 10% uplift or downwards movement in the price: 

*   If these illiquid securities were to be sold then such a sale is expected to yield between a 10% and  
     50% discount, so sensitivity based on 30%.

** Risk that if cash supply dries up some of the investments with future growth prospects will run out  
     of cash requiring a fire sale, reflected by additional risk discount of 12%.

(ii) Contingent consideration – Contingent consideration relates to one acquisition made in 
2017 (Levergy) and the 2018 acquisition of Scarecrow Communications Limited. 

The Levergy consideration is payable in a variable number of M&C Saatchi plc shares which is 
dependent on the future profitability and growth of profit of the acquired entity. The fair value 
of the contingent consideration outstanding at year end is calculated based on forward looking 
forecasts of the business applied to the terms of the acquisition (which defines the number of plc 
shares to be earned into). The resultant cash equivalent amount of the shares which would have 
been issued is discounted to present value using a discount rate based on a country specific WACC.

97

NOTES
Continued

The key inputs for calculation of the fair value of the deferred consideration at year end relate to 
(i) the risk adjusted discount rates used, and (ii) the future forecast profitability of the acquired 
business over the period of the deferred consideration. Differences in either of these inputs would 
change the fair value of the liability:

With regards the sensitivity of the put liabilities in terms of the M&C Saatchi plc share price, the 
year-end share price was 289.0p (2017: 371.5p). The 2018 charges (and thus year end liability 
recognised) would have changed as follows had the share price been:

Forecast PBT

10%

-10%

Adjusted WACC

+5%

-5%

Increase / (decrease)  
in fair value of liability  
£000

113

(113)

Increase / (decrease)  
in fair value of liability  
£000

(37)

42

Share price

Movement

231.0p

260.0p

289.0p

318.0p

347.0p

-20.0%

-10.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

28. Financial risk management

Principal financial instruments

Increase / (decrease)  
in fair value of liability  
£000

(2,310)

(1,155)

–

613

1,639

The Scarecrow Communication Limited contingent consideration is payable in a variable number of 
plc shares. The formula used to derive the number of plc shares is based on historic results of the 
company. As such the calculation does not involve any estimates and no disclosures regarding the 
sensitivity of the inputs made are relevant.

(iii) MI put option liabilities – As explained in the significant judgement section and note 24 the 
Group has issued put option agreements to certain minority interests (MI) of the Group which are 
accounted for as liabilities. The liability arising in each instance is based on future profitability of 
the entity in which the MI holds equity. The fair value of each put liability is calculated based on 
management’s best estimate of forecast growth rates and margin of the companies applied to the 
terms of the shareholders agreement.

The key inputs to the fair value calculation for the put option liabilities, the forecast future 
profitability of the entities to which the put options are attached and the prevailing plc share price 
(which drives the profit multiple to be applied). Differences between the actual and the projected 
results of the entities could therefore have an impact on the fair value as follows:

Forecast PBT

+10%

-10%

Increase / (decrease)  
in fair value of liability  
£000

1,307

(1,394)

Forecasts of future profitability create significant estimation uncertainty to valuation of the minority 
put option liabilities. 

The principal financial instruments held by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, 
include contract assets, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, contract liabilities, 
trade and other payables, loans and borrowings, MI put options accounted under IFRS 9 as liabilities 
and equity instruments representing long term investments in non-listed entities.

The Group does not typically use derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposure to foreign 
exchange or interest rate risks arising from operational, financing and investment activities.

The following financial instruments are measured at fair value and details regarding the valuations 
undertaken are disclosed in note 27.

Group 

Financial assets

Equity investments at FVTPL

Financial liabilities

MI put option liabilities

Contingent consideration

Company 

2018

£000

12,958

2018

(18,390)

(1,154)

2017

£000

10,596

2017

(25,129)

(1,210)

M&C Saatchi plc company does not directly hold any financial instruments recognised at fair value.

98

Notes
Continued

28.1 General objective, policies and processes

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the determination of the Group’s and 
Company’s risk management objectives and policies. Whilst retaining ultimate responsibility for 
them, the Board has delegated the authority for designing and operating processes that ensure the 
effective implementation of the objectives and policies to the Group’s senior management of each 
core business unit. The Board receives monthly reports from management through which it reviews 
the effectiveness of the processes put in place and the appropriateness of the objectives and 
policies it sets.

The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without 
unduly affecting the Group’s competitiveness and flexibility of the global businesses of which it is 
comprised. Further details regarding these policies are set out below.

28.2 Market risk

Market risk arises from the Group’s use of interest bearing financial instruments and foreign 
currency cash holdings. It is the risk that the fair value of future cashflows on its debt finance and 
cash investments will fluctuate because of changes in interest rates (interest rate risk), foreign 
exchange rates (currency risk) and other price risk such as equity price risk and share price risk. 
Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings, deposits, debt, equity 
investments and minority interest (MI) put options.

Exposure to market risk arises in the normal course of the Group’s business.

Exchange rate

10%

-10%

28.4 Interest rate risk

Increase / (decrease)  
in profit before tax  
£000

Increase / (decrease)  
in profit after tax  
£000

(1,369)

1,560

(967)

1,085

The Group is exposed to interest rate risk because it holds a banking facility of up to £38m and 
an overdraft facility of up to £10million, both based on floating interest risks. The Group does not 
consider this risk to be significant.

The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for 
financial instruments held at the balance sheet date. The analysis is prepared assuming the amount 
of borrowings outstanding at the balance sheet date were outstanding for the whole year. A 50-basis 
point increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management 
personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonable possible changes 
in interest rates.

If interest rates had been 50 basis points higher / lower and all other variables were held constant, 
the Group’s profit for the year ended 31 December 2018 would (decrease) / increase by £(204)k 
/ £204k (2017: £(207)k / £207k). This is principally attributable to the Group’s exposure to interest 
rates on its floating rate loan.

28.3 Foreign exchange risk

28.5 Liquidity risk

Foreign exchange risk arises from transactions and recognised assets and liabilities and net 
investments in foreign operations. The Group’s general operating policy historically has been 
to conduct business in the currency of the local area in which businesses of the Group are 
geographically located, thereby naturally hedging the consideration resulting from client work. 
Businesses of the Group maintain bank accounts in the currency of these transactions solely 
for working capital purposes. As the Group has grown there has been an increase in services 
rendered being exported from the UK businesses to clients who transact in non-GBP currencies. 
The transactional risk arising from such exports is mitigated in terms of the structuring of the billing 
arrangements and agreement to regular invoices being remitted and promptly paid (<30 days).

The Group is exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates in respect of the translation 
of net assets and income statements of foreign subsidiaries and equity accounted investments. The 
Group does not hedge the translation effect of exchange rate movements on the income statements 
or balance sheets of foreign subsidiaries and equity accounted investments as it regards these as 
long-term investments.

The estimated impact on foreign exchange gains and losses of a +/- ten percent movement in the 
closing GBP sterling exchange rate on the retranslation of non-GBP-denominated currencies held by 
businesses of the Group is as follows:

Liquidity risk arises from the Group’s management of working capital and the finance charges and, 
when appropriate, principal repayments on its debt instruments. It is the risk that the Group will 
encounter difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as and when they fall due. The Group’s debt 
instruments carry interest at LIBOR + 1.75%.

The Group’s policy is to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities 
when they come due. To achieve this aim, the Group has a planning and budgeting process in place 
to determine the funds required to meet its normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis. 
The Group and Company ensures that there are sufficient funds to meet its short-term business 
requirements, taking into account its anticipated cash flows from operations, its holdings of cash 
and cash equivalent and proposed strategic investments. 

The Board receives rolling 12-month cash flow projections on a monthly basis as well as 
information regarding cash balances. At the end of the financial period, these projections indicated 
that the Group had sufficient liquid resources to meet its obligations under all reasonably 
expected circumstances.

