Mallinckrodt
Annual Report 2015

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549 _________________________________FORM 10-K _______________________________xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015oroTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from _____ to _____Commission File Number : 001-35803 _________________________________Mallinckrodt public limited company(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) _________________________________Ireland 98-1088325(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)Perth House, Millennium Way,Chesterfield, Derbyshire, United Kingdom, S41 8ND (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Telephone: +44 424 626 3051 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registeredOrdinary shares, par value $0.20 per share New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: NoneIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No oIndicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No xIndicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No oIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and postedpursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and postsuch files). Yes x No oIndicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to thebest of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. xIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "largeaccelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:Large accelerated filer xx Accelerated filer oo Non-accelerated filer oo(Do not check if smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ooIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No xThe aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming solely for the purposes of this calculation that alldirectors and executive officers of the Registrant are "affiliates") as of March 27, 2015, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, wasapproximately $15,146.4 million (based upon the closing price of $129.61 per share as reported by the New York Stock Exchange on that date).The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of November 16, 2015 was 115,947,044.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCECertain portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days afterSeptember 25, 2015, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.MALLINCKRODT PLCINDEX TO FORM 10-K PART I Item 1.Business.4Item 1A.Risk Factors.23Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments.42Item 2.Properties.42Item 3.Legal Proceedings.42Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.42 PART II Item 5.Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.43Item 6.Selected Financial Data.45Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.46Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.67Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.69Item 9.Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.143Item 9A.Controls and Procedures.143Item 9B.Other Information.145 PART III Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.148Item 11.Executive Compensation.148Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.148Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.148Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services.148 PART IV Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.149 Signatures150Exhibit Index151Presentation of InformationUnless the context requires otherwise, references to "Mallinckrodt plc," "Mallinckrodt," "we," "us," "our" and "the Company" refer to Mallinckrodt plc,an Irish public limited company, and its consolidated subsidiaries for periods subsequent to its separation from Covidien plc on June 28, 2013. For periodsprior to June 28, 2013, these terms refer to the combined historical business and operations of Covidien plc's Pharmaceuticals business as it washistorically managed as part of Covidien plc. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to "Covidien" refer to Mallinckrodt's former parentcompany, Covidien plc, an Irish public limited company, and its consolidated subsidiaries (which was subsequently acquired by Medtronic plc). Referencesin this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the "Separation" refer to the legal separation and transfer of Covidien's Pharmaceuticals business to Mallinckrodtplc through a dividend distribution to Covidien shareholders on June 28, 2013. References to "dollars" or "$" refer to United States dollars.Trademarks and Trade NamesMallinckrodt owns or has rights to use trademarks and trade names that it uses in conjunction with the operation of its business. One of the moreimportant trademarks that it owns or has rights to use that appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is "Mallinckrodt," which is a registered trademarkor the subject of pending trademark applications in the United States and other jurisdictions. Solely for convenience, the Company only uses the ™ or ®symbols the first time any trademark or trade name is mentioned. Such references are not intended to indicate in any way that the Company will not assert,to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, its rights to its trademarks and trade names. Each trademark or trade name of any other companyappearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is, to the Company's knowledge, owned by such other company.Forward-Looking StatementsThe Company has made forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are based on management's beliefs and assumptions andon information currently available to management. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, information concerning the Company'spossible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, financing plans, competitive position, potential growth opportunities, potentialoperating performance improvements, the effects of competition and the effects of future legislation or regulations. Forward-looking statements include allstatements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words "believe," "expect," "plan,""intend," "project," "anticipate," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "continue," "may," "should" or the negative of these terms or similar expressions.Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.The risk factors included in Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K could cause the Company's results to differ materially from those expressed inforward-looking statements. There may be other risks and uncertainties that the Company is unable to predict at this time or that the Company currentlydoes not expect to have a material adverse effect on its business.These forward-looking statements are made as of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company expressly disclaims any obligationto update these forward-looking statements other than as required by law.3PART IItem 1.Business.OverviewMallinckrodt plc and its subsidiaries (collectively, "Mallinckrodt" or "the Company"), is a global specialty biopharmaceutical and nuclear imagingbusiness that develops, manufactures, markets and distributes specialty pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products and nuclear imaging agents.Therapeutic areas of focus include autoimmune and rare disease specialty areas (including neurology, rheumatology, nephrology and pulmonology);immunotherapy and neonatal respiratory critical care therapies; pain management; and central nervous system drugs. The Company also supports thediagnosis of disease with nuclear medicine imaging agents. The Company believes its experience in the acquisition and management of highly regulated rawmaterials; deep regulatory expertise; and specialized chemistry, formulation and manufacturing capabilities have created compelling competitive advantagesthat it anticipates will sustain future revenue growth.During the first quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company changed its reportable segments to present the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businessesas reportable segments. The Company historically presented the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businesses within the Specialty Pharmaceuticalssegment.During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its global contrast media anddelivery systems ("CMDS") business to Guerbet S.A. ("Guerbet"), which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. The CMDSbusiness is deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of this business are presented as a discontinued operation. The CMDS business has beeneliminated from the Global Medical Imaging segment, which was renamed Nuclear Imaging.Prior year amounts have been recast to conform to current presentation.The three reportable segments are further described below:•Specialty Brands produces and markets branded pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals;•Specialty Generics produces specialty generic pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients ("API") consisting of biologics, medicinalopioids, synthetic controlled substances, acetaminophen and other active ingredients; and•Nuclear Imaging manufactures and markets radiopharmaceuticals (nuclear medicine).For further information on our products and segments, refer to "Our Businesses and Product Strategies" within this Item 1. Business.History and DevelopmentThe Company's Specialty Generics segment can trace its development from the founding of G. Mallinckrodt & Co. in 1867 (predecessor of today's APIbusiness). We expanded from the controlled substance API business into controlled substance generics and branded specialty pharmaceuticals. Our NuclearImaging segment traces its origins to 1966 with technetium generators, and has subsequently expanded into "cold" kits and other radioisotopes.Mallinckrodt plc was incorporated in Ireland on January 9, 2013 for the purpose of holding the Pharmaceuticals business of Covidien plc ("Covidien").On June 28, 2013, Covidien shareholders of record received one ordinary share of Mallinckrodt for every eight ordinary shares of Covidien held as of therecord date, June 19, 2013, and the Pharmaceuticals business of Covidien was transferred to Mallinckrodt plc, thereby completing our legal separation fromCovidien ("the Separation").Subsequent to the Separation, Mallinckrodt completed multiple acquisitions of specialty pharmaceuticals and specialty biopharmaceuticals businesseswithin our Specialty Brands segment. The Company believes these acquisitions have created a foundation and framework for future growth. In addition tothese acquisitions, we also implemented significant actions under our 2013 restructuring program intended to improve our long-term profit margins and yieldefficiencies from our spending on selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A"). In July 2015, Mallinckrodt announced that it had entered into adefinitive agreement to sell its CMDS business in order to further increase the Company's focus on specialty pharmaceuticals.In May 2015, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the migration of our principal executive offices to Perth House, Millennium Way,Chesterfield, Derbyshire, United Kingdom, where they are currently located. Our telephone number at this location is +44 424 626 3051. Our U.S.headquarters is located at 675 James S. McDonnell Boulevard, Hazelwood, Missouri 63042. Our telephone number at this location is (314) 654-2000.4Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe we have the following strengths:•Ability to successfully execute strategies to drive growth. We completed multiple acquisitions throughout fiscal 2015 and 2014 that created aframework for future organic volume growth and business development. We successfully completed the integration of our acquisitions, exceptfor our acquisition of Therakos, Inc. ("Therakos") which was acquired on September 25, 2015, and generated synergies from these transactions,primarily associated with SG&A. We expect to realize further synergies in SG&A expenses during fiscal 2016. We continue to realign our coststructure due to the changing nature of our business and look for opportunities to achieve operating efficiencies. We have taken restructuringactions that have generated further savings, substantially within our SG&A expenses. These acquisitions and restructuring actions furtherdiversified Mallinckrodt, significantly increasing our scale, net sales, profitability and cash flow.•Expertise in highly regulated raw materials and strong regulatory relationships. We have expertise in the acquisition and importation ofhighly regulated raw materials, such as opioids, other controlled substances and radioisotopes. For example, in calendar 2014, we estimated thatwe received approximately 27% of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's ("DEA") total annual quota for controlled substances that wemanufacture. Based on IMS Health data for the same period, our Specialty Generics business had an approximately 21% market share of DEASchedules II and III opioid and oral solid dose medications. The acquisition of certain raw materials and the processing of them into finishedproducts requires a close collaboration with a wide variety of regulatory authorities including the DEA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration("FDA"), U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA"), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC"), European Medicines Agency and IrishMedicines Board, among many others. We have a long history of working closely with regulatory agencies to ensure ongoing, reliable access tothese highly regulated materials.•Specialized chemistry, development and formulation expertise which supports our operations. We have specialized chemistry expertise in theformulation of new drug combinations, reformulation of existing drugs, and manufacture of controlled substances into a wide range of products,such as tablets, capsules, oral liquids, injectable and intrathecal products.•Distinctive high-quality manufacturing and distribution skills with vertical integration where there are competitive advantages. We haveexpertise in the manufacturing of complex substances including those that come from naturally derived sources. Our manufacturing and supplychain capabilities enable highly efficient controlled substance tableting, packaging and distribution. We own one of the world's largest DEASchedule C-II vault storage capacities for raw materials, intermediates and finished dosages. In our Nuclear Imaging segment, we have thecapability to process Mo-99 for use in our Ultra-Technekow DTE generators and to manufacture cyclotron-derived isotopes such as thallium-201, indium-111, gallium-67, germanium-68 and iodine-123. Where appropriate, we have also pursued selective vertical integration initiativesto ensure our manufacturing and supply chain benefit from cost and productivity efficiencies, such as using several of our API products toprovide the raw materials for some of our generic products.•Diversified business model with increasing shift towards high-margin Specialty Brands business with high cash flow conversion. We have adiverse portfolio across our three different reportable segments, Specialty Generics, Nuclear Imaging and the increasingly significant SpecialtyBrands. In July 2015, we further progressed our shift toward high-margin pharmaceuticals with the announcement that we entered into adefinitive agreement to sell our CMDS business. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, net sales from our Specialty Brands segment represented53.9% of net sales from our reportable segments compared with 31.9% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014. We expect the Specialty Brandspercentage to increase in fiscal 2016 due to the inclusion of full year results from our fiscal 2015 acquisitions, organic volume growth inSpecialty Brands and increased competition in Specialty Generics. Specialty Brands segment operating income increased from 16.4% in thefourth quarter of fiscal 2014 to 46.2% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015. The increased revenues and segment operating income positions us forstrong cash flow generation, enabling us to potentially decrease debt leverage over time.•An extensive portfolio of specialty generic products and controlled substance API for pain. Our Specialty Generics products are focused onpain and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ("ADHD") while our APIs are for a broad range of products. We believe this business offers thebroadest product line of opioid and other controlled substances available (primarily DEA Schedules II and III), and we focus in a number oftherapeutic areas with high technical barriers and long product life-cycles.While we have set forth our competitive strengths above, our business involves numerous risks and uncertainties which may prevent us from executingour strategies. These risks include, among others, risks relating to: DEA regulation of the availability of API controlled substances; drug products underdevelopment and marketed drug products; the highly exacting and complex nature of our manufacturing processes; the limited global supply of fission-produced Mo-99 for use in our Ultra-Technekow DTE generators and the aging global infrastructure of nuclear reactors; our customer concentration; cost-containment efforts of our customers, purchasing groups, third-party payers and governmental organizations; developing or commercializing new products;expanding commercial5opportunities for existing products; adapting to a changing technology and diagnostic treatment landscape; protecting our intellectual property rights orbeing subject to claims that we infringe on the intellectual property rights of others; the successful integration of acquisitions; the ability to grow net salesfrom existing and acquired products; and significant competition. For a more complete description of the risks associated with our business, see Item 1A. RiskFactors included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Our Businesses and Product StrategiesWe manage our business in three reportable segments: Specialty Brands, Specialty Generics and Nuclear Imaging. Management measures and evaluates ouroperating segments based on segment net sales and operating income. Information regarding the product portfolios and business strategies of these segmentsis included in the following discussion. Financial information regarding each of our reportable segments, as well as other geographical information, isincluded in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 21 of Notes to Consolidated andCombined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Specialty BrandsOur Specialty Brands segment markets branded pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products for autoimmune and rare diseases (including in the specialtyareas of neurology, rheumatology, nephrology and pulmonology); immunotherapy and neonatal respiratory critical care therapies; and central nervoussystem drugs. In fiscal 2015, our Specialty Brands segment accounted for 49.2% of net sales from our operating segments.We started our Specialty Brands product portfolio in 2001 and shifted our focus to pain management with the 2010 launch of EXALGO®(hydromorphone HCl) extended-release tablets (CII) ("Exalgo"). Our exclusivity period for Exalgo expired and generic competition entered the marketbeginning in May 2014. In fiscal 2014, we significantly expanded our Specialty Brands product portfolio, with the March 2014 acquisition of OFIRMEV®(acetaminophen) injection ("Ofirmev") and the August 2014 acquisition of H.P. Acthar® Gel ("Acthar"). In fiscal 2015, we continued to diversify ourSpecialty Brands product portfolio with the April 2015 acquisition of INOMAX® (nitric oxide) for inhalation ("Inomax") and immunotherapy treatment withthe September 2015 acquisition of Therakos, Inc. ("Therakos"). Our long-term strategy is to increase patient access and appropriate utilization of our existingproducts, develop new and follow-on formulations for recently acquired products, advance pipeline products and bring them to market and selectivelyacquire or license products that are strategically aligned with our product portfolio to expand the size and profitability of our Specialty Brands segment.We promote our branded products directly to physicians in their offices, hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers (including rheumatologists,neurologists, nephrologists, pulmonoligists, neonatologists, surgeons, and pharmacy directors) with our own direct sales force of over 550 salesrepresentatives as of September 25, 2015. Our products are purchased by independent wholesale drug distributors, specialty pharmaceutical distributors,retail pharmacy chains and hospital procurement departments, among others, and are eventually dispensed by prescription to patients. We also contractdirectly with payer organizations to gain access to drug formularies and allow patients access to these medications.The following is a description of select products in our Specialty Brands product portfolio:•Acthar is an injectable biopharmaceutical drug approved by the FDA for use in 19 indications. The product currently generates substantially allof its net sales from nine of the on-label indications including the treatment of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome of the idiopathic type ("NS");the treatment of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis ("MS") in adults; the treatment of infantile spasms ("IS") in infants and children undertwo years of age; the treatment of the pulmonology indication of sarcoidosis; and the treatment of certain rheumatology related conditions,including the treatment of the rare and closely related neuromuscular disorders, dermatomyositis and polymyositis. We may initiate commercialefforts for other approved indications where there is high unmet medical need. The currently approved indications of Acthar are not subject topatent or other exclusivity, with the exception of IS which was granted orphan drug status from the FDA upon its approval in October 2010.•Ofirmev is a proprietary intravenous formulation of acetaminophen indicated for the management of mild to moderate pain, the management ofmoderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics and the reduction of fever. This product is marketed to hospitals and ambulatorysurgical centers and provides us with an expanded presence in these channels. Ofirmev is protected by two patents listed in the Orange Book:Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence ("the Orange Book") that expire in August 2017 and June 2021 and we have thepotential to obtain an additional six months of exclusivity for each patent if the FDA grants pediatric exclusivity. Settlement agreements havebeen reached in association with certain challenges to these patents, which allow for generic competition to Ofirmev in December 2020, orearlier under certain circumstances.6•Inomax is a vasodilator that, in conjunction with ventilatory support and other appropriate agents, is indicated to improve oxygenation andreduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in term and near-term (>34 weeks) neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure ("HRF")associated with clinical or echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Inomax is marketed as part of the Inomax Total CarePackage, which includes the drug product, proprietary drug-delivery systems, technical and clinical assistance, 24/7/365 customer service,emergency supply and delivery and on-site training. The Inomax Total Care Package maintains a number of patents, the latest of which expirein 2031, that contain claims to nitric oxide delivery systems expressly required by the drug labeling for administration of Inomax, covering anumber of important functions, including patient safety and product performance features.•Therakos immunotherapy is focused on providing innovative immunotherapy treatment platforms that enhance the ability of a patient's immunesystem to fight disease. Therakos is the global leader in autologous immunotherapy delivered through extracorporeal photopheresis ("ECP").Therakos provides the only integrated ECP system in the world. ECP involves drawing a portion of blood from the patient, separating whiteblood cells from plasma and red blood cells, which are returned to the patient, and treating the white blood cells with a Ultraviolet-A ("UVA")light activated drug. The treated white blood cells are immediately re-administered back into the patient. ECP is approved by the FDA for use inthe palliative treatment of the skin manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (“CTCL”) that is unresponsive to other forms of treatment.Outside the United States, ECP is approved to treat several other serious diseases that arise from immune system imbalances. Therakos’ productsuite, which is sold to hospitals, clinics, academic centers and blood banks, includes an installed system, a disposable procedural kit used foreach treatment and a drug, UVADEX ® (methoxsalen) Sterile Solution (“UVADEX”), as well as instrument accessories and instrumentmaintenance and repair services.•Exalgo is a long-acting, once-daily form of hydromorphone. Our exclusivity period for branded Exalgo expired and generic competitionentered the market whereupon we launched our own generic form of Exalgo in May 2014.Specialty GenericsOur Specialty Generics segment markets drugs that include a variety of product formulations containing hydrocodone, oxycodone and several othercontrolled substances. While our pipeline is limited, we do have products in development that are primarily focused on controlled substances. Our APIbusiness, which is included in the Specialty Generics segment, provides bulk API products, including opioids and acetaminophen, to a wide variety ofpharmaceutical companies, many of which are direct competitors of our Specialty Generics finished dosage business. In addition, we use our API for internalmanufacturing of our finished dosage products. In fiscal 2015, our Specialty Generics segment accounted for 37.9% of net sales from our operating segments.We are among the world's largest manufacturers of bulk acetaminophen and the only producer of acetaminophen outside of Asia. We manufacture controlledsubstances under DEA quota restrictions and in calendar 2014 we estimated that we received approximately 27% of the total DEA quota provided to the U.S.market for the controlled substances we manufacture. We believe that our market position in the API business and allocation of opioid raw materials from theDEA is a competitive advantage for our API business and, in turn, for our Specialty Generics business. The strategy for our API business is based onmanufacturing large volumes of high-quality product and customized product offerings, responsive technical services and timely delivery to our customers.We believe our Specialty Generics segment represents the broadest product line of opioid and other controlled substances (primarily DEA Schedules IIand III) currently available from a single manufacturer. Historically, our primary competition has been other U.S. participants due to importation restrictionson controlled substance API and finished products.We market our products principally through independent channels, including drug distributors, specialty pharmaceutical distributors, retail pharmacychains, food store chains with pharmacies, pharmaceutical benefit managers that have mail order pharmacies and hospital buying groups.The following is a list of significant products and product families in our Specialty Generics product portfolio:•hydrocodone (API) and hydrocodone-containing tablets;•oxycodone (API) and oxycodone-containing tablets;•methylphenidate HCl extended-release tablets USP (CII) ("Methylphenidate ER") under a class BX-rating issued by the FDA in November 2014and;•other controlled substances, including acetaminophen (API) products.Nuclear Imaging7During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company announced that it entered into a definitive agreement to sell its CMDS business to Guerbet, whichis expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. The CMDS business is deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of this businessare presented as a discontinued operation. The CMDS business has been eliminated from the Global Medical Imaging segment, which has been renamedNuclear Imaging.Our Nuclear Imaging segment develops, manufactures and markets products which provide radiopharmaceuticals used in single photon emissioncomputed tomography ("SPECT") imaging for myocardial perfusion, cardiac imaging and bone scans. In fiscal 2015, our Nuclear Imaging segment accountedfor 12.8% of net sales from our operating segments. We are focused on driving operating efficiencies in the Nuclear Imaging segment to maximize operatingmargins and cash flow.Our Nuclear Imaging business manufactures radioactive isotopes for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Our nuclear radiopharmaceutical productoffering includes both "hot" radioisotopes and "cold" kits (tagging agents that are paired with "hot" radioisotopes for diagnostic procedures). We havesignificant expertise in managing the highly regulated radioactive materials used to manufacture the isotope generators and in dealing with products(isotopes) with an extremely short half-life, which precludes stockpiling and requires exacting execution along all aspects of the supply chain. We believethat our investment in Tc-99m generators in North America and Europe, our own Mo-99 processing facility in the Netherlands and a very well-coordinatedlogistics network provides us with a competitive advantage. Our strategy for our Nuclear Imaging business is focused on bolstering the Tc-99m/Mo-99supply chain through supplier diversification and driving efficiencies to maximize operating margins and cash flow. We have entered into agreements toobtain Mo-99 from the Maria nuclear research reactor in Poland, the High Flux Reactor in the Netherlands and the BR2 reactor in Belgium, and are also ableto purchase finished Mo-99 from other suppliers in the marketplace, with whom we do not have long-term supply agreements. Going forward, we willcontinue to seek further diversification of our supplier base.In 2004, the U.S. National Security Administration established its Global Threat Initiative to, as quickly as possible, identify, secure and remove orfacilitate the disposition of vulnerable, high-risk nuclear and radiological materials around the world. One key initiative identified was the conversion byresearch reactors and isotope production facilities of low enriched uranium ("LEU") from highly enriched uranium ("HEU"). We currently use HEU targets forthe production of Mo-99, but ultimately intend to eliminate the use of HEU in favor of using LEU and have begun the process of converting our Mo-99production operation in the Netherlands to LEU targets. For a discussion of how Mo-99 is used in our business, refer to "Raw Materials" within this Item 1.Business and Item 1A. Risk Factors. We primarily market our nuclear radiopharmaceutical products to nuclear radiopharmacies in the U.S. and to hospitals inEurope.The following are significant products in our Nuclear Imaging product portfolio:•Ultra-Technekow DTE is a dry-ship, top eluting Tc-99m radioisotope generator that provides an on-site isotope source of Tc-99m solution thatis combined by a nuclear pharmacist with various "cold" kit targeting agents to prepare an individualized radiopharmaceutical dose. Theprepared Tc-99m radiopharmaceutical is used in procedures using SPECT. SPECT radiopharmaceutical scans are the most common of allradiopharmaceutical scans and are used in a number of applications, including myocardial perfusion imaging and bone scans. Tc-99m is a decayproduct of Mo-99, the parent isotope contained in the Tc-99m generator. We are one of only a limited number of manufacturers of Tc-99mgenerators in North America and Europe, and the only one on either continent that has its own Mo-99 processing facility, which provides costand raw material supply advantages.•Octreoscan™ (kit for the preparation of indium In-111 pentetreotide) is a unique molecular imaging agent used for the localization of primaryand metastatic neuroendocrine tumors bearing somatostatin receptors. The product was approved by the FDA in June 1994 and is sold primarilyin the U.S. and Europe. There are three Orange Book-listed patents for the drug product and usage in detection of neuroendocrine tumors. Thelast patent expires in September 2017.Industry Overview and TrendsWe believe our businesses are well positioned in attractive markets based on a global broadening of access to healthcare, increased demand forpharmaceutical products from emerging markets and the medical industry's continued focus on diagnostic imaging for the early diagnosis of diseases.We expect that the specialty pharmaceuticals market in the U.S. will likely grow in the low-to-mid single digits in the near-term. With respect to brandeddrugs, most disease areas are addressed by products of a small group of companies that can create extensions of existing brands. Pain management representsthe largest therapeutic prescription market in the U.S., with pain medications accounting for approximately one out of every ten dispensed prescriptions. Painmanagement is a time-tested therapeutic area, and pain products have been available on the U.S. market since the 1920s.We believe our experience in satisfying the regulatory requirements relating to raw materials for nuclear radiopharmaceuticals provides competitiveadvantages versus other potential competitors. Currently, nuclear imaging tends to be concentrated in developed markets due to its high capital-intensityrequirements.8CompetitionSpecialty Brands and Specialty GenericsSeveral of our Specialty Brands products do not face direct competition from similar products, but instead compete against alternative forms of treatmentthat a prescriber may utilize. For example, Acthar, has limited direct competition due to the unique nature of the product; however, it generally is prescribedby physicians when numerous alternative treatments have not yielded favorable outcomes for patients. Our Specialty Generics products compete withproducts manufactured by many other companies in highly competitive markets, primarily throughout the U.S. Our competitors vary depending upontherapeutic and product categories. Major competitors of our Specialty Generics products include Allergan, Inc. (formerly Actavis, Inc.), Endo HealthSolutions Inc., Johnson & Johnson (including its Noramco, Inc. subsidiary), Johnson Matthey plc, Mylan N.V., Pfizer Inc., Purdue Pharma L.P. and TevaPharmaceutical Industries Ltd., among others. Our secure sources of raw opioid material, vertically integrated manufacturing capabilities, broad offerings ofAPI controlled substances and acetaminophen, comprehensive generic controlled substance product line and established relationships with independentretail pharmacies enable us to compete effectively with larger generics manufacturers. In addition, we believe that our experience with the FDA, DEA andRisk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies ("REMS") provides us the knowledge to successfully operate in this highly competitive and highly regulatedenvironment.The competitive landscape in the acquisition and in-licensing of pharmaceutical products has intensified in recent years, reflecting both a reduction inthe number of compounds available and an increase in the number of companies and the collective resources bidding on available assets. The ability toeffectively compete in product development, acquisitions and in-licensing is important to our long-term growth strategy. In addition to product developmentand acquisitions, other competitive factors in the pharmaceutical industry include product efficacy, safety, ease of use, price, demonstrated cost-effectiveness,third-party reimbursement, marketing effectiveness, customer service, reliability of supply, reputation and access to technical information.The highly competitive environment of our Specialty Brands segment requires us to continually seek out new products to treat diseases and conditionsin areas of high unmet medical needs, create technological innovations and to market our products effectively. Most new products that we introduce mustcompete with other products already on the market, as well as other products that are subsequently developed by competitors. For our branded products, wemay be granted market exclusivity either through the FDA, the U.S. Patent Office or similar agencies internationally. Regulatory exclusivity is granted by theFDA for new innovations, such as new clinical data, a new chemical entity or orphan drugs, and patents are issued for inventions, such as composition ofmatter or method of use. While patents offer a longer period of exclusivity, there are more bases to challenge patent-conferred exclusivity than withregulatory exclusivity. Generally, once market exclusivity expires on our branded products, competition will likely intensify as generic forms of the productare launched. Products which do not benefit from regulatory or patent exclusivity must rely on other competitive advantages, such as confidentialityagreements or product formulation trade secrets for difficult to replicate products.Manufacturers of generic pharmaceuticals typically invest far less in R&D than research-based pharmaceutical companies, allowing generic versions totypically be significantly less expensive than the related branded products. The generic form of a drug may also enjoy a preferred position relative to thebranded version under third-party reimbursement programs, or be routinely dispensed in substitution for the branded form by pharmacies. If competitorsintroduce new products, delivery systems or processes with therapeutic or cost advantages, our products can be subject to progressive price reductions,decreased sales volume or both. To successfully compete for business with managed care and pharmacy benefits management organizations, we must oftendemonstrate that our branded products offer not only superior health outcomes but also cost advantages, as compared with other forms of care. Certain of ourSpecialty Brands products are specialized pharmaceuticals or biopharmaceuticals, for example Acthar, that may not be prescribed unless a clear benefit inefficacy or safety is demonstrated or until lower-cost alternatives have failed to provide positive patient outcomes or are not well tolerated by the patient.In our Specialty Generics segment, we face intense competition from other generic drug manufacturers, brand-name pharmaceutical companies marketingauthorized generics, existing branded equivalents and manufacturers of therapeutically similar drugs. The competition varies depending on the specificproduct category and dosage strength, and we believe that our competitive advantages include our ability to introduce new generic versions of brand-namedrug products, our formulation expertise and drug delivery technology, our access to controlled substance API, our quality and cost-effective production, ourcustomer service and the breadth of our generic product line. Among the large generic controlled substance providers, we are the only generic manufacturerthat has its own controlled substance API manufacturing capability, and we believe the vertical integration and production of our own API confers certaincompetitive advantages that might not be available to other pharmaceutical companies. New drugs and future developments in improved or advanced drugdelivery technologies or other therapeutic techniques may provide therapeutic or cost advantages to products we market. The maintenance of profitableoperations in generic pharmaceuticals depends, in part, on our ability to select, develop and timely launch new generic products, to manufacture such newproducts in a cost efficient, high-quality manner and implement and drive market volume.As a result of consolidation among wholesale distributors and rapid growth of large retail drug store chains, a small number of large wholesaledistributors and retail drug store chains control a significant share of the market, and the number of independent drug9stores and small drug store chains has decreased. This has resulted in customers gaining more purchasing power. Consequently, there is heightenedcompetition among generic drug producers for the business of this smaller and more selective customer base.In our API business, we believe that our competitive advantages include our manufacturing capabilities in controlled substances that enable high-speed,high-volume tableting, packaging and distribution. Additionally, we believe we offer customers reliability of supply and broad-based technical customerservice.Nuclear ImagingIn Nuclear Imaging, we compete primarily on the ability of our products to capture market share. While we believe that the number of procedures usingnuclear imaging may grow in emerging markets, due in part to increasing infrastructure and access to healthcare, we expect that our ability to effectivelycompete with other providers of nuclear imaging will be impacted by ongoing pricing pressures. We believe that our key product characteristics, such asproven efficacy, reliability and safety, coupled with our core competencies such as our efficient manufacturing processes and established distributionnetwork, are important factors that may distinguish us from our competitors.The market for imaging agents is highly competitive. Major competitors to our Nuclear Imaging business include, among others:•for radiopharmaceutical generators sold in the U.S.: Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc.;•for radiopharmaceutical generators sold in Europe: GE Healthcare, IBA Group, and POLATOM; and•for radiopharmaceutical SPECT "cold" kits: Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc., GE Healthcare, Bracco Imaging S.p.A. and IBA Group.Our current or future products could be rendered obsolete or uneconomical as a result of the competition described above and the factors described in"Intellectual Property" included within this Item 1. Business, as well as any of the risk factors described in Item 1A. Risk Factors included within this AnnualReport on Form 10-K. Our failure to compete effectively could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition,results of operations and cash flows.Intellectual PropertyWe own or license a number of patents in the U.S. and other countries covering certain products and have also developed brand names and trademarks forother products. Generally, our Specialty Brands business relies upon patent protection to ensure market exclusivity for the life of the patent. We consider theoverall protection of our patents, trademarks and license rights to be of material value and act to protect these rights from infringement. However, ourbusiness is not materially dependent upon any single patent, trademark or license or any group of patents, trademarks or licenses.The majority of an innovative product's commercial value is usually realized during the period in which the product has market exclusivity. In thebranded pharmaceutical industry, an innovator product's market exclusivity is generally determined by two forms of intellectual property: patent rights heldby the innovator company and any regulatory forms of exclusivity to which the innovator is entitled. In the U.S. and some other countries, when marketexclusivity expires and generic versions of a product are approved and marketed, there often are very substantial and rapid declines in the branded product'ssales. The rate of this decline varies by country and by therapeutic category; however, following patent expiration, branded products often continue to havesome market viability based upon the goodwill of the product name, which typically benefits from trademark protection or is based on the difficultiesassociated with replicating the product formulation or bioavailability. Acthar is not subject to patent or other exclusivity, with the exception of infantilespasms ("IS") which was granted orphan drug status from the FDA upon its approval in October 2010. Acthar's commercial durability therefore relies partiallyupon product formulation trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and trademark and copyright laws. These items may not prevent competitors fromindependently developing similar technology or duplicating our product.Patents are a key determinant of market exclusivity for most branded pharmaceuticals. Patents provide the innovator with the right to exclude othersfrom practicing an invention related to the product. Patents may cover, among other things, the active ingredient(s), various uses of a drug product,pharmaceutical formulations, drug delivery mechanisms, and processes for (or intermediates useful in) the manufacture of products. Protection for individualproducts extends for varying periods in accordance with the expiration dates of patents in the various countries. The protection afforded, which may also varyfrom country to country, depends upon the type of patent, its scope of coverage and the availability of meaningful legal remedies in the country.Many developed countries provide certain non-patent incentives for the development of pharmaceuticals. For example, the U.S., European Union("E.U.") and Japan each provide for a minimum period of time after the approval of certain new drugs during which the regulatory agency may not rely uponthe innovator's data to approve a competitor's generic copy. Regulatory exclusivity is also available in certain markets as incentives for research on newindications, orphan drugs (drugs that demonstrate promise for the diagnosis or treatment of rare diseases or conditions) and medicines that may be useful intreating pediatric patients. Regulatory10exclusivity is independent of any patent rights and can be particularly important when a drug lacks broad patent protection. However, most regulatory formsof exclusivity do not prevent a competitor from gaining regulatory approval prior to the expiration of regulatory exclusivity on the basis of the competitor'sown safety and efficacy data on its drug, even when that drug is identical to that marketed by the innovator.We estimate the likely market exclusivity period for each of our branded products on a case-by-case basis. It is not possible to predict with certainty thelength of market exclusivity for any of our branded products because of the complex interaction between patent and regulatory forms of exclusivity, therelative success or lack thereof by potential competitors' experience in product development and inherent uncertainties concerning patent litigation. Therecan be no assurance that a particular product will enjoy market exclusivity for the full period of time that we currently estimate or that the exclusivity will belimited to the estimate.In addition to patents and regulatory forms of exclusivity, we also market products with trademarks. Trademarks have no effect on market exclusivity fora product, but are considered to have marketing value. Trademark protection continues in some countries as long as used; in other countries, as long asregistered. Registrations of such trademarks are for fixed terms and subject to renewal as provided by the laws of the particular country.Research and DevelopmentWe devote significant resources to the research and development of products and proprietary drug technologies. We incurred R&D expenses fromcontinuing operations of $185.1 million, $163.5 million and $157.9 million in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We expect to continue to invest inR&D activities, as well as enter into license agreements and business development opportunities to supplement our internal R&D initiatives. We intend tofocus our R&D investments in the specialty pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals areas, specifically investments to support our Specialty Brands andSpecialty Generics segments, where we believe there is the greatest opportunity for growth and profitability.Specialty Brands. We devote significant R&D resources for our branded products. A number of our branded products are protected by patents and haveenjoyed market exclusivity. Our R&D strategy focuses on generating clinical and health economic data associated with our currently marketed products aswell as generating clinical data in support of new indications for existing products, label expansion opportunities for Inomax and Therakos immunotherapyand development of pipeline products.In accordance with a Pediatric Research Equity Act requirement included in the New Drug Application ("NDA") approval for Ofirmev, CadencePharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Cadence") began enrolling patients in 2012 in a post-marketing efficacy study of Ofirmev in infants and neonates. The data from thisstudy will be used to satisfy a formal written request Cadence received from the FDA under Section 505A of the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act that wasmade as part of the approval process for Ofirmev. The study is completed and is anticipated to be filed with the FDA in calendar 2016. Upon acceptance bythe FDA of the data from this study, Ofirmev may be eligible for an additional six months of marketing exclusivity in the U.S. The FDA is also currentlyreviewing a supplemental NDA that would enable us to offer Ofirmev in flexible intravenous bags.Specialty Generics. In regard to specialty generic product development, we are focused on controlled substances with difficult-to-replicatepharmacokinetic profiles and the development of products with abuse deterrent properties. As of September 25, 2015, we had various Abbreviated New DrugApplications ("ANDAs") on file with the FDA.Nuclear Imaging. Our R&D efforts in our Nuclear Imaging segment are focused on driving efficiency and regulatory compliance.Regulatory MattersQuality Assurance RequirementsThe FDA enforces regulations to ensure that the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the manufacture, processing, packaging andholding of drugs and medical devices conform to current good manufacturing practice ("cGMP"). The cGMP regulations that the FDA enforces arecomprehensive and cover all aspects of manufacturing operations, from receipt of raw materials to finished product distribution, and are designed to ensurethat the finished products meet all the required identity, strength, quality and purity characteristics. The cGMP regulations for devices, called the QualitySystem Regulations, are also comprehensive and cover all aspects of device manufacture, from pre-production design validation to installation and servicing,insofar as they bear upon the safe and effective use of the device and whether the device otherwise meets the requirements of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug andCosmetic Act ("the FFDCA"). Other regulatory authorities have their own cGMP rules. Ensuring compliance requires a continuous commitment of time,money and effort in all operational areas.The FDA conducts pre-approval inspections of facilities engaged in the development, manufacture, processing, packaging, testing and holding of thedrugs subject to NDAs and ANDAs. If the FDA concludes that the facilities to be used do not or did not meet cGMP, good laboratory practice ("GLP") or goodclinical practice ("GCP") requirements, it will not approve the application. Corrective actions to remedy the deficiencies must be performed and are usuallyverified in a subsequent inspection. In addition, manufacturers of both pharmaceutical products and API used to formulate the drug also ordinarily undergo apre-approval inspection,11although the inspection can be waived when the manufacturer has had a passing cGMP inspection in the immediate past. Failure of any facility to pass a pre-approval inspection will result in delayed approval and could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition,results of operations and cash flows.The FDA also conducts periodic inspections of drug and device facilities to assess their cGMP status. If the FDA were to find serious cGMP non-compliance during such an inspection, it could take regulatory actions that could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financialcondition and cash flows. Additionally, imported API and other components needed to manufacture products could be rejected by U.S. Customs and BorderProtection, usually after conferring with the FDA. In the case of domestic facilities, the FDA could initiate product seizures or, in some instances, requireproduct recalls and seek to enjoin a product's manufacture and distribution. In certain circumstances, violations could support civil penalties and criminalprosecutions. In addition, if the FDA concludes that a company is not in compliance with cGMP requirements, sanctions may be imposed that includepreventing that company from receiving the necessary licenses to export its products and classifying that company as an "unacceptable supplier," therebydisqualifying that company from selling products to federal agencies.United StatesIn general, drug manufacturers operate in a highly regulated environment. In the U.S., we must comply with laws, regulations, guidance documents andstandards promulgated by the FDA, the Department of Health and Human Services ("DHHS"), the DEA, the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), theNRC, the Customs Service and state boards of pharmacy.The FDA's authority to regulate the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals comes from the FFDCA. In addition to reviewing NDAs, for branded drugs,and ANDAs, for generic drugs, the FDA has the authority to ensure that pharmaceutical products introduced into interstate commerce are neither "adulterated"nor "misbranded." Adulterated means that the product may cause or has caused injury to patients when used as intended because it fails to comply withcGMP. Misbranded means that the labels of, or promotional materials for, the product contain false or misleading information. Failure to comply withapplicable FDA and other federal and state regulations could result in product recalls or seizures, partial or complete suspension of manufacturing ordistribution, refusal to approve pending NDAs or ANDAs, monetary fines, civil penalties or criminal prosecution.In order to market and sell a new prescription drug product in the U.S., a drug manufacturer must file with the FDA a NDA that shows the safety andeffectiveness of (a) a new chemical entity that serves as the API, known as a 505(b)(1) NDA; or (b) a product that has significant differences from an alreadyapproved one, known as a 505(b)(2) NDA. Alternatively, in order to market and sell a generic version of an already approved drug product, a drugmanufacturer must file an ANDA that shows that the generic version is "therapeutically equivalent," or behaves almost the same when taken by a patient tothe branded drug product and, therefore, is substitutable.For all pharmaceuticals sold in the U.S., the FDA also regulates sales and marketing to ensure that drug product claims made by manufacturers are neitherfalse nor misleading. Manufacturers are required to file copies of all product-specific promotional materials to the FDA's Office of Prescription DrugPromotion prior to their first use. In general, such advertising does not require FDA prior approval. Failure to implement a robust internal company reviewprocess and comply with FDA regulations regarding advertising and promotion increases the risk of enforcement action by either the FDA or the U.S.Department of Justice.For both NDAs and ANDAs, the manufacture, marketing and selling of certain drug products may be limited by quota grants for controlled substances bythe DEA. Refer to "Drug Enforcement Administration" within this Item 1. Business for further information.NDA Process. The path leading to FDA approval of a NDA for a new chemical entity begins when the drug product is merely a chemical formulation inthe laboratory. In general, the process involves the following steps:•Completion of formulation, laboratory and animal testing in accordance with GLP that fully characterizes the drug product from a pre-clinicalperspective and provides preliminary evidence that the drug product is safe to test in human beings;•Filing with the FDA an Investigational New Drug Application that will permit the conduct of clinical trials (testing in human beings underadequate and well-controlled conditions);•Designing and conducting clinical trials to show the safety and efficacy of the drug product in accordance with GCP;•Submitting the NDA for FDA review, which provides a complete characterization of the drug product;•Satisfactory completion of FDA pre-approval inspections regarding the conduct of the clinical trials and the manufacturing processes at thedesignated facility in accordance with cGMP;•If applicable, satisfactory completion of a FDA Advisory Committee meeting in which the Agency requests help from outside experts inevaluating the NDA;•Final FDA approval of the full prescribing information, labeling and packaging of the drug product; and12•Ongoing monitoring and reporting of adverse events related to the drug product, implementation of a REMS program, if applicable, andconduct of any required Phase IV studies.Clinical trials are typically conducted in four sequential phases, although they may overlap. The four phases are as follows:•Phase I trials are typically small (less than 100 healthy volunteers) and are designed to determine the toxicity and maximum safe dose of thedrug product.