99

Notes
Continued

The following table sets out the contractual maturities (representing undiscounted contractual cash 
flows) of financial liabilities:

Group

At 31 December 2018

Up to 3 
months  
£000

3 to 12 
months 
£000

1 to 2  
years 
 £000

2 to 5  
years 
 £000

Over 5  
years 
 £000

Trade and other payables

(118,687)

(23,941)

Loans and borrowings

Overdrafts

Total

Company

At 31 December 2018

Trade and other payables

Loans and borrowings

Total

28.6 Credit risk

(2,008)

(11,754)

(132,449)

Up to 3  
months

£000

(324)

-

(324)

(298)

–

(24,239)

3 to 12  
months

£000

(22,000)

(29,970)

(51,970)

(2,392)

(38,092)

–

(40,484)

1 to 2  
years

£000

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2 to 5  
years

Over 5 
years

£000

£000

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial 
instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations.

The Group monitors credit risk at both a local and Group level. Credit terms are set and monitored 
at a local level according to local business practices and commercial trading conditions. The 
age of debt, and the level of accrued and deferred income is reported regularly. Age profiling is 
monitored, both at local customer level and at consolidated entity level. There is only local exposure 
to debt from our significant global clients. The Group continues to review its debt exposure to 
foreign currency movements and will review efficient strategies to mitigate risk as the Group’s 
overseas debt increases.

Management determines concentrations of credit risk by reviewing amounts due from customers 
monthly. The only significant concentrations of credit risk which are accepted are with multinational 
blue chip (or their equivalent) organisations where credit risk is not considered an issue.

Impairment

The group has two types of financial asset that are subject to the expected credit loss model:

 – Trade receivables

 – Contract assets

The group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a 
lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables and contract assets.

To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables and contract assets have been 
grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics and the days past due. The contract assets 
relate to unbilled work in progress and have substantially the same risk characteristics as the 
trade receivables for the same types of contracts. The group has therefore concluded that the 
expected loss rates for trade receivables are a reasonable approximation of the loss rates for the 
contract assets.

The expected loss rates for each business, is based on the payment profiles of sales at least over a 
period of 24 months before 31 December 2018 or 1 January 2018 respectively and the corresponding 
historical credit losses experienced within this period. The historical loss rates are adjusted to 
reflect current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors affecting the ability of the 
customers to settle the receivables.

The loss allowance as at 31 December 2018 and 1 January 2018 (on adoption of IFRS 9) was 
determined as follows for both trade receivables and contract assets.

31 December 2018

Expected loss rate (%)

Trade receivables (£000)

Loss allowance

1 January 2018

Expected loss rate (%)

Trade receivables (£000)

Loss allowance

Trade receivables

Not past  
due

1 - 120 days 
 past due

121 - 270 days  
past due

> 270 days  
past due*

0.01%

107,708

12

0.44%

4,312

19

50.21%

343

173

0.00%

1,964

0

Trade receivables

Not past  
due

1 - 120 days 
 past due

121 - 270 days  
past due

> 270 days  
past due*

0.01%

83,250

7

1.74%

2,569

45

56.87%

395

224

0.00%

66

0

*   Trade debtors > 270 days past due relates solely to one business unit which has not, to date, had to impair trade  
    debtor positions held.

** An immaterial loss was calculated for contract assets and has not been included in the annual report.

Trade receivables and contract assets are written off when there is no reasonable expectation 
of recovery. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include, amongst 
others, the failure of a debtor to engage in a repayment plan with the group, and a failure to make 
contractual payments for a period greater than 90 days past due.

Impairment losses on trade receivables and contract assets are presented as net impairment losses 
within operating profit (note 20). Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are 
credited against the same line item.

100

 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

28.7 Share price risk

As detailed on page 4 the Group uses put option awards to incentivise certain local key management 
(who are NCI). The value of these awards is in part dependent upon the Group’s share price. The 
fair valuation of these schemes and the potential impact of movements in the share price are 
discussed in note 27. 

28.8 Equity price risk

The Group’s non-listed equity investments are susceptible to market price risk arising from 
uncertainties about future values of the investment securities. The Group manages equity price 
risk through diversification and by placing limits on individual and total equity investment securities. 
Reports on the equity portfolio are submitted to the Group’s senior management on a regular 
basis. The Group’s Board of Directors reviews and approves all equity investment decisions. The 
basis of the fair value calculations and the sensitivity of these calculations to the key inputs is 
detailed in note 27.

28.9 Capital management

The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as going 
concerns while maximising the return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and 
equity balance. Strong financial capital management is an integral element of the Directors’ strategy 
to achieve the Group’s stated objectives. The Directors review financial capital reports on a regular 
basis and the Group finance function do so on a daily basis ensuring that the Group has adequate 
liquidity. The Directors’ consideration of going concern is detailed in the Directors Report. 

The capital structure of the Group consists of debt, which includes the borrowings disclosed in note 
22, cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to equity holders of the parent as disclosed in 
the Statement of Changes in Equity.

29. Related party transactions

Key management remuneration

Key management remuneration is disclosed in note 8.

Unaudited detail on Directors’ remuneration is disclosed in the Remuneration Report on page 30.

Other related parties

During the year, the Group entered into the following transactions with related parties:

Lara Hussein has an equity interest in Brand Energy. During the year, the Group was charged, on 
an arm’s-length basis, by Brand Energy £756k (2017: £577k), of which nil (2017: nil) was unpaid 
at the year end.

To assist the local directors to acquire 20% of M&C Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd in 2015, loans of AUD3.6m 
were issued. At the year end, the balance of the loan was AUD3.2m (2016: AUD3.2m) (see note 19 for 
further details).

In 2015 the Group lent Antoine Barthuel, an arm’s-length interest-bearing Euro 150k loan, a further 
an arm’s-length interest-bearing Euro 150k loan was issued in 2017, the balance of the loan was Euro 
300k (2017: Euro 300k) at the year end. 

During the year, the Group made purchases of £3,193k (2017: £2,356k) from its associates. At 31 
December 2018, there was nil due to associates in respect of these transactions (2017: nil), a further 
nil (2017: £1,367k) was paid in advance and owed to the Group for these transactions. During the 
year, £164k (2017: £160k) of fees were charged by Group companies to associates. At 31 December 
2018, associates owed Group companies £831k (2016: £254k).

During the year, the Company recharged its subsidiaries and indirect subsidiaries with £818k 
(2017: £818k) of its costs, £316k (2017: £268k) of interest. The balance outstanding can be seen in 
notes 38 and 39.

30. Commitments

The only substantive commitment the Group had at year end, was to extend the lease on its head 
office by 15 years. The lease extension will be entered into following the signing of these accounts 
and will have the effect of delaying the benefit on transition to IFRS16 from this material tail end 
lease for some years.

31. Assets held for sale

Policy

Assets that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their 
carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Any reduction in the value of the asset is recognised 
as an impairment. Assets meeting the criteria are presented separately as current assets on 
the balance sheet. 

The Group classifies non-current assets as held for sale when the carrying amount will be principally 
recovered through its disposal as opposed to continued use. For this to be the case the asset must 
be available for immediate sale and the sale must be highly probable.

An asset classified as held for sale will have its contribution to the income statement shown 
separately where such an asset meets the definition of a discontinued operation.

Cost

As at 1 January

Non-current assets classified as held for sale

At 31 December

2018 
£000

-

13,106

13,106

2017 
£000

-

-

-

101

Notes
Continued

During the course of the year the Group decided to commence a plan for the disposal of the 24.9% 
equity investment held in Walker Media Limited.

On 1 February 2019 the Company announced that it had agreed terms for Publicis Groupe to acquire 
the equity investment held in Walker Media Limited (trading as Blue 449) for £25m. The consideration 
was payable in cash on 31 January 2019. 

As the equity investment represented neither a separate major line of business, nor a subsidiary 
acquired with a view to resale the contribution of the investment to the Group’s result for the year 
(note 17) has not been presented as a discontinued operation.

32. Post balance sheet events

As detailed in note 31, on 31January 2019 the Group sold its remaining 25% stake held in Blue 449 for 
total proceeds of £25m.

Prior to the year end the Group agreed to the terms to extend the lease on its head office by 
11 years. The lease extension will be entered into following the signing of these accounts and will 
have the effect of delaying the benefit on transition to IFRS16 from this material tail end lease 
for some years. 

33. Other accounting policies

Reserves

Equity comprises the following:

Share capital

Other reserves

Merger reserve

Premium paid for shares above the nominal value of share capital, caused by the acquisition of 
more than 90% of subsidiaries’ shares. The merger reserve is released to retained earnings when 
there is a disposal, impairment charge or amortisation charge posted in respect of the investment 
that created it.

Treasury reserve

Amount paid for own shares acquired.

Minority interest put option reserve

Corresponds to the initial fair value of the liability in respect of the put options at creation. When the 
put option is exercised, the related amount in this reserve is taken to the non-controlling interest 
acquired reserve. All revaluations of put options are expensed through the income statement to the 
profit and loss reserve.

Non-controlling interest acquired reserve

From 1 January 2010, a non-controlling interest acquired reserve is used when the Group acquires 
an increased stake in a subsidiary. If the stepped acquisition is due to a put option, then the 
non-controlling interest acquired reserve is equal to the minority interest put option reserve 
transferred less the book value of the minority interest acquired. Otherwise the non-controlling 
interest acquired reserve is equal to the consideration paid less the book value of the minority 
interest acquired. If the equity stake in the subsidiary is subsequently sold, then balances from this 
reserve will be transferred to retained earnings.

Represents the nominal value of equity shares in issue.

Foreign exchange reserve

Share premium

Represents the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received for equity 
shares, net of issuance costs.

For overseas operations, results are translated at the annual average rate of exchange and 
balance sheets are translated at the closing rate of exchange. The annual average rate of exchange 
approximates to the rate on the date that the transactions occurred. Exchange differences 
arising from the translation of foreign subsidiaries are taken to a separate component of equity. 
Such translation differences will be recognised as income or expense in the period in which the 
operation is disposed of.

Share based payment reserve

Represents equity-settled share-based employee remuneration until such share 
options are exercised.

Retained earnings

Cumulative gains and losses recognised.

102

Notes
Continued

34. New and revised standards issued but not yet effective

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, The Group has not applied the following 
new and revised IFRS Standards that have been issued but are not yet effective and, in some cases, 
had not yet been adopted by the EU:

The Group will apply the definition of a lease and related guidance set out in IFRS 16 to all lease 
contracts entered into or modified on or after 1 January 2019 (whether it is a lessor or a lessee in 
the lease contract). In preparation for the first-time application of IFRS 16, the Group has carried out 
an implementation project. The project has shown that the new definition in IFRS 16 will not change 
significantly the scope of contracts that meet the definition of a lease for the Group.

IFRS 16

IFRS 17

Amendments to IFRS 9

Amendments to IAS 28 

Annual Improvements to IFRS  
Standards 2015 - 2017 Cycle

Amendments to IAS 19  
Employee Benefits

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial  
Statements and IAS 28  
(amendments)

Leases

Insurance Contracts

Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation

Long term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures

Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, IFRS 
11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 Income taxes and IAS 
23 Borrowing costs

Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement

Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor 
and its Associate or Joint Venture

IFRIC 23 

Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

The Directors do not expect that the adoption of the Standards listed above will have a material 
impact on the financial statements of the Group in future periods, except as noted below.

IFRS 16 Leases

General impact of application of IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 provides a comprehensive model for the identification of lease arrangements and their 
treatment in the financial statements for both lessors and lessees. IFRS 16 will supersede the 
current lease guidance including IAS 17 Leases and the related interpretations when it becomes 
effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019. The date of initial application 
of IFRS 16 for the Group will be 1 January 2019.

Impact of the new definition of a lease

The Group will make use of the practical expedient available on transition to IFRS 16 not to reassess 
whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. Accordingly, the definition of a lease in accordance 
with IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 will continue to apply to those leases entered into, or modified, prior 
to 1 January 2019.

The change in definition of a lease mainly related to the concept of control. IFRS 16 distinguishes 
between leases and service contracts on the basis of whether the use of an identified assets is 
controlled by the customer. Control is considered to exist of the customer has:

 – The right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of an 

identified asset; and

 – The right to direct the use of that asset.

Accounting impact for M&C Saatchi plc

IFRS 16 changes how the Group will account for leases previously classified as operating 
leases under Legacy IFRS, which were off-balance sheet.

On initial application of IFRS 16, for all leases (except as noted below), the Group will:

 – Recognise ‘Right-of-Use’ assets and lease liabilities in the consolidated Balance sheet, initially  

measured at the present value of the future lease payments;

 – Recognise depreciation of ‘Right-of-Use’ assets and interest on lease liabilities in the 

consolidated Income statement; and

 – Separate the total amount of cash paid into a principal portion (presented within financing 

activities) and interest (presented within operating activities) in the consolidated 
Cash flow statement.

Lease incentives will be recognised as part of the measurement of the ‘Right-of-Use’ assets and 
lease liabilities whereas under IAS 17 they resulted in the recognition of a lease liability incentive, 
amortised as a reduction of rental expenses on a straight-line basis.

Under IFRS 16, ‘Right-of-Use’ assets will be tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36 
Impairment of assets. This will replace the previous requirement to recognise a provision for 
onerous lease contracts. For short-term leases (lease term of 12 months or less) and leases of 
low-value assets (such as personal computers and office furniture), the Group will opt to recognise a 
lease expense on a straight-line basis as permitted by IFRS 16.

As at 31 December 2018 the Group has expected non-cancellable operating lease commitments 
of £78,318k (differs to commitments disclosed in note 6 due to main lease for UK offices 
being renegotiated).

A preliminary assessment indicates that majority of these arrangements relate to leases other 
than short-term and low value leases. The NPV of the remaining lease payments (discounted 
at incremental borrowing rate of the holder) will be recognised as ‘Right-of-Use’ assets and a 
corresponding lease liability as at the date of transition. The impact on profit or loss for the year 
ending 31 December 2019 is estimated to be a decrease in Other expenses, increase Depreciation 
and to increase Interest expense. Our analysis of the impact is ongoing at 31 December 2018. 

Two subleases entered into by an American operation will be reclassified to finance leases. At the 
date of transition, a finance lease receivable of £373k is expected to be recognised.

103

Company balance sheet
Continued

At 31 December

Non-current assets

Investments

Intangible assets

Other non-current assets

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash at bank

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Contingent consideration

Net current assets

Total assets less current liabilities

Non-current Liabilities 

Contingent consideration

Other financial liabilities

40

Total net assets

Capital and reserves

Share capital

Share premium

Merger reserve

Treasury reserve

Share based payment reserve

Profit and loss account

Shareholders’ funds

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

These financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board on 27 May 2019 and 
signed on its behalf by:

36

37

38

111,599

101,914

–

2,238

113,837

78,869

2,438

81,307

10

2,288

104,212

73,814

1,683

75,497

39

(22,324)

(24,498)

David Kershaw 
Chief Executive 
M&C Saatchi plc 
Company Number 05114893

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own 
profit and loss account. Included within the consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 
December 2018 is a profit after tax of £2,913k (2016: £8,641k).

The notes on pages 106 to 109 form part of these financial statements.

(752)

(23,076)

58,231

172,068

(514)

(29,970)

(30,484)

141,584

876

46,667

63,197

(792)

20,983

10,653

(376)

(24,874)

50,623

154,835

(833)

(27,672)

(28,505)

126,330

813

32,095

63,197

(792)

17,531

13,486

141,584

126,330

104

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes
Continued

At 31 December 2016

Acquisitions

Acquisitions of minority interest

Exercise of put options

Share option charge

Recharged share option charges

Dividends paid

Profit for the year

At 31 December 2017

Acquisitions

Deferred consideration

Exercise of put options

Share option charge

Realisation of reserve

Dividends paid

Profit for the year

At 31 December 2018

The notes on pages106 to 109 form part of these financial statements.