•Phase II trials usually involve 100 to 300 participants and are designed to determine whether the drug product produces any clinicallysignificant effects in patients with the intended disease or condition. If the results of these trials show promise, then a larger Phase III trial maybe conducted.•Phase III trials are often multi-institution studies that involve a large number of participants and are designed to show efficacy. Phase III (andsome Phase II) trials are designed to be pivotal, or confirmatory trials. The goal of a pivotal trial is to establish the safety and efficacy of a drugproduct by eliminating biases and increasing statistical power.•In some cases, the FDA requires Phase IV trials, which are usually performed after the NDA has been approved. Such post-marketing surveillanceis intended to obtain more information about the risks of harm, benefits and optimal use of the drug product by observing the results of the drugproduct in a large number of patients. A drug manufacturer may conduct clinical trials either in the U.S. or outside the U.S., but in all cases must comply with GCP, which includes (a) a legallyeffective informed consent process when enrolling participants; (b) an independent review by an Institutional Review Board to minimize and manage therisks of harm to participants; and (c) ongoing monitoring and reporting of adverse events related to the drug product.In addition, a drug manufacturer may decide to conduct a clinical trial of a drug product on pediatric patients in order to obtain a form of marketingexclusivity as permitted under the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act ("BPCA"). Alternatively, the FDA may require a drug manufacturer, using itsauthority under the Pediatric Research Equity Act, to conduct a pediatric clinical trial. The goal of conducting pediatric clinical trials is to gather data onhow drug products should best be administered to this patient population.The path leading to FDA approval of a NDA for a drug product that has significant differences from an already approved one is somewhat shorter. TheFDA requires a drug manufacturer to submit data from either already published reports or newly conducted studies that show the safety and efficacy of thosedifferences. Significant differences include different dosage strengths or route of administration.Under the U.S. Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA has the authority to collect fees from drug manufacturers who submit NDAs for review andapproval. These user fees help the FDA fund the drug approval process. For fiscal 2015, the user fee rate has been set at $2,374,200 for a 505(b)(1) NDA and$1,187,100 for a NDA not requiring a complete clinical data package, generally a 505(b)(2) NDA. We expense these fees as they are incurred. The averagereview time for a NDA is approximately six months for priority review and ten months for standard review.ANDA Process. The path leading to FDA approval of an ANDA is much different from that of a NDA. By statute, the FDA waives the requirement for adrug manufacturer to complete pre-clinical studies and clinical trials and instead focuses on data from bioequivalence studies. Bioequivalence studiesgenerally involve comparing the absorption rate and concentration levels of a generic drug in the human body to that of the branded drug or ReferenceListed Drug ("RLD"). In the event that the generic drug behaves in the same manner in the human body as the RLD, the two drug products are consideredbioequivalent. The FDA considers a generic drug therapeutically equivalent, and therefore substitutable, if it also contains the same active ingredients,dosage form, route of administration and strength.In 2010, U.S. Congress passed into law the Generic Drug User Fee Act to address the FDA's backlog, which at the time was over 2,000 ANDAs. Thislegislation granted the FDA authority to collect, for the first time, user fees from generic drug manufacturers who submit ANDAs for review and approval, andthe fees collected will help the FDA fund the drug approval process. For fiscal 2015, the user fee rate is set at $76,030 for an ANDA and $38,020 for a priorapproval supplement to an ANDA. These fees are expensed as incurred. The FDA has set goal dates by fiscal year for ANDA submissions to improve theaverage review time. Fiscal 2016 has a target of approving 75% of ANDA submissions within 15 months of submission.Aside from the backlog described above, the timing of FDA approval of ANDAs depends on other factors, including whether an ANDA holder haschallenged any listed patents to the RLD and whether the RLD is entitled to one or more periods of marketing exclusivity under the FFDCA (such aspediatric exclusivity under the BPCA). In general, the FDA will not approve (but will continue to review) an ANDA in which the RLD holder has sued, within45 days of receiving notice of the ANDA filing, the ANDA holder for patent infringement until either the litigation has been resolved or 30 months haselapsed, whichever is later.Patent and Non-Patent Exclusivity Periods. A sponsor of a NDA is required to identify in its application any patent that claims the drug or a use of thedrug subject to the application. Upon NDA approval, the FDA lists these patents in the Orange Book. Any person that files a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, the typeof NDA that relies upon the data in the application for which the patents are listed, or an13ANDA to secure approval of a generic version of a previous drug, must make a certification in respect to listed patents. The FDA may not approve such anapplication for the drug until expiration of the listed patents unless the generic applicant certifies that the listed patents are invalid, unenforceable or notinfringed by the proposed generic drug and gives notice to the holder of the NDA for the RLD of the bases upon which the patents are challenged, and theholder of the RLD does not sue the later applicant for patent infringement within 45 days of receipt of notice. If an infringement suit is filed, the FDA may notapprove the later application until the earliest of: (a) 30 months after receipt of the notice by the holder of the NDA for the RLD; (b) entry of an appellatecourt judgment holding the patent invalid, unenforceable or not infringed; (c) such time as the court may order; or (d) the expiration of the patent.One of the key motivators for challenging patents is the 180-day market exclusivity period ("generic exclusivity") granted to the developer of a genericversion of a product that is the first to make a Paragraph IV certification and that prevails in litigation with the manufacturer of the branded product over theapplicable patent(s) or is not sued. For a variety of reasons, there are situations in which a company may not be able to take advantage of an award of genericexclusivity. The determination of when generic exclusivity begins and ends is very complicated.The holder of the NDA for the RLD may also be entitled to certain non-patent exclusivity during which the FDA cannot approve an application for acompeting generic product or 505(b)(2) NDA product. Generally, if the RLD is a new chemical entity, the FDA may not accept for filing any application thatreferences the innovator's NDA for five years from the approval of the innovator's NDA. However, this five-year period is shortened to four years where a filer'sANDA includes a Paragraph IV certification. In other cases, where the innovator has provided certain clinical study information, the FDA may accept forfiling, but may not approve, an application that references the innovator's NDA for a period of three years from the approval of the innovator's NDA.Certain additional periods of exclusivity may be available if the RLD is indicated for use in a rare disease or condition or is studied for pediatricindications.Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies ("REMS"). For certain drug products or classes, such as transmucosal immediate-release fentanyl products andextended-release and long-acting opioids, the FDA has the authority to require the manufacturer to provide a REMS that is intended to ensure that thebenefits of a drug product (or class of drug products) outweigh the risks of harm. The FDA may require that a REMS include elements to ensure safe use tomitigate a specific serious risk of harm, such as requiring that the prescriber have particular training or experience or that the drug product is dispensed incertain healthcare settings. The FDA has the authority to impose civil penalties on or take other enforcement action against any drug manufacturer who failsto properly implement an approved REMS program. Separately, a drug manufacturer cannot use an approved REMS program to delay generic competition.In December 2011, the FDA approved a single, class-wide REMS program for transmucosal immediate-release fentanyl ("TIRF") products (called "theTIRF REMS Access Program") in order to ease the burden on the healthcare system. TIRF products are opioids used to manage pain in adults with cancer whoroutinely take other opioid pain medicines around-the-clock. We were part of the original industry working group that collaborated to develop andimplement the TIRF REMS Access Program. The goals of this program are to ensure patient access to important medications and mitigate the risk of misuse,abuse, addiction, overdose and serious complications due to medication errors by: (a) prescribing and dispensing only to appropriate patients, including useonly in opioid-tolerant patients; (b) preventing inappropriate conversion between fentanyl products; (c) preventing accidental exposure to children andothers for whom such products were not prescribed; and (d) educating prescribers, pharmacists and patients on the potential for misuse, abuse, addiction andoverdose. This program started in March 2012 and requires manufacturers, distributors, prescribers, dispensers and patients to enroll in a real-time databasethat maintains a closed-distribution system.In February 2009, the FDA requested that drug manufacturers help develop a single, shared REMS for extended-release and long-acting opioid productsthat contain fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone and oxymorphone. In April 2009, the FDA announced that the "REMS would beintended to ensure that the benefits of these drugs continue to outweigh the risks associated with: (1) use of high doses of long-acting opioids and extended-release opioid products in non-opioid-tolerant and inappropriately selected individuals; (2) abuse; (3) misuse; and (4) overdose, both accidental andintentional." We were part of the original industry working group that collaborated to develop and implement this REMS program. In July 2012, the FDAapproved a class-wide REMS program (called "the Extended-Release and Long-Acting Opioid Analgesics REMS") that affected more than 30 extended-release and long-acting opioid analgesics (both branded and generic products). This REMS program requires drug manufacturers to make available trainingon appropriate prescribing practices for healthcare professionals who prescribe these opioid analgesics and to distribute educational materials on their safeuse to prescribers and patients.Drug Enforcement Administration. The DEA is the federal agency responsible for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970("CSA"). The CSA classifies drugs and other substances based on identified potential for abuse. Schedule I controlled substances, such as heroin and LSD,have a high abuse potential and have no currently accepted medical use; thus, they cannot be lawfully marketed or sold. Opioids, such as oxycodone,oxymorphone, morphine, fentanyl and hydrocodone, are either Schedule II or III controlled substances. Consequently, the manufacture, storage, distributionand sale of these substances are highly regulated.The DEA regulates the availability of API, products under development and marketed drug products that are Schedule II or III by setting annual quotas.Every year, we must apply to the DEA for manufacturing quota to manufacture API and procurement quota to14manufacture finished dosage products. Given that the DEA has discretion to grant or deny our manufacturing and procurement quota requests, the quota theDEA grants may be insufficient to meet our commercial and R&D needs. To date in calendar 2015, manufacturing and procurement quotas granted by theDEA have been sufficient to meet our sales and inventory requirements on most products. During calendar 2012, the initial hydrocodone manufacturing andprocurement quota grants we received from the DEA were below the amounts requested and were therefore insufficient to meet customer demand. While wewere granted additional quota, these shortfalls did result in lost sales of hydrocodone products, the amount of which was not significant. Future delay orrefusal by the DEA to grant, in whole or in part, our quota requests could delay or result in stopping the manufacture of our marketed drug products, newproduct launches or the conduct of bioequivalence studies and clinical trials.In August 2014, the DEA issued its final rule to reschedule hydrocodone combination products (such as Vicodin® (registered trademark of AbbVie Inc.)from Schedule III to Schedule II, which was effective on October 6, 2014. In accordance with the final rule, we have discontinued sales of Schedule III labeledproducts and launched Schedule II labeled products. The effects of the rescheduling resulted in increased returns of Schedule III labeled product, which didnot have a material impact to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.DEA regulations make it extremely difficult for a manufacturer in the U.S. to import finished dosage forms of controlled substances manufactured outsidethe U.S. These rules reflect a broader enforcement approach by the DEA to regulate the manufacture, distribution and dispensing of legally producedcontrolled substances. Accordingly, drug manufacturers who market and sell finished dosage forms of controlled substances in the U.S. typically manufactureor have them manufactured in the U.S.The DEA also requires drug manufacturers to design and implement a system that identifies suspicious orders of controlled substances, such as those ofunusual size, those that deviate substantially from a normal pattern and those of unusual frequency, prior to completion of the sale. A compliant suspiciousorder monitoring ("SOM") system includes well-defined due diligence, "know your customer" efforts and order monitoring.To meet its responsibilities, the DEA conducts periodic inspections of registered establishments that handle controlled substances. Annual registration isrequired for any facility that manufactures, tests, distributes, dispenses, imports or exports any controlled substance. The facilities must have the security,control and accounting mechanisms required by the DEA to prevent loss and diversion. Failure to maintain compliance, particularly as manifested in loss ordiversion, can result in regulatory action that could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows. The DEA may seek civil penalties, refuse to renew necessary registrations or initiate proceedings to revoke those registrations. Incertain circumstances, violations could lead to criminal proceedings.Individual states also regulate controlled substances, and we, as well as our third-party API suppliers and manufacturers, are subject to such regulation byseveral states with respect to the manufacture and distribution of these products.We and, to our knowledge, our third-party API suppliers, dosage form manufacturers, distributors and researchers have all necessary registrations, and webelieve all registrants operate in conformity with applicable registration requirements, under controlled substance laws.Government Benefit Programs. Statutory and regulatory requirements for Medicaid, Medicare, Tricare and other government healthcare programs governprovider reimbursement levels, including requiring that all pharmaceutical companies pay rebates to individual states based on a percentage of their net salesarising from Medicaid program-reimbursed products. The federal and state governments may continue to enact measures in the future aimed at containing orreducing payment levels for prescription pharmaceuticals paid for in whole or in part with government funds. We cannot predict the nature of such measures,which could have material adverse consequences for the pharmaceutical industry as a whole and, consequently, also for us. However, we believe we haveprovided for our best estimate of potential refunds based on current information available.From time to time, legislative changes are made to government healthcare programs that impact our business. For example, the Medicare PrescriptionDrug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 created a new prescription drug coverage program for people with Medicare through a new system ofprivate market drug benefit plans. This law provides a prescription drug benefit to seniors and individuals with disabilities in the Medicare program("Medicare Part D"). Congress continues to examine various Medicare policy proposals that may result in pressure on the prices of prescription drugs in theMedicare program.In addition, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act(collectively, "the Healthcare Reform Act") provided for major changes to the U.S. healthcare system, which impacted the delivery and payment forhealthcare services in the U.S. Several provisions of the Healthcare Reform Act have already taken effect, including the elimination of lifetime caps and norescission of policies or denial of coverage due to preexisting conditions, improving patients' ability to obtain and maintain health insurance. Whilesignificant components of the Healthcare Reform Act have been implemented, various other aspects are ongoing and there may still be challenges anduncertainties ahead. Such a comprehensive reform measure requires expanded implementation efforts on the part of federal and state agencies embarking onrule-making to develop the specific components of their new authority. We continue to closely monitor the implementation of the Healthcare Reform Act andrelated legislative and regulatory developments. To date our business has been most notably impacted by rebates from the Medicaid Fee-For-Service Programand Medicaid Managed Care plans and the imposition of an annual fee on15branded prescription pharmaceutical manufacturers. Medicaid provisions reduced net sales by $82.3 million, $43.5 million, and $15.5 million in fiscal 2015,2014, and 2013, respectively. The fiscal 2015 increase in provisions for Medicaid payments is primarily attributable to a $41.7 million increase associatedwith Acthar, as fiscal 2015 included a full year of results for the product, which was partially offset by lower net sales of Methylphenidate ER. The fiscal 2014increase in provisions for Medicaid payments is primarily attributable to a $17.0 million increase in the Specialty Generics segment driven by increasedMedicaid utilization and net sales of Methylphenidate ER. Fiscal 2014, also reflects a $5.2 million increase due to the addition of Acthar that was part of theacquisition of Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Questcor") on August 14, 2014. The Company was also impacted by the annual fee on branded prescriptionpharmaceutical manufactures, which is not tax deductible, and recorded expense of $20.0 million, $0.9 million, and $0.1 million in fiscal 2015, 2014, and2013, respectively, within selling, general and administrative expenses. The fee increased in fiscal 2015 due to the inclusion of a full year of resultsassociated with Acthar. We expect this branded pharmaceutical fee and Medicaid provisions to increase in future periods at rates that are consistent with netsales growth. There are a number of other provisions in the legislation that collectively are expected to have an immaterial impact to the Company.Healthcare Fraud and Abuse LawsWe are subject to various federal, state and local laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry. For example, in the U.S., there are federal andstate anti-kickback laws that prohibit the payment or receipt of kickbacks, bribes or other remuneration intended to induce the purchase or recommendationof healthcare products and services or reward past purchases or recommendations, including the U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute and similar state statutes, theFalse Claims Act and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. Violations of these laws can lead to civil and criminal penalties,including fines, imprisonment and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. These laws apply to hospitals, physicians and other potentialpurchasers of our products and are potentially applicable to us as both a manufacturer and a supplier of products reimbursed by federal healthcare programs.In addition, some states in the U.S. have enacted compliance and reporting requirements aimed at drug manufacturers.We are also subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions, such as the UnitedKingdom ("U.K.") Bribery Act of 2010, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials forthe purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Because of the predominance of government-sponsored healthcare systems around the world, most of ourcustomer relationships outside of the U.S. are with governmental entities and are therefore subject to such anti-bribery laws. Our policies mandate compliancewith these anti-bribery laws; however, we operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certaincircumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Despite our training and compliance programs, ourinternal control policies and procedures may not protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents.Compliance ProgramsIn order to systematically and comprehensively mitigate the risks of non-compliance with regulatory requirements described within this Item 1. Business,we have developed what we believe to be a robust compliance program based on the April 2003 Office of the Inspector General ("OIG") Compliance ProgramGuidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Code onInteractions with Healthcare Professionals, the Code of Ethics of the Advanced Medical Technology Association, the U.K. Anti-Bribery guidance, and otherrelevant guidance from government and national or regional industry codes of behavior. We conduct ongoing compliance training programs for allemployees and maintain a 24-hour ethics and compliance reporting hotline with a strict policy of non-retaliation. We further demonstrated our commitmentto our compliance programs by the addition of a Chief Compliance Officer who reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer and the ComplianceCommittee of our Board of Directors. The Compliance function is independent of the manufacturing and commercial operations functions and is responsiblefor implementing our compliance programs.As part of our compliance program, we have implemented internal cross-functional processes to review and approve product-specific promotionalmaterials, presentations and external communications to address the risk of misbranding or mislabeling our products through our promotional efforts. Inaddition, we have established programs to monitor promotional speaker activities and field sales representatives, which includes a "ride along" program forfield sales representatives similar to those included in recent Corporate Integrity Agreements from the OIG in order to obtain first-hand observations of howapproved promotional and other materials are used, as well as monitoring of sales representative expenses. We have also implemented a comprehensivecontrolled substances compliance program, including anti-diversion efforts that go beyond the DEA's SOM requirements and we regularly assist federal, stateand local law enforcement and prosecutors in the U.S. by providing information and testimony on our products and placebos for use by the DEA and otherlaw enforcement agencies in investigations and at trial. As part of this program, we also work with some of our customers to help develop and implement whatwe believe are best practices for SOM and other anti-diversion activities.16We believe our compliance program design also addresses our FDA, healthcare anti-kickback, anti-fraud, and anti-bribery-related risks. We believe wehave complied with reporting obligations of the U.S. Federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act and relevant state disclosure laws and have implemented aprogram across the Company to track and report data per Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") guidance and state disclosure requirements.Outside the United StatesOutside the U.S., we must comply with laws, guidelines and standards promulgated by other regulatory authorities that regulate the development, testing,manufacturing, marketing and selling of pharmaceuticals, including, but not limited to, Health Canada, the Medicines and Healthcare Products RegulatoryAgency in the U.K., the Irish Medicines Board, the European Medicines Agency and member states of the E.U., the State Food and Drug Administration inChina, the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia, the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority, the Ministry of Health andWelfare in Japan, the European Pharmacopoeia of the Council of Europe and the International Conference on Harmonization. Although internationalharmonization efforts continue, many laws, guidelines and standards differ by region or country.We currently market our products in Canada, in various countries in the E.U., and in the Latin American, Middle Eastern, African and Asia-Pacificregions. The approval requirements and process vary by country, and the time required to obtain marketing authorization may vary from that required forFDA approval. Certain drug products and variations in drug product lines also must meet country-specific and other local regulatory requirements. Thefollowing discussion highlights some of the differences in the approval process in other regions or countries outside the U.S.European Union. Marketing authorizations are obtained either pursuant to a centralized or decentralized procedure. The centralized procedure, whichprovides for a single marketing authorization valid for all E.U. member states, is mandatory for the approval of certain drug products and is optional for noveldrug products that are in the interest of patient health. Under the centralized procedure, a single marketing authorization application is submitted for reviewto the European Medicines Agency, which makes a recommendation on the application to the European Commission, who determines whether or not toapprove the application. The decentralized procedure provides for concurrent mutual recognition of national approval decisions, and is available forproducts that are not subject to the centralized procedure.The E.U. has also adopted directives and other laws that govern the labeling, marketing, advertising, supply, distribution and drug safety monitoring andreporting of drug products. Such directives set regulatory standards throughout the E.U. and permit member states to supplement such standards withadditional requirements.European governments also regulate drug prices through the control of national healthcare systems that fund a large part of such costs to patients. Manyregulate the pricing of a new drug product at launch through direct price controls or reference pricing and, recently, some have also imposed additional cost-containment measures on drug products. Such differences in national pricing regimes may create price differentials between E.U. member states. ManyEuropean governments also advocate generic substitution by requiring or permitting prescribers or pharmacists to substitute a different company's genericversion of a brand drug product that was prescribed, and patients are unlikely to take a drug product that is not reimbursed by their government.Emerging Markets. Many emerging markets continue to evolve their regulatory review and oversight processes. At present, such countries typicallyrequire prior regulatory approval or marketing authorization from large, developed markets (such as the U.S.) before they will initiate or complete theirreview. Some countries also require the applicant to conduct local clinical trials as a condition of marketing authorization. Many emerging markets continueto implement measures to control drug product prices, such as implementing direct price controls or advocating the prescribing and use of generic drugs.EnvironmentalOur operations, like those of other pharmaceutical companies, involve the use of substances regulated under environmental laws, primarily inmanufacturing processes and, as such, we are subject to numerous federal, state, local and non-U.S. environmental protection and health and safety laws andregulations. We cannot provide assurance that we have been or will be in full compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations at alltimes. Certain environmental laws assess strict (i.e., can be imposed regardless of fault) and joint and several liability on current or previous owners of realproperty and current or previous owners or operators of facilities for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous substances or materials atsuch properties or at properties at which parties have disposed of hazardous substances. We have, from time to time, received notification from the EPA andfrom state environmental agencies in the U.S. that conditions at a number of sites where the disposal of hazardous substances requires investigation, cleanupand other possible remedial actions. These agencies may require that we reimburse the government for costs incurred at these sites or otherwise pay for thecost of investigation and cleanup of these sites including compensation for damage to natural resources. We have projects underway at a number of currentand former manufacturing facilities to investigate and remediate environmental contamination resulting from past operations, as further described in Item 3.Legal Proceedings and Note 1917to Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Reporton Form 10-K.Environmental laws are complex, change frequently and generally have become more stringent over time. We believe that our operations currentlycomply in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations, and have planned for future capital and operating expenditures tocomply with these laws and to address liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposures to, hazardous substances. However, we cannot provideassurance that our costs of complying with current or future environmental protection, health and safety laws and regulations will not exceed our estimates orhave a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.Further, we cannot provide assurance that we will not be subject to additional environmental claims for personal injury or cleanup in the future based onour past, present or future business activities. While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of all pending environmental matters, it is reasonably possiblethat there will be a need for future provisions for environmental costs that, in management's opinion, are not likely to have a material adverse effect on ourfinancial condition, but could be material to the results of operations in any one accounting period.Certain radiological licenses at certain manufacturing sites owned by us require the establishment of decommissioning programs which will requireremediation in accordance with regulatory requirements upon cessation of operations at these sites.Raw MaterialsWe contract with various third-party manufacturers and suppliers, most notably related to our Specialty Brands products, to provide us with raw materialsused in our products, finished goods and certain services. If, for any reason, we are unable to obtain sufficient quantities of any of the raw materials, finishedgoods, services or components required for our products, it could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition,results of operations and cash flows.The active ingredients in the majority of our current Specialty Generics products and products in development, including oxycodone, oxymorphone,morphine, fentanyl and hydrocodone, are listed by the DEA as Schedule II or III substances under the CSA. Consequently, their manufacture, shipment,storage, sale and use are subject to a high degree of regulation and the DEA limits both the availability of these active ingredients and the production of theseproducts. As discussed in "Regulatory Matters" within this Item 1. Business, we must annually apply to the DEA for procurement and production quotas inorder to obtain and produce these substances. The DEA has complete discretion to adjust these quotas from time to time during the calendar year and, as aresult, our procurement and production quotas may not be sufficient to meet commercial demand or to conduct bioequivalence studies and clinical trials.Any delay or refusal by the DEA in granting, in whole or in part, our quota requests for controlled substances could delay or result in the stoppage of themanufacture of our pharmaceutical products, our clinical trials or product launches and could require us to allocate product among our customers.Our radiopharmaceutical product offering includes "hot" radioisotopes including Mo-99, a critical ingredient of our Ultra-Technekow DTE Tc-99mgenerators. Mo-99 is produced in nuclear research reactors utilizing HEU or LEU targets. These targets, either tubular or flat and of varying sizes, arefabricated from HEU or LEU and, in either case, are aluminum. The targets are placed in or near the core of the nuclear reactor where fission reactions occurresulting in the production of Mo-99 and other isotopes. This process, which takes approximately six days, is known as target irradiation. There are currentlyeight reactors around the world producing the global supply of Mo-99. We have agreements to obtain Mo-99 from three of these reactors and we relypredominantly on two of these reactors for our Mo-99 supply. These reactors are subject to scheduled and unscheduled shutdowns which can have asignificant impact on the amount of Mo-99 available for processing. Mo-99 produced at these reactors is then finished at one of five processing sites locatedthroughout the world, including our processing facility located in the Netherlands. At the processing facility, the targets are dissolved and chemicallyseparated. In this process, the Mo-99 is isolated as a radiochemical. We transport finished Mo-99 from our processing facility in the Netherlands to ourfacility in Maryland Heights, Missouri, where it, together with Mo-99 received from other third-party processors, is loaded into our Tc-99m generators. Mo-99 has a 66 hour half-life and degrades into, among other things, Tc-99m, which has a half-life of only six hours. The radiopharmacies or hospitals preparedosages from the Tc-99m generators for use in SPECT imaging medical procedures.In November 2012, the High Flux Reactor ("HFR") in the Netherlands, one of two primary reactors we utilize, experienced an unscheduled shutdown. Wewere able to receive increased target irradiations from the two other reactors and purchased additional Mo-99 from other sources to continue meetingcustomer orders; however, the additional Mo-99 we procured from alternative sources came at a higher than normal cost. The HFR resumed production inJune 2013.In October 2013, the HFR experienced another unscheduled shutdown. In addition, our own Mo-99 processing facility in the Netherlands alsoexperienced a shutdown. We received increased target irradiations from other reactors, purchased additional Mo-99 from other sources and outsourced Mo-99processing to continue meeting customer orders; however, the additional Mo-99 and processing services we procured from alternative sources came at ahigher than normal cost. The HFR resumed production of medical isotopes and irradiation of materials in February 2014 and the Mo-99 processing facilityresumed production in April 2014.18In September 2015, the HFR experienced an unscheduled shutdown. We expect this disruption will have minimal impact to patients as we intend toobtain target irradiations from other reactors to meet patient needs. Similar to prior periods, the shutdown is expected to result in higher costs as we obtainirradiations from alternative sources. We expect this disruption will negatively impact operating income by approximately $10.0 million to $15.0 millionduring the first quarter of fiscal 2016, but somewhat less impact is expected in future quarters as the reactor is expected to return to full production in the firsthalf of fiscal 2016. Our Mo-99 processing facility continues to operate as scheduled.Sales, Marketing and CustomersSales and MarketingWe market our branded, generic and nuclear products to physicians (including rheumatologists, neurologists, nephrologists, pulmonologists,neonatologists and surgeons), pharmacists, pharmacy buyers, hospital procurement departments, ambulatory surgical centers, specialty pharmacies,radiologists and radiology technicians. We distribute these products through independent channels, including wholesale drug distributors, specialtypharmaceutical distributors, retail pharmacy chains, hospital networks, ambulatory surgical centers and governmental agencies. In addition, we contract withGPOs and managed care organizations to improve access to our products. We sell and distribute API directly or through distributors to other pharmaceuticalcompanies. In the U.S., we market and distribute our nuclear imaging products to radiopharmacies which, in turn, supply hospitals and standalone imagingcenters with patient-customized doses. Outside the U.S., we market and distribute our nuclear imaging products to hospitals.For further information on our sales and marketing strategies, refer to "Our Businesses and Product Strategies" included within this Item 1. Business.CustomersNet sales to distributors that accounted for more than 10% of our total net sales in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013 were as follows: Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013CuraScript31% 6% —%McKesson Corporation18% 21% 19%Cardinal Health, Inc.14% 22% 24%AmerisourceBergen Corporation9% 14% 11%No other customer accounted for 10% or more of our net sales in the past three fiscal years.Manufacturing and DistributionWe presently have thirteen manufacturing sites, including nine located in the U.S., as well as sites in Canada, Ireland and the Netherlands, which handleproduction, assembly, quality assurance testing, packaging and sterilization of our products. Four of these manufacturing sites relate to our CMDS businessand are to be sold in our transaction with Guerbet, which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal year 2016. We estimate that ourmanufacturing production by region in fiscal 2015 (as measured by cost of production) was as follows:U.S.72%Europe16%Canada12%We maintain distribution centers in 18 countries. In addition, in certain countries outside the U.S. we utilize third-party distribution centers. Productsgenerally are delivered to these distribution centers from our manufacturing facilities and then subsequently delivered to the customer. In some instances,product, such as nuclear medicine, is delivered directly from our manufacturing facility to the customer. We contract with a wide range of transport providersto deliver our products by road, rail, sea and air.We utilize contract manufacturing organizations ("CMOs") to manufacture certain of our finished goods that are available for resale. We most frequentlyutilize CMOs in the manufacture of our Brands products, including Acthar (for finish and filling of the product), Ofirmev and Therakos immunotherapyproducts.19BacklogAt September 25, 2015, the backlog of firm orders was less than 1% of net sales. We anticipate that substantially all of the backlog as of September 25,2015 will be shipped during fiscal 2016.SeasonalityWe have historically experienced fluctuations in our business resulting from seasonality. DEA quotas for raw materials and final dosage products areallocated in each calendar year to companies and may impact our sales until the DEA grants additional quotas, if any. Impacts from quota limitations are mostcommonly experienced during the third and fourth calendar quarters, which represent our fourth and first fiscal quarters, respectively. As a result, net sales ofDEA controlled products have historically been higher during the second and third fiscal quarters as compared with the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Actharhas experienced lower net sales during the first calendar quarter, our second fiscal quarter, which we believe is partially attributable to certain medicalconditions being exacerbated by warm temperatures and effects of annual insurance deductibles. Lastly, we have experienced lower operating cash flowsduring our first fiscal quarter as we pay annual employee compensation and have experienced lower net sales in DEA controlled products. While we haveexperienced these fluctuations in the past, they may not be indicative of what we will experience in the future.EmployeesAt September 25, 2015, we had approximately 5,700 employees, approximately 4,400 of which are based in the U.S. Certain of these employees arerepresented by unions or work councils. We believe that we generally have a good relationship with our employees, and with the unions and work councilsthat represent certain employees.Executive OfficersSet forth below are the names, ages as of November 1, 2015, and current positions of our executive officers.NameAgeTitleMark Trudeau54President, Chief Executive Officer and DirectorMatthew Harbaugh45Senior Vice President and Chief Financial OfficerTerrance Carlson62Senior Vice President and General Counsel - InterimMeredith Fischer62Senior Vice President, Communications and Public AffairsRaymond Furey47Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance OfficerHugh O'Neill52Senior Vice President and President, Autoimmune and Rare DiseasesGary Phillips49Senior Vice President and Chief Strategy OfficerSteven Romano56Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific OfficerFrank Scholz46Senior Vice President of Global OperationsIan Watkins53Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources OfficerSet forth below is a brief description of the position and business experience of each of our executive officers.Mark Trudeau is our President and Chief Executive Officer, and also serves on our board of directors. In anticipation of the Separation, Mr. Trudeaujoined Covidien in February 2012 as a Senior Vice President and President of its Pharmaceuticals business. He joined Covidien from Bayer HealthCarePharmaceuticals LLC USA, the U.S. healthcare business of Bayer AG, where he served as Chief Executive Officer. He simultaneously served as President ofBayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, the U.S. organization of Bayer’s global pharmaceuticals business. In addition, he served as Interim President of the globalspecialty medicine business unit from January to August 2010. Prior to joining Bayer in 2009, Mr. Trudeau headed the Immunoscience Division at Bristol-Myers Squibb. During his 10-plus years at Bristol-Myers Squibb, he served in multiple senior roles, including President of the Asia/Pacific region, Presidentand General Manager of Canada and General Manager/Managing Director in the United Kingdom. Mr. Trudeau was also with Abbott Laboratories, serving ina variety of executive positions, from 1988 to 1998. Mr. Trudeau holds a Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and a M.B.A., both from the Universityof Michigan.Matthew Harbaugh is our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Harbaugh previously served as Vice President, Finance of Covidien’sPharmaceuticals business, a position he had held from July 2008 until June 2013, when Mallinckrodt became an independent public company. He alsoserved as Interim President of Covidien’s Pharmaceuticals business from November 2010 to January 2012. Mr. Harbaugh joined Covidien’s Pharmaceuticalsbusiness in August 2007 as its Vice President and Controller, Global20Finance for the Global Medical Imaging business. Mr. Harbaugh was a Lead Finance Executive with Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. from April 2007until August 2007. Mr. Harbaugh worked for Monsanto from 1997 to 2007 serving in senior U.S. roles in treasury, investor relations, financial planning andanalysis and strategy, in addition to two international assignments in Canada and Argentina.Terrance Carlson is our Senior Vice President and General Counsel - Interim. Mr. Carlson joined Mallinckrodt in June 2015. Since June 2012, Mr.Carlson has been an independent legal advisor focused on the healthcare and medical device space. From 2010 to 2012, Mr. Carlson served as Vice Presidentand General Counsel at Synthes, Inc., a medical device manufacturer. Prior to joining Synthes, he served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel andSecretary of Medtronic, Inc., a medical device manufacturer. Mr. Carlson previously served in senior legal roles at PerkinElmer, Inc. and AlliedSignal Inc.,and as a partner in the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher.Meredith Fischer is our Senior Vice President, Communications and Public Affairs. In anticipation of our spin transaction with Covidien plc Ms. Fischerjoined Covidien in February 2013 as Vice President, Communications and Public Affairs for its Pharmaceuticals business. Ms. Fischer was employed byBayer Corporation from 2001 until February 2013, where she served as Vice President of Communications and Public Policy for Bayer HealthCare and BayerHealthCare Pharmaceuticals, North America. In that role, Ms. Fischer supported Bayer HealthCare’s U.S. pharmaceutical and animal health divisions and thecompany’s global medical care and consumer care businesses. She was also Vice President of Marketing and Communications at Pitney Bowes, where shewas responsible for product marketing, sales communications and the establishment of professional best practices.Raymond Furey is our Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer, a role he assumed in August 2014. Previously, Mr. Furey served QuestcorPharmaceuticals, Inc. as Chief Compliance Officer since October 2011 and as its Senior Vice President since May 23, 2013. Mr. Furey has over 25 years ofexperience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining Questcor, Mr. Furey served as the Corporate Compliance Officer for OSI Pharmaceuticals and priorto OSI, he served 17 years in various capacities for Genentech, including healthcare compliance, commercial operations, finance, regulatory compliance andmanufacturing.Hugh O'Neill is our Senior Vice President and President, Autoimmune and Rare Diseases. From September 2013 to April 2015, he served as Senior VicePresident and President, U.S. Specialty Pharmaceuticals. Prior to joining Mallinckrodt in September 2013, Mr. O’Neill worked at Sanofi-Aventis for ten yearswhere he held various commercial leadership positions including Vice President of Commercial Excellence from June 2012 to July 2013, General Manager,President of Sanofi-Aventis Canada from June 2009 to May 2012, and Vice President Market Access and Business Development from 2006 to 2009. Mr.O’Neill joined Sanofi in 2003 as its Vice President, United States Managed Markets. Mr. O’Neill previously served in a variety of positions of increasingresponsibility for Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, Forest Laboratories, Novartis Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer.Gary Phillips, M.D. is our Senior Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer (a role he also held from October 2013 to August 2014). He served as SeniorVice President and President of our Autoimmune and Rare Disease business from August 2014 to January 2015. Before joining Mallinckrodt, Dr. Phillipsserved as head of Global Health and Healthcare Industries for the World Economic Forum in Geneva, Switzerland from January 2012 to September 2013.Previously, Dr. Phillips served as President of Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals North America from 2011 to 2012, as Head, Portfolio Strategy, BusinessIntelligence and Innovation at Merck Serono from 2008 to 2011, and as President of US Pharmaceuticals and Surgical and Bausch & Lomb from 2002 to2008. Dr. Phillips has also held positions of leadership at Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Wyeth-Ayerst and Gensia Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Phillips serves as adirector of Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. and Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corp.Steven Romano is our Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer. Dr. Romano joined Mallinckrodt in May 2015 and has executive responsibilityfor research and development (R&D), medical affairs and regulatory affairs functions. Dr. Romano is a board-certified psychiatrist with more than 20 years ofexperience in the pharmaceutical industry. Previously, Dr. Romano spent 16 years at Pfizer, Inc. where he held a series of senior medical and R&D roles ofincreasing responsibility, culminating in his most recent position as Senior Vice President, Head, Global Medicines Development, Global InnovativePharmaceuticals Business. Prior to joining Pfizer, he spent four years at Eli Lilly & Co. After receiving his A.B. in Biology from Washington University in St.Louis and his medical degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia, Dr. Romano completed his residency and fellowship at New York Hospital-CornellMedical Center, continuing on the faculty of the medical school for six additional years.Frank Scholz is our Senior Vice President of Global Operations. He joined Mallinckrodt in March 2014. His responsibilities include globalmanufacturing operations, quality, procurement and supply chain, in addition to leading the global operations transformation. Prior to joining Mallinckrodt,Dr. Scholz was a partner with McKinsey & Co, a global management consulting firm first in its Hamburg, Germany office and then in its Chicago, Illinoisoffice. Dr. Scholz was a leader in McKinsey’s global pharmaceutical and operations practices. He joined McKinsey in 1997. Prior to joining McKinsey, Dr.Scholz was a research assistant at the Institute for Management and Accounting at the University of Hanover, Germany. Ian Watkins is our Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer. Mr. Watkins joined Covidien’s Pharmaceuticals business in September2012 as the Chief Human Resources Officer. Mr. Watkins served as Vice President, Global Human Resources at Synthes, Inc. from June 2007 to September2012, which was acquired by Johnson & Johnson. Mr. Watkins served as Senior Vice President, Human Resources from 2003 to 2006 for Andrx Corporation,which is now part of Allergan, Inc. (formerly Actavis, Inc. and Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc.)21Available InformationOur website address is www.mallinckrodt.com. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by referenceinto, this filing. We make available to the public on our website, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, CurrentReports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon asreasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our reports filedwith, or furnished to, the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E. Washington, DC 20549. Investors may obtaininformation on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. These filings are also available on the SEC's website atwww.sec.gov.We use our website at www.mallinckrodt.com as a channel of distribution of important company information, such as press releases, investorpresentations and other financial information. We also use our website to expedite public access to time-critical information regarding our company inadvance of or in lieu of distributing a press release or a filing with the SEC disclosing the same information. Therefore, investors should look to the InvestorRelations page of our website for important and time-critical information. Visitors to our website can also register to receive automatic e-mail and othernotifications alerting them when new information is made available on the Investor Relations page of our website.22Item 1A.Risk Factors.You should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to all other information provided to you in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Ourcompetitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be affected by the factors set forth below, any one of whichcould cause our actual results to vary materially from recent results or from our anticipated future results. The risks and uncertainties described below arethose that we currently believe may materially affect our company.Risks Related to Our BusinessWe operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control. The following discussionhighlights some of these risks and others are discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These and other risks could have a material adverseeffect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.Extensive laws and regulations govern the industry in which we operate and changes to those laws and regulations may materially adversely affect us.The development, manufacture, marketing, sale, promotion, and distribution of our products are subject to comprehensive government regulation thatgoverns and influences the development, testing, manufacturing, processing, packaging, holding, record keeping, safety, efficacy, approval, advertising,promotion, sale, distribution and import/export of our products. Under these laws and regulations, we are subject to periodic inspection of our facilities,procedures and operations and/or the testing of our products by the FDA, the DEA and similar authorities within and outside the U.S., which conduct periodicinspections to confirm that we are in compliance with all applicable requirements. If we are found to have violated one or more applicable laws orregulations, we could be subject to a variety of fines, penalties, and related administrative sanctions, and our competitive position, business, financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. We are also required to report adverse events associated with ourproducts to the FDA and other regulatory authorities. Unexpected or serious health or safety concerns associated with our products, including Acthar, couldresult in reduced sales of the affected products, product liability claims, labeling changes, recalls, market withdrawals or other regulatory actions, includingwithdrawal of product approvals, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows.In addition, changes in laws, regulations and regulatory actions could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows.We may be unable to identify, acquire or close acquisition targets successfully.Part of our business strategy includes evaluating potential business development opportunities to grow the business through merger, acquisition or otherbusiness combinations. The process to evaluate potential targets may be complex, time-consuming and expensive. Once a potential target is identified, wemay not be able to conclude negotiations of a potential transaction on terms that are satisfactory to us, which could result in a significant diversion ofmanagement and other employee time, as well as substantial out-of-pocket costs. In addition, there are a number of risks and uncertainties relating to ourability to close a potential transaction.Any acquisitions of technologies, products and businesses, including our recently completed acquisition of Therakos, may be difficult to integrate in theexpected time frame and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and the results of operations.We regularly review potential acquisitions of technologies, products and businesses complementary to our business. Acquisitions typically entail manyrisks and could result in difficulties in integrating operations, personnel, technologies and products. If we are not able to successfully integrate ouracquisitions in the expected time frame, we may not obtain the advantages and synergies that such acquisitions were intended to create, which may have amaterial adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Moreover, the due diligence that weconduct in conjunction with an acquisition may not sufficiently discover risks and contingent liabilities associated with the acquisition target and,consequently, we may consummate an acquisition for which the risks and contingent liabilities are greater than were projected. In addition, in connectionwith acquisitions, we could experience disruption in our business, technology and information systems, and our customers, licensors, suppliers andemployees and may face difficulties in managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company. There is also a risk that keyemployees of companies that we acquire or key employees necessary to successfully commercialize technologies and products that we acquire may seekemployment elsewhere, including23with our competitors. Furthermore, there may be overlap between our products or customers and the companies which we acquire that may create conflicts inrelationships or other commitments detrimental to the integrated businesses. Additionally, the time between our expenditures to acquire new products,technologies or businesses and the subsequent generation of revenues from those acquired products, technologies or businesses (or the timing of revenuerecognition related to licensing agreements and/or strategic collaborations) could cause fluctuations in our financial performance from period to period.Finally, if we are unable to successfully integrate products, technologies, businesses or personnel that we acquire, we could incur significant impairmentcharges or other adverse financial consequences. Many of these factors are outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs,decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy, which could materially impact our business, financialcondition and results of operations.We have significant levels of goodwill and intangible assets which utilize our future projections of cash flows in impairment testing. Should we experienceunfavorable variances from these projections these assets may have an increased risk of future impairment charges.Our recent acquisitions have significantly increased goodwill and intangible assets, which were $3,649.4 million and $9,666.3 million, respectively, atSeptember 25, 2015. At least annually, we review the carrying value of our goodwill and non-amortizing intangible assets, and for amortizing intangibleassets when indicators of impairment are present. Conditions that could indicate impairment and necessitate an evaluation of goodwill and/or intangibleassets include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in the business climate, legal or regulatory environment, or the deterioration of our marketcapitalization.In performing our impairment tests, we utilize our future projections of cash flows. Projections of future cash flows are inherently subjective and reflectassumptions that may or may not ultimately be realized. Significant assumptions utilized in our projections include, but are not limited to, our evaluation ofthe market opportunity for our products, the current and future competitive landscape and resulting impacts to product pricing, future regulatory actions orthe lack thereof, planned strategic initiatives, the ability to achieve cost synergies from acquisitions, the realization of benefits associated with our existingand anticipated patents and regulatory approvals. Given the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty in projections, we could experience significantunfavorable variances in future periods or revise our projections downward. This would result in an increased risk that that our goodwill and intangible assetsmay be impaired. If an impairment were recognized, this could have a material impact to our financial condition and results of operations.We may be unable to successfully develop or commercialize new products or expand commercial opportunities for existing products or adapt to achanging technology and diagnostic treatment landscape and, as a result, our results of operations may suffer.Our future results of operations will depend, to a significant extent, upon our ability to successfully develop and commercialize new products or expandcommercial opportunities for existing products in a timely manner. There are numerous difficulties in developing and commercializing new products,including:•developing, testing and manufacturing products in compliance with regulatory and quality standards in a timely manner;•receiving requisite regulatory approvals for such products in a timely manner, or at all;•the availability, on commercially reasonable terms, of raw materials, including API and other key ingredients;•developing and commercializing a new product is time-consuming, costly and subject to numerous factors, including legal actions brought byour competitors, that may delay or prevent the development and commercialization of new products;•unanticipated costs;•payment of prescription drug user fees to the FDA to defray the costs of review and approval of marketing applications for branded and genericdrugs;•experiencing delays as a result of limited resources at the FDA or other regulatory authorities;•changing review and approval policies and standards at the FDA or other regulatory authorities; •potential delays in the commercialization of generic products by up to 30 months resulting from the listing of patents with the FDA; and•effective execution of the product launches in a manner that is consistent with anticipated costs.24As a result of these and other difficulties, products currently in development by us may or may not receive timely regulatory approvals, or approvals atall, as to one or more dosage strengths. This risk is heightened with respect to the development of proprietary branded products due to the uncertainties,higher costs and length of time associated with R&D of such products and the inherent unproven market acceptance of such products. Moreover, the FDAregulates the facilities, processes and procedures used to manufacture and market pharmaceutical products in the U.S. Manufacturing facilities must beregistered with the FDA and all products made in such facilities must be manufactured in accordance with cGMP regulations enforced by the FDA.Compliance with cGMP regulations requires the dedication of substantial resources and requires significant expenditures. The FDA periodically inspectsboth our facilities and procedures to ensure compliance. The FDA may cause a suspension or withdrawal of product approvals if regulatory standards are notmaintained. In the event an approved manufacturing facility for a particular drug is required by the FDA to curtail or cease operations, or otherwise becomesinoperable, obtaining the required FDA authorization to manufacture at the same or a different manufacturing site could result in production delays, whichcould have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.With respect to generic products for which we are the first developer to have its application accepted for filing by the FDA, and which filing includes acertification that the applicable patent(s) are invalid, unenforceable and/or not infringed (known as a "Paragraph IV certification"), our ability to obtain andrealize the full benefits of 180-days of market exclusivity is dependent upon a number of factors, including, for example, being the first to file, the status ofany litigation that might be brought against us as a result of our filing or our not meeting regulatory, manufacturing or quality requirements or standards. Ifany of our products are not timely approved, or if we are unable to obtain and realize the full benefits of market exclusivity period for our products, or if ourproducts cannot be successfully manufactured or timely commercialized, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, wecannot guarantee that any investment we make in developing products will be recouped, even if we are successful in commercializing those products.Finally, once developed and approved, new products may fail to achieve commercial acceptance due to the price of the product, third-party reimbursement ofthe product and the effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts to support the product.We may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights, intellectual property rights may be limited or we may be subject to claims that we infringe onthe intellectual property rights of others.We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, proprietary know-how, market exclusivity gained from the regulatory approval processand other intellectual property to support our business strategy, most notably in relation to Acthar, Ofirmev, Inomax and Therakos immunotherapy products.However, our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient. If we do not obtain sufficient protection for our intellectual property, orif we are unable to effectively enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitiveness could be impaired, which could adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.The composition patent for Acthar has expired and we have no patent-based market exclusivity with respect to any indication or condition we mighttarget. We rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how to protect the commercial viability and value of Acthar. We currently obtain such protection, inpart, through confidentiality and proprietary information agreements. These agreements may not provide meaningful protection or adequate remedies forproprietary technology in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential and proprietary information. The parties may not comply with or maybreach these agreements. Furthermore, our trade secrets may otherwise become known to, or be independently developed by, competitors.The active ingredient in Ofirmev is acetaminophen. Patent protection is not available for the acetaminophen molecule itself in the territories licensed tous, which include the U.S. and Canada. As a result, competitors who obtain the requisite regulatory approval can offer products with the same activeingredient as Ofirmev so long as the competitors do not infringe any process or formulation patents that Cadence has in-licensed from Bristol-Myers SquibbCompany ("BMS") and its licensor, SCR Pharmatop S.A. ("Pharmatop") or that we subsequently obtain.Certain patents related to the use of therapeutic nitric oxide for treating or preventing bronchoconstriction or reversible pulmonary vasoconstrictionexpired in 2013. Prior to their expiration, Ikaria, Inc. ("Ikaria") depended, in part, upon these patents to provide it with exclusive marketing rights for itsproduct for some period of time. Ikaria has obtained new patents, which expire at various dates through 2031, on methods of identifying patients at risk ofserious adverse events when nitric oxide is administered to patients with particular heart conditions which the FDA has approved for inclusion on the Inomaxwarning label, and that may have the effect of inhibiting development of competitive generic products.Extracorporeal photopheresis is autologous immune cell therapy for skin manifestations of CTCL. In the ECP process, blood is drawn from the patient,the leukocytes are separated, and the plasma and red blood cells are immediately returned to the patient. The separated leukocytes are treated with UVADEXfollowed by UVA radiation in the photopheresis instrument. Patents related to the methoxsalen composition have expired. UVADEX is sold as a sterilesolution of 20 mcg/mL in 10 mL amber glass vials and is approved to be used in combination with the Therakos ECP Systems to extracorporeally treatleukocytes. Therakos manufactures two systems, the CELLEX® Photopheresis System ("CELLEX"), which is the only FDA-approved closed ECP system, andthe25UVAR XTS® Photopheresis System ("UVAR XTS"). In addition, disposable, sterile kits are supplied to be used with each of the systems. The kits are singleuse and discarded after a treatment. Certain key patents related to the UVAR XTS system, disposable kit and overall photopheresis method expire in 2020.Key patents related to the CELLEX system, disposable kit and overall photopheresis method expire in 2023. We continue to pursue additional patentableenhancements to the Therakos ECP system. A patent application was filed in 2015 relating to improvements to the CELLEX system, disposable kit andoverall photopheresis method, that if approved may offer patent protection through approximately 2035.Our pending patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents, or the patents issued to or licensed by us in the past or in the future may bechallenged or circumvented by competitors. Existing patents may be found to be invalid or insufficiently broad to preclude our competitors from usingmethods or making or selling products similar or identical to those covered by our patents and patent applications. Regulatory agencies may refuse to grantus the market exclusivity that we were anticipating, or may unexpectedly grant market exclusivity rights to other parties. In addition, our ability to obtainand enforce intellectual property rights is limited by the unique laws of each country. In some countries it may be particularly difficult to adequately obtainor enforce intellectual property rights, which could make it easier for competitors to capture market share in such countries by utilizing technologies andproduct features that are similar or identical to those developed or licensed by us. Competitors also may harm our sales by designing products that mirror thecapabilities of our products or technology without infringing our patents. Competitors may diminish the value of our trade secrets by reverse engineering orby independent invention. Additionally, current or former employees may improperly disclose such trade secrets to competitors or other third parties. Wemay not become aware of any such improper disclosure, and, in the event we do become aware, we may not have an adequate remedy available to us.We operate in an industry characterized by extensive patent litigation, and we may from time to time be a party to such litigation. Such litigation andrelated matters are described in Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated and Combined financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements andSupplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.The pursuit of or defense against patent infringement is costly and time-consuming and we may not know the outcomes of such litigation for protractedperiods of time. We may be unsuccessful in our efforts to enforce our patent or other intellectual property rights. In addition, patent litigation can result insignificant damage awards, including the possibility of treble damages and injunctions. Additionally, we could be forced to stop manufacturing and sellingcertain products, or we may need to enter into license agreements that require us to make significant royalty or up-front payments in order to continue sellingthe affected products. Given the nature of our industry, we are likely to face additional claims of patent infringement in the future. A successful claim ofpatent or other intellectual property infringement against us could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition,results of operations and cash flows.The DEA regulates the availability of controlled substances that are API, drug products under development and marketed drug products. At times, theprocurement and manufacturing quotas granted by the DEA may be insufficient to meet our commercial and R&D needs.The DEA is the U.S. federal agency responsible for domestic enforcement of the CSA. The CSA classifies drugs and other substances based on identifiedpotential for abuse. Schedule I controlled substances, such as heroin and LSD, have a high abuse potential and have no currently accepted medical use; thus,they cannot be lawfully marketed or sold. Schedule II controlled substances include molecules such as oxycodone, oxymorphone, morphine, fentanyl, andhydrocodone. The manufacture, storage, distribution and sale of these controlled substances are permitted, but highly regulated. The DEA regulates theavailability of API, products under development and marketed drug products that are Schedule II by setting annual quotas. Every year, we must apply to theDEA for manufacturing quota to manufacture API and procurement quota to manufacture finished dosage products. Given that the DEA has discretion togrant or deny our manufacturing and procurement quota requests, the quota the DEA grants may be insufficient to meet our commercial and R&D needs. Todate in calendar 2015, manufacturing and procurement quotas granted by the DEA have been sufficient to meet our sales and inventory requirements on mostproducts. However, during calendar 2012, the initial hydrocodone manufacturing and procurement quota grants we received from the DEA were below theamounts requested and were insufficient to meet customer demand. While we were granted additional quota, these shortfalls did result in lost sales ofhydrocodone products, the amount of which was not significant. Future delay or refusal by the DEA to grant, in whole or in part, our quota requests coulddelay or result in stopping the manufacture of our marketed drug products, new product launches or the conduct of bioequivalence studies and clinical trials.Such delay or refusal also could require us to allocate marketed drug products among our customers. These factors, along with any delay or refusal by theDEA to provide customers who purchase API from us with sufficient quota, could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business,financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.26Our customer concentration may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.We sell a significant amount of our products to a limited number of independent wholesale drug distributors, large pharmacy chains and specialtypharmaceutical distributors. In turn, these wholesale drug distributors, large pharmacy chains and specialty pharmaceutical distributors supply products topharmacies, hospitals, governmental agencies and physicians. Sales to four of our distributors that supply our products to many end user customers,AmerisourceBergen, Cardinal Health, Inc., CuraScript Inc. and McKesson Corporation, each accounted for 10% or more of our total net sales in at least one ofthe past three fiscal years. If we were to lose the business of these distributors, if these distributors failed to fulfill their obligations, or if these distributors wereto experience difficulty in paying us on a timely basis, this could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition,results of operations and cash flows.Our product concentration may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.We sell a wide variety of products including branded pharmaceuticals, branded biopharmaceuticals and specialty generic pharmaceuticals, API andnuclear imaging agents. However, our fiscal 2015 and 2014 acquisitions brought a small number of relatively significant products, most notably Acthar andto a lesser extent, Ofirmev and Inomax, that represent a significant percentage of our net sales. Our ability to maintain and increase net sales from theseproducts depends on several factors, including:•our ability to increase market demand for products through our own marketing and support of our sales force;•our ability to implement and maintain pricing and continue to maintain or increase market volume demand for these products;•our ability to maintain confidentiality of the proprietary know-how and trade secrets relating to Acthar;•our ability to maintain and defend the patent protection and regulatory exclusivity of Ofirmev and Inomax;•our ability to continue to procure raw materials or finished goods, as applicable, of Acthar, Ofirmev, Inomax and Therakos immunotherapyfrom internal and third-party manufacturers in sufficient quantities and at acceptable quality and pricing levels in order to meet commercialdemand;•our ability to maintain fees and discounts payable to the wholesalers and distributors and group purchasing organizations, at commerciallyreasonable levels;•whether the FTC, DOJ or third parties seek to challenge and are successful in challenging patents or patent-related settlement agreements orour sales and marketing practices;•warnings or limitations that may be required to be added to FDA-approved labeling;•the occurrence of adverse side effects related to or emergence of new information related to the therapeutic efficacy of these products, andany resulting product liability claims or product recalls; and•our ability to achieve hospital formulary acceptance, and maintain reimbursement levels by third-party payers.Moreover, net sales of Acthar may also be materially impacted by the decrease in the relatively small number of prescriptions written for Acthar ascompared to other products in our portfolio, given Acthar’s use in treating rare diseases. Any disruption in our ability to generate net sales from Acthar couldhave an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.Cost-containment efforts of our customers, purchasing groups, third-party payers and governmental organizations could materially adversely affect ournet sales and results of operations.In an effort to reduce cost, many existing and potential customers for our products within the U.S. have become members of GPOs and integrated deliverynetworks ("IDNs"). GPOs and IDNs negotiate pricing arrangements with healthcare product manufacturers and distributors and offer the negotiated prices toaffiliated hospitals and other members. GPOs and IDNs typically award contracts on a category-by-category basis through a competitive bidding process.Bids are generally solicited from multiple manufacturers with the intention of driving down pricing. Due to the highly competitive nature of the GPO andIDN contracting processes, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain or maintain contracts with major GPOs and IDNs across our product portfolio.Furthermore, the increasing leverage of organized buying groups may reduce market prices for our products, thereby reducing our profitability. While havinga contract with a GPO or IDN for a given product can facilitate sales to members of that GPO or IDN, having a contract is no assurance that sales volume ofthose products will be maintained. GPOs and IDNs increasingly are awarding contracts to multiple suppliers for the same product category. Even when we arethe sole contracted supplier of a GPO or IDN for a certain product, members of the GPO or IDN generally are free to purchase from other suppliers.27Furthermore, GPO and IDN contracts typically are terminable without cause upon 60 to 90 days prior notice. Accordingly, our net sales and results ofoperations may be negatively affected by the loss of a contract with a GPO or IDN. In addition, although we have contracts with many major GPOs and IDNs,the members of such groups may choose to purchase from our competitors, which could result in a decline in our net sales and results of operations.Distributors of our products are also forming strategic alliances and negotiating terms of sale more aggressively in an effort to increase their profitability.Failure to negotiate distribution arrangements having advantageous pricing and other terms of sale could cause us to lose market share to our competitors andcould have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Outside the U.S., we haveexperienced pricing pressure due to the concentration of purchasing power in centralized governmental healthcare authorities and increased efforts by suchauthorities to lower healthcare costs. We frequently are required to engage in competitive bidding for the sale of our products to governmental purchasingagents. Our failure to offer acceptable prices to these customers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations andcash flows.Sales of our products are affected by the reimbursement practices of public and private insurers. In addition, reimbursement criteria or policies and the useof tender systems outside the U.S. could reduce prices for our products or reduce our market opportunities.Sales of our products, depend, in part, on the extent to which the costs of our products are reimbursed by governmental health administration authorities,private health coverage insurers and other third-party payers. The ability of patients to obtain appropriate reimbursement for products and services from thesethird-party payers affects the selection of products they purchase and the prices they are willing to pay. In the U.S., there have been, and we expect there willcontinue to be, a number of state and federal proposals that limit the amount that third-party payers may pay to reimburse the cost of drugs, for example withrespect to Acthar. We believe the increasing emphasis on managed care in the U.S. has and will continue to put pressure on the usage and reimbursement ofActhar.Reimbursement of highly-specialized products, such as Acthar, is typically reviewed and approved or denied on a patient-by-patient, case-by-case basis,after careful review of details regarding a patient’s health and treatment history that is provided to the insurance carriers through a prior authorizationsubmission, and appeal submission, if applicable. During this case-by-case review, the reviewer may refer to coverage guidelines issued by that carrier. Thesecoverage guidelines are subject to on-going review by insurance carriers. Because of the large number of carriers, there are a large number of guidelineupdates issued each year.In addition, demand for new products may be limited unless we obtain reimbursement approval from governmental and private third-party payers prior tointroduction. Reimbursement criteria, which vary by country, are becoming increasingly stringent and require management expertise and significantattention to obtain and maintain qualification for reimbursement.In addition, a number of markets in which we operate have implemented or may implement tender systems in an effort to lower prices. Under such tendersystems, manufacturers submit bids which establish prices for products. The company that wins the tender receives preferential reimbursement for a period oftime. Accordingly, the tender system often results in companies underbidding one another by proposing low pricing in order to win the tender. Certain othercountries may consider implementation of a tender system. Even if a tender system is ultimately not implemented, the anticipation of such could result inprice reductions. Failing to win tenders, or the implementation of similar systems in other markets leading to price declines, could have a material adverseeffect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.We are unable to predict what additional legislation or regulation or changes in third party coverage and reimbursement policies may be enacted orissued in the future or what effect such legislation, regulation and policy changes would have on our business.Clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy for Acthar are limited. The absence of such clinical trial data could cause physicians not to prescribe Acthar,which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.Our net sales of Acthar, which has and is expected to comprise a significant portion of our overall product portfolio, could be negatively impacted by thelevel of clinical data available on the product. Acthar was originally approved by the FDA in 1952, prior to the enactment of the 1962 Kefauver HarrisAmendment, or the “Drug Efficacy Amendment,” to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. This Amendment introduced the requirement that drug manufacturersprovide proof of the effectiveness (in addition to the previously required proof of safety) of their drugs in order to obtain FDA approval. As such, the FDA’soriginal approval in 1952 was based on safety data as clinical trials evaluating efficacy were not then required. In the 1970s, the FDA reviewed the safety andefficacy of Acthar during its approval of Acthar for the treatment of acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis and evaluated all other previous indications onthe label through the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (“DESI”) process. In this process, the medical and scientific merits of the label and each indicationon the label were evaluated based on publications, information from sponsors, and the judgment of the FDA. The label obtained after the DESI review and theaddition of the multiple sclerosis indication is the Acthar label that was used until the most recent changes in 2010.28In 2010, in connection with its review of a supplemental NDA for use of Acthar in treatment of infantile spasms, the FDA again reviewed evidence ofsafety and efficacy of Acthar, and added the IS indication to the label of approved indications while maintaining approval of Acthar for treatment of acuteexacerbations in multiple sclerosis and 17 other indications. In conjunction with its decision to retain these 19 indications on a modernized Acthar label, theFDA eliminated approximately 30 other indications from the label. The FDA review included a medical and scientific review of Acthar and each indicationand an evaluation of available clinical and non-clinical literature as of the date of the review. The FDA did not require additional clinical trials for Acthar.Accordingly, evidence of efficacy is based on physician's clinical experience with Acthar and does not include clinical trials except for the multiplesclerosis and infantile spasms indications. Despite recent increases in Acthar prescriptions for several of its on-label indications, this limited clinical data ofefficacy could impact future sales of Acthar. We have initiated Phase 4 clinical trials to supplement the non-clinical evidence supporting the use of Acthar inthe treatment of the on-label indications of idiopathic membranous nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus. The completion of such ongoing orfuture clinical trials to provide further evidence on the efficacy of Acthar in the treatment of its approved indications could take several years to complete andwill require the expenditure of significant time and financial and management resources. Such clinical trials may not result in data that supports the use ofActhar to treat any of its approved indications. In addition, a clinical trial to evaluate the use of Acthar to treat indications not on the current Acthar labelmay not provide a basis to pursue adding such indications to the current Acthar label.Our reporting and payment obligations under the Medicare and Medicaid rebate programs, and other governmental purchasing and rebate programs, arecomplex. Any determination of failure to comply with these obligations or those relating to healthcare fraud and abuse laws could have a material adverseeffect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.The regulations regarding reporting and payment obligations with respect to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs, and rebates and othergovernmental programs, are complex. Because our processes for these calculations and the judgments used in making these calculations involve subjectivedecisions and complex methodologies, these accruals may have a higher inherent risk for material changes in estimates. In addition, they are subject toreview and challenge by the applicable governmental agencies, and it is possible that such reviews could result in material adjustments to amountspreviously paid.Any governmental agencies that have commenced, or may commence, an investigation of Mallinckrodt relating to the sales, marketing, pricing, qualityor manufacturing of pharmaceutical products could seek to impose, based on a claim of violation of fraud and false claims laws or otherwise, civil and/orcriminal sanctions, including fines, penalties and possible exclusion from federal healthcare programs including Medicare and Medicaid. Some of theapplicable laws may impose liability even in the absence of specific intent to defraud. Furthermore, should there be ambiguity with regard to how to properlycalculate and report payments, and even in the absence of any such ambiguity, a governmental authority may take a position contrary to a position we havetaken, and may impose civil and/or criminal sanctions. For example, from time to time, state attorneys general have brought cases against us that allegegenerally that we and numerous other pharmaceuticals companies reported false pricing information in connection with certain drugs that are reimbursableunder Medicaid, resulting in overpayment by state Medicaid programs for those drugs, and generally seek monetary damages and attorneys' fees. Forexample, we are named as a defendant in State of Utah v. Actavis US, Inc., et al., filed May 8, 2008, which is pending in the Third Judicial Circuit of SaltLake County, Utah. While we intend to contest this case and explore other options as appropriate, any such penalties or sanctions that we might becomesubject to in this or other actions could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations andcash flows.We may not achieve the anticipated benefits of price increases enacted on our pharmaceutical products, which may adversely affect our business.From time to time, we may initiate price increases on certain of our pharmaceutical products. There is no guarantee that our customers will be receptive tothese price increases and continue to purchase the products at historical quantities. If customers do not maintain or increase existing sales volumes after priceincreases are enacted, and we are unable to replace lost sales with orders from other customers, it could have a material adverse effect on our competitiveposition, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.29We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of our restructuring activities and our restructuring activities may adversely affect our business.From time to time, we initiate restructuring activities as we continue to realign our cost structure due to the changing nature of our business and look foropportunities to achieve operating efficiencies that will reduce costs. We may not be able to obtain the cost savings and benefits that were initiallyanticipated when we launched our restructuring program. Additionally, as a result of our restructuring activities we may experience a loss of continuity, lossof accumulated knowledge and/or inefficiency during transitional periods. Reorganizations and restructurings can require a significant amount ofmanagement and other employees' time and focus, which may divert attention from operating and growing our business. If we fail to achieve some or all ofthe expected benefits of our restructuring activities, it could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, resultsof operations and cash flows.The manufacture of our products is highly exacting and complex, and our business could suffer if we, or our suppliers, encounter manufacturing or supplyproblems.The manufacture of our products is highly exacting and complex, due in part to strict regulatory and manufacturing requirements. Problems may ariseduring manufacturing for a variety of reasons including equipment malfunction, failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, defective raw materialsand environmental factors. If a batch of finished product fails to meet quality standards during a production run, then that entire batch of product may have tobe discarded. These problems could lead to backorders, increased costs (including contractual damages for failure to meet supply requirements), lost revenue,damage to customer relationships, time and expense spent investigating, correcting and preventing the root causes and, depending on the root causes, similarlosses with respect to other products. If manufacturing problems are not discovered before the product is released to the market, we also could incur productrecall and product liability costs. If we incur a product recall or product liability costs involving one of our products, such product could receive reducedmarket acceptance and thus reduced product demand and could harm our reputation and our ability to market our products in the future. Significantmanufacturing problems could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.We face significant competition and may not be able to compete effectively.The industries in which we operate are highly competitive. Competition takes many forms, such as price reductions on products that are comparable toour own, development, acquisition or in-licensing of new products that may be more cost-effective than or have performance superior to our products, and theintroduction of generic versions when our proprietary products lose their patent protection or market exclusivity. This competition may limit theeffectiveness of any price increases we initiate. Following any price increase by us, competitors may elect to maintain a lower price point that may result in adecline in our sales volume. We are currently experiencing and expect continued increased competition in our Specialty Generics segment, such that webelieve fiscal 2016 net sales in this segment will decrease approximately 15% to 20% compared with fiscal 2015 results. For further discussion on thecompetitive nature of our business, as well as the intellectual property rights and market exclusivity that play a key role in our business, refer to Item 1.Business included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our failure to compete effectively could have a material adverse effect on our competitiveposition, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.We may incur product liability losses and other litigation liability.We are or may be involved in various legal proceedings and certain government inquiries and investigations, including with respect to, but not limitedto, patent infringement, product liability, antitrust matters, securities class action lawsuits, breach of contract, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement claims,promotional practices and compliance with laws relating to the manufacturing and sale of controlled substances, such as those relating to the operation of asuspicious order monitoring program. Such proceedings, inquiries and investigations may involve claims for, or the possibility of, fines and penaltiesinvolving substantial amounts of money or other relief, including but not limited to civil or criminal fines and penalties, changes in business practices andexclusion from participation in various government healthcare-related programs. If any of these legal proceedings, inquiries or investigations were to result inan adverse outcome, the impact could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cashflows.With respect to product liability and clinical trial risks, in the ordinary course of business we are subject to liability claims and lawsuits, includingpotential class actions, alleging that our marketed products or products in development have caused, or could cause, serious adverse events or other injury.Any such claim brought against us, with or without merit, could be costly to defend and could result in an increase in our insurance premiums. We retainliability for $12.5 million per claim of the first $25 million of a loss in our primary liability policies and purchase an additional $150 million using acombination of umbrella/excess liability30policies. We believe this coverage level is adequate to address our current risk exposure. However, some claims brought against us might not be covered byour insurance policies. Moreover, where the claim is covered by our insurance, if our insurance coverage is inadequate, we would have to pay the amount ofany settlement or judgment that is in excess of our policy limits. We may not be able to obtain insurance on terms acceptable to us or at all since insurancevaries in cost and can be difficult to obtain. Our failure to maintain adequate insurance coverage or successfully defend against product liability claims couldhave a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.We are involved in an ongoing government investigation by the United States Department of Justice involving Questcor’s promotional practices andrelated matters, the results of which may have a material adverse effect on our sales, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.In September 2012, Questcor received a subpoena from the United States Attorney’s Office ("USAO") for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, requestingdocuments pertaining to an investigation of its promotional practices. Additionally, the USAO for the Southern District of New York and the SEC are alsoparticipating in the investigation to review Questcor’s promotional practices and related matters. We are cooperating with the USAO and the SEC with regardto this investigation.If some of Questcor’s existing business practices are challenged as unlawful, we may have to change those practices, which could have a material adverseeffect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If, as a result of this investigation, we are found to have violated one or more applicablelaws, we could be subject to a variety of fines, penalties, and related administrative sanctions, and our business, financial condition and results of operationscould be materially adversely affected.Our operations expose us to the risk of material health, safety and environmental liabilities, litigation and violations.We are subject to numerous federal, state, local and non-U.S. environmental protection and health and safety laws and regulations governing, amongother things:•the generation, storage, use and transportation of hazardous materials;•emissions or discharges of substances into the environment;•investigation and remediation of hazardous substances or materials at various sites;•chemical constituents in products and end-of-life disposal, mandatory recycling and take-back programs; and•the health and safety of our employees.We may not have been, or we may not at all times be, in full compliance with environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. In the event aregulatory authority concludes that we are not in full compliance with these laws, we could be fined, criminally charged or otherwise sanctioned.Environmental laws are becoming more stringent, including outside the U.S., resulting in increased costs and compliance burdens.Certain environmental laws assess liability on current or previous owners of real property and current or previous owners or operators of facilities for thecosts of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous substances or materials at such properties or at properties at which parties have disposed ofhazardous substances. Liability for investigative, removal and remedial costs under certain federal and state laws is retroactive, strict (i.e., can be imposedregardless of fault) and joint and several. In addition to cleanup actions brought by governmental authorities, private parties could bring personal injury orother claims due to the presence of, or exposure to, hazardous substances. Certain radiological licenses at certain manufacturing sites owned by us require theestablishment of decommissioning programs which will require remediation in accordance with regulatory requirements upon cessation of operations at suchsites. The costs under these programs may exceed amounts we have accrued as asset retirement obligations. We have received notification from the EPA andsimilar state environmental agencies that conditions at a number of sites where the disposal of hazardous substances requires investigation, cleanup and otherpossible remedial action. These agencies may require that we reimburse the government for its costs incurred at these sites or otherwise pay for the costs ofinvestigation and cleanup of these sites, including by providing compensation for natural resource damage claims arising from such sites.In the ordinary course of our business planning process, we take into account our known environmental matters as we plan for our future capitalrequirements and operating expenditures. The ultimate cost of site cleanup and timing of future cash outflows is difficult to predict, given the uncertaintiesregarding the extent of the required cleanup, the interpretation of applicable laws and regulations, and alternative cleanup methodsWe concluded that, as of September 25, 2015, it was probable that we would incur remedial costs in the range of $39.8 million to $113.1 million. Wealso concluded that, as of September 25, 2015, the best estimate within this range was $76.5 million. For further information on our environmentalobligations, refer to Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated31and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based uponinformation known to date, we believe our current capital and operating plans are adequate to address costs associated with the investigation, cleanup andpotential remedial action for our known environmental matters.While we have planned for future capital and operating expenditures to comply with environmental laws, our costs of complying with current or futureenvironmental protection and health and safety laws and regulations, or our liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposures to, hazardoussubstances may exceed our estimates or could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operationsand cash flows. We may also be subject to additional environmental claims for personal injury or cost recovery actions for remediation of facilities in thefuture based on our past, present or future business activities.If we are unable to retain our key personnel, we may be unable to maintain or expand our business.Because of the specialized scientific nature of our business, our ability to develop products and to compete with our current and future competitors willremain highly dependent, in large part, upon our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical, regulatory and commercial personnel. The loss ofkey scientific, technical, regulatory and commercial personnel, or the failure to recruit additional key scientific, technical, regulatory and commercialpersonnel, could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. There isintense competition for qualified personnel in the areas of our activities, and we may not be able to continue to attract and retain the qualified personnelnecessary for the development of our business.Our global operations expose us to risks and challenges associated with conducting business internationally.We operate globally with offices or activities in Europe, Africa, Asia, South America, Australia and North America. We face several risks inherent inconducting business internationally, including compliance with international and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations. Theselaws and regulations include data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, import and trade restrictions, exportrequirements, U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and local laws which also prohibit corrupt payments to governmental officials orcertain payments or remunerations to customers. Given the high level of complexity of these laws, there is a risk that some provisions may be violated, forexample inadvertently or through fraudulent or negligent behavior of individual employees, our failure to comply with certain formal documentationrequirements or otherwise. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines or criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, andprohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products in one or more countries andcould materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and ourresults of operations.In addition to the foregoing, engaging in international business inherently involves a number of other difficulties and risks, including:•potentially longer payment cycles and difficulties in enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through certain non-U.S. legalsystems;•political and economic instability;•potentially adverse tax consequences, tariffs, customs charges, bureaucratic requirements and trade barriers;•failure to successfully implement our new non-U.S. operating structure, and difficulties and costs of staffing and managing non-U.S.operations;•exposure to global economic conditions; and•exposure to potentially unfavorable movements in foreign currency exchange rates associated with international net sales and operatingexpense and intercompany debt financings.These or other factors or any combination of them may have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, resultsof operations and cash flows.32The global supply of fission-produced Mo-99 is limited. Our inability to obtain and/or to timely transport Mo-99 to our Tc-99m generator productionfacilities could prevent us from delivering our Ultra-Technekow DTE Tc-99m generators to our customers in the required quantities, within the requiredtimeframe, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues or increased costs if we procure supply from other sources.Mo-99 is a critical ingredient of our Tc-99m generators. As described in Item 1. Business of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the manufacturing processis complex, can be vulnerable due to the limited number of reactors and Mo-99 processing facilities worldwide, and is subject to short product half-lives.Given the product's radioactive decay, if we encounter delays in transporting Mo-99 to our generator facilities, or if the generator facilities experienceunscheduled shutdowns or delays in loading Mo-99, we may be limited in the amount of Ultra-Technekow DTE generators that we are able to manufacture,distribute and sell, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows.In fiscal 2013 and fiscal 2014, the HFR in the Netherlands, one of two primary reactors we utilize, experienced unscheduled shutdowns and in fiscal2014 our own Mo-99 processing facility in the Netherlands experienced a shutdown. We were able to receive increased target irradiations from other reactorsand purchased additional Mo-99 from other sources to continue meeting customer orders; however, the additional Mo-99 we procured from alternativesources came at a higher than normal cost. In addition, in September 2015 the HFR experienced another unscheduled shutdown which is expected to result inhigher costs through the duration of the shutdown as we obtain irradiations from alternative sources. We expect this disruption will negatively impactoperating income by approximately $10.0 million to $15.0 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2016, but somewhat less impact is expected in futurequarters as the reactor is expected to return to full production in the first half of fiscal 2016.Future unplanned shutdowns of nuclear reactors that we use to irradiate targets and processing facilities could impact the amount of available Mo-99,which could result in global shortages, continued increased raw material costs and decreased sales. While we are pursuing additional sources of Mo-99 frompotential producers around the world to augment our current supply, it is not certain whether these possible additional sources of Mo-99 will producecommercial quantities of Mo-99 for our business, or that these suppliers, together with our current suppliers, will be able to deliver a sufficient quantity ofMo-99 to meet our needs. Mo-99 prices may also be impacted by higher operating costs of nuclear reactors and the elimination of governmental subsidies ofnuclear reactors. Ongoing increased raw material and manufacturing costs may limit the profitability of the Nuclear Imaging segment.Inomax and ECP are each marketed by us in the U.S. for only one indication. We will not be permitted to market these products in the U.S. for any otherindication unless we receive FDA approval for any such indication. If we do not receive approval to market these products for additional uses, our abilityto grow revenues may be materially adversely affected.Inomax is approved for sale in the U.S. only for the treatment of HRF associated with pulmonary hypertension in term and near-term infants, and ECP isapproved for sale in the U.S. only for the palliative treatment of the skin manifestations of CTCL in persons who have not been responsive to other forms oftreatment. In order to market these products in the U.S. for any other indications, we will need to conduct appropriate clinical trials, obtain positive resultsfrom those trials, and obtain regulatory approval for such proposed indications. Obtaining regulatory approval is uncertain, time consuming and expensive.Even well-conducted studies of effective drugs will sometimes appear to be negative in either safety or efficacy results. The regulatory review and approvalprocess to obtain marketing approval for a new indication can take many years, often requires multiple clinical trials and requires the expenditure ofsubstantial resources. This process can vary substantially based on the type, complexity, novelty and indication of the product candidate involved. The FDAand other regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that any datasubmitted is insufficient for approval and require additional studies or clinical trials. In addition, varying interpretations of the data obtained from preclinicaland clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of a new indication for a product candidate. If we do not receive approval to marketthese products in the U.S. for additional indications, we will not be permitted to market them for any other indication and our ability to grow revenues may bematerially adversely affected.A significant portion of our revenues from Inomax and ECP is derived from unapproved uses. We have no control over physicians’ use of these productsfor unapproved uses, we are not permitted to promote or market these products for unapproved uses and we cannot assure you that physicians willcontinue to prescribe these products for unapproved uses at the same rate, or at all.The FDA and other foreign regulatory authorities approve drugs and medical devices for the treatment of specific indications, and products may only bepromoted or marketed for the indications for which they have been approved. However, the FDA does not attempt to regulate physicians’ use of approvedproducts, and physicians are free to prescribe most approved products for purposes outside the indication for which they have been approved. This practice issometimes referred to as “off-label” use. While physicians are free to prescribe approved products for unapproved uses, it is unlawful for drug and devicemanufacturers to market33or promote a product for an unapproved use.The laws and regulations relating to the promotion of products for unapproved uses are complex and subject tosubstantial interpretation by the FDA and other government agencies. Promotion of a product for unapproved use is prohibited; however, certain activitiesthat we and others in the pharmaceutical industry engage in are permitted by the FDA.Over the past several years, a significant number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have been the target of inquiries and investigations byvarious federal and state regulatory, investigative, prosecutorial and administrative entities in connection with the promotion of products for unapproveduses and other sales practices, including the Department of Justice and various U.S. Attorneys’ Offices, the Office of Inspector General of the Department ofHealth and Human Services, the FDA, the Federal Trade Commission and various state Attorneys General offices. These investigations have allegedviolations of various federal and state laws and regulations, including claims asserting antitrust violations, violations of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act,the False Claims Act, the Prescription Drug Marketing Act, anti-kickback laws, and other alleged violations in connection with the promotion of products forunapproved uses, pricing and Medicare and/or Medicaid reimbursement. Many of these investigations originate as “qui tam” actions under the False ClaimsAct. Under the False Claims Act, any individual can bring a claim on behalf of the government alleging that a person or entity has presented a false claim, orcaused a false claim to be submitted, to the government for payment. The person bringing a "qui tam" suit is entitled to a share of any recovery or settlement.Qui tam suits, also commonly referred to as “whistleblower suits,” are often brought by current or former employees. In a qui tam suit, the government mustdecide whether to intervene and prosecute the case. If the government declines to intervene and prosecute the case, the individual may pursue the case alone.If the FDA or any other governmental agency initiates an enforcement action against us or if we are the subject of a qui tam suit and it is determined thatwe violated prohibitions relating to the promotion of products for unapproved uses in connection with past or future activities, we could be subject tosubstantial civil or criminal fines or damage awards and other sanctions such as consent decrees and corporate integrity agreements pursuant to which ouractivities would be subject to ongoing scrutiny and monitoring to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Any such fines, awards or othersanctions could have an adverse effect on our revenue, business, financial prospects and reputation.Our business depends on the continued effectiveness and availability of our information technology infrastructure, and failures of this infrastructure couldharm our operations.To remain competitive in our industry, we must employ information technologies to support manufacturing processes, quality processes, distribution,R&D and regulatory applications that capture, manage and analyze, in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, the large streams of datagenerated in our clinical trials. We rely extensively on technology to allow concurrent work sharing around the world. As with all information technology,our systems are vulnerable to potential damage or interruptions from fires, blackouts, telecommunications failures and other unexpected events, as well asphysical and electronic break-ins, sabotage, piracy or intentional acts of vandalism. Given the extensive reliance of our business on technology, anysubstantial disruption or resulting loss of data that is not avoided or corrected by our backup measures could harm our business, operations and financialcondition. In addition, any unauthorized access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws thatprotect the privacy of personal information, and regulatory penalties, disrupt our operations, and damage our reputation, and cause a loss of confidence in ourproducts and services, which could adversely affect our business.Potential indemnification liabilities to Covidien pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement could materially adversely affect us.The separation and distribution agreement that we entered into with Covidien in connection with the Separation provided for, among other things, theprincipal corporate transactions required to effect the Separation, certain conditions to the distribution and provisions governing the relationship between usand Covidien following the Separation. The separation and distribution agreement was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-Kon July 1, 2013. Among other things, the separation and distribution agreement provides for indemnification obligations principally designed to placefinancial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of our business with us and financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of Covidien'sremaining business with Covidien, among other indemnities. If we are required to indemnify Covidien under the circumstances set forth in the separation anddistribution agreement, we may be subject to substantial liabilities. These potential indemnification obligations could have a material adverse effect on ourcompetitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.34Risks Related to Our IndebtednessOur substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations.We have substantial indebtedness, which could adversely affect our ability to fulfill our financial obligations and have a negative impact on ourfinancing options and liquidity position. As of September 25, 2015, we had $6,606.5 million of total debt.Our degree of debt leverage could have significant consequences, including the following:•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt;•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other corporaterequirements;•requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing theamount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;•limiting our ability to refinance our indebtedness on terms acceptable to us or at all;•imposing restrictive covenants on our operations;•placing us at a competitive disadvantage to other less leveraged competitors;•making us more vulnerable to economic downturns and limiting our ability to withstand competitive pressures;•limiting our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the industry in which we compete; and•increasing our costs of borrowing.In addition, the documents that govern the terms of our indebtedness contain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that maybe in our long-term best interest. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result inthe acceleration of repayment of our debt.We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations underour indebtedness, which may not be successful.Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, whichare subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control.We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to fund our day-to-day operations or to pay the principal,premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations and other cash requirements, we could face substantialliquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to sell assets or operations, seek additional capital orrestructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at alland, even if successful, such alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. The agreements governing our indebtednessrestrict (a) our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from any such dispositions and (b) our ability to raise debt capital to be used to repay ourindebtedness when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debtservice obligations then due.Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all,would materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and, as a result, lenders under any of our indebtedness could declare essentiallyall outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable, the lenders under our existing credit facilities could terminate their commitments to loan money,our secured lenders could foreclose against the assets securing such borrowings and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.Despite current and anticipated indebtedness levels, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt. This could further exacerbate the risks describedabove.We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although agreements governing our indebtedness restrict the incurrence ofadditional indebtedness, these restrictions are and will be subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions35and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the relatedrisks that we now face could intensify.The terms of the agreements that govern our indebtedness restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or topursue our business strategies.The agreements that govern the terms of our indebtedness contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financialrestrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including limitations or restrictions on our ability to:•incur, assume or guarantee additional indebtedness;•declare or pay dividends, make other distributions with respect to equity interests, or purchase or otherwise acquire or retire equity interests•make any principal payment on, or redeem or repurchase, subordinated debt;•make loans, advances or other investments;•sell or otherwise dispose of assets, including capital stock of subsidiaries;•incur liens;•enter into transactions with affiliates;•enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and•consolidate or merge with or into, or sell all or substantially all of our assets to, another person or entity.In addition, the restrictive covenants in the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities require us to comply with a financialmaintenance covenant in certain circumstances. Our ability to satisfy this financial maintenance covenant can be affected by events beyond our control andwe cannot assure you that we will be able to comply.A breach of the covenants under the agreements that govern the terms of any of our indebtedness could result in an event of default under the applicableindebtedness. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In addition, an event of default under the credit agreement that governs our senior secured credit facilitieswould permit the lenders under such facilities to terminate all commitments to extend further credit thereunder. Furthermore, if we are unable to repay theamounts due and payable under our senior secured credit facilities, those lenders will be able to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure thatindebtedness. If our debtholders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness.As a result of these restrictions, we may be:•limited in how we conduct our business;•unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or•unable to compete effectively, execute our growth strategy or take advantage of new business opportunities.These restrictions may affect our ability to grow in accordance with our plans.Our variable-rate indebtedness exposes us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.Certain of our indebtedness, including borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities and our receivables securitization, are subject to variablerates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable-rate indebtedness would increase andour net income would decrease, even though the amount borrowed under the facilities remained the same. As of September 25, 2015, we had $1,978.5 millionoutstanding variable-rate debt on our senior secured term loans, $500.0 million outstanding on our revolving credit facility and $153.0 million outstandingvariable-rate debt on our receivables securitization. An unfavorable movement in interest rates, primarily LIBOR, could result in higher interest expense andcash payments for the Company. Although we may enter into interest rate swaps, involving the exchange of floating for fixed-rate interest payments, toreduce interest rate volatility, we cannot provide assurance that we will enter into such arrangements or that they will successfully mitigate such interest ratevolatility.36Our current debt levels and challenges in the commercial and credit environment may materially adversely affect our ability to issue debt on acceptableterms and our future access to capital.Our ability to issue debt or enter into other financing arrangements on acceptable terms could be materially adversely affected by our current debt levelsor if there is a material decline in the demand for our products or in the solvency of our customers or suppliers or other significantly unfavorable changes ineconomic conditions occur. In addition, volatility in the world financial markets could increase borrowing costs or affect our ability to access the capitalmarkets, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.We may need additional financing in the future to meet our capital needs or to make acquisitions, and such financing may not be available on favorable oracceptable terms, and may be dilutive to existing shareholders.We may need to seek additional financing for general corporate purposes. For example, we may need to increase our investment in R&D activities orneed funds to make acquisitions. We may be unable to obtain any desired additional financing on terms that are favorable or acceptable to us. Depending onmarket conditions, adequate funds may not be available to us on acceptable terms and we may be unable to fund our expansion, successfully develop orenhance products, or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities, our shareholders will experiencedilution of their ownership interest.A lowering or withdrawal of the ratings assigned to our debt by rating agencies may increase our future borrowing costs and reduce our access to capital.Our debt currently has a non-investment grade rating from Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P") and Moody's Investor Services, Inc. ("Moody's"). Anyrating assigned could be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency if, in that rating agency's judgment, future circumstances relating to the basis ofthe rating, such as adverse changes, so warrant. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the market value of thenotes. Any future lowering of our ratings likely would make it more difficult or more expensive for us to obtain additional debt financing.Risks Related to Tax MattersIf the distribution completed in connection with the Separation fails to qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thenMallinckrodt and Mallinckrodt's shareholders could be subject to significant tax liability or tax indemnity obligations.Covidien received a U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") ruling substantially to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) certaintransactions effected in connection with the Separation qualified as transactions under Sections 355 and 368(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code ("theCode"), and (ii) the distribution of Mallinckrodt shares qualified as a transaction under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code. In addition to obtainingthe IRS ruling, Covidien received a tax opinion from Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, which relied on the effectiveness of the IRS ruling,substantially to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the distribution and certain transactions entered into in connection with the distributionqualified as transactions under Sections 355 and 368(a) of the Code.The IRS ruling and tax opinion rely on certain facts and assumptions, certain representations from Covidien and us regarding the past and future conductof our respective businesses and other matters, and certain undertakings made by Covidien and us. Notwithstanding the IRS ruling and tax opinion, the IRScould determine on audit that the distribution should be treated as a taxable transaction if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representationsor undertakings is not correct or has been violated, or that the distribution should be taxable for other reasons, including as a result of a significant change instock or asset ownership after the distribution, or if the IRS were to disagree with the conclusions of the tax opinion that are not covered by the IRS ruling. Ifthe distribution is ultimately determined to be taxable, the distribution could be treated as a taxable dividend to shareholders of Mallinckrodt, who acquiredtheir shares through distribution to Covidien shareholders at the Separation date, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and they could incur significant U.S.federal income tax liability. In addition, Covidien or we could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities or tax indemnification obligations, whetherunder applicable law or the tax matters agreement ("the Tax Matters Agreement") that we entered into with Covidien, if it is ultimately determined thatcertain related transactions undertaken in anticipation of the distribution are taxable.37We could have significant tax liabilities under the Tax Matters Agreement with Covidien for periods during which our subsidiaries and operations werethose of Covidien and of Tyco International Ltd.Our tax returns are subject to examination by various tax authorities, including the IRS. The IRS is examining our U.S. federal income tax returns forperiods during which certain of our subsidiaries and operations were those of Covidien. In addition, the IRS continues to examine the U.S. federal income taxreturns of Tyco International Ltd. ("Tyco International") for periods during which certain of our subsidiaries and operations were those of Tyco International.Our potential liability under the Tax Matters Agreement with Covidien for any taxes related to periods prior to the Separation (after taking into accountcertain tax benefits realized by us), including those which are subject to the provisions of the tax sharing agreement by and among Covidien, TycoInternational and TE Connectivity Ltd. ("the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement"), is anticipated to be approximately $91.0 million, excluding associated taxbenefits from such payments, or $65.4 million, net of associated tax benefits, and will be subject to an overall limitation of $200.0 million, net of associatedtax benefits. Payments to date qualifying under the overall limitation of $200.0 million are $51.6 million, net of associated tax benefits. For furtherinformation on the Tax Matters Agreement, refer to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2013.The resolution of the matters arising during periods in which certain of our subsidiaries and operations were subsidiaries and operations of Covidien willbe subject to the provisions of the Tax Matters Agreement. Under this agreement, Covidien has the right to administer, control and settle, in its sole andabsolute discretion, all tax audits that do not relate solely to non-U.S. taxes for periods prior to the Separation that are not covered by the Tyco Tax SharingAgreement. The outcome of any such examination, and any associated litigation which might arise, is uncertain and could result in a significant increase inour liability for taxes arising during these periods, subject to the overall $200.0 million limitation described above. The timing and outcome of suchexamination or litigation is highly uncertain and could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, Covidien agreed to provide to us information it receives related to examinations of tax mattersfor which we may be liable but we will not otherwise be permitted to control or participate in the settlement or defense of such examinations.The resolution of the matters arising during periods in which certain of our subsidiaries and operations were subsidiaries and operations of TycoInternational will be subject to the provisions of the Tax Matters Agreement and the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement. Under the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement,Covidien, Tyco International and TE Connectivity Ltd. are responsible for 42%, 27% and 31%, respectively, of U.S. income tax liabilities prior to the 2007separation of Covidien, Tyco International and TE Connectivity Ltd. We are not a party to the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement. Under the Tax MattersAgreement we will, however, be liable for certain taxes relating to our subsidiaries and operations arising during periods governed by the Tyco Tax SharingAgreement. Although we will be liable to Covidien for certain taxes arising during periods governed by the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement, we will not beliable to Tyco International or TE Connectivity Ltd. under the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement, nor will we share in the receivable that Covidien has from TycoInternational or TE Connectivity Ltd. In addition, Covidien will retain all reimbursements from Tyco International or TE Connectivity Ltd. pursuant to theTyco Tax Sharing Agreement, including reimbursements for taxes that are borne by us pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement.Under the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement, Tyco International has the right to administer, control and settle all U.S. income tax audits for periods prior tothe separation from Tyco International. In connection with such examinations, tax authorities, including the IRS, have proposed tax adjustments. TycoInternational has appealed certain of the proposed tax adjustments and all but one of the matters associated with the proposed tax adjustments has beenresolved. With respect to the remaining unresolved matter, Tyco International is contesting the adjustments through litigation. The outcome of any suchlitigation is uncertain and could result in a significant increase in our liability for taxes arising during these periods, subject to the overall $200 millionlimitation described above. While we believe that the amounts recorded as income taxes payable related to these adjustments are adequate, the timing andoutcome of such litigation is highly uncertain and could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, Covidien has agreed to provide to us information it receives from Tyco International related toexaminations of tax matters for which we may be liable that are governed by the Tyco Tax Sharing Agreement.Our status as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes could be affected by a change in law.We believe that, under current law, we are treated as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes. However, changes to the inversion rules inSection 7874 or the U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder or other IRS guidance could adversely affect our status as a foreign corporation forU.S. federal tax purposes, and any such changes could have prospective or retroactive application to us and our shareholders and affiliates. In addition, recentlegislative proposals have aimed to expand the scope of U.S. corporate tax residence, and such legislation, if passed, could have an adverse effect on us. Forexample, in February 2015, the President of the United States proposed legislation which would amend the anti-inversion rules. Although its application islimited to transaction closing after 2015, no assurance can be given that such proposal will not be changed in the legislative process to apply to priortransactions. Additionally, in September 2014, legislation was introduced in the U.S. Senate that seeks to address the practice of earnings stripping bycompanies that move their domicile overseas. Furthermore, the Department of the Treasury and the IRS provided38notice in September 2014 and November 2015 that the agencies intend to issue regulations to reduce the tax benefits of or preclude entirely certain inversiontransactions. In the November 2015 notice, the Secretary of the Treasury communicated the intention to explore potential guidance on earnings stripping andtake further action in the coming months.Future changes to U.S. and foreign tax laws could adversely affect us.The Group of Twenty ("the G20"), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("the OECD"), the U.S. Congress and TreasuryDepartment and other government agencies in jurisdictions where we and our affiliates do business have had an extended focus on issues related to thetaxation of multinational corporations. As a result, the tax laws in the U.S. and other countries in which we and our affiliates do business could change on aprospective or retroactive basis, and any such changes could adversely affect us and our affiliates. One example, is in the area of "base erosion and profitshifting," where payments are made between affiliates from a jurisdiction with high tax rates to a jurisdiction with lower tax rates. In October 2015, the OECDpresented the final package of measures for a comprehensive, coherent and co-ordinated reform of the international tax rules.We may not be able to maintain a competitive worldwide effective corporate tax rate.We cannot give any assurance as to what our effective tax rate will be in the future, because of, among other things, uncertainty regarding the tax policiesof the jurisdictions where we operate. Our actual effective tax rate may vary from our expectation and that variance may be material. Additionally, the taxlaws of the United Kingdom and other jurisdictions could change in the future, and such changes could cause a material change in our effective tax rate.The change in our tax residency could have a negative effect on our future profitability and taxes on dividends.Under current Irish legislation, a company is regarded as resident in Ireland for tax purposes if it is centrally managed and controlled in Ireland, or, incertain circumstances, if it is incorporated in Ireland. Under current U.K. legislation, a company is regarded as resident in the U.K. for tax purposes if it iscentrally managed and controlled in the U.K. Where a company is treated as tax resident under the domestic laws of both the U.K. and Ireland then theprovisions of article 4(3) of the Double Tax Convention between Ireland and the U.K. provide that such company shall be treated as resident only in thejurisdiction in which its place of effective management is situated. Since May 2015, we have managed, and we intend to continue to manage, the affairs ofMallinckrodt plc so that it is effectively managed and controlled in the U.K. and therefore be treated as resident only in the U.K. for tax purposes, byoperation of the Double Taxation Convention. However, we cannot provide assurance that Mallinckrodt plc will continue to be resident only in the U.K. fortax purposes. It is possible that in the future, whether as a result of a change in law or a change in the practice or conduct of the affairs of any relevant taxauthority, Mallinckrodt plc could become, or be regarded as having become resident in a jurisdiction other than the U.K. If Mallinckrodt plc were consideredto be a tax resident of Ireland, it could become liable for Irish corporation tax and any dividends paid by it could be subject to Irish dividend withholdingtax.Our installment sale arrangements result in a deferral of tax obligations payable to the IRS, which are subject to variable-rate interest rate risk, whichcould result in higher cost associated with deferring these tax obligation.As part of the integration of Questcor, the Company entered into an internal installment sale transaction related to certain Acthar intangible assets duringthe fiscal year ended September 25, 2015. The installment sale transaction resulted in a taxable gain. In accordance with Internal Revenue Code Section 453the gain is considered taxable in the period in which installment payments are received. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") charges interest based onthe deferred tax liability outstanding as of the end of a company's fiscal year, regardless of amounts outstanding during the fiscal year. The interest payableon the deferred tax liability is subject to fluctuations in interest rates, which may increase in future periods. As of September 25, 2015, the Company had anaggregate $1,447.4 million of interest bearing U.S. deferred tax liabilities associated with outstanding installment notes.Risks Related to Our Jurisdiction of IncorporationIrish law differs from the laws in effect in the U.S. and may afford less protection to holders of our securities.It may not be possible to enforce court judgments obtained in the U.S. against us in Ireland based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal orstate securities laws. In addition, there is some uncertainty as to whether the courts of Ireland would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtainedagainst us or our directors or officers based on the civil liabilities provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws or hear actions against us or thosepersons based on those laws. We have been advised the U.S.39currently does not have a treaty with Ireland providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any U.S. federal or state court based on civil liability, whether or not based solely on U.S.federal or state securities laws, would not automatically be enforceable in Ireland.A judgment obtained against us will be enforced by the courts of Ireland if the following general requirements are met: (i) U.S. courts must have hadjurisdiction in relation to the particular defendant according to Irish conflict of law rules (the submission to jurisdiction by the defendant would satisfy thisrule) and (ii) the judgment must be final and conclusive and the decree must be final and unalterable in the court which pronounces it. A judgment can befinal and conclusive even if it is subject to appeal or even if an appeal is pending. Where however the effect of lodging an appeal under the applicable law isto stay execution of the judgment, it is possible that in the meantime the judgment may not be actionable in Ireland. It remains to be determined whether finaljudgment given in default of appearance is final and conclusive. However, Irish courts may refuse to enforce a judgment of the U.S. courts which meets theabove requirements for one of the following reasons: (i) if the judgment is not for a definite sum of money; (ii) if the judgment was obtained by fraud; (iii) theenforcement of the judgment in Ireland would be contrary to natural or constitutional justice; (iv) the judgment is contrary to Irish public policy or involvescertain U.S. laws which will not be enforced in Ireland; or (v) jurisdiction cannot be obtained by the Irish courts over the judgment debtors in the enforcementproceedings by personal service in Ireland or outside Ireland under Order 11 of the Ireland Superior Courts Rules.As an Irish company, we are governed by the Irish Companies Act, which differ in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S.corporations and shareholders, including, among others, differences relating to interested director and officer transactions and shareholder lawsuits. Likewise,the duties of directors and officers of an Irish company generally are owed to the company only. Shareholders of Irish companies generally do not have apersonal right of action against directors or officers of the company and may exercise such rights of action on behalf of the company only in limitedcircumstances. Accordingly, holders of our securities may have more difficulty protecting their interests than would holders of securities of a corporationincorporated in a jurisdiction of the U.S.Irish law imposes restrictions on certain aspects of capital management.Irish law allows our shareholders to pre-authorize shares to be issued by our board of directors without further shareholder approval for up to a maximumof five years. Our current authorization will therefore lapse approximately five years after the date of the Separation, June 28, 2013, unless renewed byshareholders, and we cannot guarantee that such renewal will always be approved. Additionally, subject to specified exceptions, including the opt-out that isincluded in our articles of association, Irish law grants statutory pre-emptive rights to existing shareholders to subscribe for new issuances of shares for cash.This opt-out also expires approximately five years after the Separation, unless renewed by further shareholder approval, and we cannot guarantee that suchrenewal of the opt-out from pre-emptive rights will always be approved. We cannot provide assurance that these Irish legal restrictions will not interfere withour capital management.Risks Related to Our Ordinary SharesOur share price may fluctuate significantly.The market price of our ordinary shares may fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;•changes in earnings estimated by securities analysts or our ability to meet those estimates;•perceived impacts to our results from acquisitions of products, licenses rights or businesses;•the operating and share price performance of comparable companies;•actual or anticipated sales of our ordinary shares;•changes to the regulatory and legal environment in which we operate; and•U.S. and worldwide economic conditions.Volatility can also occur from short sellers becoming active in our stock. It is generally in the short seller’s interest for the price of a stock to decline. Prior to our acquisition of Questcor, Questcor experienced high levels of short interest in its stock. It has been alleged that short sellers may take variousactions aimed at attempting to cause harm to a company’s business or reputation in an effort to cause such company’s stock to decline. Short sellers haverecently been active in our stock.40In addition, when the market price of a company's ordinary shares drops significantly, shareholders often institute securities class action lawsuits againstthe company. A lawsuit against us could cause us to incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of our management and other resources.Furthermore, we cannot guarantee that an active trading market for our ordinary shares will continue to exist.Your percentage of ownership in Mallinckrodt may be diluted.Your percentage ownership in Mallinckrodt may be diluted because of equity issuances for acquisitions, capital market transactions or otherwise,including equity awards granted to our directors, officers and employees. Such issuances may have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share, which couldmaterially adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares. For example, we issued approximately 57 million ordinary shares in connection with thecompletion of our acquisition of Questcor in August 2014. In addition, our articles of association entitle our board of directors, without shareholder approval,to cause us to issue preferred shares with such terms as our board of directors may determine. Preferred shares may be preferred as to dividends, rights on awinding up or voting in such manner as our board of directors may resolve. The preferred shares may also be redeemable at the option of the holder of thepreferred shares or at the option of us, and may be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of any other class or classes of our shares, depending on theterms of such preferred shares. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred shares could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our ordinaryshares. For example, we could grant the holders of preferred shares the right to elect some number of our board of directors in all events or on the happeningof specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we could assign toholders of preferred shares could affect the residual value of our ordinary shares.Certain provisions in our articles of association, among other things, could prevent or delay an acquisition of us, which could decrease the trading price ofour ordinary shares.Our articles of association contain provisions that could have the effect of deterring coercive takeover practices, inadequate takeover bids andunsolicited offers. These provisions include, among others:•provisions of our articles of association which allow our board of directors to adopt a shareholder rights plan (commonly known as a"poison pill") upon such terms and conditions as the board of directors deems expedient and in the best interests of our company;•a provision of our articles of association which generally prohibits us from engaging in a business combination with an interestedshareholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested shareholder, subject to certain exceptions;•rules regarding how shareholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at shareholder meetings;•the right of our board of directors to issue preferred shares without shareholder approval in certain circumstances, subject to applicable law;and•the ability of our board of directors to fill vacancies on our board of directors in certain circumstances.We believe these provisions will provide some protection to our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics. These provisions are notintended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions will apply even if a takeover offer may be considered beneficial by someshareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not in the best interests of our company and its shareholders.These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.In addition, several mandatory provisions of Irish law could prevent or delay an acquisition of us. For example, Irish law does not permit shareholders ofan Irish public limited company to take action by written consent with less than unanimous consent. We are also subject to various provisions of Irish lawrelating to mandatory bids, voluntary bids, requirements to make a cash offer and minimum price requirements, as well as substantial acquisition rules andrules requiring the disclosure of interests in our ordinary shares in certain circumstances. Also, Irish companies, including us, may only alter theirmemorandum of association and articles of association with the approval of the holders of at least 75% of the company's shares present and voting in personor by proxy at a general meeting of the company.The agreements that we entered into with Covidien in connection with the Separation generally required Covidien's consent to any assignment by us ofour rights and obligations under the agreements. The consent and termination rights set forth in these agreements might discourage, delay or prevent achange of control that shareholders may consider favorable.Moreover, an acquisition or further issuance of our ordinary shares after the Separation could trigger the application of Section 355(e) of the Code, evenif the distribution and certain related transactions undertaken in connection therewith otherwise qualify for tax-free treatment. Under Section 355(e) of theCode, we or Covidien could incur tax upon certain transactions undertaken41in anticipation of the distribution if 50% or more, by vote or value, of our ordinary shares or Covidien ordinary shares are acquired or issued as part of a planor series of related transactions that include the separation. The process for determining whether an acquisition or issuance triggering these provisions hasoccurred is complex, inherently factual and subject to interpretation. Any acquisitions or issuances of our ordinary shares or Covidien ordinary shares withintwo years after the distribution are presumed to be part of such a plan, although we or Covidien, as applicable, may be able to rebut that presumption.Moreover, under the Tax Matters Agreement that we entered into with Covidien, we will be restricted from engaging in certain transactions within two yearsof the distribution which potentially could trigger application of Section 355(e) of the Code. During such period, these restrictions may limit the ability thatwe, or a potential acquirer of us, have to pursue certain strategic transactions that might increase the value of our ordinary shares.Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments.None.Item 2.Properties.Our principal executive offices are located at a facility in Chesterfield, United Kingdom. Our U.S. headquarters are located in a facility in Hazelwood,Missouri, which we own. As of September 25, 2015, we owned a total of fifteen facilities in three countries. Four of our owned facilities relate to our CMDSbusiness and are to be sold in our transaction with Guerbet, which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal year 2016. Our owned facilitiesconsist of approximately 3.1 million square feet, and our leased facilities consist of approximately 1.6 million square feet. CMDS facilities consist of 0.5million of the total square feet of owned facilities and 0.2 million square feet of leased facilities. We have thirteen manufacturing sites, two of which are usedby our Nuclear Imaging segment, seven of which are used by our Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics segments, four of which are used by the CMDSbusiness. We have two manufacturing sites in Canada, one manufacturing site in each of Ireland and the Netherlands and nine manufacturing sites in the U.S.We believe all of these facilities are well-maintained and suitable for the operations conducted in them.Item 3.Legal Proceedings. We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, including patent infringement claims, product liability matters, environmental matters,employment disputes, contractual disputes and other commercial disputes. We believe that these legal proceedings and claims likely will be resolved over anextended period of time. Although it is not feasible to predict the outcome of these matters, we believe, unless indicated in Note 19 of the Notes toConsolidated and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, that their ultimate resolution willnot have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For further information on pending legal proceedings, referto Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K.Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable.42PART IIItem 5.Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.Market InformationOur ordinary shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the ticker symbol "MNK." The following table presents the high andlow closing prices of our ordinary shares for the periods indicated, as reported by the NYSE. FY2015 FY2014 HighLow HighLowFirst Quarter $99.73$83.19 $53.47$42.01Second Quarter 132.5193.89 72.8150.70Third Quarter 130.13113.18 82.7060.28Fourth Quarter 126.5168.45 90.0068.12There were approximately 3,166 shareholders of record of our ordinary shares as of November 16, 2015.Dividends and Issuer Purchase of Equity SecuritiesUnder Irish law, we can only pay dividends and repurchase shares out of distributable reserves. Upon completion of the Separation, we did not have anydistributable reserves. On July 22, 2013, we filed a petition with the High Court of Ireland seeking the court's confirmation of a reduction of our sharepremium so that it can be treated as distributable for the purposes of Irish law. On September 9, 2013, the High Court of Ireland approved this petition and,upon approval, our share premium is treated as distributable reserves and our share premium balance was reclassified into additional paid-in capital. We didnot declare or pay any dividends and we do not currently intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.During the quarter ended September 25, 2015, we repurchased 839,964 of our ordinary shares related to both our $300.0 million share repurchaseprogram, announced on January 23, 2015, and the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock issued toemployees as follows:Period Total Number of SharesPurchased Average Price Paid perShare Total Number of SharesPurchased as Part ofPublicly Announced Plansor Programs Maximum ApproximateDollar Value of Sharesthat May Yet Be PurchasedUnder The Plans orPrograms6/27/2015 - 7/24/2015 7,584 $118.00 — $300.07/25/2015 - 8/28/2015 589,678 93.48 588,361 245.08/29/2015 - 9/25/2015 242,702 85.74 235,231 225.06/27/2015 - 9/25/2015 839,964 91.46 43Performance GraphThe following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the United States Securities andExchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities ExchangeAct of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.The following graph compares the changes, for the period indicated, in the cumulative total value of $100 hypothetically invested in each of (a)Mallinckrodt ordinary shares, (b) the Russell 1000 index and (c) the NYSE Pharmaceutical Index. This graph covers the period from June 17, 2013, the firstday our ordinary shares began "when-issued" trading on the NYSE, through September 25, 2015.Comparison of Cumulative Total Return*Among Mallinckrodt plc, the Russell 1000 Index and NYSE Pharmaceutical Index*$100.00 invested on June 17, 2013 in shares or index.Performance Graph Data Mallinckrodt Russell 1000 Index NYSE PharmaceuticalIndexJune 17, 2013 $100.00 $100.00 $100.00September 27, 2013 96.82 104.02 100.18September 26, 2014 200.00 121.42 124.26September 25, 2015 152.11 118.54 122.72The share price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future share price performance.Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans will be included in our definitive proxy statement for ourannual general meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after September 25,2015.44Item 6.Selected Financial Data.The following table sets forth selected financial data as of and for the fiscal years ended September 25, 2015, September 26, 2014, September 27, 2013,September 28, 2012 and September 30, 2011. This selected financial data reflects the consolidated position of Mallinckrodt plc and its consolidatedsubsidiaries (collectively, "Mallinckrodt") as an independent, publicly-traded company for periods on or after its legal separation from Covidien plc("Covidien") on June 28, 2013. Selected financial data for periods prior to June 28, 2013 reflect the combined historical business and operations ofCovidien's Pharmaceuticals business as it was historically managed as part of Covidien.The consolidated statement of income data for fiscal 2015 and 2014, the consolidated and combined statement of income data for fiscal 2013, and theconsolidated balance sheet data as of September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014 were derived from our consolidated and combined financial statementsand accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 balance sheets werederived from our audited combined financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In fiscal 2015, the Company announcedthat it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its CMDS business to Guerbet. Accordingly, the combined statement of income data for fiscal 2012 and2011 and balance sheet as of September 30, 2011 are derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this annual report,as amounts have been recast to reflect the CMDS business as a discontinued operation.This selected financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated and combined financial statements and accompanying notesand Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Our historical results for periods prior to June 28, 2013are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations or financial condition that would have been obtained had we operated as an independent, publicly-traded company for the entirety of the periods presented, nor are they necessarily indicative of our future performance as an independent, publicly-tradedcompany.(in millions, except per share data)Fiscal Year (1) 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Income Data: Net sales$3,346.9 $2,082.0 $1,712.3 $1,533.0 $1,423.7Gross profit1,853.6 1,060.2 822.3 718.9 663.0Research and development expenses (2)185.1 163.5 157.9 138.4 134.7Operating income (loss) (3) (4)461.8 (75.9) 73.5 122.8 130.7Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes215.3 (153.9) 55.7 123.7 133.2Income (loss) from continuing operations308.2 (143.8) 8.2 58.5 71.4 Share Data (5): Basic income (loss) from continuing operations per share$2.64 $(2.22) $0.14 $1.01 $1.24Diluted income (loss) from continuing operations per share2.61 (2.22) 0.14 1.01 1.24Cash dividends per ordinary share— — — — — September 25,2015 September 26,2014 September 27,2013 September 28,2012 September 30,2011 Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet Data: Total assets$16,404.1 $12,787.3 $3,556.6 $2,898.9 $2,832.2Long-term debt6,474.3 3,874.0 918.3 8.9 10.4Shareholders' equity5,311.2 4,958.0 1,255.6 1,891.9 1,788.7(1)Fiscal 2011 included 53 weeks. All other fiscal years presented include 52 weeks.(2)Fiscal 2014 and 2013 each include a $5.0 million charge related to milestone payments related to the acceptance of pipeline products for filing with the FDA.(3)Fiscal 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011 include restructuring charges, net, of $40.4 million, $81.4 million, $23.7 million, $8.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively. Fiscal 2015 includes $86.3million of environmental and legal charges, $80.6 million of incremental equity costs associated with the Questcor Acquisition and $53.4 million of transaction costs associated with the IkariaAcquisition and the Therakos Acquisition. Fiscal 2014 includes $151.6 million of non-restructuring impairment charges, $49.6 million of environmental and legal charges and $65.1 million oftransaction costs associated with the Cadence Acquisition and the Questcor Acquisition. Fiscal 2013 and 2012 include costs related to the build-out of our corporate infrastructure of $70.6 million and$10.7 million, respectively. Fiscal 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011 include separation related costs of $9.6 million, $74.2 million, $25.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively.(4)Fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011 include expense allocations from Covidien of $39.6 million, $49.2 million and $56.3 million, respectively, which relate to finance, legal, information technology,human resources, communications, employee benefits and incentives, insurance and share-based compensation. Effective with the legal separation from Covidien on June 28, 2013, we have assumedresponsibility for all of these functions and related costs.