Share  
capital 
£000

Share 
premium  
£000

749

4

5

55

–

–

–

–

813

18

1

44

–

–

–

24,099

1,498

1,587

4,911

–

–

–

–

32,095

6,484

458

7,630

–

–

–

Merger 
reserve 
£000

63,197

Treasury  
reserve 
£000

(792)

Share based  
payment  
reserve 
£000

8,891

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

13,100

(4,460)

–

–

63,197

(792)

17,531

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5,703

(2,251)

–

–

876

46,667

63,197

(792)

20,983

Profit and  
loss account 
£000

6,783

–

–

(51)

401

4,460

(6,748)

8,641

13,486

–

–

(20)

401

2,251

(8,378)

2,913

10,653

Total 
£000

102,927

1,502

1,592

4,915

13,501

–

(6,748)

8,641

126,330

6,502

459

7,654

6,104

–

(8,378)

2,913

141,584

105

Investments held as fixed assets are stated at cost, less any provision for impairment.

b) Pensions

Contributions to personal pension plans are charged to the profit and loss account in the period in 
which they are due.

Subsidiary investments

Conditional share awards

Total 

2018 
£000

90,616

20,983

111,599

Company notes
Continued

35. Accounting policies

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost 
convention in accordance with the reduced disclosure framework of FRS101. 

In adopting the reduced disclosure framework of FRS101, the Company has made the following 
exemptions from disclosure:

• 

the cash flow statement and related notes;

•  disclosures in respect of transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries;

•  disclosures in respect of capital management; and

• 

the effects of new but not yet effective IFRSs. 

Accounting policies applied

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

a) Valuation of investments

c) Group policies (preparation page 40, and the following policies)

For current tax (note 10), deferred tax (note 11), share based payments (note 26) and 
borrowings (note 22).

d) Share based payments in Company

The cost of awards to employees of subsidiary undertakings classified as conditional shares awards 
is accounted for as an additional investment in the employing subsidiary. When such awards are 
recharged to employing or acquiring entity the investment in the Company’s books is reduced by the 
value of equity awarded.

e) Dividends

Interim dividends are recorded when they are paid and the final dividends are recorded when they 
become legally payable.

f) Treasury shares

When the Company reacquires its own equity instruments, those instruments (treasury shares) are 
deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue 
or cancellation of the Company’s treasury shares. Such treasury shares may be acquired and held 
by the Company or by other members of the Group. Consideration paid or received is recognised 
directly in equity. 

2017 
£000

91,225

993

1,056

(4,460)

–

13,100

101,914

2017 
£000

84,383

17,531

101,914

2017 
£000

1,853

435

2,288

36. Investments in subsidiary undertakings

At 1 January

Acquisition of a subsidiaries

Provision against acquired subsidiary

Conditional consideration

Conditional share awards recharge of brought forward balance*

Provision against conditional share awards

Conditional share awards*

At 31 December

2018 
£000

101,914

6,600

(367)

–

(1,228)

(1,023)

5,703

111,599

* Conditional share awards (Minority interest put options with leaver provisions) (note 26).

The direct and indirect subsidiary undertakings are listed in note 3 to the consolidated 
financial statements.

37. Other non-current assets

Loans to subsidiary employees*

Loan to assist equity purchase**

Total 

2018 
£000

1,803

435

2,238

*   This related to the AUD3.6m (current balance AUD3.3m) loans that the Group lent local management of M&C  
     Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd, in 2015, to enable them to acquire 20% of that business. The full recourse loan is  
     repayable in full if the purchasers no longer have a beneficial interest in the shares of the Australian Group  
     or are no longer employed. The loan is unsecured and charged interest at 0.1% above the five-year Australian  
     interbank rate at date loan advanced. The carrying value of the loan approximated to fair value.

** Loan to South African indigenous equity holders to enable them to acquire equity in South African subsidiaries in  
     accordance with local laws.

106

Company notes
Continued

38. Trade and other receivables

41. Directors’ remuneration

Amounts due less than one year

Amounts from subsidiary undertakings*

Prepayments and accrued income

Corporation tax debtor

Other receivables

Total trade and other receivables

2018 
£000

75,467

90

2,970

342

78,869

2017 
£000

71,403

22

2,067

322

73,814

* Repayable on demand. Amounts receivable from subsidiary undertakings include receivables relating 

to exercised put options. As detailed in notes 1 and 24, the Group has a number of put option arrangements 
in place. On exercise of these put options, the Company is required to issue shares in exchange for the shares 
of the minority interests. Where the Company’s shareholding of the acquired subsidiary becomes equal to 
or higher than 90% as a result, amounts are credited to the Merger Reserve on exercise. 
The acquired shares are then immediately sold to subsidiaries of the Company, thereby creating an intercompany 
receivable and eliminating the Company’s increase in investments. 
During the year, put option liabilities of £2.8m were exercised in relation to The Source (London) Ltd, M&C Saatchi 
PR UK LLP and three smaller international subsidiaries (note 24). These liabilities are not recorded in the books of 
the Company as these are treated as derivative instruments with a negligible fair value.

39. Creditors falling due within one year 

2018 
£000

(324)

2017 
£000

(182)

(21,573)

(23,891)

(427)

(425)

(22,324)

(24,498)

Trade creditors

Amounts due to subsidiaries*

Accruals and deferred income

* Repayable on demand.

40. Creditors falling due after more than one year

Bank loans

See note 22 for more details.

Total for nine Directors:

Directors’ salaries and benefits

Bonuses*

Contribution to money purchase pension schemes

Total remuneration before accounting charges

Share option charges

Highest paid Director:

Directors’ salaries and benefits

Bonus

Contribution to money purchase pension schemes

Total remuneration before accounting charges

Share option charges

2018 
£000

2,092

125

15

2,232

401

2,633

2018 
£000

421

–

–

421

94

515

2017 
£000

2,050

125

15

2,190

401

2,591

2017 
£000

421

–

–

421

100

521

During the year, no (2017: nil) M&C Saatchi plc shares were issued to Executive Directors, in return 
for Directors’ interest in M&C Saatchi Worldwide Ltd B ordinary shares.

The number of Directors with a money purchase pension scheme was 5 (2017: 5).

The Directors are the key management personnel of the Company.

2018 
£000

2017 
£000

(29,970)

(27,672)

Additional details with regards Directors’ remuneration as required by Rule 19 of the AiM rules can 
be found in the remuneration report on pages 27 to 30. There has been neither grant to, nor exercise 
by, the Directors with regards share options during either 2017 or 2018.

107

 
 
 
Company notes
Continued

42. Related parties

Country

Entity

During the year, the Company charged a management recharge to subsidiaries totalling £818k 
(2017: £818k). £746k (2016: £325k) was due in relation to this management recharge from 
subsidiaries as at the balance sheet date. Including these amounts the Company also provides short 
term working capital loans to and borrows funds from certain subsidiaries, disclosed in notes 38 and 
39. The amounts due from subsidiary undertakings payable in cash of £75,467k (2017: £71,403k) is net 
of £7,118k (2017: £5,881k) provisions for doubtful accounts. 

China

France

Further details of related parties of the Company are provided in note 29.

43. List of registered addresses

Country

Entity

Australia

M&C Saatchi Sport & Entertainment Pty Ltd
Park Avenue PR Pty Ltd
Saatchi Ventures Pty Ltd
Tricky Jigsaw Pty Ltd

Bellwether Global Pty Ltd
Brands in Space Pty Ltd
Lida Australia Pty Ltd

Bright Red Oranges Pty Ltd
Go Studios Pty Ltd
M&C Saatchi Direct Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Agency Pty Ltd
Re Team Pty Ltd
EMC Saatchi Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Asia Pac Holdings Pty Ltd

Bang Pty Ltd
Clear Australia Pty Ltd

M&C Saatchi Melbourne Pty Ltd

Bahrain

M&C Saatchi Bahrain WLL

Lily Participacoes Ltda

Registered Address

99 Macquarie Street, 
Sydney NSW 2000 

Level 12, 131 Macquarie 
Street, Sydney NSW 2000 

Level 6 131 Macquarie 
Street, Sydney
NSW 2000

Unit 6 223-227 O’Sullivan 
Road, Bellevue Hill NSW 2023

Level 12, 131 Lucouarel Street,  
Sydney NSW 2000

Unit 19, 285A Crown Street, 
Surry Hills, NSW 2010

Level 1, 437 St Kilda Road, 
Melbourne, VIC 3004

51,122,1605,316 Manama Center

Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 
1355 Jardim Paulistano 16 
Andar, Sal São Paulo
01452-919

Brazil

M&C Saatchi Brasil Comunicação Ltda
M&C Saatchi Brasil Participacoes Ltda
M+C Saatchi/Insight Pesquisa & Planejamento Ltda

Rua Girassol, 925/927, 
1st Floor, Vila Madalena,  
05433-002

Santa Clara Participacoes Ltda

Rua Wisard, 
305, Vila Madalena,
3 Andar-Con, São Paolo

M&C Saatchi Advertising (Shanghai) Ltd

FCINQ SAS
M&C Saatchi Gad SAS
M&C Saatchi Little Stories SAS
M&C Saatchi One SARL
Paris Gad Holding SAS

Cometis
Tataprod

Germany

Hong Kong 

M&C Saatchi Advertising GmbH
M&C Saatchi Sports & Entertainment GmbH
M&C Saatchi Sun GmbH
M&C Saatchi PR Unternehmergesellschaft

Clear Asia Ltd 
M&C Saatchi (HK) Ltd

M&C Saatchi Asia Ltd

M&C Saatchi Communications Pvt Ltd

Registered Address

Room 227, Guichang  
Road, Pudong, Shanghai

32 Rue Notre Dame des 
Victoires, 75002, Paris

14 Rue Meslay, 75003,  
Paris 

Munzstrasse 21-23,  
10178, Berlin

29/F Cambridge House,  
Taikoo Place 979 King’s 
Road, Quarry Bay

6/F Alexandra House, 18 
Chater Road, Central

2 Palam Mang, Vasant  
Vihar New Delhi, 110057

India

February Communications Pvt Ltd

141B Shahpur Jat New Delhi

M&C Saatchi Scarecrow Ltd

M&C Saatchi SpA
M&C Saatchi PR srl

M&C Saatchi Tel Aviv Ltd

M&C Saatchi Ltd

M&C Saatchi (M) Sdn Bhd
Design Factory Sdn Bhd
Intelligence Factory Sdn Bhd

Italy

Israel

Japan

Malaysia

M&C Saatchi International Holdings BV

Netherlands 

Clear Netherlands BV

32 Ramjibhai Kamani  
Marg, Mumbai

Viale Monte Nero,  
27 20135, Milan

1 Abba Even, Boulevard,  
Herzlia 4672519

26-1 Ebisy-Nishi 1-Chome, 
Shibuya- Ku, Tokyo

Unit 10-2, 10th Floor,  
Bangunan Malaysia RE, 17 
Jalan Dungun, Damansara 
Heights, 50490 Kuala Lumpur

36 Golden Square, London  
W1F 9EE, UK

Keizersgracht 203 Amsterdam

Pakistan

M&C Saatchi World Services Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd

48M, Block 6 P.EC.H.S, Karachi

108

 
Company notes
Continued

43. List of registered addresses continued

44. Post-balance sheet events 

Subsequent to the year end there have been no material events specific to the Company requiring 
disclosure. Those items relevant to the Group are disclosed in Note 32.

Country

Entity

Singapore

Clear Ideas (Singapore) Pte Ltd
M&C Saatchi Mobile Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
M&C Saatchi (S) Pte Ltd

M&C Saatchi Holdings Asia Pte Ltd

South Africa

Creative Spark Interactive (Pty) Ltd
M&C Saatchi Sports & Entertainment 
South Africa Pty Ltd

Dalmation Communications (Pty) Ltd
M&C Saatchi Abel (Pty) Ltd
M&C Saatchi Africa (Pty) Ltd
M&C Saatchi Connect (Pty) Ltd

Spain

Sweden

M&C Saatchi Madrid SRL
M&C Saatchi Digital SL
Media By Design Spain SA
M&C Saatchi Sponsorship S.L

M&C Saatchi AB
M&C Saatchi Go! AB
M&C Saatchi PR AB

Switzerland

M&C Saatchi (Switzerland) SA

Love Frankie Ltd

Thailand

Registered Address

21 Media Circle 
#05-09/10, 
Infinite Studios, 138562

80 Robinson 
Road, #02-00, 068898

152 Ann Crescent, 
Sandton, 
Johannesburg, 2196

Media Quarter, 
5th Floor, Corner 
Somerset and De 
Smit Street, Ded, 
Waterkant, Cape Town

Calle Gran Via, 
27, 28013, Madrid

Skeppsbron 16, 
11130, Stockholm

Boulevard Carl-Vogt 
83, 1205, Geneve

571 RSU Tower, 10th 
Floor, Soi Sukhumvit 
31, Sukhumvit 
Road, Wattana 
District, Bangkok

109

 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

1) Our opinion is unmodified

We have audited the financial statements of M&C Saatchi plc (“the Company”) for the year ended 31 December 2018 which comprise the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of other 
comprehensive income, consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of changes in equity, the consolidated cash flow statement, the parent Company balance sheet, the parent Company statement 
changes in equity, and the related notes.

In our opinion:

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2018 and of the Group’s profit for the year then ended;

the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (IFRSs as adopted by the EU);

the parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK accounting standards, including FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework; and

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law. Our responsibilities are described below. We have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities under, 
and are independent of the Group in accordance with, UK ethical requirements including the FRC Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is a sufficient 
and appropriate basis for our opinion.

Overview

Materiality: 
Group financial statements as a whole 

Coverage 

Key audit matters

Event driven 

Recurring risks

£0.9m (2017: £0.9m)
4.4% of normalised profit before tax (2017: 4.2% of normalised profit before tax) 

80% (2017: 84%) of Group revenue; 78% (2017: 73%) profit before tax

The impact of uncertainties due to the UK exiting 
the European Union on our audit

Going concern assumption

Revenue recognition

Recoverability of goodwill 

Employee incentive schemes

Parent Company risks

Recoverability of parent Company’s investment 
in subsidiaries and intercompany receivables 

Risk vs 2017 

New 2018 risk

▲

▲

◄►

▲

◄►

110

Independent auditor’s report
Continued

2) Key audit matters: including our assessment of risks of material misstatement

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) identified by us, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. We summarise below, the key audit matters, in arriving at our audit opinion above together with our key audit procedures to address those matters and our findings from those procedures in order that 
the Company’s members as a body may better understand the process by which we arrived at our audit opinion. These matters were addressed, and our findings are based on procedures undertaken, in the 
context of, and solely for the purpose of, our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and consequently are incidental to that opinion, and we do not provide a separate 
opinion on these matters. 

The impact of 
uncertainties due 
to the UK exiting 
the European 
Union on our audit

Refer to page 17 
(principal risks).

The risk

Unprecedented levels of uncertainty

All audits assess and challenge the reasonableness of estimates, in particular 
as described in “Recoverability of goodwill” below, and related disclosures and 
the appropriateness of the going concern basis of preparation of the financial 
statements (see below). All of these depend on assessments of the future 
economic environment and the Group’s future prospects and performance.

In addition, we are required to consider the other information presented in 
the Annual Report including the principal risks disclosure and to consider the 
Directors’ statement that the annual report and financial statements taken 
as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information 
necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s position and performance, 
business model and strategy.

Brexit is one of the most significant economic events for the UK and at 
the date of this report its effects are subject to unprecedented levels of 
uncertainty of outcomes, with the full range of possible effects unknown.

Our response 

We developed a standardised firm-wide approach to the consideration of the uncertainties arising from 
Brexit in planning and performing our audits. Our procedures included:

•  Our Brexit knowledge – We considered the Directors’ assessment of Brexit-related sources of 
risk for the Group’s business and financial resources compared with our own understanding of 
the risks. We considered the Directors’ plans to take action to mitigate the risks.

•  Sensitivity analysis – When addressing “Going concern assumption”, we compared the 

Directors’ analysis to our assessment of the reasonably possible scenarios resulting from 
Brexit uncertainty.

•  Assessing transparency – As well as assessing individual disclosures as part of our 

procedures on Going concern assumption we considered all of the Brexit related disclosures 
together, including those in the strategic report, comparing the overall picture against our 
understanding of the risks.

Our findings 

As reported under “Going concern assumption”, we found the resulting estimates and related 
disclosures and disclosures in relation to going concern to be light.

However, no audit should be expected to predict the unknowable factors or all possible future 
implications for a company and this is particularly the case in relation to Brexit.

Going concern  
assumption

The risk

Disclosure quality 

Refer to page 25  
(Audit Committee Report), 
page 31 (Directors’ 
report), Basis of 
preparation page 40. 

The financial statements explain how the Board has formed a judgement that it 
is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of preparation for the Group 
and the parent Company.

That judgement is based on an evaluation of the inherent risks to the Group’s 
and the parent Company’s business model and how those risks might affect 
the Group’s and the parent Company’s financial resources or ability to 
continue operations over a period of at least a year from the date of approval 
of the financial statements. 

Our response

Our procedures included:

Funding assessment:

•  Assessed the terms of the Group financing agreements;

•  Discussed with lender representatives of the facility extension beyond the existing termination date 

in order to ascertain the attitude of the lender to any required refinancing; and

•  Assessed the related covenant requirements and the risk of potential covenant breaches.

Historical comparisons: 

•  Evaluated historical forecasting accuracy of key inputs including financing and operating 

cash forecasts. 

111

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
Continued

The current facilities expire in April 2020 and the Group is in discussions 
with its current lender and other potential lenders to renew or refinance 
their facilities.

The risks most likely to adversely affect the Group’s and the parent 
Company’s available financial resources over this period were:

Key dependency assessment:

As the ability and expectation of extending the finance would be based in part on the expected cash 
flow forecasts we also:

•  Assessed the Group’s cash flow model to identify key inputs for further enquiry. The key 
inputs included: forecast profit before tax, forecast capital expenditure, working capital 
requirements, dividend flows and forecast financing requirements.

•  Ability to improve its cash position and support the pattern of increased 

dividend payments; and

•  Ability to extend or replace debt and loan financing arrangements.

•  Challenged the underlying assumptions with the Directors on the resultant cash flow projection 
as an indication of whether the Group would have sufficient resources to continue to operate 
and repay the required cash amount to settle the financing arrangements.

There are also less predictable but realistic second order impacts, such 
as the impact of Brexit, loss of a key client, and the erosion of customer 
or supplier confidence, which could result in a rapid reduction of available 
financial resources.

The risk for our audit was whether or not those risks were such that they 
amounted to a material uncertainty that may have cast significant doubt 
about the ability to continue as a going concern. Had they been such, then 
that fact would have been required to have been disclosed.

Sensitivity analysis:

•  We considered sensitivities over the level of available financial resources indicated by the 

Group’s financial forecasts taking account of reasonably possible (but not unrealistic) adverse 
effects that could arise from these risks individually and collectively; and

•  Performed the sensitivity analysis of the forecasts to a number of variable factors, including 

PBT growth, to identify whether reasonably plausible adverse scenarios could have an 
impact on liquidity.

Benchmarking assumptions:

•  Compared the Group’s assumptions against externally derived data in relation to key inputs 

such as industry growth expectations and economic forecasts.

Evaluating Directors’ intent:

As the Group’s financial position is reliant on maintaining sufficient liquidity and extending and 
replacing the existing funding arrangements, we have also:

•  Evaluated the achievability of the actions the Directors consider they would take to improve the 

position should the risks materialise; and

•  Evaluated the timeframe of achieving in relation the needs and requirements of the business.

Assessing transparency:

•  Assessed the completeness and accuracy of the matters covered in the going 

concern disclosure.

Our findings 

We found the going concern disclosure without any material uncertainty to be proportionate (2017: 
proportionate) and the disclosures of the management’s actions to manage the funding risk in the 
Group to be light (2017 light). 

Revenue recognition

The risk

The specific nature of the risk of material misstatement in revenue 
recognition varies across the Group’s businesses.

Our response

Our procedures included:

112

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
Continued

(£422.4 million; 2017: 
£251.5 million) 

Refer to page 25  
(Audit Committee Report), 
page 40 (significant 
accounting policies), note 
4 on page 64 (accounting 
policy), note 2 on page 54 
(changes in accounting 
policies and disclosures) 
and note 3 on page 58 
(financial disclosures). 

Data capture and processing

Accounting for Media Income:

Rebates are earned from suppliers based on the level of spend and 
contractual terms with the media owner.

Assessing the timing of recognition and accuracy of rebate income 
earned is an area of complexity and judgement is required in determining 
the value of media rebates recognised. The Group’s processes for 
capturing and processing data to calculate rebate income is reliant upon 
complex spreadsheet models which are potentially prone to processing 
and formula error.

Assessing the accuracy of rebate income is also an area of complexity with 
regards to whether such income earned is required to be shared with the 
customer and on what basis to calculate such passback.

•  Assessment of control environment: we documented the systems and controls in operation. Our 
testing identified weaknesses in the design and operation of controls. As a result we expanded 
the extent of our detailed testing over and above that originally planned.

•  Tests of detail: On a sample basis we assessed the Directors’ interpretation of contractual 

terms with media owners and clients to determine whether the amount of rebate income to be 
recognised during the year was appropriate.

•  For a sample of rebate income recognised during the year we obtained evidence of invoices, 

payments and contracts to determine whether such income was recognised at the appropriate 
time, in line with the contractual terms agreed with the media owner and applicable 
accounting standards.

•  Methodology implementation: assistance of KPMG modelling specialists to assess the integrity 

of the rebates model.

2018 Revenue recognition 

•  We obtained the Directors’ calculation of the year end accrued rebate income balance and 

When assessing revenue recognition for individual projects, judgement is 
required in identifying the performance obligations, identifying whether the 
income should be recognised over time or at a point in time.

Given the complexity in estimation and judgement involved, timing 
of recognition and accuracy of project revenue is considered to be 
a key audit risk.

IFRS 15: Accounting application

The adoption of IFRS 15 has changed how the Group is required to 
recognise revenue which has resulted in new accounting policies for 
the Group and new judgements and estimates which are required to be 
made by the Directors which could lead to a material misstatement in the 
financial statements. During the year, revenue is recognised monthly based 
on the underlying systems and processes in each business unit however 
given the many different contractual arrangements, a full analysis of the 
judgements in respect of agency vs principal relationships, identification of 
performance obligations and in which period revenue should be recognised 
was not performed until after the year end. By only performing this analysis 
once a year rather than embedding the analysis within their underlying 
processes, this increases the risk of error in the application of IFRS 15.

The effect of these matters is that, as part of our risk assessment, we 
determined that revenue recognition has a high degree of estimation 
uncertainty, with a potential range of reasonable outcomes greater than 
our materiality for the financial statements as a whole, and possibly many 
times that amount. 

recalculated the year-end balance.

•  We also performed substantive sampling of the year end accrued rebate income balance, 
agreeing accrued balances to supplier confirmations received post year end. Where such 
confirmations were not received by the client, we checked the calculation of the accrued 
balance by agreeing supplier expenditure to purchase invoices and checking the contractual 
terms to underlying contracts.

Project revenue:

•  Assessment of control environment: we documented the systems and controls in operation in 

the year. Our testing identified weaknesses and as a result we significantly expanded the extent 
of our detailed testing over and above that originally planned for entities in the group which 
were a first time adopter of IFRS 15.

•  Accounting analysis: We evaluated the revenue recognition policy of the Group and on a sample 
basis we assessed whether the related revenue had been recognised in conformity with Group’s 
policy and applicable accounting standards.

•  Tests of detail: For a sample of revenue recognised near the year end, which included 
both revenue and amounts accrued or deferred at period end, we assessed whether 
the transactions were recognised in the appropriate accounting period by checking the 
transactions to supporting documentation such as: underlying contracts or customer purchase 
orders or agreed project estimates and, in certain instances, corroborating amounts 
recognised with project managers.

IFRS 15:

•  Accounting analysis: We evaluated the appropriateness of the accounting policies based on the 

requirements of the new standard, our business understanding and industry practice. 

•  Testing application: We have obtained the Group’s analysis of the full year impact of IFRS 15 and 
assessed the judgements made regarding agency vs principal relationships, the identification of

113

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
Continued

performance obligations to identify in which period the revenue should be recognised and also 
whether revenue should be recognised at a point in time or over time. For a sample of revenue 
contracts on which this analysis was performed, we obtained the contract and determined whether 
the Group had appropriately recognised revenue in accordance with the Group accounting 
policies and IFRS 15.

•  Assessing transparency: We assessed the completeness, accuracy and relevance of the 

transition disclosures.

Our findings

We found that the Group’s judgement in respect of and application of IFRS 15 to be slightly 
optimistic and significant errors which were corrected. We also found that the Group’s estimate 
of the Project and Media income revenue amount in the financial year to be optimistic (2017: 
proportionate) and significant errors which were corrected and also significant uncorrected errors 
approaching materiality, for which we have reported an audit difference (2017: corrected and 
uncorrected errors).

Recoverability  
of goodwill.

(£43.0 million; 
2017: £40.8 million)

Refer to page 26 (Audit 
Committee Report), page 
42 (accounting policy) and 
note 16 on pages 80-82 
(financial disclosures).

The risk

Forecast based valuation

Our response 

Our procedures included:

Market conditions remain challenging and performance has varied 
compared to the Directors’ expectation, particularly in the MCD business 
in the US, Creative Spark in South Africa, Lida and M&C Saatchi Export 
businesses in the UK.

•  Assessing forecasts: Challenged the assumptions included the value in use models used for 
goodwill, impairment testing including operating cash flow projections and long term growth 
rates. We assessed the historical accuracy of Directors’ forecasts by comparing past forecasts 
to actual results achieved.

Determining whether the carrying value of goodwill is recoverable requires 
the Directors to make significant estimates concerning the future cash 
flows, which are inherently uncertain due to the lack of contractually 
committed revenues, associated discount rates and growth rates based 
on their view of future business prospects. Given the relative sensitivity to 
certain inputs to the impairment models, the calculation of the recoverable 
amount of goodwill is considered a key audit risk.

•  Our sector experience: Assessed the methodology used in preparing the impairment testing 
models including checking the mathematical accuracy of the impairment model and, with 
the assistance of our valuation specialists, we formed an independent assessment of the 
discount rates used.

•  Sensitivity analysis: Performed sensitivity analysis over changes in the key assumptions.

•  Assessing transparency: Considered the adequacy of the Group’s disclosures in respect of its 

goodwill impairment testing and whether disclosures about the sensitivity of the outcome of the 
impairment assessment to reasonably possible changes in key assumptions appropriately reflect 
the risks inherent in such assumption.

Our results

We found that the Group’s estimate of the recoverable amount of Goodwill to be mildly optimistic 
(2017: mildly optimistic).

Employee 
incentive schemes

Share based 
payment charge: 

The risk

The Group has entered into 19 new share award schemes with minority 
shareholders, of which some include a financing element. The total number 
of schemes in place is 58 (2017: 42). This has increased the complexity and 
the risk of error. 

Our response 

Our procedures included:

•  Assessment of control environment. Our testing identified weaknesses in design and 

implementation of controls and as a result we have expanded the extent of our detailed testing 
over and above that originally planned.

114

Minority shareholder put 
option liabilities:

(£18.4m; 2017: £25.1m)

Refer to page 25  
(Audit Committee Report), 
pages 42-43 (accounting 
policy) and note 24 on page 
89 and note 26 on page 92 
(financial disclosures).

Recoverability of 
parent Company’s 
investment in 
subsidiaries and
intercompany 
receivables

(£187.0 million; 
2017: £173.3m)

Refer to page 106 
(accounting policy) 
and note 36 on page 106 
and note 38 on page 107 
(financial disclosures).

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
Continued

(£6.1million; 2017: £13.5m) 

Fair value loss (2017: gain) 
on minority shareholder 
put option liabilities 
(£0.9m; 2017: £3.0m)

The accounting for share-based payments is complex and the preparation 
of the estimate of the share-based payment expense and the related 
disclosures involve subjective judgements or uncertainties, which requires 
special audit consideration because of the likelihood and potential 
magnitude of misstatements of the share-based payment expense and 
related disclosures.

The effect of these matters is that, as part of our risk assessment, we 
determined that the fair value of both new and existing incentive schemes 
has a high degree of estimation uncertainty, with a potential range of 
reasonable outcomes greater than our materiality for the financial 
statements as a whole. The financial statements (note 26) disclose the 
sensitivity estimated by the Group.

• 

Inspection of supporting documentation to understand the key terms of share awards, including 
the related loan and option features.

•  Challenge of the key assumptions underpinning the fair value calculations, including performance 

forecasts, by comparing to our own expectations based on our knowledge of the entity and 
entity’s historical performance.

•  Agreeing the terms and conditions of new awards to supporting documentation.

•  Re-performance of the calculation of the fair value of the employee incentive schemes. 

•  Our sector experience: With the assistance of our valuation specialists we formed an 

independent assessment of the methodology used in preparing the valuation of schemes using 
Monte Carlo valuation model.

•  Assessing transparency: evaluating the Group’s disclosures about the sensitivity of the 

outcome to the changes in key assumptions.

Our findings

We found significant errors, which were corrected in the Group’s estimate of the fair value estimate 
of the awards value (2017: some errors which were corrected) and the disclosures relating to share 
awards to be proportionate (2017: proportionate). 

The risk

Low risk, high value

Our response

Our procedures included:

The parent Company has a significant investment in subsidiary companies 
in the Group. In addition the parent company has significant intercompany 
receivables due from these subsidiaries.

The carrying amount of the parent Company’s investments in subsidiaries 
and intercompany receivables represent 96% (2017: 96%) of the parent 
Company’s total assets. Their recoverability is not at a high risk of 
significant misstatement or subject to significant judgement. However, 
due to their materiality in the context of the parent Company financial 
statements, this is considered to be the area that had the greatest effect on 
our overall parent Company audit.

•  Test of detail: We compared the carrying amount of a sample of the highest value investments 
and intercompany receivables, with the relevant subsidiaries’ draft balance sheets to identify 
whether their net assets, being an approximation of their minimum recoverable amount, were 
in excess of their carrying amount and assessing whether those subsidiaries have historically 
been profit-making.

•  Assessing subsidiary audits: Assessed the work performed by the subsidiary audit team on that 
sample of those subsidiaries and considering the results of that work, on those subsidiaries’ 
profits and net assets.

Our findings

We found some errors in the Group’s estimate of the recoverable amount of shares in subsidiary 
companies and intercompany receivables (2017: no errors) and the disclosures related to be 
proportionate (2017: proportionate).

115

 
Independent auditor’s report
Continued

In reaching our audit opinion on the financial statements we took into account the findings that we describe above and those for other, lower risk areas. Overall the findings from across the whole audit are that 
the financial statements use some mildly optimistic estimates, slightly favour current year revenue recognition and are light on disclosure. However, compared with materiality and considering the qualitative 
aspects of the financial statements as a whole we have not modified our opinion on the financial statements.

3) Our application of materiality and an overview of the scope of our audit

Materiality for the Group financial statements as a whole was set at £0.9m, determined with reference to a benchmark of normalised profit before tax from continuing operations of £20.5 million (of which it 
represents 4.4%), normalised to exclude this year’s impairment of goodwill and associates. The materiality for 2017 of £0.9m was determined with reference to a benchmark of profit before tax normalised 
to exclude that year’s impairment of goodwill, fair value movements on put option liabilities and specific share based payment charges of £21.6m (of which it represented 4.2%).

Materiality for the parent Company financial statements as a whole was set at £0.85m (2017: £0.9m), determined with reference to a benchmark of parent Company total assets of £195.1m (2017: £179.7m), 
(of which it represents 0.4% (2017: 0.5%)).

We agreed to report to the Audit Committee any corrected or uncorrected identified misstatements exceeding £45,000 (2017: £45,000), in addition to other identified misstatements that warranted reporting 
on qualitative grounds.

Of the Group’s 66 (2017: 77) reporting components, we subjected 17 (2017: 15) to full scope audits for group purposes and 2 (2017: 2) to audits of account balances and specified risk-focused audit procedures 
over Revenue and related accounts. The latter were not individually financially significant enough to require a full scope audit for group purposes, but did present specific individual risks that needed 
to be addressed.

The components within the scope of our work accounted for the following percentages of the Group’s results:

Number of  
components 

Group  
revenue 

Group profits  
and losses  
before tax 

Group  
total assets 

Audits for group reporting purposes 

Audits and Specified risk-focused audit procedures over Revenue and related accounts 

Total (2018) 

Audits for group reporting purposes 

Audits and Specified risk-focused audit procedures over Revenue and related accounts 

Total (2017) 

17

2 

19 

15 

2 

17 

75% 

5% 

80% 

78% 

6% 

84% 

75%

5% 

80% 

65% 

8% 

73% 

79%

3%

83% 

78% 

4% 

82% 

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Continued

The remaining 20% (2017: 16%) of total group revenue, 20% (2017: 27%) of Group profits and losses that made up Group profit before tax and 17% (2017: 18%) of total Group assets is represented by 49 
(2017: 60) of reporting components, none of which individually represented more than 3% (2017: 4%) of any of total Group revenue, Group profits and losses before tax or total Group assets. For these residual 
components, we performed analysis at an aggregated group level to re-examine our assessment that there were no significant risks of material misstatement within these. 

The Group team instructed component auditors as to the significant areas to be covered, including the relevant risks detailed above and the information to be reported back. The Group team approved the 
component materialities, which ranged from £0.1m to £0.85m (2017: £0.1m to £0.9m), having regard to the mix of size and risk profile of the Group across the components. 

The Group team visited 3 (2017: 2) component locations in US, Australia and South Africa (2017: US, Australia), to assess the audit risk and strategy. Telephone conference meetings were also held with these 
component auditors and the others that were not physically visited. At these visits and meetings, the findings reported to the Group team were discussed in more detail, and any further work required by the 
Group team was then performed by the component auditor. 

The work on 8 of the 19 components (2017: 7 of the 17 components) was performed by component auditors and the rest, including the audit of the parent Company, was performed by the Group team. Our 
audit of the parent Company was undertaken to the materiality level specified above and was all performed at the parent Company’s head office in the UK. The Group team performed procedures on the items 
excluded from normalised Group profit before tax in both 2018 and 2017. 

4) We have nothing to report on going concern 

The Directors have prepared the financial statements on the going concern basis as they do not intend to liquidate the parent Company or the Group or to cease their operations, and as they have concluded that 
the parent Company’s and the Group’s financial position means that this is realistic. They have also concluded that there are no material uncertainties that could have cast significant doubt over their ability to 
continue as a going concern for at least a year from the date of approval of the financial statements (“the going concern period”). 

Our responsibility is to conclude on the appropriateness of the Directors’ conclusions and, had there been a material uncertainty related to going concern, to make reference to that in this audit report. However, 
as we cannot predict all future events or conditions and as subsequent events may result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgements that were reasonable at the time they were made, the absence of 
reference to a material uncertainty in this auditor’s report is not a guarantee that the Group and the parent Company will continue in operation. 

We identified going concern as a key audit matter (see section 2 of this report). Based on the work described in our response to that key audit matter, we are required to report to you if we have anything 
material to add or draw attention to in relation to the Directors’ statement in Preparation to the financial statements on page 40 on the use of the going concern basis of accounting with no material uncertainties 
that may cast significant doubt over the Group and the parent Company’s use of that basis for a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of the financial statements. 

We have nothing to report in these respects. 

5) We have nothing to report on the other information in the Annual Report 

The Directors are responsible for the other information presented in the Annual Report together with the financial statements. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, 
accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion or, except as explicitly stated below, any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether, based on our financial statements audit work, the information therein is materially misstated or inconsistent with the 
financial statements or our audit knowledge. Based solely on that work we have not identified material misstatements in the other information. 

Strategic report and Directors’ report 

Based solely on our work on the other information: 

•  we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report and the Directors’ report; 

• 

• 

in our opinion the information given in those reports for the financial year is consistent with the financial statements; and 

in our opinion those reports have been prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. 

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Independent auditor’s report
Continued

Disclosures of principal risks and longer-term viability 

Based on the knowledge we acquired during our financial statements audit, we have nothing material to add or draw attention to in relation to: 

• 

• 

• 

the Directors’ confirmation within the Strategic report that they have carried out a robust assessment of the principal risks facing the Group, including those that would threaten its business model, future 
performance, solvency and liquidity; 

the Principal Risks disclosures describing these risks and explaining how they are being managed and mitigated; and 

the Directors’ explanation in the Risks and uncertainties section of the Strategic report on pages 16 and 17 of how they have assessed the prospects of the Group, over what period they have done so and 
why they considered that period to be appropriate, and their statement as to whether they have a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they 
fall due over the period of their assessment, including any related disclosures drawing attention to any necessary qualifications or assumptions. 

Our work is limited to assessing these matters in the context of only the knowledge acquired during our financial statements audit. As we cannot predict all future events or conditions and as subsequent 
events may result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgements that were reasonable at the time they were made, the absence of anything to report on these statements is not a guarantee as to the 
Group’s and the parent Company’s longer-term viability. 

Corporate governance disclosures 

We are required to report to you if: 

•  we have identified material inconsistencies between the knowledge we acquired during our financial statements audit and the Directors’ statement that they consider that the annual report and 

financial statements taken as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s position and performance, business model 
and strategy; or 

• 

the section of the annual report describing the work of the Audit Committee does not appropriately address matters communicated by us to the Audit Committee. 

We have nothing to report in these respects. 

6) We have nothing to report on the other matters on which we are required to report by exception 

Under the Companies Act 2006, we are required to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

• 

the parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

•  certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

We have nothing to report in these respects. 

7) Respective responsibilities 

Directors’ responsibilities 

As explained more fully in their statement set out on pages 36 and 37, the Directors are responsible for: the preparation of the financial statements including being satisfied that they give a true and fair view; 
such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; assessing the Group and parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern; and using the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the Group or 
the parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

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Independent auditor’s report
Continued

Auditor’s responsibilities 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue our opinion in an 
auditor’s report. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but does not guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis 
of the financial statements. 

A fuller description of our responsibilities is provided on the FRC’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 

8) The purpose of our audit work and to whom we owe our responsibilities 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and the terms of our engagement by the Company. Our audit work has been 
undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report, and the further matters we are required to state to them in accordance 
with the terms agreed with the Company, and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s 
members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Adrian Wilcox (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of KPMG LLP, Statutory Auditor 

Chartered Accountants  
15 Canada Square  
London E14 5GL  
United Kingdom  
28 May 2019 

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Additional information

Advisors

Nominated advisor and broker

Numis Securities Ltd 
The London Stock Exchange Building 
10 Paternoster Square 
London EC4M 7LT 
www.numiscorp.com

Solicitors

CMS Cameron McKenna Nabarro Olswang LLP 
Cannon Place  
78 Cannon Street 
London EC4N 6AF 
www.cms.law

Auditor

KPMG LLP 
15 Canada Square 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 5GL 
www.kpmg.co.uk

Bankers

National Westminster Bank Plc 
1 Princes Street 
London EC2R 8BP 
www.natwest.com

Registrars

Computershare Investor Services Plc 
The Pavilions 
Bridgwater Road 
Bristol BS13 8AE 
www.computershare.com

Secretary and registered office

Andy Blackstone 
M&C Saatchi plc 
36 Golden Square 
London W1F 9EE 
www.mcsaatchiplc.com

Country of registration

England and Wales 
Company number 
05114893 
Investor relations website 
www.mcsaatchiplc.com

Corporate events

AGM

27 June 2019

Final 2018 dividend paid

5 July 2019

To those on the register on

7 June 2019

Interim 2019 statement

24 September 2019

Interim 2019 dividend paid

8 November 2019

To those on the register on

25 October 2019

Preliminary announcement of 2019 result

Late March 2020

120