(5)The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share assumes that the number of shares outstanding for periods prior to June 28, 2013 was equal to the number of ordinary shares of Mallinckrodtoutstanding on June 28, 2013, immediately following the distribution of one ordinary share of Mallinckrodt for every eight ordinary shares of Covidien.45Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated andcombined financial statements and the accompanying notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materiallyfrom those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed in Item 1A. RiskFactors and "Forward-Looking Statements" included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.OverviewWe are a global specialty biopharmaceutical and nuclear imaging business that develops, manufactures, markets and distributes specialty pharmaceuticaland biopharmaceutical products and nuclear imaging agents. Therapeutic areas of focus include autoimmune and rare disease specialty areas (includingneurology, rheumatology, nephrology and pulmonology); immunotherapy and neonatal respiratory critical care therapies; and central nervous system drugs.The Company also supports the diagnosis of disease with nuclear medicine imaging agents. The Company believes its experience in the acquisition andmanagement of highly regulated raw materials; deep regulatory expertise; and specialized chemistry, formulation and manufacturing capabilities havecreated compelling competitive advantages that it anticipates will sustain future revenue growth.During the first quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company changed its reportable segments to present the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businessesas reportable segments. The Company historically presented the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businesses within the Specialty Pharmaceuticalssegment.During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its CMDS business to Guerbet,which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. The CMDS business is deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of thisbusiness are presented as a discontinued operation. The CMDS business has been eliminated from the Global Medical Imaging segment, which was renamedNuclear Imaging.Prior year amounts have been recast to conform to current presentation.The three reportable segments are further described below:•Specialty Brands produces and markets branded pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals;•Specialty Generics produces specialty generic pharmaceuticals and API consisting of biologics, medicinal opioids, synthetic controlledsubstances, acetaminophen and other active ingredients; and•Nuclear Imaging manufactures and markets radiopharmaceuticals (nuclear medicine).For further information on our business and products, refer to Item 1. Business included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Significant EventsSeparation from CovidienMallinckrodt plc was incorporated in Ireland on January 9, 2013 for the purpose of holding the Pharmaceuticals business of Covidien. On June 28, 2013,Covidien shareholders of record received one ordinary share of Mallinckrodt for every eight ordinary shares of Covidien held as of the record date, June 19,2013, and the Pharmaceuticals business of Covidien was transferred to Mallinckrodt plc, thereby completing its legal separation from Covidien.Our consolidated and combined financial statements reflect the consolidated financial position of Mallinckrodt plc and its subsidiaries as anindependent publicly-traded company for periods subsequent to June 28, 2013, and as a combined reporting entity of Covidien, including operationsrelating to Covidien's Pharmaceuticals business, for periods prior to June 28, 2013. Our results for periods prior to June 28, 2013, including the nine monthsended June 28, 2013 that are included with our fiscal 2013 results, may not be indicative of our future performance and do not necessarily reflect the resultsof operations, financial position and cash flows that would have been had we operated as an independent, publicly-traded company for the entirety of theperiods presented, including as a result of changes in our capitalization in connection with the Separation. The combined financial statements for periodsprior to June 28, 2013 include expense allocations related to finance, legal, information technology, human resources, communications, employee benefitsand incentives, insurance and share-based compensation. The amounts allocated were $39.6 million in fiscal 2013. Management considers the bases onwhich the expenses have been allocated to reasonably reflect the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit received by, us during the periodspresented; however, the allocations may not reflect the expense we would have incurred as an independent, publicly-traded company. These allocations havenot recurred following the completion of the Separation on June 28, 2013, as we have been performing these functions using our own resources or purchasedservices, certain of which were being provided by Covidien during a transitional period pursuant to a transition services agreement dated June 28, 2013,between us46and Covidien, particularly in relation to areas outside the U.S. The terms and prices on which such services were rendered may not have been as favorable asthose allocated to us by Covidien. The Company terminated the transition services agreement during the first quarter of fiscal 2015.AcquisitionsOn September 25, 2015, we acquired Therakos through the acquisition of all the outstanding common stock of TGG Medical Solutions, Inc., the parentholding company of Therakos, in a transaction valued at approximately $1.3 billion, net of cash acquired ("the Therakos Acquisition"). Consideration for thetransaction consisted of approximately $1.0 billion in cash paid to TGG Medical Solutions, Inc. shareholders and the assumption of approximately $0.3billion of Therakos third-party debt, which was repaid in conjunction with the Therakos Acquisition. The acquisition and immediate repayment of debt wasfunded through the issuance of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, a $500.0 million borrowing under our revolving creditfacility and cash on hand. Therakos' primary immunotherapy products relate to the administering of extracorporeal photopheresis therapies through theirUVAR XTS® and CELLEX.In April 2015, we acquired Ikaria through the acquisition of all the outstanding common stock of Compound Holdings II, Inc., the parent holdingcompany of Ikaria, in a transaction valued at approximately $2.3 billion, net of cash acquired ("the Ikaria Acquisition"). Consideration for the transactionconsisted of approximately $1.2 billion in cash paid to Compound Holdings II, Inc. shareholders and the assumption of approximately $1.1 billion of Ikariathird-party debt, which was repaid in conjunction with the Ikaria Acquisition. The acquisition and immediate repayment of debt was funded through theissuance of $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, a $240.0 million borrowing under a revolving credit facility, which wassubsequently repaid following the transaction, and cash on hand. Ikaria's primary product is Inomax, a vital treatment option in neonatal critical care.In August 2014, we acquired Questcor, a biopharmaceutical company, for total consideration of approximately $5.9 billion ("the Questcor Acquisition").The acquisition was funded through the issuance of approximately 57 million common shares, proceeds from the issuance of $900.0 million aggregateprinciple of senior unsecured notes, proceeds from the issuance of $700.0 million senior secured term loan facility, $150.0 million of cash from a receivablesecuritization program and cash on hand. Questcor's primary product, Acthar, is focused on the treatment of patients with serious, difficult-to-treatautoimmune and rare diseases. Acthar is an injectable drug that is approved by the FDA for use in 19 indications, including the areas of neurology,rheumatology, nephrology and pulmonology. As part of the acquisition, we also acquired BioVectra, Inc. ("BioVectra"), a specialty contract manufacturerthat provides services to the global pharmaceuticals and biotechnology industry.In March 2014, we acquired Cadence, a biopharmaceutical company focused on commercializing products principally for use in the hospital setting forapproximately $1.3 billion ("the Cadence Acquisition"). The acquisition was primarily funded through a $1.3 billion senior secured term loan credit facility.Cadence's sole product, Ofirmev, is a proprietary intravenous formulation of acetaminophen for the management of mild to moderate pain, the management ofmoderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics and the reduction of fever. The Cadence Acquisition added a growth product to the SpecialtyBrands product portfolio and provided us the opportunity to expand our reach into the hospital market, in which Cadence had an established presence.License of Intellectual PropertyWe were involved in patent disputes with a counterparty relating to certain intellectual property related to extended-release oxymorphone. In December2013, the counterparty agreed to pay us an upfront cash payment of $4.0 million and contractually obligated future payments of $8.0 million through July2018, in exchange for the withdrawal of all claims associated with the intellectual property and a license to utilize our intellectual property. We completedthe earnings process associated with the agreement and recorded an $11.7 million gain, included within gain on divestiture and license, during fiscal 2014.DivestituresDuring the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, we announced that we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our global CMDS business to Guerbet, which isexpected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. The CMDS business is deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of this business arepresented as a discontinued operation. The CMDS business has been eliminated from the Global Medical Imaging segment, which was renamed NuclearImaging.47Royalty and Milestone PaymentsWe are required to pay royalties and milestone payments for various product acquisitions and license agreements we entered into with third parties. Weincurred royalty expense of $92.3 million, $56.3 million, and $49.8 million in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, under our product acquisitions andlicense agreements, including those discussed below.We acquired the exclusive development and commercialization rights to Ofirmev in the U.S. and Canada, as well as the rights to the patents andtechnology. Under this license agreement, we may be obligated to make future milestone payments of up to $25.0 million upon the achievement of certainlevels of net sales, in addition to on-going royalties on the sales of the product. Through fiscal 2015, $10.0 million of milestone payments had been made.For Exalgo, we may be obligated to make payments of up to $73.0 million based on the successful completion of specified development and regulatorymilestones. Through fiscal 2015, $65.0 million of these payments had been made, with $55.0 million being capitalized as an intangible asset. We are alsorequired to pay royalties on sales of the product. In January 2014, the Company purchased royalty rights associated with Exalgo for $7.2 million, which wascapitalized as an intangible asset.In fiscal 2009, we entered into a licensing agreement to utilize Depomed's Acuform gastric retentive drug delivery technology for the exclusivedevelopment of four products. Under this license agreement, the Company may be obligated to pay up to $64.0 million in development milestone payments.Through fiscal 2015, approximately $22.0 million of these payments had been made. During fiscal 2014, upon approval by the FDA of Xartemis XR, wemade a milestone payment of $10.0 million, which was capitalized as an intangible asset.In 2009, we entered into a licensing agreement with Nuvo which granted rights to market and distribute Pennsaid and Pennsaid 2%. We were responsiblefor all future development activities and expenses and were required to make milestone payments of up to $120.0 million based upon the successfulcompletion of specified regulatory and sales milestones. We paid $15.0 million of these payments, all of which were capitalized as an intangible asset as thepayment related to the fiscal 2010 FDA approval of the Pennsaid NDA. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, we reached an agreement in principle withNuvo to settle various claims associated with our license of Pennsaid. As part of the legal settlement, the Company agreed to return the license to Nuvo,which resulted in the Company recording an impairment of $11.1 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014.Nuclear ImagingIn November 2012, the HFR in the Netherlands, one of two primary reactors we utilize, experienced an unscheduled shutdown. We were able to receiveincreased target irradiations from the two other reactors and purchased additional Mo-99 from other sources to continue meeting customer orders; however,the additional Mo-99 we procured from alternative sources came at a higher than normal cost. The HFR resumed production in June 2013.In October 2013, the HFR experienced an unscheduled shutdown. In addition, our own Mo-99 processing facility in the Netherlands also experienced ashutdown. We received increased target irradiations from other reactors, purchased additional Mo-99 from other sources and outsourced Mo-99 processing tocontinue meeting customer orders; however, the additional Mo-99 and processing services we procured from alternative sources came at a higher than normalcost. The HFR resumed production of medical isotopes and irradiation of materials in February 2014 and the Mo-99 processing facility resumed productionin April 2014.In September 2015, the HFR experienced another unscheduled shutdown. We expect this disruption will have minimal impact to patients as we intend toobtain target irradiations from other reactors to meet patient needs. Similar to prior periods, the shutdown is expected to result in higher costs as we obtainirradiations from alternative sources. We expect this disruption will negatively impact operating income by approximately $10.0 million to $15.0 millionduring the first quarter of fiscal 2016, but somewhat less impact is expected in future quarters as the reactor is expected to return to full production in the firsthalf of fiscal 2016. Our Mo-99 processing facility continues to operate as scheduled. Ongoing increased raw material and manufacturing costs may limit theprofitability of the Nuclear Imaging segment.Lower Passaic River Environmental ReserveIn April 2014, the EPA issued its revised Focused Feasibility Study ("FFS"), with remedial alternatives to address cleanup of the lower 8-mile stretch ofthe Lower Passaic River Study Area ("the River"), which also included a "no action" option. The EPA estimated the cost for the alternatives to range from$365.0 million to $3.2 billion. The EPA's preferred approach would involve bank-to-bank dredging of the lower 8-mile stretch of the River and installing anengineered cap at a discounted, estimated cost of $1.7 billion. Based on the issuance of the EPA's revised FFS, we recorded a $23.1 million accrual in thesecond quarter of fiscal 2014 representing the estimate of our allocable share of the joint and several remediation liability resulting from this matter.In April 2015, the Lower Passaic Cooperating Parties Group ("CPG") presented a draft of the remedial investigation and feasibility study ("RI/FS") of theRiver to the EPA. The CPG's RI/FS included alternatives that ranged from "no action," targeted remediation of the entire 17-mile stretch of the River toremedial actions consistent with the EPA's preferred approach for the lower 8-48mile stretch of the River and also included remediation alternatives for the upper 9-mile stretch of the River. The discounted cost estimates for the CPGremediation alternatives ranged from $483.4 million to $2.7 billion. We recorded an additional charge of $13.3 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2015based on our estimate of our allocable share of the joint and several remediation liability resulting from this matter.Despite the issuance of the revised FFS by the EPA and the RI/FS by the CPG, there are many uncertainties associated with the final agreed-uponremediation and our allocable share of the remediation. As of November 20, 2015, the Company withdrew from the CPG, but remains liable for its obligationsunder the two above-referenced AOCs, as well as potential future liabilities. Given those uncertainties, the amounts accrued may not be indicative of theamounts for which the Company may be ultimately responsible and will be refined as events in the remediation process occur.Business Factors Influencing the Results of OperationsProductsAs a result of acquisitions in fiscal 2015 and 2014, we obtained the sales and marketing rights to Inomax on April 16, 2015; Acthar on August 14, 2014;and Ofirmev on March 19, 2014. The addition of these products to our Specialty Brands product portfolio provided us with three products that significantlycontributed to the net sales and operating income within this segment. Net sales of these products were $1,485.5 million during the fiscal year endedSeptember 25, 2015 compared with $247.3 million in the fiscal year ended September 26, 2014. Our cost of sales for fiscal 2015 and 2014 included $44.1million and $25.7 million, respectively, of expense recognition associated with the fair value adjustments of acquired inventory and $515.0 million and$120.3 million, respectively, of amortization associated with intangibles recognized from these acquisitions. Additionally, we expensed $53.4 million and$65.1 million of transaction costs, respectfully, in fiscal 2015 and 2014 associated with our transactions, including the Therakos acquisition on September25, 2015, which are reflected in SG&A in our consolidated statement of income.In December 2012, we received approval from the FDA to manufacture Methylphenidate ER. In July 2013, a competitor received FDA approval tomanufacture Methylphenidate ER and entered the marketplace. In November 2014, we were informed by the FDA that it believes that our MethylphenidateER products may not be therapeutically equivalent to the category reference listed drug and the FDA reclassified Methylphenidate ER from freelysubstitutable at the pharmacy level (class AB) to presumed to be therapeutically inequivalent (class BX). The FDA has indicated that it has not identified anyserious safety concerns with the products. We continue to market our Methylphenidate ER products as a class BX-rated drug. The FDA's action to reclassifyour Methylphenidate ER products had, and is expected to continue to have a negative impact on net sales and operating income unless the FDA reverses itsdecision. Net sales of Methylphenidate ER were $136.5 million, $209.6 million and $148.3 million in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.In May 2014, we launched an authorized generic version of Exalgo, and subsequently additional competitors entered the market. Net sales of Exalgowere $39.4 million, $76.1 million and $126.1 million in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Net sales across the branded and authorized genericproducts during fiscal 2015 were less than those of the branded products during fiscal 2014.Restructuring InitiativesWe continue to realign our cost structure due to the changing nature of our business and look for opportunities to achieve operating efficiencies. In July2013 our board of directors approved a restructuring program in the amount of $100.0 million to $125.0 million ("the 2013 Mallinckrodt Program") that wasplanned to occur over a three-year period from the approval of the program, with a two-year cost recovery period. Through September 25, 2015, we incurredrestructuring charges of $96.9 million under the 2013 Mallinckrodt Program, which have and are expected to continue to generate savings, substantiallywithin our SG&A expenses. In addition to the 2013 Mallinckrodt Program, we have taken restructuring actions to generate synergies from our acquisitions.49Results of OperationsFiscal Year Ended September 25, 2015 Compared with Fiscal Year Ended September 26, 2014Net SalesNet sales by geographic area are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year20152014PercentageChangeU.S.$2,973.2$1,780.966.9 %Europe, Middle East and Africa236.2250.3(5.6)Other137.550.8170.7Net sales$3,346.9$2,082.060.8Net sales in fiscal 2015 increased $1,264.9 million, or 60.8%, to $3,346.9 million, compared with $2,082.0 million in fiscal 2014. This increase wasprimarily attributable to the inclusion of a full year of net sales of Acthar and Ofirmev, following their acquisition in fiscal 2014, and the April 2015acquisition of Inomax. Specialty Generics net sales increased due to higher net sales of hydrocodone-related products and the inclusion of a full year of netsales from BioVectra, partially offset by decreased net sales of Methylphenidate ER. Net sales in the Nuclear Imaging segment decreased slightly from fiscal2014. For further information on changes in our net sales, refer to "Business Segment Results" within this Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis ofFinancial Condition and Results of Operations.Operating IncomeGross profit. Gross profit for fiscal 2015 increased $793.4 million, or 74.8%, to $1,853.6 million, compared with $1,060.2 million in fiscal 2014. Theincrease in gross profit primarily resulted from increased net sales from Acthar, Ofirmev and Inomax. These increases were partially offset by a $390.2 millionincrease in amortization, primarily associated with Acthar, Ofirmev and Inomax intangibles, and an $18.4 million increase of expense recognition associatedwith fair value adjustments of inventory acquired, primarily related to Acthar and Inomax. Gross profit in the Nuclear Imaging segment increased $48.7million from fiscal 2014, when the segment experienced unscheduled shutdowns of our Mo-99 processing facility and the HFR that supplies us with Mo-99.Overall, gross profit margin was 55.4% during fiscal 2015, compared with 50.9% during fiscal 2014.Selling, general and administrative expenses. SG&A expenses for fiscal 2015 were $1,169.8 million, compared with $745.0 million for fiscal 2014, anincrease of $424.8 million, or 57.0%. The increase primarily resulted from the addition of $377.1 million of costs associated with our fiscal 2015 and 2014acquisitions, $73.0 million in legal charges related to Questcor shareholder litigation, DEA investigative matters and Synacthen related litigation and a $67.6million increase in share-based compensation associated with Questcor unvested equity awards that were converted into Mallinckrodt awards at the date ofthe Questcor Acquisition. These factors, were partially offset by an $11.5 million legal settlement related to Ofirmev during fiscal 2014, $15.0 million inother legal settlements in fiscal 2014, a $9.8 million decrease in environmental charges related to the Lower Passaic River environmental reserve and an$11.7 million decrease in transaction costs. The remaining decrease in SG&A expenses was primarily attributable to benefits from restructuring actions.SG&A expenses were 35.0% of net sales for fiscal 2015 and 35.8% of net sales for fiscal 2014.Research and development expenses. R&D expenses increased $21.6 million, or 13.2%, to $185.1 million in fiscal 2015, compared with $163.5 millionin fiscal 2014. Current R&D activities focus on performing clinical studies and publishing clinical and non-clinical experiences and evidence that supporthealth economic and patient outcomes. As a percentage of our net sales, R&D expenses were 5.5% and 7.9% in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively.Separation costs. During fiscal 2014, we incurred separation costs of $9.6 million, primarily related to our transition services agreement with our formerparent, our costs to implement information and accounting systems, and share-based compensation related to the conversion of equity awards associated withthe separation from our former parent.Restructuring and related charges, net. During fiscal 2015, we recorded $40.7 million of restructuring and related charges, net, of which $0.3 millionrelated to accelerated depreciation and was included in cost of sales. The remaining $40.4 million primarily related to $9.8 million of accelerated share-basedcompensation associated with Questcor unvested equity awards that were converted into Mallinckrodt awards at the date of the Questcor Acquisition andemployee severance and benefits within the50Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics segments. During fiscal 2014, we recorded restructuring and related charges, net of $81.9 million, of which $0.5million related to accelerated depreciation and was included in cost of sales. The remaining $81.4 million primarily related to $35.1 million of acceleratedshare-based compensation associated with Questcor employees, employee severance and benefits incurred across all our segments, and a $2.3 million assetimpairment.Non-restructuring impairment charges. During fiscal 2014, we recorded $151.6 million of non-restructuring impairment charges. The charges consistedof $119.5 million associated with impairment of goodwill in the Nuclear Imaging segment, $19.2 million of property, plant & equipment, and intangibleasset impairments of $12.8 million, which primarily relate to the impairment of Pennsaid intangibles upon the return of our product rights to Nuvo as part of alegal settlement.Gain on divestiture and license. During fiscal 2015 and 2014, we recorded gains on divestiture and license of $3.5 million and $15.0 million,respectively. The $15.0 million gain recorded during fiscal 2014 primarily resulted from an $11.7 million gain from the license of extended-releaseoxymorphone intellectual property to a third-party. The remaining gain in both periods primarily related to the sale of the rights to market TussiCaps™extended-release capsules in fiscal 2011.Non-Operating ItemsInterest expense and interest income. During fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014, net interest expense was $254.6 million and $81.1 million, respectively. Theincrease in net interest expense was primarily related to the issuance of approximately $1.3 billion of debt associated with the Cadence Acquisition,approximately $1.8 billion of debt associated with the Questcor Acquisition, approximately $1.4 billion of debt associated with the Ikaria Acquisition,approximately $1.3 billion of debt associated with the Therakos Acquisition and $36.5 million of interest accrued on deferred tax liabilities associated withoutstanding installment notes. Interest expense during fiscal 2015 and 2014 included $23.4 million and $7.7 million, respectively, of non-cash interestexpense.Other income, net. During fiscal 2015 and 2014, we recorded other income, net of $8.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively, which representsmiscellaneous items, including gains and losses on foreign currency intercompany financing transactions and related hedging instruments.Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. In fiscal 2015, we recognized an income tax benefit of $92.9 million on income from continuing operationsbefore income taxes of $215.3 million. In fiscal 2014, income tax benefit was $10.1 million on a loss from continuing operations before income taxes of$153.9 million. Our effective tax rate was negative 43.1% compared with 6.6% for fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2015was impacted by receiving a $10.4 million tax benefit on $53.4 million of transaction costs, $14.1 million of tax benefit associated with $40.7 million ofrestructuring costs, $6.6 million of tax benefit associated with accrued income tax liabilities and uncertain tax positions, $8.1 million of tax benefitassociated with U.S. credits, and $138.6 million of tax benefit associated with the rate difference between U.K. and non-U.K. jurisdictions. Our effective taxrate for fiscal 2014 was impacted by receiving a $17.4 million tax benefit on $74.7 million of transaction and Separation costs, $25.3 million of tax benefitassociated with $81.9 million of restructuring costs, $9.4 million of tax benefit associated with accrued income tax liabilities and uncertain tax positions,$4.1 million of tax benefit associated with the U.S. Domestic manufacturing deduction, $20.0 million of tax expense associated with an adjustment to theCompany’s wholly owned partnership investment, $6.8 million of tax benefit associated with the $138.5 million impairment of tangible and intangible assetsand goodwill, and $3.5 million of tax benefit associated with the rate difference between U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions (excluding impact of abovereferenced impairments).Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes. We recorded income of $16.5 million and a loss of $175.5 million on discontinuedoperations, net of income taxes, during fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively. The income in fiscal 2015 primarily related to the expiration of a $22.5 milliontax indemnification obligation associated with a business that was originally disposed of in fiscal 1997 and a $5.9 million loss from our CMDS businesswhich is classified as held for sale. Fiscal 2014 primarily reflects a $174.8 million loss from our CMDS business, primarily related to $204.0 million ofgoodwill, intangible and property, plant and equipment impairment charges and $47.2 million of restructuring charges. The remaining amounts, in bothperiods, were related to indemnification obligations provided to the purchaser of our Specialty Chemicals business (formerly known as Mallinckrodt Baker),which was sold during fiscal 2010.51Fiscal Year Ended September 26, 2014 Compared with Fiscal Year Ended September 27, 2013Net SalesNet sales by geographic area are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013 PercentageChangeU.S.$1,780.9 $1,421.6 25.3%Europe, Middle East and Africa250.3 250.1 0.1Other50.8 40.6 25.1Net sales$2,082.0 $1,712.3 21.6Net sales in fiscal 2014 increased $369.7 million, or 21.6%, to $2,082.0 million, compared with $1,712.3 million in fiscal 2013. This increase wasprimarily attributable to increased net sales in our Specialty Generics segment, driven by strategic initiatives on certain specialty controlled substancegenerics and increased Methylphenidate ER net sales. Specialty Brands net sales also contributed to the increase due to net sales of the fiscal 2014acquisitions of Acthar and Ofirmev. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in Nuclear Imaging net sales. For further information on changes in ournet sales, refer to "Business Segment Results" within this Item 7.Operating IncomeGross profit. Gross profit for fiscal 2014 increased $237.9 million, or 28.9%, to $1,060.2 million, compared with $822.3 million in fiscal 2013. Theincrease in gross profit primarily resulted from increased net sales from strategic initiatives and a further shift in net sales to the higher margin SpecialtyBrands segment, including the newly acquired Acthar and Ofirmev products. These increases were partially offset by a $126.9 million increase inamortization primarily associated with Acthar and Ofirmev, $25.7 million of expense recognition associated with the fair value adjustment of acquired Actharand Ofirmev inventory, a $16.7 million increase in inventory provision expense and higher raw material costs in the Nuclear Imaging segment, including theunscheduled shutdowns of our Mo-99 processing facility and the HFR that supplies us with Mo-99. Overall, gross profit margin was 50.9% in fiscal 2014,compared with 48.0% in fiscal 2013. The fiscal 2014 profit margin includes the increased amortization and expense recognition of inventory fair valueadjustments.Selling, general and administrative expenses. SG&A expenses for fiscal 2014 were $745.0 million, compared with $495.9 million for fiscal 2013, anincrease of $249.1 million, or 50.2%. The increase primarily resulted from higher internal and third-party expenses associated with being an independent,publicly-traded company, $93.0 million from the inclusion of SG&A costs associated with Acthar and Ofirmev, $65.1 million of transaction costs associatedwith our fiscal 2014 acquisitions, a $23.1 million environmental remediation charge, and $29.6 million of higher selling expenses in our Brands businessrelated to the launch of Xartemis XR and Pennsaid 2%. These increases were partially offset by benefits from restructuring actions and certain prior year coststhat did not recur in fiscal 2014. In fiscal 2013, SG&A expenses included higher legal settlement costs and $39.6 million of allocations from Covidien forgeneral corporate expenses. These allocations are generally consistent with functions we have developed in our corporate build-out and ceased following thecompletion of the Separation on June 28, 2013. SG&A expenses were 35.8% of net sales for fiscal 2014 and 29.0% of net sales for fiscal 2013.Research and development expenses. R&D expenses increased $5.6 million, or 3.5%, to $163.5 million in fiscal 2014, compared with $157.9 million infiscal 2013. As products, such as Xartemis XR, Pennsaid 2% and MNK-155, moved toward or through the FDA review process, we devoted additionalresources to other potential products in our R&D pipeline and the pursuit of abuse-deterrent labeling for Xartemis XR. As a percentage of our net sales, R&Dexpenses were 7.9% and 9.2% fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively.Separation costs. During fiscal 2014 and 2013, we incurred separation costs of $9.6 million and $74.2 million, respectively, primarily related to legal,accounting, tax and other professional fees. Separation costs were higher in fiscal 2013 as we approached and completed the Separation on June 28, 2013. Wecontinued to incur costs related to the Separation as a result of our transition services agreement with Covidien, our costs to implement information andaccounting systems, share-based compensation related to the conversion of Covidien awards to Mallinckrodt awards, and other transitional costs.Restructuring and related charges, net. During fiscal 2014, we recorded restructuring and related charges, net of $81.9 million, of which $0.5 millionrelated to accelerated depreciation and was included in cost of sales. The remaining $81.4 million primarily52related to $35.1 million of accelerated share-based compensation associated with Questcor employees, severance and benefits incurred across all oursegments, and a $2.3 million asset impairment. During fiscal 2013, we recorded restructuring and related charges, net of $26.3 million, of which $2.6 millionrelated to accelerated depreciation and was included in cost of sales. The remaining $23.7 million primarily related to severance and employee benefit costsincurred across all our segments.Non-restructuring impairment charges. During fiscal 2014, we recorded $151.6 million of non-restructuring impairment charges. The charges consistedof $119.5 million associated with impairment of goodwill in the Nuclear Imaging segment, $19.2 million of property, plant & equipment, and intangibleasset impairments of $12.8 million, which primarily relate to the impairment of Pennsaid intangibles upon the return of our product rights to Nuvo as part of alegal settlement.Gain on divestitures. During fiscal 2014 and 2013, we recorded gains on divestiture and license of $15.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The$15.0 million gain recorded during fiscal 2014 primarily resulted from an $11.7 million gain from the license of extended-release oxymorphone intellectualproperty to a third-party.Non-Operating ItemsInterest expense and interest income. During fiscal 2014 and 2013, net interest expense was $81.1 million and $19.2 million, respectively. Net interestexpense is primarily attributable to our $900.0 million issuance of senior unsecured notes in April 2013, $1.3 billion of debt associated with our March 2014acquisition of Cadence and approximately $1.8 billion of debt associated with our August 2014 acquisition of Questcor. Interest expense during fiscal 2014and 2013 included $7.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of non-cash interest expense.Other income, net. During fiscal 2014 and 2013, we recorded other income, net, of $3.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, which representsmiscellaneous items, including gains and losses on foreign currency intercompany financing transactions and related hedging instruments.Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. In fiscal 2014, we recognized an income tax benefit of $10.1 million on a loss from continuing operationsbefore income taxes of $153.9 million. In fiscal 2013, income tax expense was $47.5 million on income from continuing operations before income taxes of$55.7 million. Our effective tax rate was 6.6% compared with 85.3% for fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2014 wasimpacted by receiving a $17.4 million tax benefit on $74.7 million of transaction and Separation costs, $25.3 million of tax benefit associated with $81.9million of restructuring costs, $9.4 million of tax benefit associated with accrued income tax liabilities and uncertain tax positions, $4.1 million of taxbenefit associated with the U.S. Domestic manufacturing deduction, $20.0 million of tax expense associated with an adjustment to the Company’s whollyowned partnership investment, $6.8 million of tax benefit associated with the $138.5 million impairment of tangible and intangible assets and goodwill, and$3.5 million of tax benefit associated with the rate difference between U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions (excluding impact of above referenced impairments).Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2013 was impacted by receiving a $4.2 million tax benefit on $74.2 million of separation costs due to the tax-free status of theSeparation, $9.7 million of tax expense associated with uncertain tax positions, $2.5 million of tax benefit associated with the U.S. Domestic manufacturingdeduction, and $3.3 million of tax expense associated with the rate difference between U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, which includes the benefit ofintercompany debt transferred to the Company at the Separation.Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes. We recorded a loss of $175.5 million and income of $50.6 million from discontinuedoperations, net of income taxes, during fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively. Fiscal 2014 reflected a $174.8 million loss from our CMDS business, primarilyrelated to $204.0 million of goodwill, intangible and property, plant and equipment impairment charges and $47.2 million of restructuring charges. Fiscal2013 reflected $49.6 million of income from our CMDS business. The remaining amounts in each period related to indemnification obligations to thepurchaser of our Specialty Chemicals business (formerly known as Mallinckrodt Baker), which was sold during fiscal 2010.Business Segment ResultsThe businesses included within our reportable segments are described below:Specialty Brands•includes biopharmaceutical drugs for autoimmune and rare diseases and pharmaceutical drugs for immunotherapy and neonatal respiratorycritical care, and central nervous system drugs.Specialty Generics•produces specialty generic pharmaceuticals and API consisting of biologics, medicinal opioids, synthetic controlled substances, acetaminophenand other active ingredients.53Nuclear Imaging•manufactures and markets radioactive isotopes and associated pharmaceuticals used for the diagnosis and treatment of disease.Management measures and evaluates the Company's operating segments based on segment net sales and operating income. Management excludescorporate expenses from segment operating income. In addition, certain amounts that management considers to be non-recurring or non-operational areexcluded from segment operating income because management evaluates the operating results of the segments excluding such items. These items includerevenues and certain expenses associated with sales of products to Guerbet, intangible asset amortization, net restructuring and related charges, non-restructuring impairments and separation costs. Although these amounts are excluded from segment operating income, as applicable, they are included inreported consolidated and combined operating income and in the reconciliations presented below. Selected information by business segment is as follows:Fiscal Year Ended September 25, 2015 Compared with Fiscal Year Ended September 26, 2014Net SalesNet sales by segment are shown in the following table (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2015 2014 PercentageChangeSpecialty Brands$1,622.8 $413.5 292.5 %Specialty Generics1,251.6 1,199.4 4.4Nuclear Imaging423.8 431.7 (1.8)Net sales of operating segments3,298.2 2,044.6 61.3Other (1)48.7 37.4 30.2Net sales$3,346.9 $2,082.0 60.8(1)Represents historical CMDS-related intercompany transactions that represent Mallinckrodt continuing operations under an ongoing supply agreement with the acquirerof the CMDS business.Specialty Brands. Net sales for fiscal 2015 increased $1,209.3 million, or 292.5%, to $1,622.8 million, compared with $413.5 million for fiscal 2014.The increase in net sales was primarily driven by the inclusion of a full year of net sales of Acthar and Ofirmev, following their acquisition in fiscal 2014,which increased net sales by $914.4 million and $138.6 million, respectively. The April 2015 acquisition of Inomax further increased net sales by $185.2million. These factors were partially offset by a $36.7 million decline in net sales from branded Exalgo products following the loss of exclusivity in May2014.Net sales for Specialty Brands by geography are as follows (dollars in millions):Fiscal Year2015 2014PercentageChangeU.S.$1,610.3$413.1289.8%Europe, Middle East and Africa9.90.42,375.0Other2.6——Net sales$1,622.8$413.5292.554Net sales for Specialty Brands by key products are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2015 2014 Percentage ChangeActhar$1,037.3 $122.9 744.0 %Ofirmev263.0 124.4 111.4Inomax185.2 — —Exalgo39.4 76.1 (48.2)Other97.9 90.1 8.7Specialty Brands$1,622.8 $413.5 292.5Specialty Generics. Net sales for fiscal 2015 increased $52.2 million, or 4.4%, to $1,251.6 million, compared with $1,199.4 million for fiscal 2014. Theincrease in net sales was primarily driven by a $67.8 million increase in net sales of hydrocodone-related products and $72.5 million from the acquisition ofBioVectra in August 2014. These increases were partially offset by a $73.1 million decrease in Methylphenidate ER and a $12.3 million decrease in othercontrolled substances. The increase in net sales of hydrocodone-related products was related to the conversion from Schedule III to Schedule II by the DEA inOctober 2014. Net sales of oxycodone-related products reflect the implementation of strategic initiatives during fiscal 2014, which also resulted in $24.4million of payments during fiscal 2014 as a consequence of these initiatives. The decrease in Methylphenidate ER net sales was primarily attributable to thereclassification of these products by the FDA to therapeutically inequivalent status. Net sales in the Specialty Generics segment are expected to decreaseapproximately 15% to 20% in fiscal 2016 due to increased competition and market pricing pressures.Net sales for Specialty Generics by geography are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2015 2014 PercentageChangeU.S.$1,036.7 $1,071.9 (3.3)%Europe, Middle East and Africa100.5 103.0 (2.4)Other114.4 24.5 366.9Net sales$1,251.6 $1,199.4 4.4Net sales for Specialty Generics by key products are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2015 2014 Percentage ChangeHydrocodone (API) and hydrocodone-containing tablets$167.2 $99.4 68.2 %Oxycodone (API) and oxycodone-containing tablets154.6 155.2 (0.4)Methylphenidate ER136.5 209.6 (34.9)Other controlled substances572.2 584.5 (2.1)Other221.1 150.7 46.7 Specialty Generics$1,251.6 $1,199.4 4.4Nuclear Imaging. Net sales for fiscal 2015 decreased $7.9 million, or 1.8%, to $423.8 million compared with $431.7 million for fiscal 2014. The decreasewas primarily driven by a $22.8 million unfavorable impact from exchange rates, particularly by changes in the Euro and Canadian Dollar.55Net sales for Nuclear Imaging by geography are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2015 2014 PercentageChangeU.S.$277.5 $258.5 7.4 %Europe, Middle East and Africa125.8 146.9 (14.4)Other20.5 26.3 (22.1)Net sales$423.8 $431.7 (1.8)Operating IncomeOperating income by segment and as a percentage of segment net sales for fiscal 2015 and 2014 is shown in the following table (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2015 2014Specialty Brands$651.340.1% $(50.6)(12.2)%Specialty Generics622.049.7 617.451.5Nuclear Imaging66.415.7 (16.7)(3.9)Segment operating income1,339.740.6 550.126.9Unallocated amounts: Corporate and allocated expenses(286.9) (228.1) Intangible asset amortization(550.3) (154.8) Restructuring and related charges, net (1)(40.7) (81.9) Non-restructuring impairment charges— (151.6) Separation costs— (9.6) Total operating income (loss)$461.8 $(75.9) (1)Includes restructuring-related accelerated depreciation.Specialty Brands. Operating income for fiscal 2015 increased $701.9 million to $651.3 million, compared with a $50.6 million loss for fiscal 2014. Ouroperating margin increased to 40.1% for fiscal 2015, compared with negative 12.2% for fiscal 2014. The increase in operating income and margin wasimpacted by the $1,209.3 million increase in net sales, primarily attributable to the timing of acquisitions of Acthar, Ofirmev and Inomax. These higher netsales were partially offset by a $309.4 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs primarily associated with these acquisitions, a $67.6million increase in share-based compensation expense associated with Questcor unvested equity awards that were converted into Mallinckrodt awards at thedate of the Questcor Acquisition, and a $28.4 million increase in research and development. The operating loss for fiscal 2014 reflected selling and marketingexpenses incurred principally to support Xartemis XR.Specialty Generics. Operating income for fiscal 2015 increased $4.6 million to $622.0 million, compared with $617.4 million for fiscal 2014. Ouroperating margin decreased to 49.7% for fiscal 2015, compared with 51.5% for fiscal 2014. The increase in operating income was impacted by the highergross profit from the $52.2 million increase in net sales partially offset by an $11.7 million gain in fiscal 2014 from the license of extended-releaseoxymorphone intellectual property. The decrease in the operating margin was primarily attributable to lower net sales of high-margin Methylphenidate ER infiscal 2015.Nuclear Imaging. Operating income for fiscal 2015 increased $83.1 million to $66.4 million, compared with a $16.7 million loss in fiscal 2014. Ouroperating margin increased to 15.7% for fiscal 2015, compared with negative 3.9% for fiscal 2014. The increase in operating income and margin wasprimarily attributable to a $48.7 million increase in gross profit, despite lower net sales, due to higher costs in fiscal 2014 from the unscheduled shutdown ofour Mo-99 processing facility and the HFR that supplies our Mo-99. In addition, there was a $26.0 million decrease in selling, general and administrativecosts primarily due to benefits from restructuring actions. We expect that another unscheduled HFR shutdown, commencing in September 2015, willnegatively impact operating income by approximately $10.0 million to $15.0 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2016 and a lesser impact during thesecond quarter of fiscal 2016.Corporate and allocated expenses. Corporate and allocated expenses were $286.9 million and $228.1 million for fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively.Fiscal 2015 included $73.0 million in legal charges related to Questcor shareholder litigation, DEA56investigation matters and Synacthen related litigation, a $13.3 million environmental remediation charge and $53.4 million of transaction costs associatedwith the Ikaria and Therakos acquisitions. Fiscal 2014 included a $23.1 million environmental remediation charge, an $11.5 million settlement agreementaccrual and $65.1 million in transaction costs primarily related to the Questcor and Cadence acquisitions. The remaining increase was primarily attributableto higher professional fees associated with strategic initiatives.Fiscal Year Ended September 26, 2014 Compared with Fiscal Year Ended September 27, 2013Net SalesNet sales by segment are shown in the following table (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013 PercentageChangeSpecialty Brands$413.5 $206.4 100.3 %Specialty Generics1,199.4 1,011.2 18.6Nuclear Imaging431.7 437.6 (1.3)Net sales of operating segments2,044.6 1,655.2 23.5Other (1)37.4 57.1 (34.5)Net sales$2,082.0 $1,712.3 21.6(1)Represents historical CMDS-related intercompany transactions that represent Mallinckrodt continuing operations under an ongoing supply agreement with the acquirerof the CMDS business.Specialty Brands. Net sales for fiscal 2014 increased $207.1 million, or 100.3%, to $413.5 million, compared with $206.4 million for fiscal 2013. Theincrease in net sales was primarily driven by $124.4 million of net sales of Ofirmev and $122.9 million of net sales from Acthar. These increases were partiallyoffset by a $50.0 million decrease in net sales for branded Exalgo as we launched an authorized generic version and a competitor entered the market.Net sales for Specialty Brands by geography are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013 PercentageChangeU.S.$413.1 $206.4 100.1%Europe, Middle East and Africa0.4 — —Other— — —Net sales$413.5 $206.4 100.3Net sales for Specialty Brands by key products are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013 PercentageChangeActhar$122.9 $— — %Ofirmev124.4 — —Exalgo76.1 126.1 (39.7)Other90.1 80.3 12.2Specialty Brands$413.5 $206.4 100.357Specialty Generics. Net sales for fiscal 2014 increased $188.2 million, or 18.6%, to $1,199.4 million, compared with $1,011.2 million for fiscal 2013.The increase in net sales was primarily driven by a $157.4 million net sales increase from other controlled substances and oxycodone-related products,following certain strategic initiatives that offset lower volume, and a $61.3 million increase in Methylphenidate ER from favorable comparisons due totiming of the product launch in fiscal 2013. These increases were partially offset by a $40.6 million decrease in hydrocodone-related products due toincreased competition and lower pricing.Net sales for Specialty Generics by geography are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013 PercentageChangeU.S.$1,071.9 $891.5 20.2 %Europe, Middle East and Africa103.0 104.1 (1.1)Other24.5 15.6 57.1Net sales$1,199.4 $1,011.2 18.6Net sales for Specialty Generics by key products are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013 PercentageChangeHydrocodone (API) and hydrocodone-containing tablets$99.4 $140.0 (29.0)%Oxycodone (API) and oxycodone-containing tablets155.2 139.0 11.7Methylphendiate ER209.6 148.3 41.3Other controlled substances584.5 443.3 31.9Other150.7 140.6 7.2 Specialty Generics$1,199.4 $1,011.2 18.6Nuclear Imaging. Net sales for fiscal 2014 decreased $5.9 million, or 1.3%, to $431.7 million compared with $437.6 million for fiscal 2013. Nuclearsales decreased only slightly despite supply chain disruptions in fiscal 2014.Net sales for Nuclear Imaging by geography are as follows (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013 PercentageChangeU.S.$258.5 $264.0 (2.1)%Europe, Middle East and Africa146.9 146.0 0.6Other26.3 27.6 (4.7)Net sales$431.7 $437.6 (1.3)58Operating IncomeOperating income by segment and as a percentage of segment net sales for fiscal 2014 and 2013 is shown in the following table (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2014 2013Specialty Brands$(50.6)(12.2)% $(36.2)(17.5)%Specialty Generics617.451.5 347.934.4Nuclear Imaging(16.7)(3.9) 24.55.6Segment operating income550.126.9 336.220.3Unallocated amounts: Corporate and allocated expenses(228.1) (134.3) Intangible asset amortization(154.8) (27.9) Restructuring and related charges, net (1)(81.9) (26.3) Non-restructuring impairment charges(151.6) — Separation costs(9.6) (74.2) Total operating (loss) income$(75.9) $73.5 (1)Includes restructuring-related accelerated depreciation.Specialty Brands. Operating income for fiscal 2014 decreased $14.4 million to a loss of $50.6 million, compared with a loss of $36.2 million for fiscal2013. Our operating margin improved to negative 12.2% for fiscal 2014, compared with negative 17.5% for fiscal 2013. The most significant impact to theSpecialty Brands segment was associated with the inclusion of Acthar and Ofirmev, which were acquired in August 2014 and March 2014, respectively. Theincreased loss was attributable to including $25.7 million of expense recognition associated with the fair value adjustment of acquired Acthar and Ofirmevinventory in fiscal 2014. The Specialty Brands segment experienced a $160.9 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs that includes $91.4million of costs associated with the inclusion of Acthar and Ofirmev and higher expenses associated with the launch of Xartemis XR. These higher expenseswere partially offset by the $207.1 million increase in Specialty Brands net sales in fiscal 2014 compared with fiscal 2013.Specialty Generics. Operating income for fiscal 2014 increased $269.5 million to $617.4 million, compared with $347.9 million for fiscal 2013. Ouroperating margin increased to 51.5% for fiscal 2014, compared with 34.4% for fiscal 2013. The increase in operating income and margin was primarily due tobenefits from strategic initiatives on certain specialty controlled substance generic products. In addition, the Specialty Generics segment recognized an $11.7million gain on the license of intellectual property to a third-party in fiscal 2014.Nuclear Imaging. Operating income for fiscal 2014 decreased $41.2 million to a $16.7 million loss, compared with $24.5 million of income in fiscal2013. Our operating margin decreased to negative 3.9% for fiscal 2014, compared with 5.6% for fiscal 2013. The decrease in operating income and marginwas primarily attributable to unscheduled shutdowns of our Mo-99 processing facility and the HFR, which decreased operating income by approximately$21.0 million compared to the prior year period, and lower net sales.Corporate and allocated expenses. Corporate and allocated expenses were $228.1 million and $134.3 million for fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively.The increase primarily resulted from $65.1 million of transaction costs associated with our Questcor and Cadence acquisitions, a $23.1 million environmentalremediation charge, increased internal and third-party costs of being an independent publicly-traded company, which was partially offset by certain prioryear costs that did not recur in fiscal 2014. We were allocated general corporate expenses of $39.6 million during fiscal 2013 for certain services provided byCovidien. These allocations ceased in periods following the completion of the Separation on June 28, 2013.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesSignificant factors driving our liquidity position include cash flows generated from operating activities, financing transactions, capital expenditures andcash paid in connection with acquisitions and license agreements. Historically, we have typically generated, and expect to continue to generate, positivecash flow from operations. Through June 28, 2013, as part of Covidien, our cash was swept regularly by Covidien at its discretion. Covidien also funded ouroperating and investing activities as needed prior to the Separation. The cash and cash equivalents held by Covidien at the corporate level were notspecifically identifiable or otherwise allocable to us and, as such, were not reflected on the combined balance sheets for dates prior to June 28, 2013. Cashflows related to59financing activities prior to the Separation reflect changes in Covidien's investments in us. Transfers of cash to and from Covidien were reflected as acomponent of parent company investment within parent company equity on our combined balance sheets through June 28, 2013. Our cash flows for periodsprior to June 28, 2013, may not be indicative of our future performance and do not necessarily represent the cash flows that would have been generated hadwe operated as an independent, publicly-traded company for the entirety of the periods presented.Effective June 28, 2013, we no longer participated in cash management and funding arrangements with Covidien and our ability to fund our capitalneeds is impacted by our ongoing ability to generate cash from operations and access to capital markets. We believe that our future cash from operations,borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and access to capital markets will provide adequate resources to fund our working capital needs,capital expenditures and strategic investments.In fiscal 2016, we intend to fund capital expenditures with cash generated from operations. At September 25, 2015, we had capital expenditurecommitments of $25.2 million.A summary of our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities is provided in the following table (dollars in millions): Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Net cash (used in) provided by: Operating activities$896.4 $373.4 $135.9Investing activities(2,296.6) (2,890.8) (234.7)Financing activities1,069.9 2,953.9 373.0Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(11.6) (4.2) 1.3Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents$(341.9) $432.3 $275.5Operating ActivitiesNet cash provided by operating activities of $896.4 million for fiscal 2015 was primarily attributable to income from continuing operations, as adjustedfor non-cash items, and a $33.4 million inflow from net investment in working capital. The working capital inflow was primarily driven by a $61.3 milliondecrease in inventory as we reduced inventory levels in fiscal 2015, a $30.2 million increase in net tax related balances and a $20.4 million increase inaccounts payable after completing our fiscal 2015 acquisitions. These increases were offset by $79.2 million decrease in other assets and liabilities, whichwas driven primarily by increased restructuring and royalty payments in fiscal 2015.Net cash provided by operating activities of $373.4 million for fiscal 2014 was primarily attributable to income from continuing operations, as adjustedfor non-cash items, and a $66.9 million inflow from net investment in working capital. The working capital inflow was primarily driven by a $56.0 milliondecrease in inventory as we reduced inventory levels in fiscal 2014 and a $110.5 million increase in other accrued liabilities. The increase in other accruedliabilities includes higher incentive compensation reserves, current year accruals for unpaid legal settlements and higher accrued interest balances reflectingour fiscal 2014 financing transactions, all of which were partially offset by declines in accrued branded rebates following the introduction of genericalternatives to Exalgo. These increases were offset by $54.8 million in payments to taxing authorities, a $51.3 million increase in accounts receivable drivenby increased net sales and a $32.9 million decrease in accounts payable after completing our fiscal 2014 acquisitions.Net cash provided by operating activities of $135.9 million for fiscal 2013 was primarily attributable to income from continuing operations, as adjustedfor non-cash items, partially offset by a $79.0 million outflow from net investment in working capital. The working capital outflow was primarily driven by a$181.2 million increase in accounts receivable and a $16.0 million outflow in other working capital accounts, partially offset by a $60.7 million increase inincome taxes payable, which was substantially settled through parent company investment, a $27.7 million decrease in inventory and a $22.6 millionincrease in accrued and other liabilities. The increase in accounts receivable was primarily attributable to the fact that $95.6 million of accounts receivable incertain jurisdictions outside the U.S. were retained by Covidien through parent company investment, which is included within the financing section of theconsolidated and combined statement of cash flows.Investing ActivitiesNet cash used in investing activities decreased $594.2 million to $2,296.6 million for fiscal 2015, compared with $2,890.8 million for fiscal 2014. Thedecrease primarily resulted from fiscal 2015 payments, net of cash acquired, of $978.4 million and $1,176.3 million related to the acquisitions of Therakosand Ikaria, respectively; compared with fiscal 2014 payments, net of cash acquired, of $1,490.5 million and $1,286.0 million related to the acquisition ofQuestcor and Cadence, respectively, and $17.3 million for the acquisition of other intangible assets. This decrease was partially offset by a $24.7 milliondecrease in other cash inflows, which60included proceeds from the sale of investments and assets in the prior year, and a $20.2 million increase in capital expenditures in fiscal 2015 compared withfiscal 2014.Net cash used in investing activities increased $2,656.1 million to $2,890.8 million for fiscal 2014, compared with $234.7 million for fiscal 2013. Theincrease primarily resulted from fiscal 2014 payments, net of cash acquired, of $1,490.5 million and $1,286.0 million related to the acquisition of Questcorand Cadence, respectively, and $17.3 million for the acquisition of other intangible assets; compared with an $88.1 million payment made during fiscal 2013to acquire CNS Therapeutics. This net increase was partially offset by a $29.5 million increase in other cash inflows, which include proceeds from the sale ofinvestments and assets, and a $20.1 million decrease in capital expenditures in fiscal 2014 compared with fiscal 2013.Financing ActivitiesNet cash provided by financing activities decreased $1,884.0 million to $1,069.9 million for fiscal 2015, compared with $2,953.9 million for fiscal 2014.The decrease largely resulted from $1,848.4 million of cash outflows from the repayment of external debt and capital leases, offset by $2,970.1 million ofcash proceeds, net of financing costs, from the issuance of external debt to fund the Ikaria and Therakos acquisitions and increases in the accounts receivablesecuritization facility. Comparatively, fiscal 2014 included only $34.8 million of cash outflows from the repayment of external debt and capital leases, offsetby $2,971.5 million of cash proceeds, net of financing costs, from the issuance of external debt to fund the Cadence and Questcor acquisitions. The increaseddebt repayment was most significantly impacted by the assumption and immediate repayment of $1,118.5 million of Ikaria third-party debt and $344.8million of Therakos third-party debt, and the repayment of the $240.0 million of fiscal 2015 borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Additionally,there was $28.1 million of cash outflows resulting from payments of the BioVectra and Synacthen contingent considerations in fiscal 2015. These increasesin cash outflows were partially offset by a $33.8 million increase in cash inflows from the excess tax benefit derived from share-based compensation andproceeds from stock option exercises.Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,953.9 million for fiscal 2014, compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $373.0million for fiscal 2013. The $2,580.9 million increase in cash provided by financing activities resulted from the receipt of $2,971.5 million of cash proceeds,net of financing costs, from the issuance of external debt used to fund the Cadence and Questcor acquisitions compared with $886.1 million from theissuance of debt in the prior year. This net increase was partially offset by a $33.5 million increase in debt and capital lease repayments, primarily related todebt assumed in the Cadence acquisition, and prior year net transfers to Covidien of $515.9 million, which reflected the remittance of the net proceeds fromthe issuance of debt partially offset by funding of the CNS Therapeutics, Inc. acquisition and funding of capital expenditures.InflationInflationary pressures have had an adverse effect on us through higher raw material and fuel costs, primarily in our Nuclear Imaging segment as notedpreviously. We have entered into commodity swap contracts in the past to mitigate the impact of rising prices and may do so in the future. If these contractsare not effective or we are not able to achieve price increases on our products, we may continue to be impacted by these increased costs.Foreign CurrencyCertain net sales and costs of our international operations are denominated in the local currency of the respective countries. As such, profits from thesesubsidiaries may be impacted by fluctuations in the value of these local currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. We also have significant intercompanyfinancing arrangements that may result in gains and losses in our results of operations. In an effort to mitigate the impact of currency exchange rate effects wemay hedge certain operational and intercompany transactions; however, our hedging strategies may not fully offset gains and losses recognized in our resultsof operations.Concentration of Credit and Other RisksFinancial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of accounts receivable. We generally do not requirecollateral from customers. A portion of our accounts receivable outside the U.S. includes sales to government-owned or supported healthcare systems inseveral countries, which are subject to payment delays. Payment is dependent upon the financial stability and creditworthiness of those countries' nationaleconomies.61Debt and CapitalizationAt September 25, 2015, total debt principal was $6,606.5 million compared with total debt principal at September 26, 2014 of $3,980.8 million. Theincrease in total debt principal resulted from financing transactions to fund our fiscal 2015 acquisitions. Total debt principal at September 25, 2015 iscomprised of $1,978.5 million of variable rate term loans, $3,972.7 million of fixed rate instruments, $500.0 million of borrowings under our variable raterevolving credit facility, $153.0 million of borrowings under a variable rate receivable securitization program and $2.3 million of capital lease obligations.The variable-rate term loan interest rates are based on LIBOR, subject to a minimum LIBOR level of 0.75% with interest payments generally expected to bepayable every 90 days, and requires quarterly principal payments equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount. As of September 25, 2015 our fixed-rateinstruments had a weighted-average interest rate of 5.2% and pay interest at various dates throughout the fiscal year. As of September 25, 2015, theapplicable interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Revolver was 2.6%, which is determined as LIBOR plus margin of 2.25%. As of September 25,2015, the applicable interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Receivable Securitization was 1.0%, which is determined as the one month LIBORrate plus a margin of 0.80%. The receivable securitization has a capacity of $250.0 million that may, subject to certain conditions, be increased to $300.0million.At September 25, 2015, $22.3 million of our total debt is classified as current as these payments are expected to be made within the next fiscal year.In addition to the borrowing capacity under our receivable securitization program, we have a $500.0 million revolving credit facility. At September 25,2015, we had fully utilized our revolving credit facility. As such the was no additional borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility.As of September 25, 2015, we were, and expect to remain, in compliance with the provisions and covenants associated with our debt agreements.In November 2015, our Board of Directors authorized us to reduce our outstanding debt at our discretion. As market conditions warrant, we may fromtime to time repurchase debt securities issued by us, in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, by tender offer or otherwise. Such repurchases, ifany, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.For additional information regarding our debt agreements, refer to Note 12 of Notes to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements includedwithin Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.CapitalizationShareholders' equity was $5,311.2 million, at September 25, 2015, compared with $4,958.0 million, at September 26, 2014. The increase in shareholder'sequity is primarily attributed to fiscal year 2015 net income, share-based compensation, share option exercises and changes in accumulated othercomprehensive income, partially offset by repurchases of common sharesIn January 2015, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program of up to $300.0 million of ordinary shares. Through September 25, 2015,the Company has repurchased approximately 0.8 million shares under this program at an aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million. In November 2015, ourBoard of Directors approved an incremental share repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of ordinary shares, which supplements the January 2015program. As market conditions warrant, we may from time to time repurchase equity securities issued by us, in the open market.DividendsWe currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future, as we intend to retain earnings to finance R&D, acquisitions and theoperation and expansion of our business. The recommendation, declaration and payment of dividends in the future by us will be subject to the sole discretionof our board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements of our operating subsidiaries,covenants associated with certain of our debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors deemed relevant by our board ofdirectors. Moreover, if we determine to pay dividends in the future, there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay such dividends.62Commitments and ContingenciesContractual ObligationsThe following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of September 25, 2015 (in millions): Payments Due By Period Total Less than 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years More than 5yearsLong-term debt obligations$6,604.2 $21.0 $495.2 $1,242.4 $4,845.6Interest on long-term debt obligations (1)1,935.6 269.5 575.2 527.7 563.2Capital lease obligations (1)2.3 1.3 1.0 — —Operating lease obligations95.0 21.1 32.7 20.6 20.6Purchase obligations (2)235.0 125.9 101.2 7.9 —Total contractual obligations$8,872.1 $438.8 $1,205.3 $1,798.6 $5,429.4(1)Interest on debt and capital lease obligations are projected for future periods using interest rates in effect as of September 25, 2015. Certain of these projected interestpayments may differ in the future based on changes in market interest rates.(2)Purchase obligations consist of commitments for purchases of goods and services made in the normal course of business to meet operational and capital requirements.The preceding table does not include other liabilities of $556.8 million, primarily consisting of obligations under our pension and postretirement benefitplans, unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions and related accrued interest and penalties, contingent consideration liabilities, environmentalliabilities and asset retirement obligations, because the timing of their future cash outflow is uncertain. The most significant of these liabilities are discussedbelow.Non-current income taxes payable, primarily related to unrecognized tax benefits, is included within other income tax liabilities on the consolidated andcombined balance sheet and, as of September 25, 2015, was $121.3 million. Payment of these liabilities is uncertain and, even if payments are determined tobe necessary, they are subject to the timing of rulings by the Internal Revenue Service of tax positions we take. For further information on income tax relatedmatters, refer to Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Dataof this Annual Report on Form 10-K.As of September 25, 2015, we had net unfunded pension and postretirement benefit obligations of $55.6 million and $52.2 million, respectively. Thetiming and amounts of long-term funding requirements for pension and postretirement obligations are uncertain. The Company does not anticipate makingmaterial involuntary contributions in fiscal 2016, but may elect to make voluntary contributions to its defined pension plans or its postretirement benefitplans during fiscal 2016.We are involved in various stages of investigation and cleanup related to environmental remediation matters at a number of sites. These projects relate toa variety of activities, including decontamination and decommissioning of radioactive materials and removal of solvents, metals and other hazardoussubstances from soil and groundwater. The ultimate cost of cleanup and timing of future cash outlays is difficult to predict given uncertainties regarding theextent of the required cleanup, the interpretation of applicable laws and regulations and alternative cleanup methods. As of September 25, 2015, we believethat it is probable that we will incur investigation and remedial costs of approximately $76.5 million, of which $3.2 million is included in accrued and othercurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet at September 25, 2015. Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements includedwithin Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K provides additional information regarding environmentalmatters, including asset retirement obligations.Legal ProceedingsWe are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, including patent infringement claims, product liability matters, environmental matters,employment disputes, contractual disputes and other commercial disputes, including those described in Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated and CombinedFinancial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Although it is not feasible to predict the outcome of thesematters, management believes that their ultimate resolution will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cashflows.GuaranteesIn disposing of assets or businesses, we have historically provided representations, warranties and indemnities to cover various risks and liabilities,including unknown damage to the assets, environmental risks involved in the sale of real estate, liability to investigate and remediate environmentalcontamination at waste disposal sites and manufacturing facilities, and unidentified tax liabilities related to periods prior to disposition. The Companyassesses the probability of potential liabilities related to such63representations, warranties and indemnities and adjusts potential liabilities as a result of changes in facts and circumstances. The Company has no reason tobelieve that these uncertainties would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These representations,warranties and indemnities are discussed in Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. FinancialStatements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe are required to provide the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission financial assurance demonstrating our ability to fund the decommissioning of ourMaryland Heights, Missouri radiopharmaceuticals production facility upon closure, though we do not intend to close this facility. We have provided thisfinancial assurance in the form of surety bonds totaling $57.2 million. As of September 25, 2015, we had various other letters of credit and guarantee andsurety bonds totaling $39.4 million.In April 2015, the Company terminated a letter of credit to guarantee decommissioning costs associated with its Saint Louis, Missouri plant and placed$21.1 million of restricted cash on deposit with a trustee. This restricted cash is included within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensedconsolidated balance sheet as of September 25, 2015.We exchanged title to $88.0 million of our plant assets in return for an equal amount of Industrial Revenue Bonds ("IRB") issued by Saint Louis County.We also simultaneously leased such assets back from Saint Louis County under a capital lease expiring through December 2025, the terms of which provideus with the right of offset against the IRBs.The lease also provides an option for us to repurchase the assets at the end of the lease for nominal consideration.These transactions collectively result in a property tax abatement ten years from the date the property is placed in service. Due to right of offset, the capitallease obligation and IRB asset are recorded net in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company expects that the right of offset will be applied to paymentsrequired under these arrangements.In addition, the Separation and Distribution Agreement provides for cross-indemnities principally designed to place financial responsibility of theobligations and liabilities of our business with us and financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of Covidien's remaining business withCovidien, among other indemnities.Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesThe consolidated and combined financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with accounting principles generally acceptedin the U.S. ("GAAP"). The preparation of the consolidated and combined financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to makeestimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts ofrevenues and expenses. The following accounting policies are based on, among other things, judgments and assumptions made by management that includeinherent risks and uncertainties. Management's estimates are based on the relevant information available at the end of each period.Revenue RecognitionWe recognize revenue for product sales when title and risk of loss have transferred from us to the buyer, which may be upon shipment, delivery to thecustomer site, consumption of the product by the customer, or over the period in which the customer has access to the product and related services, based oncontract terms or legal requirements in non-U.S. jurisdictions. We sell products through independent channels, including direct to retail pharmacies and enduser customers and through distributors who resell the products to retail pharmacies, institutions and end user customers. Certain products are sold anddistributed directly to hospitals. We establish contracts with wholesalers, chain stores, government agencies, institutions, managed care organizations andgroup purchasing organizations that provide for rebates, sales incentives, distribution service agreements ("DSAs") fees, fees for services and administrationfees. Direct rebates and fees are paid based on direct customer's purchases from us, including DSA fees paid to wholesalers under our DSAs. Indirect rebatesand fees are paid based on products purchased from a wholesaler under a contract with us. We enter into agreements with some indirect customers to establishcontract pricing for certain products. These indirect customers then independently select a wholesaler from which to purchase the products at these contractedprices. Alternatively, we may enter into agreements with wholesalers at a contract price to offer our products to other indirect customers. Under eitherarrangement, we provide credit to the wholesaler for any difference between the contracted price with the indirect customer and the wholesaler's invoice price.Such credit is called a chargeback.When we recognize net sales, we simultaneously record an adjustment to revenue for estimated chargebacks, rebates, product returns and other salesdeductions. These provisions are estimated based upon historical experience, estimated future trends, estimated customer inventory levels, current contractedsales terms with customers, level of utilization of our products and other competitive factors. We adjust reserves for rebates and chargebacks, product returnsand other sales deductions to reflect differences between estimated and actual experience. Such adjustments impact the amount of sales we recognize in theperiod of adjustment.64Sales return reserves for new products are estimated and primarily based on our historical sales return experience with similar products, such as thosewithin the same product line or those within the same or similar therapeutic category. In limited circumstances, where the new product is not an extension ofan existing product line or where we have no historical experience with products in a similar therapeutic category (such that we cannot reliably estimateexpected returns), we would defer recognition of revenue until the right of return no longer exists or until we have developed sufficient historical experienceto estimate sales returns. When establishing sales return reserves for new products, we also consider estimated levels of inventory in the distribution channeland projected demand. The following table reflects activity in our sales reserve accounts (dollars in millions): Rebates andChargebacks Product Returns Other SalesDeductions TotalBalance at September 28, 2012$188.0 $34.7 $12.3 $235.0Provisions1,081.7 33.4 56.8 1,171.9Payments or credits(1,046.6) (18.9) (53.7) (1,119.2)Balance at September 27, 2013223.1 49.2 15.4 287.7Provisions1,543.8 86.1 91.0 1,720.9Payments or credits(1,507.6) (33.3) (93.4) (1,634.3)Acquisitions30.1 0.5 — 30.6Balance at September 26, 2014289.4 102.5 13.0 404.9Provisions2,080.1 13.0 94.7 2,187.8Payments or credits(2,059.1) (43.9) (91.7) (2,194.7)Acquisitions0.2 1.1 — 1.3Balance at September 25, 2015$310.6 $72.7 $16.0 $399.3Provisions presented in the table above are recorded as reductions to net sales.Total provisions for fiscal 2015 increased $466.9 million compared with fiscal 2014. The increase in rebates and chargebacks of $536.3 millionprimarily related to a $456.1 million increase in Specialty Generics rebates and chargebacks following strategic pricing actions and a $38.8 million increasein Medicaid provisions related to including a full year of Acthar results in fiscal 2015. Provisions for returns decreased by $73.1 million due to a $53.5million decrease in Specialty Brands and a $19.5 million decrease in Specialty Generics, primarily due to hydrocodone rescheduling. The Specialty Brandsdecrease reflected a fiscal 2014 charge of $33.8 million provision for Exalgo following loss of exclusivity on the product, while fiscal 2015 included a $9.0million favorable change in estimate associated with the Exalgo returns reserves based on returns activity to date. Other sales deductions increased by $3.7million, primarily attributable to the Specialty Generics strategic pricing actions.Total provisions recorded in fiscal 2014 increased by $549.0 million compared with fiscal 2013. The increase in rebates and chargebacks of $462.1million primarily related to a $450.0 million increase in Specialty Generics rebates and chargebacks following strategic pricing actions and a full year ofMethylphenidate ER that increased both gross sales, and rebates and chargebacks. The remaining difference primarily included a $30.1 million increaseassociated with fiscal 2014 acquisitions that was partially offset by a decrease in Nuclear Imaging on lower volume. Provisions for returns increased by $52.7million primarily attributable to a $33.8 million provision for potential Exalgo returns following the loss of exclusivity during fiscal 2014. Other salesdeductions increased by $34.2 million, primarily attributable to the Specialty Generics strategic pricing actions. Goodwill and Other Intangible AssetsIn performing goodwill assessments, management relies on a number of factors including operating results, business plans, economic projections,anticipated future cash flows, transactions and market place data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and judgment in applying them tothe analysis of goodwill impairment. Since judgment is involved in performing goodwill valuation analyses, there is risk that the carrying value of ourgoodwill may be overstated or understated. We perform our goodwill valuations using an income approach based on the present value of future cash flows ofeach reporting unit. This approach incorporates many assumptions including future growth rates, discount factors and income tax rates. Changes in economicand operating conditions impacting these assumptions could result in goodwill impairment in future periods.We test goodwill during the fourth quarter of each year for impairment, or more frequently if certain indicators are present or changes in circumstancessuggest that impairment may exist. We utilize a two-step approach. The first step requires a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting units to the fairvalue of these units. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units through internal analyses and valuation, using an income approach based on the presentvalue of future cash flows. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we will perform the second step of the goodwill impairment tomeasure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwillwith its carrying value. To determine the implied fair value of goodwill, we allocate the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of thatunit, including intangible assets, as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Any excess of65the value of a reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities represents the implied fair value of goodwill. The results of our annualgoodwill impairment test for fiscal 2015 showed that the fair value of our Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics reporting units' exceeded their respectivecarrying values. In fiscal 2014, a goodwill impairment was recorded related to our former Global Medical Imaging reporting unit (which included the CMDSbusiness that is now presented as a discontinued operation and the remaining Nuclear Imaging reporting unit). For further information on our goodwillimpairment analysis, refer to Notes 2 and 11 of the Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statementsand Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Intangible assets include completed technology, licenses, trademarks and in-process research and development. We record intangible assets at cost andamortize finite-lived intangible assets, generally using the straight-line method over eight to thirty years. When a triggering event occurs, we evaluatepotential impairment of finite-lived intangible assets by first comparing undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset to its carrying value. We utilizesimilar assumptions as utilized in our goodwill valuation. If the carrying value is greater than the undiscounted cash flows, the amount of potentialimpairment is measured by comparing the fair value of the assets with their carrying value. The fair value of the intangible asset is estimated using an incomeapproach. If the fair value is less than the carrying value of the intangible asset, the amount recognized for impairment is equal to the difference between thecarrying value of the asset and the present value of future cash flows. Changes in economic and operating conditions impacting these assumptions couldresult in goodwill impairment in future periods. We assess the remaining useful life and the recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets whenever events orcircumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. No impairments of intangible assets were recorded in fiscal 2015.Impairments of an intangible assets, most notably associated with our CMDS business that is now presented as a discontinued operation, were recorded infiscal 2014. For more information on our intangible impairment analysis, refer to Notes 2, 10 and 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated and CombinedFinancial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.AcquisitionsAmounts paid for acquisitions are allocated to the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date ofacquisition. The Company then allocates the purchase price in excess of net tangible assets acquired to identifiable intangible assets, including purchasedresearch and development. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed valuations. These valuations rely on a number of factorsincluding operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, transactions and market place data. There are inherentuncertainties related to these factors and judgment in applying them to estimate the fair value of individual assets acquired in a business combination. Due tothese inherent uncertainties, there is risk that the carrying value of our recorded intangible assets and goodwill may be overstated or understated, which mayresult in an increased risk of impairment in future periods. We perform our intangible asset valuations using an income approach based on the present valueof future cash flows. This approach incorporates many assumptions including future growth rates, discount factors and income tax rates. Changes in economicand operating conditions impacting these assumptions could result in impairment in future periods.The Company's purchased research and development represents the estimated fair value as of the acquisition date of in-process projects that have notreached technological feasibility. The primary basis for determining technological feasibility of these projects is obtaining regulatory approval.The fair value of in-process research and development ("IPR&D") is determined using the discounted cash flow method. In determining the fair value ofIPR&D, the Company considers, among other factors, appraisals, the stage of completion of the projects, the technological feasibility of the projects, whetherthe projects have an alternative future use and the estimated residual cash flows that could be generated from the various projects and technologies over theirrespective projected economic lives. The discount rate used includes a rate of return which accounts for the time value of money, as well as risk factors thatreflect the economic risk that the cash flows projected may not be realized.The fair value attributable to IPR&D projects at the time of acquisition is capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and tested for impairmentuntil the project is completed or abandoned. Upon completion of the project, the indefinite-lived intangible asset is then accounted for as a finite-livedintangible asset and amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life. If the project is abandoned, the indefinite-lived intangible asset ischarged to expense.ContingenciesWe are involved, either as a plaintiff or a defendant, in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including, withoutlimitation, patent infringement, product liability and environmental matters, as further discussed in Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated and CombinedFinancial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on form 10-K. Accruals recorded forvarious contingencies, including legal proceedings, self-insurance and other claims, are based on judgment, the probability of losses and, where applicable,the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel, internal and/or external technical consultants and actuarially determined estimates.When a range is established66but a best estimate cannot be made, we record the minimum loss contingency amount. These estimates are often initially developed substantially earlier thanthe ultimate loss is known, and the estimates are reevaluated each accounting period as additional information becomes available. When we are initiallyunable to develop a best estimate of loss, we record the minimum amount of loss, which could be zero. As information becomes known, additional lossprovisions are recorded when either a best estimate can be made or the minimum loss amount is increased. When events result in an expectation of a morefavorable outcome than previously expected, our best estimate is changed to a lower amount. We record receivables from third-party insurers up to theamount of the related liability when we have determined that existing insurance policies will provide reimbursement. In making this determination, weconsider applicable deductibles, policy limits and the historical payment experience of the insurance carriers. Receivables are not netted against the relatedliabilities for financial statement presentation.Income TaxesIn determining income for financial statement purposes, we must make certain estimates and judgments. These estimates and judgments affect thecalculation of certain tax liabilities and the determination of the recoverability of certain of the deferred tax assets, which arise from temporary differencesbetween the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense.Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of thedeferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidenceincluding our past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years and our forecast of future taxable income. In estimating futuretaxable income, we develop assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and international pre-tax operating income, the reversal of temporarydifferences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts offuture taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we use to manage the underlying businesses.We determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. The tax benefit of any tax position that meets themore-likely-than-not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of theuncertainty. To the extent a full benefit is not realized on the uncertain tax position, an income tax liability is established. We adjust these liabilities as aresult of changing facts and circumstances; however; due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a paymentthat is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. A significant portion of our potential tax liabilities are recorded in non-currentincome taxes payable, which is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets, as payment is not expected within one year.The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude of jurisdictionsacross our global operations. Changes in tax laws and rates could affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future. Management is not aware ofany such changes, however, which would have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations andcash flows.We believe that we will generate sufficient future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdictions to realize the tax benefits related to the net deferred taxassets on our consolidated balance sheets. However, any reduction in future taxable income, including any future restructuring activities, may require that werecord an additional valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. An increase in the valuation allowance would result in additional income taxexpense in such period and could have a significant impact on our future earnings. Our income tax expense recorded in the future may also be reduced to theextent of decreases in our valuation allowances.Recently Issued Accounting StandardsRefer to Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ofthis Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion regarding recently issued accounting standards and their estimated impact on our financial condition,results of operations and cash flows.Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.Our operations include activities in the U.S. and countries outside of the U.S. These operations expose us to a variety of market risks, including theeffects of changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates. We monitor and manage these financial exposures as an integral part of our overall riskmanagement program. We do not utilize derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.67Interest Rate RiskOur exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our variable-rate debt instruments, which bear interest based on LIBOR plus margin. As ofSeptember 25, 2015, our outstanding debt included $1,978.5 million variable-rate debt on our senior secured term loan, $500.0 million on our seniorunsecured revolving credit facility and $153.0 million variable-rate debt on our receivables securitization program. Assuming a one percent increase in theapplicable interest rates, in excess of applicable minimum floors, annual interest expense would increase by approximately $26.3 million.The remaining outstanding debt as of September 25, 2015 is fixed-rate debt. Changes in market interest rates generally affect the fair value of fixed-ratedebt, but do not impact earnings or cash flows.Currency RiskCertain net sales and costs of our international operations are denominated in the local currency of the respective countries. As such, profits from thesesubsidiaries may be impacted by fluctuations in the value of these local currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. We also have significant intercompanyfinancing arrangements that may result in gains and losses in our results of operations. In an effort to mitigate the impact of currency exchange rate effects wemay hedge certain operational and intercompany transactions; however, our hedging strategies may not fully offset gains and losses recognized in our resultsof operations.The consolidated statement of income is exposed to currency risk from intercompany financing arrangements, which primarily consist of intercompanydebt and intercompany cash pooling, where the denominated currency of the transaction differs from the functional currency of one or more of oursubsidiaries. We performed a sensitivity analysis for these arrangements as of September 25, 2015 that measures the potential unfavorable impact to incomefrom continuing operations before income taxes from a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar, with allother variables held constant. The aggregate potential unfavorable impact from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign exchange rates was $20.0million as of September 25, 2015. This hypothetical loss does not reflect any hypothetical benefits that would be derived from hedging activities, includingcash holdings in similar foreign currencies, that we have historically utilized to mitigate our exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates.The financial results of our non-U.S. operations are translated into U.S. dollars, further exposing us to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We haveperformed a sensitivity analysis as of September 25, 2015 that measures the change in the net financial position arising from a hypothetical 10% adversemovement in the exchange rates of the Euro, the Mexican Peso and the Canadian Dollar, our most widely used foreign currencies, relative to the U.S. dollar,with all other variables held constant. The aggregate potential change in net financial position from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the abovecurrencies was $41.6 million as of September 25, 2015. The change in the net financial position associated with the translation of these currencies isgenerally recorded as an unrealized gain or loss on foreign currency translation within accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity ofour consolidated balance sheets.68Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTSConsolidated and Combined Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.70Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal years ended September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014 and the Consolidated andCombined Statement of Income for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2013.71Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended September 26, 2015 and September 26, 2014 and theConsolidated and Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2013.72Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014.73Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014 and the Consolidatedand Combined Statement of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2013.74Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the period from September 27, 2013 to September 25, 2015 and theConsolidated and Combined Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the period from September 28, 2012 to September 27,2013.75Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.7669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Mallinckrodt plc:We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mallinckrodt plc and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 25, 2015 andSeptember 26, 2014, and the related consolidated and combined statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cashflows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended September 25, 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index atItem 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express anopinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require thatwe plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includesexamining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accountingprinciples used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our auditsprovide a reasonable basis for our opinion.In our opinion, such consolidated and combined financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Mallinckrodt plc andsubsidiaries as of September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the periodended September 25, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financialstatement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, theinformation set forth therein.As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated and combined financial statements, the Company’s combined financial statements for periods prior to June 28,2013, including the nine months ended June 28, 2013 that is included within the Company’s fiscal 2013 results, may not be indicative of the Company’sfuture performance and do not necessarily reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows that would have been had it operated as anindependent, publicly-traded company for the entirety of the periods presented.We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal controlover financial reporting as of September 25, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by theCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated November 24, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on theCompany's internal control over financial reporting./s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLPSt. Louis, MissouriNovember 24, 201570MALLINCKRODT PLCCONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF INCOME(in millions, except per share data) Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Net sales$3,346.9 $2,082.0 $1,712.3Cost of sales1,493.3 1,021.8 890.0Gross profit1,853.6 1,060.2 822.3 Selling, general and administrative expenses1,169.8 745.0 495.9Research and development expenses185.1 163.5 157.9Restructuring charges, net40.4 81.4 23.7Separation costs— 9.6 74.2Non-restructuring impairment charges— 151.6 —Gain on divestiture and license(3.5) (15.0) (2.9)Operating income (loss)461.8 (75.9) 73.5 Interest expense(255.6) (82.6) (19.5)Interest income1.0 1.5 0.3Other income, net8.1 3.1 1.4Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes215.3 (153.9) 55.7 Provision for (benefit from) income taxes(92.9) (10.1) 47.5Income (loss) from continuing operations308.2 (143.8) 8.2 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit) of $11.5, $(34.7), and $21.116.5 (175.5) 50.6 Net income (loss)$324.7 $(319.3) $58.8 Basic earnings per share (Note 8): Income (loss) from continuing operations$2.64 $(2.22) $0.14Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes0.14 (2.70) 0.88Net income (loss)$2.78 $(4.92) $1.02 Basic weighted-average shares outstanding115.8 64.9 57.7 Diluted earnings per share (Note 8): Income (loss) from continuing operations$2.61 $(2.22) $0.14Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes0.14 (2.70) 0.88Net income (loss)$2.75 $(4.92) $1.02 Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding117.2 64.9 57.8See Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.71MALLINCKRODT PLCCONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME(in millions) Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Net income (loss)$324.7 $(319.3) $58.8Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Currency translation adjustments(70.8) (27.6) 1.5Unrecognized gain (loss) on derivatives, net of tax (benefit) expense of $0.2, $0.2 and $-0.4 0.5 (7.3)Unrecognized gain (loss) on benefit plans, net of tax (benefit) expense of $(2.1), $(7.3) and $23.95.6 (15.7) 34.2Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(64.8) (42.8) 28.4Comprehensive income (loss)$259.9 $(362.1) $87.2See Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.72MALLINCKRODT PLCCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(in millions, except share data) September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014Assets Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents$365.9 $707.8Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4.7 and $3.7548.5 476.6Inventories281.8 306.4Deferred income taxes142.7 152.3Prepaid expenses and other current assets207.3 227.1Current assets held for sale299.9 200.8Total current assets1,846.1 2,071.0Property, plant and equipment, net991.3 886.8Goodwill3,649.4 2,401.9Intangible assets, net9,666.3 7,082.2Long-term assets held for sale— 111.2Other assets251.0 234.2Total Assets$16,404.1 $12,787.3Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt$22.3 $21.2Accounts payable133.0 110.7Accrued payroll and payroll-related costs103.7 116.3Accrued royalties29.3 67.7Accrued and other current liabilities568.3 529.9Current liabilities held for sale72.8 59.0Total current liabilities929.4 904.8Long-term debt6,474.3 3,874.0Pension and postretirement benefits116.7 116.2Environmental liabilities73.3 59.2Deferred income taxes3,132.4 2,399.6Other income tax liabilities121.3 122.6Long-term liabilities held for sale— 9.7Other liabilities245.5 343.2Total Liabilities11,092.9 7,829.3Commitments and contingencies (Note 19) Shareholders' Equity: Preferred shares, $0.20 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; none issued or outstanding— —Ordinary A shares, €1.00 par value, 40,000 authorized; none issued or outstanding— —Ordinary shares, $0.20 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; 117,513,370 and 116,160,353 issued;116,283,149 and 115,929,588 outstanding23.5 23.2Ordinary shares held in treasury at cost, 1,230,221 and 230,765(109.7) (17.5)Additional paid-in capital5,357.6 5,172.4Retained earnings (deficit)38.9 (285.8)Accumulated other comprehensive income0.9 65.7Total Shareholders' Equity5,311.2 4,958.0Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity$16,404.1 $12,787.3See Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.73MALLINCKRODT PLCCONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(in millions) Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Cash Flows From Operating Activities: Net income (loss)$324.7 $(319.3) $58.8Adjustments to reconcile net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization672.5 275.9 139.6Share-based compensation117.0 67.7 16.2Deferred income taxes(191.6) (107.5) (9.0)Non-cash impairment charges— 381.2 —Inventory provisions— 32.1 15.5Other non-cash items(59.6) (23.6) (6.2)Changes in assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions: Accounts receivable, net0.7 (51.3) (181.2)Inventories61.3 56.0 27.7Accounts payable20.4 (32.9) 7.2Income taxes30.2 (54.8) 60.7Other(79.2) 149.9 6.6Net cash provided by operating activities896.4 373.4 135.9Cash Flows From Investing Activities: Capital expenditures(148.0) (127.8) (147.9)Acquisitions and intangibles, net of cash acquired(2,154.7) (2,793.8) (88.1)Restricted cash3.1 4.1 —Other3.0 26.7 1.3Net cash used in investing activities(2,296.6) (2,890.8) (234.7)Cash Flows From Financing Activities: Issuance of external debt3,010.0 3,043.2 898.1Repayment of external debt and capital leases(1,848.4) (34.8) (1.3)Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation34.1 8.9 3.4Debt financing costs(39.9) (71.7) (12.0)Net transfers to parent— — (515.9)Proceeds from exercise of share options34.4 25.8 0.6Repurchase of shares(92.2) (17.5) —Other(28.1) — 0.1Net cash provided by financing activities1,069.9 2,953.9 373.0Effect of currency rate changes on cash(11.6) (4.2) 1.3Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(341.9) 432.3 275.5Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period707.8 275.5 —Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$365.9 $707.8 $275.5 Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: Cash paid for interest$200.5 $57.2 $0.8Cash paid for income taxes, net123.8 128.0 15.0See Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.74MALLINCKRODT PLCCONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY(in millions) Ordinary Shares Treasury Shares AdditionalPaid-In Capital RetainedEarnings ContributedSurplus ParentCompanyInvestment AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome TotalShareholders'Equity Number Par Value Number Amount Balance at September 28, 2012— $— — $— $— $— $— $1,807.0 $84.9 $1,891.9Net income— — — — — 33.5 — 25.3 — 58.8Currency translationadjustments— — — — — — — — 1.5 1.5Change in derivatives, net of tax— — — — — — — — (7.3) (7.3)Minimum pension liability, netof tax— — — — — — — — 34.2 34.2Net transfers to parent— — — — — — — (515.9) — (515.9)Separation related adjustments— — — — — — — (209.9) (4.8) (214.7)Transfer of parent companyinvestment to contributedsurplus— — — — — — 1,106.5 (1,106.5) — —Transfer of contributed surplusto distributable reserves— — — — 1,095.0 — (1,095.0) — — —Share options exercised— — — — 0.6 — — — — 0.6Share-based compensation— — — — 6.5 — — — — 6.5Issuance of ordinary shares57.7 11.5 — — — — (11.5) — — —Balance at September 27, 201357.7 $11.5 — $— $1,102.1 $33.5 $— $— $108.5 $1,255.6Net loss— — — — — (319.3) — — — (319.3)Currency translationadjustments— — — — — — — — (27.6) (27.6)Change in derivatives, net of tax— — — — — — — — 0.5 0.5Minimum pension liability, netof tax— — — — — — — — (15.7) (15.7)Ordinary shares issued inconnection with the Questcoracquisition57.3 11.4 — — 3,968.2 — — — — 3,979.6Share options exercised0.8 0.2 — — 25.6 — — — — 25.8Vesting of restricted shares0.4 0.1 — — (0.1) — — — — —Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation— — — — 8.9 — — — — 8.9Share-based compensation— — — — 67.7 — — — — 67.7Repurchase of ordinary shares— — 0.2 (17.5) — — — — — (17.5)Balance at September 26, 2014116.2 $23.2 0.2 $(17.5) $5,172.4 $(285.8) $— $— $65.7 $4,958.0Net income— — — — — 324.7 — — — 324.7Currency translationadjustments— — — — — — — — (70.8) (70.8)Change in derivatives, net of tax— — — — — — — — 0.4 0.4Minimum pension liability, netof tax— — — — — — — — 5.6 5.6Share options exercised1.2 0.2 — — 34.2 — — — — 34.4Vesting of restricted shares1.3 0.3 — — (0.3) — — — — —Shares canceled(1.2) (0.2) — — 0.2 — — — — —Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation— — — — 34.1 — — — — 34.1Share-based compensation— — — — 117.0 — — — — 117.0Repurchase of ordinary shares— — 1.0 (92.2) — — — — — (92.2)Balance at September 25, 2015117.5 $23.5 1.2 $(109.7) $5,357.6 $38.9 $— $— $0.9 $5,311.2 See Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.75MALLINCKRODT PLCNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(dollars in millions, expect share data and where indicated)1.Background and Basis of PresentationBackgroundMallinckrodt plc and its subsidiaries (collectively, "Mallinckrodt" or "the Company"), is a global specialty biopharmaceutical and nuclear imagingbusiness that develops, manufactures, markets and distributes specialty pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products and nuclear imaging agents.Therapeutic areas of focus include autoimmune and rare disease specialty areas (including neurology, rheumatology, nephrology and pulmonology);immunotherapy and neonatal respiratory critical care therapies; and central nervous system drugs. The Company also supports the diagnosis of disease withnuclear medicine imaging agents.During the first quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company changed its reportable segments to present the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businessesas reportable segments. The Company historically presented the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businesses within the Specialty Pharmaceuticalssegment.During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its global contrast media anddelivery systems ("CMDS") business to Guerbet S.A. ("Guerbet"), which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. The CMDSbusiness is deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of this business are presented as a discontinued operation. The CMDS business has beeneliminated from the Global Medical Imaging segment, which has been renamed Nuclear Imaging.Prior year amounts have been recast to conform to current presentation.The three reportable segments are further described below:•Specialty Brands produces and markets branded pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals;•Specialty Generics produces specialty generic pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients ("API") consisting of biologics, medicinalopioids, synthetic controlled substances, acetaminophen and other active ingredients; and•Nuclear Imaging manufactures and markets radiopharmaceuticals (nuclear medicine).In May 2015, the Board of Directors of Mallinckrodt plc approved the migration of the Company’s principal executive offices from Ireland to the UnitedKingdom. The Company remains incorporated in Ireland and continues to be subject to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") reportingrequirements and the applicable corporate governance rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Mallinckrodt plc was incorporated in Ireland on January 9, 2013 for the purpose of holding the Pharmaceuticals business of Covidien plc ("Covidien"),which was subsequently acquired by Medtronic plc. On June 28, 2013, Covidien shareholders of record received one ordinary share of Mallinckrodt for everyeight ordinary shares of Covidien held as of the record date, June 19, 2013, and the Pharmaceuticals business of Covidien was transferred to Mallinckrodt plc,thereby completing its legal separation from Covidien ("the Separation").Basis of PresentationThe accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements reflect the consolidated financial position of the Company as an independent,publicly-traded company for periods subsequent to June 28, 2013, and as a combined reporting entity of Covidien, including operations relating toCovidien's Pharmaceuticals business, for periods prior to June 28, 2013.The consolidated and combined financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with accounting principles generally acceptedin the U.S. ("GAAP"). The preparation of the consolidated and combined financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to makeestimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts ofrevenues and expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates. The consolidated and combined financial statements include the accounts of theCompany, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and entities in which they own or control more than fifty percent of the voting shares, or have the ability to controlthrough similar rights. The results of entities disposed of are included in the consolidated and combined financial statements up to the date of disposal and,where appropriate, these operations have been reflected as discontinued operations. Divestitures of product lines not representing businesses have beenreflected in operating income. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation and, in the opinion of management, allnormal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the results reported.76As a result of the Company's classification of the CMDS business as held for sale and the change in reportable segments, certain amounts from prior yearshave been revised to conform to the current year presentation,.The Company's combined financial statements for periods prior to June 28, 2013, including the nine months ended June 28, 2013 that is included withinthe Company's fiscal 2013 results, may not be indicative of its future performance and do not necessarily reflect the results of operations, financial positionand cash flows that would have been had it operated as an independent, publicly-traded company for the entirety of the periods presented, including as aresult of changes in the Company's capitalization in connection with the Separation. The combined financial statements for periods prior to June 28, 2013include expense allocations for certain functions provided by Covidien, including, but not limited to, general corporate expenses related to finance, legal,information technology, human resources, communications, employee benefits and incentives, insurance and share-based compensation. These expenseswere allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of operating expenses, headcount orother measures. The amounts allocated were $39.6 million for fiscal 2013 and were included within selling, general and administrative expenses.Management considers the bases on which the expenses have been allocated to reasonably reflect the utilization of services provided to, or the benefitreceived by, the Company during the periods presented; however, the allocations may not reflect the expense the Company would have incurred as anindependent, publicly-traded company. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a standalone company would depend on anumber of factors, including organizational structure, what functions were outsourced or performed by employees, and strategic decisions made in areas suchas information technology and infrastructure. The Company is unable to determine what those costs would have been had the Company been independentduring the applicable periods. Following the Separation, the Company has performed these functions using its own resources or purchased services, certain ofwhich are being provided by Covidien during a transitional period pursuant to a transition services agreement dated June 28, 2013, between Mallinckrodtand Covidien, particularly in relation to areas outside the U.S. The terms and prices on which such services were rendered may not have been as favorable asthose that were allocated to the Company by Covidien. The Company terminated the transition services agreement during the first quarter of fiscal 2015.The combined balance sheets prior to June 28, 2013 included certain assets and liabilities that have historically been recorded at the Covidien corporatelevel but are specifically identifiable or otherwise allocable to the Company. Covidien's debt and related interest expense were not allocated to the Companysince the Company was not the legal obligor of such debt and Covidien's borrowings were not directly attributable to the Company's business. Debt incurredby the Company directly has been included in the combined financial statements. Intercompany transactions between the Company and Covidien, prior tothe Separation, have been included in the combined financial statements and were considered to be effectively settled for cash at the time the transaction wasrecorded. The total net effect of the settlement of these intercompany transactions was reflected in the combined statements of cash flows as a financingactivity and in the combined balance sheet as parent company investment.Prior to June 28, 2013, Covidien's investment in the Pharmaceuticals business is shown as parent company investment in the combined financialstatements. On June 28, 2013, Covidien completed a distribution of one ordinary share of Mallinckrodt for every eight ordinary shares of Covidien. Uponcompletion of the Separation, the Company had 57,694,885 ordinary shares outstanding at a par value of $0.20 per share. After Separation adjustments wererecorded, the remaining parent company investment balance, which included all earnings prior to the Separation, was transferred to contributed surplus.Under Irish law, the Company can only pay dividends and repurchase shares out of distributable reserves, as discussed further in the Company'sinformation statement filed with the SEC as Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2013. Upon completion of theSeparation, the Company did not have any distributable reserves. On July 22, 2013, the Company filed a petition with the High Court of Ireland seeking thecourt's confirmation of a reduction of the Company's share premium so that it can be treated as distributable for the purposes of Irish law. On September 9,2013, the High Court of Ireland approved this petition and the High Court's order and minutes were filed with the Registrar of Companies. Upon this filing,the Company's share premium is treated as distributable reserves and the share premium balance was reclassified into additional paid-in capital within theconsolidated balance sheet. Net income subsequent to the Separation has been included in retained earnings and is included in distributable reserves.Fiscal YearThe Company reports its results based on a "52-53 week" year ending on the last Friday of September. Fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013 each consisted of 52weeks. Unless otherwise indicated, fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013 refer to the Company's fiscal years ended September 25, 2015, September 26, 2014 andSeptember 27, 2013, respectively. Fiscal 2016 will consist of 53 weeks and will end on September 30, 2016.772.Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesRevenue RecognitionThe Company recognizes revenue for product sales when title and risk of loss have transferred from the Company to the buyer, which may be uponshipment, delivery to the customer site, consumption of the product by the customer, or over the period in which the customer has access to the product andany related services, based on contract terms or legal requirements in non-U.S. jurisdictions. The Company sells products through independent channels,including directly to retail pharmacies and end user customers and through distributors who resell the products to retail pharmacies, institutions and end usercustomers. Certain products are sold and distributed directly to hospitals. Chargebacks and rebates represent credits that are provided to certain distributorsand customers for either the difference between the Company's contracted price with a customer and the distributor's invoice price paid to the Company or forcontractually agreed volume price discounts. When the Company recognizes net sales, it simultaneously records an adjustment to revenue for estimatedchargebacks, rebates, product returns and other sales deductions. These provisions are estimated based upon historical experience, estimated future trends,estimated customer inventory levels, current contracted sales terms with customers, level of utilization of the Company's products and other competitivefactors. The Company adjusts these reserves to reflect differences between estimated activity and actual experience. Such adjustments impact the amount ofnet sales recognized by the Company in the period of adjustment.Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis. Accordingly, suchtaxes are excluded from both net sales and expenses.Shipping and Handling CostsShipping costs, which are costs incurred to physically move product from the Company's premises to the customer's premises, are classified as selling,general and administrative expenses. Handling costs, which are costs incurred to store, move and prepare product for shipment, are classified as cost of sales.Shipping costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses in continuing operations were $42.3 million, $47.8 million and $46.9 million infiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.Research and DevelopmentInternal research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include salary and benefits, allocated overheadand occupancy costs, clinical trial and related clinical manufacturing costs, contract services and other costs.Upfront and milestone payments made to third parties under license arrangements are expensed as incurred up to the point of regulatory approval of theproduct. Milestone payments made to third parties upon or subsequent to regulatory approval are capitalized as an intangible asset and amortized to cost ofsales over the estimated useful life of the related product.Currency TranslationFor the Company's non-U.S. subsidiaries that transact in a functional currency other than U.S. dollars, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollarsusing fiscal year-end exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the related month. The net effect ofthese translation adjustments is shown in the consolidated and combined financial statements as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.For subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary environments or where the functional currency is different from the local currency, non-monetary assets andliabilities are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the date the assets and liabilities were acquired or assumed, while monetary assets and liabilitiesare translated at fiscal year-end exchange rates. Translation adjustments of these subsidiaries are included in net income. Gains and losses resulting fromforeign currency transactions are included in net income. During fiscal 2015 and 2014, $30.7 million and $3.8 million of foreign currency gains,respectively, were included within net income from continuing operations. During fiscal 2013, $12.8 million of foreign currency losses were included withinnet income from continuing operations. The Company entered into derivative instruments to mitigate the exposure of movements in certain of these foreigncurrency transactions and recognized a $24.8 million loss in fiscal 2015, a $6.3 million loss in fiscal 2014, and a $10.1 million gain in fiscal 2013 within netincome from continuing operations.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company classifies cash on hand and deposits in banks, including commercial paper, money market accounts and other investments it may holdfrom time to time, with an original maturity to the Company of three months or less, as cash and cash equivalents.78Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful AccountsTrade accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects an estimate of lossesinherent in the Company's accounts receivable portfolio determined on the basis of historical experience, specific allowances for known troubled accountsand other available evidence. Accounts receivable are written off when management determines they are uncollectible. Trade accounts receivable are alsopresented net of reserves related to chargebacks and non-branded rebates payable to customers for whom we have trade accounts receivable and the right ofoffset exists.InventoriesInventories are recorded at the lower of cost or market value, primarily using the first-in, first-out convention. The Company reduces the carrying value ofinventories for those items that are potentially excess, obsolete or slow-moving based on changes in customer demand, technology developments or othereconomic factors.Property, Plant and EquipmentProperty, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while routine maintenance and repairs are expensedas incurred. Depreciation for property, plant and equipment assets, other than land and construction in process, is generally based upon the followingestimated useful lives, using the straight-line method:Buildings10to45 yearsLeasehold improvements1to20 yearsCapitalized software1to10 yearsMachinery and equipment1to20 years The Company capitalizes certain computer software and development costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining software for internaluse.Upon retirement or other disposal of property, plant and equipment, the cost and related amount of accumulated depreciation are eliminated from theasset and accumulated depreciation accounts, respectively. The difference, if any, between the net asset value and the proceeds is included in net income.The Company assesses the recoverability of assets or asset groups using undiscounted cash flows whenever events or circumstances indicate that thecarrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If an asset or asset group is found to be impaired, the amount recognized for impairment isequal to the difference between the carrying value of the asset or asset group and its fair value.AcquisitionsAmounts paid for acquisitions are allocated to the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date ofacquisition. The Company then allocates the purchase price in excess of net tangible assets acquired to identifiable intangible assets, including purchasedresearch and development. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed valuations. The Company allocates any excess purchase priceover the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired to goodwill.The Company's purchased research and development represents the estimated fair value as of the acquisition date of in-process projects that have notreached technological feasibility. The primary basis for determining technological feasibility of these projects is obtaining regulatory approval.The fair value of in-process research and development ("IPR&D") is determined using the discounted cash flow method. In determining the fair value ofIPR&D, the Company considers, among other factors, appraisals, the stage of completion of the projects, the technological feasibility of the projects, whetherthe projects have an alternative future use and the estimated residual cash flows that could be generated from the various projects and technologies over theirrespective projected economic lives. The discount rate used includes a rate of return which accounts for the time value of money, as well as risk factors thatreflect the economic risk that the cash flows projected may not be realized.The fair value attributable to IPR&D projects at the time of acquisition is capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and tested for impairmentuntil the project is completed or abandoned. Upon completion of the project, the indefinite-lived intangible asset79is then accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset and amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life. If the project is abandoned, theindefinite-lived intangible asset is charged to expense.Goodwill and Other Intangible AssetsGoodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to assets and liabilities assumed in a businesscombination. The Company tests goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Theimpairment test is comprised of a two-step approach. The first step requires a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting units to the fair value of theseunits. The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units through internal analyses and valuation, utilizing an income approach (a level threemeasurement technique) based on the present value of future cash flows. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company willperform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the goodwill impairment testcompares the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill with its carrying value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same mannerthat the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination is determined, with the Company allocating the fair value of a reporting unit to all of theassets and liabilities of that unit, including intangible assets, as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Any excess of the value ofa reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill.Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recorded at fair value, while intangible assets acquired in other transactions are recorded at cost.Intangible assets with finite useful lives are subsequently amortized generally using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of theassets, except for customer relationships which are amortized over the estimated pattern of benefit from these relationships:Completed technology5to25 yearsLicense agreements8to30 yearsTrademarks13to30 yearsCustomer relationships 12 yearsAmortization expense related to completed technology and certain other intangible assets is included in cost of sales, while amortization expense relatedto intangible assets that contribute to the Company's ability to sell, market and distribute products is included in selling, general and administrativeexpenses.When a triggering event occurs, we evaluate potential impairment of finite-lived intangible assets by first comparing undiscounted cash flows associatedwith the asset, or the asset group they are part of, to its carrying value. If the carrying value is greater than the undiscounted cash flows, the amount ofpotential impairment is measured by comparing the fair value of the assets, or the asset group they are part of, with their carrying value. The fair value of theintangible asset, or the asset group they are part of, is estimated using an income approach. If the fair value is less than the carrying value of the intangibleasset, or the asset group they are part of, the amount recognized for impairment is equal to the difference between the carrying value of the asset and the fairvalue of the asset. The Company assesses the remaining useful life and the recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or circumstancesindicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company annually tests the indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment bycomparing the fair value of the assets, estimated using an income approach, with their carrying value and records an impairment when the carrying valueexceeds the fair value.ContingenciesThe Company is subject to various patent, product liability, government investigations, environmental liability and other legal proceedings in theordinary course of business. The Company records accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can bereasonably estimated. The Company discounts environmental liabilities using a risk-free rate of return when the obligation is fixed or reasonablydeterminable. The impact of the discount in the consolidated balance sheets was not material in any period presented. Legal fees, other than those pertainingto environmental and asbestos matters, are expensed as incurred. Insurance recoveries related to potential claims are recognized up to the amount of therecorded liability when coverage is confirmed and the estimated recoveries are probable of payment. Assets and liabilities are not netted for financialstatement presentation.Share-Based CompensationThe Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of thoseawards. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, the requisite serviceperiod (generally the vesting period). For more information about our share-based awards, refer to Note 15.80Income TaxesIncome taxes for periods prior to the Separation were calculated on a separate tax return basis (inclusive of certain loss benefits), although the Company'soperations had historically been included in Covidien's U.S. federal and state tax returns or the tax returns of non-U.S. jurisdictions. Accordingly, the incometaxes presented for periods prior to June 28, 2013 do not necessarily reflect the results that would have occurred as an independent, publicly-traded company.With the exception of certain non-U.S. entities, the Company did not maintain taxes payable to or from Covidien and the Company was deemed to settle theannual current tax balances immediately with the legal tax-paying entities in the respective jurisdictions. These settlements were reflected as changes inparent company investment.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the consolidated andcombined financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the book and tax bases of assets andliabilities and operating loss carryforwards, using tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuationallowance is provided to reduce net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred taxassets will not be realized. Deferred tax liabilities are also recorded for deferred tax obligations related to installment sale arrangements. The deferral of taxpayments to the IRS are subject to interest, which is accrued and included within interest expense.The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. The tax benefit of any tax positionthat meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolutionof the uncertainty. To the extent a full benefit is not expected to be realized on the uncertain tax position, an income tax liability is established. Interest andpenalties on income tax obligations, associated with uncertain tax positions, are included in the provision for income taxes.The calculation of the Company's tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude ofjurisdictions across the Company's global operations. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a paymentthat is materially different from current estimates of the tax liabilities. If the Company's estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimateassessment, an additional charge to expense would result. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be less than the recorded amounts, the reversal ofthe liabilities may result in income tax benefits being recognized in the period when it is determined that the liabilities are no longer necessary. A significantportion of these potential tax liabilities are recorded in other income tax liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as payment is not expected within oneyear.Parent Company InvestmentParent company investment in periods prior to the Separation represents Covidien's historical investment in the Company, the Company's accumulatednet earnings after income taxes for periods prior to that date, and the net effect of transactions with and allocations from Covidien.3.Recently Issued Accounting StandardsThe Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-11 in December 2011, "Disclosures aboutOffsetting Assets and Liabilities," which was clarified in January 2013 by ASU 2013-01 "Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets andLiabilities." This guidance provides new disclosure requirements about instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position,as well as instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a netting agreement, to enable users of financial statements to understand the effectsor potential effects of those arrangements on an entity's financial position. The guidance was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2014. Theadoption did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.FASB issued ASU 2013-02, "Reporting Amounts Classified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income," in February 2013. This guidancerequires an entity to present, either on the face of the statement of income or separately in the notes to the financial statements, the effects on net income ofsignificant amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income, if those amounts are required to be reclassified to netincome in their entirety in the same reporting period. The guidance was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2014. The adoption did nothave a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.FASB issued ASU 2013-04, "Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation IsFixed at the Reporting Date," in February 2013. This update provides guidance for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of obligations resulting fromjoint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date, except for obligations addressed withinexisting guidance. An entity is required to measure those obligations as the sum of the amount the entity has agreed to pay on the basis of its arrangementamong its co-obligors, and any additional amounts it81expects to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. The guidance also requires the entity to disclose the nature and amount of those obligations. The guidance waseffective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2015. The adoption did not have a material impact to the Company's financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows.FASB issued ASU 2013-11, "Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax CreditCarryforward Exists," in July 2013. This update provides guidance on the financial statement presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a netoperating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward exists, to eliminate diversity in practice in the presentation of unrecognized taxbenefits in those instances. This guidance was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2015. The adoption did not have a material impact to theCompany's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.FASB issued ASU 2014-08, "Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity," in April 2014. Under thenew guidance, only disposals representing a strategic shift in a company's operations and financial results should be reported as discontinued operations,with expanded disclosures. In addition, disclosure of the pre-tax income attributable to a disposal of a significant part of an organization that does not qualifyas a discontinued operation is required. This guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2016, with early adoption permitted. TheCompany early adopted the guidance during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 with the classification of the CMDS business as held for sale.FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," in May 2014. The issuance of ASU 2014-09 and International FinancialReporting Standards ("IFRS") 15, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," completes the joint effort by FASB and the International Accounting StandardsBoard to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Under the new guidance, an entityshould recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entityexpects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, applying the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify theperformance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal2019. Early adoption is permitted in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company continues to assess the potential impact of the guidance.FASB issued ASU 2015-03, "Interest - Imputation of Interest," in April 2015. The issuance of ASU 2015-03 is part of the FASB's initiative to simplify thepresentation of debt issuance costs. Under the new guidance, debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability must be presented in the balance sheetas a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The amortization of such costs should continue to becalculated using the interest method and be reported as interest expense. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2016, withearly adoption permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 and reclassified debt issuance costs, of $103.1million at September 25, 2015, and expanded disclosure.FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory," in July 2015. The issuance of ASU 2015-11 is part of the FASB's initiative tomore closely align the measurement of inventory between GAAP and IFRS. Under the new guidance, inventory must be measured at the lower of cost and netrealizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion,disposal, and transportation. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The Company is assessing the potential impact ofthe guidance.FASB issued ASU 2015-16, "Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments," in September 2015. Under the new guidance, therequirement to restate prior period financial statements for measurement period adjustments following a business combination is eliminated. The cumulativeimpact of a measurement period adjustment (including the impact on prior periods) should be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment isidentified. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The Company is assessing the potential impact of the guidance. 4.Discontinued Operations and DivestituresDiscontinued OperationsCMDS: During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its CMDS business toGuerbet in a transaction valued at approximately $270.0 million, which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. As of September25, 2015, the CMDS business is deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of this business are presented as a discontinued operation. The CMDSbusiness has been eliminated from the Global Medical Imaging segment, which has been renamed Nuclear Imaging.82Subsequent to the sale of the CMDS business, the Company will continue to supply certain products under a supply agreement with Guerbet.The following table summarizes the financial results of the CMDS discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended September 25, 2015, September 26,2014 and September 27, 2013 as presented in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income: Fiscal YearMajor line items constituting income (loss) from discontinued operations2015 2014 2013Net sales$413.8 $495.8 $549.3Cost of sales306.4 352.9 346.7Selling, general and administrative97.5 97.1 114.0Restructuring charges, net0.3 47.2 9.5Non-restructuring impairment charges— 204.0 —Other4.7 4.1 8.4Income (loss) from discontinued operations4.9 (209.5) 70.7Income tax expense (benefit)10.8 (34.7) 21.1 Income (loss) from discontinued operations net of tax$(5.9) $(174.8) $49.6The fiscal 2014 non-restructuring impairment charge of $204.0 million includes charges of $51.4 million associated with property, plant and equipment,$52.4 million associated with intangible assets and $100.2 million associated with goodwill. Further discussion of these impairment charges are includedwithin Notes 10 and 11.The fiscal 2015 income tax expense of $10.8 million was impacted by approximately $10.0 million of tax expense related to taxes paid, or anticipated tobe paid, in connection with the disposition. The fiscal 2014 income tax benefit of $34.7 million was impacted by receiving a tax benefit of $36.2 million onimpairment of $204.0 million, by $3.0 million of tax expense associated with the rate difference between U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, $2.5 million of taxbenefit associated with nonrecurring valuation allowances, $0.9 million of tax expense associated with accrued income tax liabilities and uncertain taxpositions, and $2.0 million of tax expense associated with permanently nondeductible, nontaxable, and other items. The fiscal 2013 income tax expense of$21.1 million was impacted by $0.7 million of tax benefit associated with the rate difference between U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions and $2.9 million of taxbenefit associated with permanently nondeductible, nontaxable, and other items. Fiscal 2015 reflects $14.9 million of International current income taxexpense, $4.4 million of International deferred income tax benefit, and none being allocable to the Domestic income tax provision. Fiscal 2014 reflects $10.4million of Domestic current income tax expense, $6.6 million of International current income tax benefit, $35.6 million of Domestic deferred income taxbenefit, and $3.0 million of International deferred income tax benefit. Fiscal 2013 reflects $5.6 million of Domestic current income tax expense, $10.7million of International current income tax expense, $5.4 million of Domestic deferred income tax expense, and $0.5 million of International deferred incometax benefit. Domestic reflects U.K. in fiscal 2015, and U.S. federal and state in fiscal 2014 and 2013.83The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities of the CMDS business that are classified as held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets asof September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014: September 25,2015 September 26,2014Carrying amounts of major classes of assets included as part of discontinued operations Accounts receivable$68.5 $68.9Inventories86.3 90.2Property, plant and equipment, net60.3 62.4Intangible assets, net27.7 30.0Other current and non-current assets57.1 60.5Total assets classified as held for sale in the balance sheet$299.9 $312.0 Carrying amounts of major classes of liabilities included as part of discontinued operations Accounts payable$22.0 $18.0Other current and non-current liabilities50.8 50.7Total liabilities classified as held for sale in the balance sheet$72.8 $68.7The following table summarizes significant cash and non-cash transactions of the CMDS business that are included within the consolidated statements ofcash flows for the fiscal years ended September 25, 2015, September 26, 2014 and September 27, 2013: Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Depreciation$15.5 $18.9 $16.0Amortization2.3 7.5 7.5Capital expenditures9.5 12.3 17.4Non-cash impairment charges— 204.0 —All other notes to the consolidated financial statements that were impacted by this discontinued operation have been reclassified accordingly.Mallinckrodt Baker: During fiscal 2010, the Specialty Chemicals business (formerly known as "Mallinckrodt Baker"), which was part of the Company'sSpecialty Pharmaceuticals segment, was sold because its products and customer bases were not aligned with the Company's long-term strategic objectives.This business met the discontinued operations criteria and, accordingly, was included in discontinued operations for all periods presented. During fiscal2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded a loss, net of tax, of $0.1 million, a loss of $0.7 million, and a gain of $1.0 million, respectively. These gainsand losses were primarily related to the indemnification obligations to the purchaser, which are discussed in Note 18.Other: Prior to the Separation, the Company provided and accrued for an indemnification, to the purchaser of a certain legal entity, to indemnify it fortax obligations should the tax basis of certain assets not be recognized. The Company believes that, under the terms of the agreement between the parties, thisindemnification obligation has expired. As such, the Company eliminated this liability and recorded a $22.5 million benefit, during fiscal 2015, indiscontinued operations within the consolidated and combined statement of income.License of Intellectual PropertyThe Company was involved in patent disputes with a counterparty relating to certain intellectual property related to extended-release oxymorphone. InDecember 2013, the counterparty agreed to pay the Company an upfront cash payment of $4.0 million and contractually obligated future payments of $8.0million through July 2018, in exchange for the withdrawal of all claims associated with the intellectual property and a license to utilize the Company'sintellectual property. The Company has completed the earnings process associated with the agreement and recorded an $11.7 million gain, included withingains on divestiture and license, during fiscal 2014.845.Acquisitions and License AgreementsBusiness AcquisitionsTherakos, Inc.On September 25, 2015, the Company acquired Therakos, Inc. ("Therakos") through the acquisition of all the outstanding common stock of TGGMedical Solutions, Inc., the parent holding company of Therakos, in a transaction valued at approximately $1.3 billion, net of cash acquired ("the TherakosAcquisition"). Consideration for the transaction consisted of approximately $1.0 billion in cash paid to TGG Medical Solutions, Inc. shareholders and theassumption of approximately $0.3 billion of Therakos third-party debt, which was repaid in conjunction with the Therakos Acquisition. The acquisition andrepayment of debt was funded through the issuance of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, a $500.0 million borrowingunder a revolving credit facility and cash on hand. Therakos' primary immunotherapy products relate to the administering of extracorporeal photopheresistherapies through its UVAR XTS® and CellexTM Photopheresis Systems, which accelerates the Company's growth in its Specialty Brands segment.Ikaria, Inc.On April 16, 2015, the Company acquired Ikaria, Inc. ("Ikaria") through the acquisition of all the outstanding common stock of Compound Holdings II,Inc., the parent holding company of Ikaria, in a transaction valued at approximately $2.3 billion, net of cash acquired ("the Ikaria Acquisition").Consideration for the transaction consisted of approximately $1.2 billion in cash paid to Compound Holdings II, Inc. shareholders and the assumption ofapproximately $1.1 billion of Ikaria third-party debt, which was repaid in conjunction with the Ikaria Acquisition. The acquisition and repayment of debt wasfunded through the issuance of $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, a $240.0 million borrowing under the Revolver, which wasrepaid subsequent to the transaction, and cash on hand. Ikaria's primary product is INOMAX® (nitric oxide) for inhalation, a vital treatment option inneonatal critical care.Questcor PharmaceuticalsOn August 14, 2014, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Questcor"), a biopharmaceuticalcompany, for total consideration of approximately $5.9 billion, comprised of cash consideration of $30.00 per share, 0.897 ordinary shares of the Companyfor each share of Questcor common stock owned and the portion of outstanding equity awards deemed to have been earned as of August 14, 2014 ("theQuestcor Acquisition"). The acquisition was funded through the issuance of approximately 57 million common shares, proceeds from the issuance of $900.0million aggregate principal of senior unsecured notes, proceeds from a $700.0 million senior secured term loan facility, $150.0 million of cash from areceivable securitization program, as further discussed in Note 12, and cash on hand. H.P. Acthar® Gel (repository corticotropin injection) ("Acthar"),Questcor's primary product, is focused on the treatment of patients with serious, difficult-to-treat autoimmune and rare diseases. Acthar is an injectable drugthat is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") for use in 19 indications, including the areas of neurology, rheumatology, nephrologyand pulmonology. Questcor also supplies specialty contract manufacturing services to the global pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry through itswholly-owned subsidiary, BioVectra Inc.Cadence PharmaceuticalsOn March 19, 2014, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Cadence"), a biopharmaceuticalcompany focused on commercializing products principally for use in the hospital setting, for total consideration of $14.00 per share in cash, orapproximately $1.3 billion ("the Cadence Acquisition"). The acquisition was primarily funded through a $1.3 billion senior secured term loan credit facility,as further discussed in Note 12. Cadence's sole product, OFIRMEV® (acetaminophen) injection ("Ofirmev"), is a proprietary intravenous formulation ofacetaminophen for the management of mild to moderate pain, the management of moderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics and thereduction of fever. The Cadence Acquisition added a growth product to the Specialty Brands product portfolio and provided us the opportunity to expandour reach into the hospital market, in which Cadence had an established presence.CNS TherapeuticsOn October 1, 2012, the Company acquired all the outstanding equity of CNS Therapeutics, Inc. ("CNS Therapeutics"), a specialty pharmaceuticalscompany focused on developing and commercializing intrathecal products for site-specific administration to the central nervous system to treat neurologicaldisorders and intractable chronic pain, for total consideration, net of cash acquired, of85$95.0 million. The total consideration was comprised of an upfront cash payment of $88.1 million (net of cash acquired of $3.6 million) and the fair value ofcontingent consideration of $6.9 million. This contingent consideration, which could potentially total a maximum of $9.0 million, is discussed further inNote 20.Fair Value AllocationThe following amounts represent the preliminary allocation of the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the TherakosAcquisition and Ikaria Acquisition and final allocation of the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the CadenceAcquisition, Questcor Acquisition and CNS Therapeutics acquisition: Therakos Ikaria Questcor Cadence CNS TherapeuticsCash$41.3 $77.3 $445.1 $43.2 $3.6Inventory23.5 26.3 67.9 21.0 —Intangible assets1,170.0 1,971.0 5,601.1 1,300.0 91.9Goodwill (non-tax deductible)437.2 792.4 1,789.4 318.1 24.5Other assets, current and non-current (1)42.1 172.9 274.3 18.0 9.7Total assets acquired1,714.1 3,039.9 8,177.8 1,700.3 129.7Current liabilities24.7 32.6 168.9 48.8 4.0Unpaid purchase consideration (current)— — 128.8 — —Other liabilities (non-current)0.6 9.1 186.8 — —Deferred tax liabilities, net (non-current)324.3 623.6 1,906.8 292.3 27.1Contingent consideration (non-current)— — — — 6.9Total debt344.8 1,121.0 — 30.0 —Total liabilities assumed694.4 1,786.3 2,391.3 371.1 38.0Net assets acquired$1,019.7 $1,253.6 $5,786.5 $1,329.2 $91.7(1)This amount includes $22.0 million, $73.8 million, $87.3 million, $14.7 million and $3.3 million of accounts receivable for the Therakos Acquisition, IkariaAcquisition, Questcor Acquisition, Cadence Acquisition, and CNS Therapeutics, respectively, which is also the gross contractual value.The following reconciles the total consideration to net assets acquired: Therakos Ikaria Questcor Cadence CNS TherapeuticsTotal consideration, net of cash$978.4 $1,176.3 $5,470.2 $1,286.0 $95.0Plus: cash assumed in acquisition41.3 77.3 445.1 43.2 3.6Total consideration1,019.7 1,253.6 5,915.3 1,329.2 98.6Less: unpaid purchase consideration— — (128.8) — —Less: contingent consideration— — — — (6.9)Net assets acquired$1,019.7 $1,253.6 $5,786.5 $1,329.2 $91.7Intangible assets acquired consist of the following: TherakosAmount Amortization PeriodCompleted technology$1,170.0 15 yearsThe completed technology intangible asset relates to extracorporeal photopheresis treatment therapies. The fair value of the intangible asset wasdetermined using the income approach, which is a valuation technique that provides an estimate of the fair value of the asset based on market participantexpectations of cash flows the asset would generate. The cash flows were discounted commensurate with the level of risk associated with each asset or itsprojected cash flows. The completed technology intangible asset utilized a discount rate of 17.0%. Based on the Company's preliminary estimate, the excessof purchase price over net tangible and intangible assets acquired resulted in goodwill, which represents the assembled workforce, future product and devicedevelopment, anticipated synergies and the tax status of the transaction. The goodwill is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. All assets acquired areincluded within the Company's Specialty Brands segment.86IkariaAmount Amortization PeriodCompleted technology$1,820.0 15 yearsTrademark70.0 22 yearsIn-process research and development - terlipressin81.0 Non-Amortizable $1,971.0 The completed technology and trademark intangible assets relate to Inomax. The fair value of the intangible assets were determined using the incomeapproach. The cash flows were discounted at various discount rates commensurate with the level of risk associated with each asset or its projected cash flows.Completed technology, trademark and in-process research and development ("IPR&D") terlipressin intangibles utilized discount rates of 14.5%, 14.5%, and17.0%, respectively. The IPR&D discount rate for terlipressin was developed after assigning a probability of success to achieving the projected cash flowsbased on the current stage of development, inherent uncertainty in the FDA approval process and risks associated with commercialization of a new product.Based on the Company's preliminary estimate, the excess of purchase price over net tangible and intangible assets acquired resulted in goodwill, whichrepresents the assembled workforce, future product and device development, anticipated synergies and the tax status of the transaction. The goodwill is notdeductible for U.S. income tax purposes. All assets acquired are included within the Company's Specialty Brands segment.QuestcorAmount Weighted-AverageAmortization PeriodCompleted technology$5,343.3 18 yearsTrademark5.2 13 yearsCustomer relationships34.3 12 yearsIn-process research and development - Synacthen218.3 Non-Amortizable $5,601.1 The completed technology intangible asset relates to Acthar. The trademark and customer relationship intangible assets relate to BioVectra, Inc., awholly-owned subsidiary of Questcor. The in-process research and development relates to the U.S. development of Synacthen, a synthetic pharmaceuticalproduct. The fair value of the intangible assets were determined using the income approach. The cash flows were discounted at various discount ratescommensurate with the level of risk associated with each asset or its projected cash flows. Completed technology, customer relationships, trademark and in-process research and development intangibles utilized discount rates of 14.5%, 10.0%, 10.0% and 16.0%, respectively. The in-process research anddevelopment discount rate was developed after assigning a probability of success to achieving the projected cash flows based on the current stage ofdevelopment, inherent uncertainty in the FDA approval process and risks associated with commercialization of a new product. Based on the Company'spreliminary estimate, the excess of purchase price over net tangible and intangible assets acquired resulted in goodwill, which represents the assembledworkforce, anticipated synergies and the tax status of the transaction. The goodwill is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. The majority of assetsacquired are included within the Company's Specialty Brands segment. Assets related to BioVectra, Inc. are included within the Company's SpecialtyGenerics segment.CadenceAmount Amortization PeriodCompleted technology$1,300.0 8 yearsThe completed technology intangible asset relates to Ofirmev, the rights to which have been in-licensed from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company ("BMS").The fair value of the intangible asset was determined using the income approach. The cash flows were discounted at a 13.0% rate. For more information onthe BMS license agreement, refer to "License Agreement" below. The excess of purchase price over net tangible and intangible assets acquired resulted ingoodwill, which represents the assembled workforce, anticipated synergies and the tax status of the transaction. The goodwill is not deductible for U.S.income tax purposes. All assets acquired are included within the Company's Specialty Brands segment.87CNS TherapeuticsAmount Weighted-AverageAmortization PeriodCompleted technology$73.1 13 yearsTrademark0.2 3 yearsIn-process research and development18.6 Non-Amortizable $91.9 The in-process research and development projects primarily relate to certain investigational intrathecal pain products. As of the date of acquisition, thesepain products were in various stages of development, with further development, testing, clinical trials and regulatory submission required in order to bringthem to market. At the acquisition date, the total cost to complete these products was estimated to be approximately $18.0 million. The Company expectsthat regulatory approvals will occur between 2016 and 2019. The valuation of the in-process research and development was determined using, among otherfactors, appraisals primarily based on the discounted cash flow method. The cash flows were discounted at a 35% rate, which was considered commensuratewith the risks and stages of development of the pain products. Future residual cash flows that could be generated from the products were determined basedupon management's estimate of future revenue and expected profitability of the products. These projected cash flows were then discounted to their presentvalues taking into account management's estimate of future expenses that would be necessary to bring the products to completion. The goodwill is notdeductible for U.S. income tax purposes. All assets acquired are included within the Company's Specialty Brands segment.Financial Results - The amount of net sales and earnings included in the Company's results for the periods presented were as follows:Net sales2015 2014Ikaria$191.9 $—Questcor1,125.9 129.2Cadence263.0 124.4 $1,580.8 $253.6Operating income (loss) Ikaria$47.1 $—Questcor223.3 17.4Cadence(97.3) (66.9) $173.1 $(49.5)The amount of amortization on acquired intangible assets included within operating income (loss) for the periods presented was as follows:Intangible asset amortization2015 2014Ikaria$57.1 $—Questcor301.4 34.9Cadence162.5 85.9 $521.0 $120.8During fiscal 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized $44.1 million and $25.7 million, respectively, of expense primarily associated with fair valueadjustments of acquired inventory. This expense was included within cost of sales.Acquisition-Related Costs - Acquisition-related costs incurred in fiscal 2015 and 2014 for each of the fiscal 2015 and 2014 acquisitions discussed abovewere as follows:Acquisition-related costs2015 2014Therakos$22.5 $—Ikaria30.9 —Questcor— 47.5Cadence— 17.6 $53.4 $65.188Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information - The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the results of operations for theperiods indicated as if the Questcor Acquisition and Cadence Acquisition had been completed as of September 29, 2012 and the Ikaria Acquisition andTherakos Acquisition as of September 28, 2013. The pro forma financial information is based on the historical financial information for the Company, Ikaria,Questcor and Cadence, along with certain pro forma adjustments. These pro forma adjustments consist primarily of:•non-recurring costs related to the step-up in fair value of acquired inventory and transaction costs related to the acquisitions;•increased amortization expense related to the intangible assets acquired in the acquisitions;•elimination of direct acquisition transaction costs from the period of acquisition;•increased interest expense to reflect the fixed rate unsecured notes and revolving credit facility (utilizing the interest rate in effect at the date ofthe acquisition of 2.6%) entered into in connection with the Therakos Acquisition, the fixed rate unsecured notes entered into in connectionwith the Ikaria Acquisition (assuming no interest related to the revolving credit facility which was paid down subsequent to the IkariaAcquisition), the fixed-rate senior unsecured notes and variable-rate term loan entered into in connection with the acquisition of Questcor(utilizing the interest rate in effect at the date of acquisition of 3.50%), and the variable-rate term loan and revolving credit facility entered intoin connection with the Cadence Acquisition (utilizing the interest rate in effect at the date of acquisition of 3.50%) including interest andamortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discount; and•the related income tax effects.The following unaudited pro forma information has been prepared for comparative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results ofoperations as they would have been had the acquisition occurred on the assumed date, nor is it necessarily an indication of future operating results. Inaddition, the unaudited pro forma information does not reflect the cost of any integration activities, benefits from any synergies that may be derived from theacquisition or revenue growth that may be anticipated. 2015 2014Net sales$3,755.8 $3,598.1Income (loss) from continuing operations359.9 (63.1) Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations$3.11 $(0.55)Diluted earnings (loss) from per share continuing operations3.07 (0.55)License AgreementsOfirmevAs part of the Cadence Acquisition, the Company acquired the exclusive development and commercialization rights to Ofirmev in the U.S. and Canada,as well as the rights to the patents and technology, which were originally in-licensed by Cadence from BMS in March 2006. BMS sublicensed these rights toCadence under a license agreement with SCR Pharmatop S.A. ("Pharmatop"), and the Company has the right to grant sublicenses to third parties. Under thislicense agreement, the Company may be obligated to make future milestone payments of up to $25.0 million upon the achievement of certain levels of netsales, of which $10.0 million was paid during fiscal 2015. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay royalties on sales of the product. During fiscal 2015and 2014, the Company paid royalties of $43.9 million and $13.2 million respectively.ExalgoIn 2009, the Company's Specialty Brands segment acquired the rights to market and distribute the pain management drug EXALGO® (hydromorphoneHCl) extended-release tablets (CII) ("Exalgo") in the U.S. Under the license agreement, the Company is obligated to make additional payments of up to $73.0million based on the successful completion of specified development and regulatory milestones. Through fiscal 2015, $65.0 million of additional paymentshad been made, with $55.0 million being capitalized as an intangible asset. The Company is also required to pay royalties on sales of the product. Duringfiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company paid royalties of $3.2 million, $22.0 million and $24.0 million, respectively.In January 2014, the Company purchased certain royalty rights associated with Exalgo for $7.2 million, which have been capitalized as an intangibleasset.89DepomedIn 2009, the Company's Specialty Brands segment licensed worldwide rights to utilize Depomed, Inc.'s ("Depomed") Acuform gastric retentive drugdelivery technology for the exclusive development of four products. Under this license agreement, the Company may be obligated to pay up to $64.0 millionin development milestone payments. Through fiscal 2015, approximately $22.0 million of these payments have been made by the Company. During fiscal2014, upon approval by the FDA for XARTEMIS™ XR (oxycodone HCl and acetaminophen) extended release tablets CII ("Xartemis XR"), the Companymade a milestone payment of $10.0 million, which has been capitalized as an intangible asset.PennsaidIn 2009, the Company's Specialty Brands segment entered into a licensing agreement which granted it rights to market and distribute Pennsaid andPennsaid 2%, a formulation of diclofenac sodium topical solution which was approved in February 2014 by the FDA and indicated for the treatment of painassociated with osteoarthritis of the knee. The Company was responsible for future development activities and expenses and were required to make milestonepayments of up to $120.0 million based upon the successful completion of specified regulatory and sales milestones. Through fiscal 2015, $15.0 million ofthese payments were made, all of which were capitalized as an intangible asset. The Company is also required to pay royalties on sales of the products underthis agreement. During fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company paid royalties of $1.8 million, $4.3 million and $3.9 million, respectively.During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company reached an agreement in principle with Nuvo to settle various claims associated with our license ofPennsaid obtained from Nuvo. As part of the legal settlement, the Company agreed to return the license to Nuvo, which resulted in the Company recording animpairment of $11.1 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014.6.Restructuring and Related ChargesDuring fiscal 2013, the Company launched a restructuring program designed to improve its cost structure ("the 2013 Mallinckrodt Program"). The 2013Mallinckrodt Program includes actions across all segments, as well as within corporate functions. The Company expects to incur charges of $100.0 million to$125.0 million under this program as the specific actions required to execute on these initiatives are identified and approved, most of which are expected tobe incurred by the end of fiscal 2016.Prior to Separation, Covidien initiated restructuring programs, which also applied to its Pharmaceutical business. These programs were substantiallycompleted as of September 26, 2014.Net restructuring and related charges by segment within continuing operations are as follows: Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Specialty Brands$36.5 $57.0 $5.2Specialty Generics4.5 9.8 11.2Nuclear Imaging(4.6) 13.7 6.9Corporate4.3 1.4 3.0Restructuring and related charges, net40.7 81.9 26.3Less: accelerated depreciation(0.3) (0.5) (2.6)Restructuring charges, net$40.4 $81.4 $23.790Net restructuring and related charges by program within continuing operations are comprised of the following: Fiscal Year 2015 2014 20132013 Mallinckrodt Program$7.4 $27.3 $8.5Acquisition programs33.6 56.4 —Other programs(0.3) (1.8) 17.8Total programs40.7 81.9 26.3Less: non-cash charges, including impairments and accelerated share based compensation expense(10.1) (38.0) (2.6)Total charges expected to be settled in cash$30.6 $43.9 $23.7Non-cash charges in fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014 include $9.8 million and $35.1 million, respectively, of accelerated share based compensation expenserelated to employee terminations, primarily related to our Questcor acquisition, and fiscal 2014 includes $2.3 million of property, plant and equipment assetimpairments.The following table summarizes cash activity for restructuring reserves, substantially all of which related to employee severance and benefits, with theexception of $8.5 million in fiscal 2014 related to consulting costs associated with restructuring initiatives related to the CMDS business: 2013 MallinckrodtProgram AcquisitionPrograms Other Programs TotalBalance at September 28, 2012$— $— $8.9 $8.9Charges from continuing operations8.5 — 17.6 26.1Charges from discontinued operations6.4 — 3.3 9.7Changes in estimate from continuing operations— — (2.4) (2.4)Changes in estimate from discontinued operations— — (0.2) (0.2)Cash payments— — (15.1) (15.1)Reclassifications (1)— — (1.5) (1.5)Balance at September 27, 201314.9 — 10.6 25.5Charges from continuing operations32.9 22.9 1.4 57.2Charges from discontinued operations25.3 — 1.1 26.4Changes in estimate from continuing operations(7.6) (1.6) (4.1) (13.3)Changes in estimate from discontinued operations(1.8) — (0.7) (2.5)Cash payments(34.8) (13.4) (6.8) (55.0)Reclassifications (1)(1.3) — (1.0) (2.3)Currency translation(1.0) — (0.1) (1.1)Balance at September 26, 201426.6 7.9 0.4 34.9Charges from continuing operations15.4 25.3 — 40.7Charges from discontinued operations1.0 — — 1.0Changes in estimate from continuing operations(8.3) (1.5) (0.3) (10.1)Changes in estimate from discontinued operations(0.6) — — (0.6)Cash payments(22.5) (21.7) (0.1) (44.3)Reclassifications (1)(3.0) — — (3.0)Currency translation(0.6) — — (0.6)Balance at September 25, 2015$8.0 $10.0 $— $18.0(1)Represents the reclassification of pension and other postretirement benefits from restructuring reserves to pension and postretirement obligations.91Net restructuring and related charges, including associated asset impairments, incurred cumulative to date related to the 2013 Mallinckrodt Program areas follows:Specialty Brands$4.0Specialty Generics15.6Nuclear Imaging (including CMDS)67.3Corporate10.0 $96.9Substantially all of the restructuring reserves are included in accrued and other current liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.7.Income TaxesIn May 2015, the activities of the Company's principal executive offices were relocated from Ireland to the U.K. which resulted in a change in theCompany's tax residence to the U.K. Mallinckrodt plc remains incorporated in Ireland. The tax regime applicable to holding companies resident in the U.K.allows Mallinckrodt plc to continue to have flexibility in structuring its subsidiary operations and enhanced global cash management. The Companycontinues to be subject to taxation in various tax jurisdictions worldwide. As a result of the integration of acquired intellectual property, the Company'sincome and assets are no longer concentrated in a single tax jurisdiction. Accordingly, in 2015 the Company reports the U.K. tax jurisdiction as its Domesticjurisdiction and the International jurisdiction represents areas outside the U.K. tax jurisdiction.The Domestic and International components of income from continuing operations before income taxes were as follows(1): 2015 2014 2013Domestic$(107.0) $(159.9) $34.7International322.3 6.0 21.0Total$215.3 $(153.9) $55.7(1) Domestic reflects U.K. in fiscal 2015, and U.S. federal and state in fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013.Significant components of income taxes related to continuing operations are as follows(1): 2015 2014 2013Current: Domestic $0.3 $40.9 $49.3International 95.1 17.9 12.1Current income tax provision95.4 58.8 61.4Deferred: Domestic $(0.8) $(49.7) $(18.3)International (187.5) (19.2) 4.4Deferred income tax (benefit) provision(188.3) (68.9) (13.9) $(92.9) $(10.1) $47.5(1) Domestic reflects U.K. in fiscal 2015, and U.S. federal and state in fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013.The fiscal 2015 International current income tax provision reflects a utilization of $7.0 million of net operating losses (primarily in the U.S.) and $14.3million of U.S. credits. The net operating loss utilization is comprised of $4.8 million of net operating losses acquired in conjunction with the IkariaAcquisition and the remainder utilization relating to net operating losses carried forward from fiscal 2014. The U.S. credit utilization is comprised of $7.2million of credits acquired in conjunction with the Ikaria Acquisition and the remainder utilization relating to credits carried forward or generated duringfiscal 2015.The fiscal 2014 Domestic current income tax provision reflects a utilization of $221.3 million of net operating losses (primarily in the U.S.) and $8.6million of U.S. credits. The net operating loss utilization is comprised of $187.8 million of net operating losses acquired in conjunction with the CadenceAcquisition and the remainder utilization relating to net operating losses carried forward.The Company has a provincial tax holiday in Canada that expires on April 1, 2017. The tax holiday reduced International tax expense by $5.1 millionand $0.3 million for the fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively.92The reconciliation between Domestic income taxes at the statutory rate and the Company's provision for income taxes on continuing operations is asfollows: 2015 2014 2013Provision for income taxes at Domestic statutory income tax rate (1)$43.1 $(53.8) $19.5 Adjustments to reconcile to income tax provision: U.S. state income tax provision, net (6)— (6.1) 3.7Rate difference between Domestic and International jurisdictions (2) (3)(138.6) (10.6) 3.3U.S. manufacturing deduction (6)— (4.1) (2.5)Valuation allowances, nonrecurring(2.1) 0.1 3.4Adjustments to accrued income tax liabilities and uncertain tax positions (3)(6.8) (1.5) 5.0Interest and penalties on accrued income tax liabilities and uncertain tax positions (3)0.2 (7.9) 4.7Investment in partnership— 20.0 —Credits, principally research and orphan drug (4)(8.1) (0.8) (6.3)Impairments, nondeductible— 41.8 —Permanently nondeductible and nontaxable items (5)16.4 13.8 15.3Other3.0 (1.0) 1.4Provision for income taxes$(92.9) $(10.1) $47.5(1)The statutory tax rate reflects the U.K. statutory tax rate of 20% for fiscal 2015, and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35% for fiscal 2014 and 2013.(2)Includes the impact of certain recurring valuation allowances for Domestic and International jurisdictions.(3)Fiscal year 2013 includes impact of items relating to entities retained by Covidien in connection with the Separation.(4)During fiscal 2013, the U.S. Research Credit legislation was extended, with a retroactive effective date of January 1, 2012. As such, fiscal 2013 includes approximately $2.3million of credit related to the period January 1, 2012 through September 28, 2012. Due to the December 31, 2013 tax law expiration, fiscal 2014 includes $0.7 million forthe period September 28, 2013 through December 31, 2013. During fiscal 2015, the legislation was extended, with a retroactive effective date of January 1, 2014. As such,fiscal 2015 includes approximately $3.6 million of credit related to the period January 1, 2014 through September 26, 2014.(5)Includes the impact of nondeductible transaction and separation costs.(6)For fiscal 2015, U.S. state income tax benefit of $36.4 million, and U.S. manufacturing deduction tax benefit of $5.6 million were combined with the rate differencesbetween Domestic and International jurisdictions. Fiscal 2014 includes U.S. state income tax benefit of $4.4 million associated with fiscal 2014 acquisitions and integrationthereof.The rate difference between Domestic and International jurisdictions changed from $10.6 million of tax benefit to $138.6 million of tax benefit for fiscal2014 to fiscal 2015, respectively. The rate difference between Domestic and International jurisdictions would have been $32.1 million of tax benefit in fiscal2014 if the referenced rate would have been the U.K. statutory rate of 21%. This change was predominately related to recent acquisitions, which resulted inmore income in lower tax rate jurisdictions and less income in the higher tax rate U.S. jurisdiction relative to income in all jurisdictions. The change in thelower tax rate jurisdictions was predominately due to recent acquisitions, both of which resulted in more income in lower tax rate jurisdictions and lessincome in the higher tax rate U.S. jurisdiction relative to income in all jurisdictions. The change in the lower tax rate jurisdictions was primarily attributableto increased operating income partially offset by amortization. The change in the U.S. jurisdiction was primarily attributable to increased amortization andthe cost of financing recent acquisitions. Of the $128.0 million increase to tax benefit, $21.5 million of tax benefit can be attributed to the change in thereferenced rate from U.S. to U.K, $35.0 million of tax benefit to the change in operating income, $22.5 million of tax expense to the change in amortization,$31.8 million of tax benefit to the U.S. state tax benefit associated with the impact of recent acquisitions, integration thereof, and legislative changes, and$62.2 million of tax benefit related to acquisition and other non-acquisition related items.The rate difference between Domestic and International jurisdictions changed from $3.3 million of tax expense to $10.6 million of tax benefit for fiscal2013 to fiscal 2014, respectively. The rate difference between Domestic and International jurisdictions would have been $10.0 million of tax expense and$32.1 million of tax benefit if the referenced rate would have been the U.K. statutory rate of 23% and 21% for fiscal 2013 and 2014 respectively. This changewas predominately related to recent acquisitions, which resulted in more income in lower tax rate jurisdictions and less income in the higher tax rate U.S.jurisdiction relative to income in all jurisdictions. The change in the lower tax rate jurisdictions was predominately due to recent acquisitions and the benefitof intercompany debt transferred to the Company at Separation, both of which resulted in more income in lower tax rate jurisdictions and less income in thehigher tax rate U.S. jurisdiction relative to income in all jurisdictions. The change in the lower tax rate jurisdictions was primarily attributable to increasedoperating income partially offset by amortization. The change in the U.S. jurisdiction was primarily attributable to increased amortization and the cost offinancing recent acquisitions. Of the $13.9 million decrease in tax expense, $10.8 million of tax expense can be attributed to the change in operating income,$14.0 million of tax expense to the change in amortization, and $38.7 million of tax benefit related to acquisition and other non-acquisition related items.93As of September 25, 2015, September 26, 2014 and September 27, 2013, the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for which the Company is legally anddirectly liable and would be required to remit cash if not sustained were $89.2 million, $82.0 million and $100.1 million, respectively. For periods prior tothe Separation, the Company's operations had been included in tax returns filed by Covidien or certain of its subsidiaries not included in the Company'shistorical combined financial statements. As a result, some U.S. uncertain tax positions related to the Company's operations resulted in unrecognized taxbenefits that are obligations of entities not included in the combined financial statements for periods prior to June 28, 2013. Because the activities that gaverise to these unrecognized tax benefits relate to the Company's operations, the impact of these items (presented in the table below) were charged to theincome tax provision through parent company investment, which was a component of parent company equity in the combined balance sheets.The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest: 2015 2014 2013Balance at beginning of fiscal year$82.0 $100.1 $165.5Unrecognized tax benefits retained by Covidien— — (153.7)Unrecognized tax benefits transferred from Covidien— — 84.2Additions related to current year tax positions4.5 3.2 3.5Additions related to prior period tax positions19.9 30.6 6.6Reductions related to prior period tax positions(7.7) (33.0) (4.3)Settlements(7.8) (6.9) (1.6)Lapse of statute of limitations(1.7) (12.0) (0.1)Balance at end of fiscal year89.2 82.0 100.1During fiscal 2015, the Company made a payment of $8.9 million ($7.4 million of tax and $1.5 million of interest) to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service("IRS") in connection with the settlement of certain tax matters for 2008 and 2009. During fiscal 2014, the Company made a payment of $35.9 million ($27.3million of tax and $8.6 million of interest) to the IRS in connection with the settlement of certain tax matters for 2005 through 2007.Unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest, are reported in the following consolidated balance sheet captions in the amount shown: September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014Accrued and other current liabilities$1.3 $6.5Other income tax liabilities80.0 70.7Deferred income taxes (non-current liability)7.9 4.8 $89.2 $82.0Included within total unrecognized tax benefits at September 25, 2015, September 26, 2014 and September 27, 2013, were $87.4 million, $82.0 millionand $96.3 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, which if favorably settled would benefit the effective tax rate. The remaining unrecognized taxbenefits for each period would be offset by the write-off of related deferred and other tax assets, if recognized. During fiscal 2015, the Company recorded $5.7million of additional interest through tax provision and acquisition accounting and decreased interest $9.3 million related to cash payments related tosettlements as well as reductions related to prior periods. During fiscal 2014 and 2013, the Company accrued additional interest of $7.0 million and $2.4million, respectively. The total amount of accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions was $41.7 million, $45.1 million and $62.1 million, respectively.It is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months, as a result of the resolution of various Domestic and International examinations and appealsand the expiration of various statutes of limitation, that the unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by up to $17.5 million. Interest and penalties coulddecrease by up to $8.8 million.Income taxes payable, including uncertain tax positions and related interest accruals, is reported in the following consolidated balance sheet captions inthe amounts shown.94 September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014Accrued and other current liabilities$19.8 $13.1Other income tax liabilities121.3 122.6 $141.1 $135.7At September 25, 2015, other assets includes $52.2 million of tax payments associated with non-current deferred intercompany transactions. Prepaidexpenses and other current assets includes $8.7 million of tax payments associated with current deferred intercompany transactions, and $81.3 million ofreceivables associated with tax payments on account with the taxing authorities. At September 26, 2014, other assets includes $14.8 million of tax paymentsassociated with non-current deferred intercompany transactions. Prepaid expenses and other current assets includes a receivable of $60.0 million associatedwith the Questcor acquisition and tax payments of $0.6 million associated with current deferred intercompany transactions. All of the above items excludeamounts related to assets which are held for sale. September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014Other assets$52.2 $14.8Prepaid expenses and other current assets90.0 63.4 $142.2 $78.2Covidien continues to be examined by various taxing authorities for periods the Company was included within the consolidated results of Covidien. Inconnection with the Separation, the Company entered into a tax matters agreement ("the Tax Matters Agreement") with Covidien that generally governsCovidien's and Mallinckrodt's respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the Separation with respect to certain taxes, including, but not limitedto, ordinary course of business taxes. For further information on the Tax Matters Agreement, refer to Note 17.As of September 25, 2015, the earliest open year for U.S. federal and state tax jurisdictions is 1996. Additionally, a number of tax periods from 2009 topresent are subject to examination by tax authorities in various jurisdictions, including Ireland, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and the U.K.Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the amount of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting and tax purposes.The components of the net deferred tax (liability) asset at the end of each fiscal year were as follows: September 25,2015 September 26,2014Deferred tax assets: Accrued liabilities and reserves$92.5 $68.9Inventories23.2 21.4Tax loss and credit carryforwards163.3 93.8Environmental liabilities23.6 29.5Rebate reserves48.5 41.1Expired product26.3 39.0Postretirement benefits33.8 34.5Federal and state benefit of uncertain tax positions and interest33.6 29.5Share-based compensation18.9 28.1Intangible assets105.7 9.6Other20.2 32.0 589.6 427.4Deferred tax liabilities: Property, plant and equipment(140.1) (121.6)Intangible assets(1,550.7) (2,177.9)Installment sale(1,465.3) (93.6)Investment in partnership(187.9) (191.3) (3,344.0) (2,584.4)Net deferred tax (liability) before valuation allowances(2,754.4) (2,157.0)Valuation allowances(233.0) (76.9)Net deferred tax (liability)$(2,987.4) $(2,233.9)95Deferred taxes are reported in the following consolidated and combined balance sheet captions in the amounts shown: September 25,2015 September 26,2014Deferred income taxes (current asset)$142.7 $152.3Other non-current assets7.0 13.4Accrued and other current liabilities(4.7) —Deferred income taxes (non-current liability)(3,132.4) (2,399.6)Net deferred tax (liability)$(2,987.4) $(2,233.9)The Company's current deferred tax asset decreased from $152.3 million at September 26, 2014 to $142.7 million at September 25, 2015 primarily due tochanges in inventory valuation as a result of profits in intercompany inventory, the increase in deferred tax assets from the Ikaria Acquisition, and decreasesto operational deferred tax assets due to normal operating activities. Additionally, the Company's non-current deferred tax liability increased from $2,399.6million at September 26, 2014 to $3,132.4 million at September 25, 2015, primarily due to $623.6 million related to the Ikaria Acquisition, $324.3 millionrelated to the Therakos Acquisition, offset by $54.3 million of decreases associated with the amortization of intangibles, $105.4 million of decreasesassociated with the payment of internal installment sale obligations, and approximately $44.0 million of decreases related to other impacts of recentacquisitions and integration.The Ikaria Acquisition resulted in a net deferred tax liability increase of $596.9 million. Significant components of this increase include $620.2 millionof deferred tax liabilities associated with intangibles and $17.5 million of deferred tax liability associated with property, plant and equipment, partially offsetby $21.7 million of deferred tax assets associated with U.S. tax credits, $13.1 million of deferred tax assets associated with financing repayments and $4.9million of deferred tax assets associated with U.S. net operating losses.The Therakos Acquisition resulted in a net deferred tax liability increase of $324.3 million. Significant components of this increase include $334.1million of deferred tax liabilities associated with intangibles partially offset by $13.5 million of deferred tax assets predominately associated with U.S. netoperating losses.As a part of the Questcor integration, the Company entered into an internal installment sale transaction during the three months ended December 26,2014. The Questcor internal installment sale transaction resulted in a decrease of $1,488.7 million to the deferred tax liability associated with the Actharintangible asset, a $1,515.9 million increase to the deferred tax liability associated with an installment sale note receivable, a $25.3 million increase todeferred tax charge, and a $1.9 million increase to prepaid taxes.At September 25, 2015, the Company had approximately $126.0 million of net operating loss carryforwards in certain non-U.K. jurisdictions, of which$91.4 million have no expiration and the remaining $34.6 million will expire in future years through 2025. The Company had $19.6 million of U.K. netoperating loss carryforwards at September 25, 2015, which have no expiration date.At September 25, 2015 the Company also had $16.3 million of tax credits available to reduce future income taxes payable, primarily in jurisdictionswithin the U.S., of which $3.1 million have no expiration and the remainder expire during fiscal 2016 through 2034.The deferred tax asset valuation allowances of $233.0 million and $76.9 million at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014, respectively, relateprincipally to the uncertainty of the utilization of certain deferred tax assets, primarily International net operating losses and intangible assets. The Companybelieves that it will generate sufficient future taxable income to realize the tax benefits related to the remaining net deferred tax assets.The tax residency change impacts the Company’s analysis of its cumulative unrepatriated earnings. As of September 25, 2015, the cumulative amount ofundistributed earnings of the Company's subsidiaries that may be subject to tax, but are considered to be indefinitely reinvested, was $369.0 million. It is notpracticable to determine the cumulative amount of tax liability that would arise if these indefinitely reinvested earnings were remitted due to a variety offactors including the complexity of the Company's global legal entity structure as well as the timing, extent, and nature of any hypothetical repatriation ofunremitted earnings. The net decrease in such undistributed earnings as compared to the period ended September 26, 2014 was attributable to the impact ofthe tax residency change and associated jurisdictions that could be remitted in a tax-free manner as well as the removal of the earnings for the entitiesclassified as held for sale. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in unrepatriated earnings associated with income and losses attributed to thecurrent year activity.The Company has accrued a $0.7 million deferred tax liability associated with approximately $13.4 million of unrepatriated earnings that are notindefinitely reinvested on assets from continuing operations. The Company has also accrued a $6.5 million96deferred tax liability associated with approximately $41.3 million of unrepatriated earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested related to assets held for sale.8.Earnings (Loss) per ShareIn fiscal 2015 and 2014, basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share were computed using the two-class method. The two-class method is an earningsallocation that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participationrights in undistributed earnings. The Company’s restricted stock awards, issued in conjunction with the Questcor Acquisition in August 2014, are consideredparticipating securities as holders are entitled to receive non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting term. Diluted earnings per share includes securities thatcould potentially dilute basic earnings per share during a reporting period, for which the Company includes all share-based compensation awards other thanparticipating securities. Dilutive securities, including participating securities, are not included in the computation of loss per share when the Companyreports a net loss from continuing operations as the impact would be anti-dilutive.In periods prior to fiscal 2014, basic earnings (loss) per share was computed by dividing net income by the number of weighted-average sharesoutstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share was computed using the weighted-average shares outstanding and, if dilutive, potentialordinary shares outstanding during the period. Potential ordinary shares represent the incremental ordinary shares issuable for restricted share units and shareoption exercises. The Company calculated the dilutive effect of outstanding restricted share units and share options on earnings (loss) per share byapplication of the treasury stock method.The computations of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share assumes that the number of shares outstanding for periods prior to June 28, 2013 wasequal to the number of ordinary shares of Mallinckrodt outstanding on June 28, 2013, immediately following the distribution of one ordinary share ofMallinckrodt for every eight ordinary shares of Covidien. The dilutive effect of the Company's share-based awards that were issued as a result of theconversion of Covidien share-based awards with the Separation, the conversion of Questcor share-based awards with the Questcor Acquisition, the initialequity awards granted to certain of the Company's executives on July 1, 2013 and any other Company grants made since the Separation have been includedin the computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, calculated under the methodologies outlined above, weighted appropriatelyfor the portion of the period they were outstanding. 2015 2014 2013Earnings (loss) per share numerator: Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders before allocation of earningsto participating securities$308.2 $(143.8) $8.2Less: earnings allocated to participating securities2.5 — —Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, after earnings allocated toparticipating securities305.7 (143.8) 8.2 Income (loss) from discontinued operations16.5 (175.5) 50.6Less: earnings from discontinued operations allocated to participating securities0.1 — —Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders, after allocation ofearnings to participating securities16.4 (175.5) 50.6Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, after allocation of earnings to participatingsecurities$322.1 $(319.3) $58.8Earnings (loss) per share denominator: Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic115.8 64.9 57.7Impact of dilutive securities1.4 — 0.1Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted117.2 64.9 57.8Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders Income (loss) from continuing operations$2.64 $(2.22) $0.14Income (loss) from discontinued operations0.14 (2.70) 0.88Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders$2.78 $(4.92) $1.02Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders Income (loss) from continuing operations$2.61 $(2.22) $0.14Income (loss) from discontinued operations0.14 (2.70) 0.88Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders$2.75 $(4.92) $1.02The computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013 excludes approximately 0.1 million, 5.7 million and 0.5 million,respectively, of equity awards because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. As the Company incurred a net loss in97fiscal 2014, there was no allocation of the undistributed loss to participating securities because the effect would have been anti-dilutive to basic and dilutedearnings per share.9.InventoriesInventories are comprised of the following at the end of each period: September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014Raw materials and supplies$66.3 $57.5Work in process124.2 184.7Finished goods91.3 64.2Inventories$281.8 $306.410.Property, Plant and EquipmentThe gross carrying amount and accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment at the end of each period was as follows: September 25,2015 September 26,2014Land$49.8 $47.3Buildings333.7 289.4Capitalized software120.2 94.5Machinery and equipment1,220.0 1,041.6Construction in process146.9 196.2 1,870.6 1,669.0Less: accumulated depreciation(879.3) (782.2)Property, plant and equipment, net$991.3 $886.8The amounts above include property under capital leases of $14.8 million and $16.9 million at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014,respectively, consisting primarily of buildings. Accumulated amortization of capitalized leased assets was $14.6 million and $15.8 million at the end of fiscal2015 and 2014, respectively.Depreciation expense, including amounts related to capitalized leased assets, for continuing operations was $103.9 million, $94.7 million and $88.1million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.Long-Lived Asset Impairment AnalysisIn fiscal 2014, the Company recorded long-lived asset impairment charges related to our CMDS asset group. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, theCompany received notification that we lost preferred supplier status with a significant group purchasing organization ("GPO") and that a related-party supplycontract was terminated by the Company. The Company determined that these events constituted a triggering event with respect to our CMDS asset groupassessed the recoverability of the CMDS asset group. The Company determined that the undiscounted cash flows of this asset group were less than its netbook value. This would require the Company to record an impairment charge if the fair value of the CMDS asset group was less than its net book value.The Company determined the fair value of the CMDS asset group using the income approach, a level three measurement technique. For purposes ofdetermining fair value the Company made various assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows, discount rates and other factors in determining the fairvalues of each reporting unit using the income approach. The Company's projections of future cash flows were then discounted based on a weighted-averagecost of capital ("WACC") determined from relevant market comparisons, adjusted upward for specific risks (primarily the uncertainty of achieving projectedoperating cash flows). A terminal value growth rate was applied to the terminal year cash flows, both of which represent the Company's estimate of stable,sustainable growth. The fair value of the asset group represents the sum of the discounted cash flows from the discrete period and the terminal year cash flows.98The Company's projections in the CMDS asset group included long-term net sales and operating income at lower than historical levels. The decrease innet sales and operating income is reflective of the notification of the loss of a significant customer, termination of a supply contract with a related party andincreased competition in the marketplace. The Company utilized a WACC of 8.0%, which reflects the lower inherent risk with the decreasing revenue trends.These assumptions resulted in a fair value of the CMDS asset group that was less than its net book value. Therefore, the Company recorded impairmentcharges of $65.9 million and $52.4 million to the property, plant and equipment and long-lived amortizing intangible assets, respectively, included in theCMDS asset group. The Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its CMDS business, therefore the business is deemed to beheld for sale and the financial results of this business are presented as a discontinued operation. The Company reclassified $51.4 million of the impairmentcharge associated with property, plant and equipment to discontinued operations as certain assets are expected to be retained by the Company based uponthe terms of the Company's agreement with Guerbet. The Company reclassified $52.4 million of the impairment charge associated with intangible assets todiscontinued operations.11.Goodwill and Intangible AssetsThe changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows: September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014 GrossCarryingAmount AccumulatedImpairment GrossCarryingAmount AccumulatedImpairmentSpecialty Brands$3,442.4 $— $2,194.9 $—Specialty Generics207.0 — 207.0 —Nuclear Imaging119.5 (119.5) 119.5 (119.5)Total$3,768.9 $(119.5) $2,521.4 $(119.5)During the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015, the gross carrying value of goodwill in the Specialty Brands segment increased by $1,247.5 million,attributable to $792.4 million from the Ikaria Acquisition, $437.2 million from the Therakos Acquisition and $17.9 million resulting from adjustments to theQuestcor Acquisition purchase price allocation.Goodwill Impairment AnalysisThe Company has identified the Specialty Brands, Specialty Generics and the Nuclear Imaging businesses as representing both segments and reportingunits. For purposes of assessing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill for each reporting unit the Company makes various assumptions regardingestimated future cash flows, discount rates and other factors in determining the fair values of each reporting unit using the income approach. The Company'sprojections of future cash flows were then discounted based on a WACC determined from relevant market comparisons, adjusted upward for specific reportingunit risks (primarily the uncertainty of achieving projected operating cash flows). A terminal value growth rate was applied to the terminal year cash flows,both of which represent the Company's estimate of stable, sustainable growth. The fair value of the reporting unit represents the sum of the discounted cashflows from the discrete period and the terminal year cash flows. The fair values of the reporting units were assessed for reasonableness by aggregating the fairvalues and comparing this to the Company's market capitalization with a control premium.The Company's projections in its Specialty Brands reporting unit include long-term revenue and operating income at levels higher than historical levels,which is primarily associated with revenue growth for Acthar, Inomax and Ofirmev. The projections also reflect the potential impacts from the future loss ofexclusivity related to Ofirmev. The Company utilized a WACC of 12.0%. These assumptions resulted in a fair value of the Specialty Brands reporting unit inexcess of its net book value. Should the Specialty Brands reporting unit fail to experience growth in the aforementioned products, revise its long-termprojections for these products downward or market conditions dictate utilization of higher discount rates, the Specialty Brands reporting unit could besubject to impairment in future periods.The Company's projections in its Specialty Generics and API reporting unit include long-term revenue and operating income at levels lower thanhistorical levels primarily attributable to increased competition. The Company utilized a WACC of 11.0%. These assumptions resulted in a fair value of theSpecialty Generics and API reporting unit in excess of its net book value.In fiscal 2014, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges related to our former Global Medical Imaging reporting unit (which included theCMDS business that is now included within discontinued operations and the remaining Nuclear Imaging reporting unit). The Company recorded animpairment charge related to goodwill in fiscal 2014 of $219.7 million, which eliminated all goodwill balances related to the Global Medical Imagingreporting unit. In fiscal 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into a99definitive agreement to sell its CMDS business, therefore the business was deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of this business are presented asa discontinued operation. The Company reclassified $100.2 million of the impairment charge to discontinued operations.The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets, excluding held for sale intangible assets, at the end of each period were asfollows: September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014 GrossCarryingAmount AccumulatedAmortization GrossCarryingAmount AccumulatedAmortizationAmortizable: Completed technology$9,896.0 $765.8 $6,906.0 $235.6Licenses185.1 99.8 185.1 87.3Customer relationships28.1 4.4 33.8 0.6Trademarks82.1 6.2 13.0 4.1Other6.7 6.7 6.7 5.0Total$10,198.0 $882.9 $7,144.6 $332.6Non-Amortizable: Trademarks$35.0 $35.0 In-process research and development316.2 235.2 Total$351.2 $270.2 Finite-lived intangible asset amortization expense within continuing operations was $550.3 million, $154.8 million and $27.9 million in fiscal 2015,2014 and 2013, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense on intangible assets owned by the Company, excluding held for sale intangibleassets, is expected to be as follows: Fiscal 2016$693.7Fiscal 2017691.9Fiscal 2018682.9Fiscal 2019682.6Fiscal 2020682.010012.DebtDebt was comprised of the following at the end of each period: September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014 Principal UnamortizedDiscount andDebt IssuanceCosts Principal UnamortizedDiscount andDebt IssuanceCostsCurrent maturities of long-term debt: 2.85% term loan due April 2016$— $— $0.4 $—Term loans due March 202120.0 — 18.2 —4.00% term loan due February 20221.0 — 1.2 —Capital lease obligation and vendor financing agreements1.3 — 1.4 —Total current debt22.3 — 21.2 —Long-term debt: Variable rate receivable securitization153.0 0.8 150.0 1.02.85% term loan due April 2016— — 2.7 —3.50% notes due April 2018300.0 1.7 300.0 2.44.88% notes due April 2020700.0 11.3 — —Term loans due March 20211,958.5 44.1 1,978.5 52.44.00% term loan due February 20226.9 — 9.6 —9.50% debentures due May 202210.4 — 10.4 —5.75% notes due August 2022900.0 14.4 900.0 16.48.00% debentures due March 20234.4 — 8.0 —4.75% notes due April 2023600.0 7.1 600.0 7.95.625% notes due October 2023750.0 13.7 — —5.50% notes due April 2025700.0 11.9 — —Revolving credit facility500.0 4.9 — 5.5Capital lease obligation and vendor financing agreements1.0 — 0.4 —Total long-term debt6,584.2 109.9 3,959.6 85.6Total debt$6,606.5 $109.9 $3,980.8 $85.6In November 2012, Mallinckrodt International Finance S.A. ("MIFSA") was formed as a 100% owned subsidiary of Covidien in connection with theSeparation. MIFSA is a holding company established to own, directly or indirectly, substantially all of the operating subsidiaries of the Company, to issuedebt securities and to perform treasury operations. At the time of the Separation, MIFSA became a 100% owned subsidiary of the Company.In April 2013, MIFSA issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50% senior unsecured notes due April 2018 and $600.0 million aggregateprincipal amount of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due April 2023 (collectively, "the Notes"). Mallinckrodt plc has fully and unconditionally guaranteed theNotes on an unsecured and unsubordinated basis. The Notes are subject to an indenture which contains covenants limiting the ability of MIFSA, its restrictedsubsidiaries (as defined in the Notes) and Mallinckrodt plc, as guarantor, to incur certain liens or enter into sale and lease-back transactions. It also restrictsMallinckrodt plc and MIFSA's ability to merge or consolidate with any other person or sell or convey all or substantially all of their assets to any one person.MIFSA may redeem all of the Notes at any time, and some of the Notes from time to time, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notesredeemed plus a make-whole premium. MIFSA will pay interest on the Notes semiannually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, whichcommenced on October 15, 2013. The net proceeds to MIFSA from the issuance and sale of the Notes was $889.3 million, the majority of which was retainedby Covidien per the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement.In March 2014, MIFSA and Mallinckrodt CB LLC ("MCB"), each a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into senior secured creditfacilities consisting of a $1.3 billion term loan facility due 2021 ("the Term Loan") and a $250.0 million revolving credit facility due 2019 ("the Revolver")(collectively, "the Facilities"). The Facilities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Mallinckrodt plc, certain of its direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S.subsidiaries and each of its direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries that owns directly or indirectly any such wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary (collectively,"the Guarantors"). The Facilities are secured by a security interest in certain assets of MIFSA, MCB and the Guarantors. The Facilities contain customaryaffirmative and negative covenants, which include, among other things, restrictions on the Company's ability to declare or pay101dividends, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, enter into sale and lease-back transactions, make investments, dispose of assets and merge orconsolidate with any other person. In addition, the Revolver contains a financial covenant that may limit the Company's total net debt leverage ratio, whichis defined as the ratio of (i) the Company's consolidated debt, less any unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, to (ii) the Company's adjusted consolidatedEBITDA, as defined in the credit agreement. The Facilities bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin based on the Company's total net debt leverage ratio, and theTerm Loan is subject to a minimum LIBOR level of 0.75%. Interest payment dates are variable based on the LIBOR rate utilized, but the Company generallyexpects interest to be payable every 90 days. The Term Loan requires quarterly principal amortization payments in an amount equal to 0.25% of the originalprincipal amount of the Term Loan payable on the last day of each calendar quarter, which commenced on June 30, 2014, with the remaining balancepayable on the due date, March 19, 2021. The Company incurred an original issue discount of 0.25%, or $3.3 million, associated with the Term Loan. TheRevolver contains a $150.0 million letter of credit provision, of which none had been issued as of September 25, 2015. On August 28, 2015, in connectionwith the Therakos Acquisition, Mallinckrodt Enterprises LLC and Mallinckrodt plc, two wholly owned subsidiaries of Mallinckrodt plc, MIFSA and MCB,entered into a $250.0 million replacement revolving credit facility (the “2015 Replacement Revolving Credit Facility”), which refinanced and replaced infull the existing revolving credit facility, and an additional $250.0 million incremental revolving credit facility (the “2015 Incremental Revolving CreditFacility” and, together with the 2015 Replacement Revolving Credit Facility, the “2015 Revolving Credit Facility”), such that the 2015 Revolving CreditFacility has an aggregate facility size of $500.0 million. Unused commitments on the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility are subject to an annual commitmentfee, which was 0.275% as of September 25, 2015, and the fee applied to outstanding letters of credit is based on the interest rate applied to borrowings. As ofSeptember 25, 2015, the applicable interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility was 2.6%, and outstanding borrowingstotaled $500.0 million.In July 2014, Mallinckrodt Securitization S.À.R.L. ("Mallinckrodt Securitization"), a wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary of the Company, enteredinto a $160.0 million accounts receivable securitization facility that matures in July 2017 ("the Receivable Securitization"). In January 2015, MallinckrodtSecuritization amended the Receivable Securitization with third-party lenders to increase the borrowing limit from $160.0 million to $250.0 million. Theterms of the Receivable Securitization, and the determination of interest rates, were largely unchanged. Mallinckrodt Securitization may, from time to time,obtain up to $250.0 million in third-party borrowings secured by certain receivables, which may be increased to $300.0 million upon approval of the third-party lenders, subject to certain conditions. The Receivable Securitization agreements contain customary representations, warranties and affirmative andnegative covenants.The borrowings under the Receivable Securitization are to be repaid as the secured receivables are collected. Loans under the ReceivableSecuritization will bear interest (including facility fees) at a rate equal to one month LIBOR rate plus a margin of 0.80%. Unused commitments on theReceivables Securitization are subject to an annual commitment fee of 0.35%. As of September 25, 2015, the applicable interest rate on outstandingborrowings under the Receivable Securitization was 0.99% and outstanding borrowings totaled $153.0 million.In August 2014, MIFSA and MCB issued $900.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% senior unsecured notes due August 1, 2022 ("the 2022Notes”). The 2022 Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured basis by certain of MIFSA's subsidiaries. The 2022 Notes are subject to an indenture that containscertain customary covenants and events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods). The occurrence of an event of default underthe indenture could result in the acceleration of the 2022 Notes and could cause a cross-default that could result in the acceleration of other indebtedness ofMallinckrodt plc and its subsidiaries. MIFSA may redeem some or all of the 2022 Notes prior to August 1, 2017 by paying a make-whole premium. MIFSAmay redeem some or all of the 2022 Notes on or after August 1, 2017 at specified redemption prices. In addition, prior to August 1, 2017, MIFSA may redeemup to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes with the net proceeds of certain equity offerings. The Issuers are obligated to offer torepurchase the 2022 Notes at a price of (a) 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, as a result of certain change of controlevents and (b) 100% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, in the event of certain asset sales. These obligations are subject tocertain qualifications and exceptions. MIFSA pays interest on the 2022 Notes semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencingon February 1, 2015.In August 2014, MIFSA and MCB entered into a $700.0 million senior secured term loan facility ("the New Term Loan”). The New Term Loan is anincremental tranche under the credit agreement governing our existing Term Loan and Revolver, entered into in March 2014, (collectively, with the NewTerm Loan, represent "the Senior Secured Credit Facilities"). New Term Loan has substantially similar terms to the Term Loan (other than pricing); includingthe determination of interest rates and quarterly principal amortization payments equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the New Term Loan. Thequarterly principal payments commenced on December 31, 2014, with the remaining balance payable on the due date of March 19, 2021. Mallinckrodt plcand its subsidiaries (other than MIFSA, MCB and the subsidiaries of MIFSA that guarantee the Facilities) will not guarantee the New Term Loan, and the NewTerm Loan will not be secured by the assets of such entities. The August 2014 Term Loan bears interest under substantially similar terms of the March 2014Term Loan, including the use of LIBOR rates with a minimum floor, except that the margin applied to LIBOR is not dependent upon the Company's total netdebt leverage ratio.On April 15, 2015, MIFSA and MCB issued $700.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.875% senior unsecured notes due April 15, 2020 ("the 2020Notes") and $700.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.50% senior unsecured notes due April 15, 2025 ("the 2025 Notes", and together with the 2020Notes, the "Ikaria Notes"). The Ikaria Notes are guaranteed by Mallinckrodt plc and each of its subsidiaries that guarantee the obligations under the Facilities,which following the Ikaria Acquisition includes Compound102Holdings II, Inc. and its U.S. subsidiaries. The Ikaria Notes are subject to an indenture that contains certain customary covenants and events of default(subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods). The occurrence of an event of default under the indenture could result in the acceleration of theIkaria Notes and could cause a cross-default that could result in the acceleration of other indebtedness of the Company. The Issuers may redeem some or all ofthe (i) 2020 Notes prior to April 15, 2017 and (ii) 2025 Notes prior to April 15, 2020, in each case, by paying a “make-whole” premium. The Issuers mayredeem some or all of the (i) 2020 Notes on or after April 15, 2017 and (ii) 2025 Notes on or after April 15, 2020, in each case, at specified redemption prices.In addition, prior to (i) April 15, 2017, in the case of the 2020 Notes, and (ii) April 15, 2018, in the case of the 2025 Notes, the Issuers may redeem up to 40%of the aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes or 2025 Notes, as the case may be, with the net proceeds of certain equity offerings. The Issuers areobligated to offer to repurchase (a) each series of Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, as a result ofcertain change of control events and (b) the Notes at a price of 100% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, in the event of certainnet asset sales. These obligations are subject to certain qualifications and exceptions. The Company pays interest on the Ikaria Notes semiannually on April15th and October 15th of each year, commencing on October 15, 2015.On September 24, 2015, in connection with the Therakos Acquisition, MIFSA and MCB issued $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.625%senior unsecured notes due October 2023 (the “2023 Notes”). The Notes are guaranteed by Mallinckrodt plc and each of its subsidiaries under the Facilities,which following the Therakos Acquisition includes TGG Medical Solutions, Inc. and its U.S. subsidiaries. The 2023 Notes are subject to an indenture thatcontains certain customary covenants and events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods). The occurrence of an event ofdefault under the indenture could result in the acceleration of the 2023 Notes and could cause a cross-default that could result in the acceleration of otherindebtedness of the Company. The Issuers may redeem some or all of the 2023 Notes on or after October 15, 2018 at specified redemption prices. In addition,prior to October 15, 2018, the Issuers may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes with the net proceeds of certain equityofferings. The Issuers may also redeem all, but not less than all, of the Notes at any time at a price of 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaidinterest, if any, in the event the Issuers become obligated to pay additional amounts as a result of changes affecting certain withholding tax laws applicable topayments on the Notes. The Issuers are obligated to offer to repurchase the 2023 Notes (a) at a price of 101% of their principal amount plus accrued andunpaid interest, if any, as a result of certain change of control events and (b) the 2023 Notes at a price of 100% of their principal amount plus accrued andunpaid interest, if any, in the event of certain net asset sales. These obligations are subject to certain qualifications and exceptions. The Company paysinterest on the 2023 Notes semiannually on April 15th and October 15th of each year, commencing on April 15, 2016.As of September 25, 2015, the applicable interest rate for the Term Loan and New Term Loan were 3.25% and 3.50%, respectively, and outstandingprincipal under these agreements totaled approximately $1,978.5 million.The aggregate amounts of debt, including the capital lease obligation, maturing during the next five fiscal years are as follows:Fiscal 2016$22.3Fiscal 2017175.0Fiscal 2018321.2Fiscal 2019521.2Fiscal 2020721.213.Retirement PlansDefined Benefit PlansThe Company sponsors a number of defined benefit retirement plans covering certain of its U.S. employees and non-U.S. employees. As of September 25,2015, U.S. plans represented 70.6% of the Company's total pension plan assets and 73.1% of the Company's projected benefit obligation. The Companygenerally does not provide postretirement benefits other than retirement plan benefits for its employees; however, certain of the Company's U.S. employeesparticipate in postretirement benefit plans that provide medical benefits. These plans are unfunded.103The net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans was as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Fiscal Year Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013Service cost$4.5 $5.1 $5.0 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1Interest cost17.5 19.6 18.2 1.9 2.1 2.4Expected return on plan assets(22.6) (24.6) (29.6) — — —Amortization of net actuarial loss9.4 8.1 12.3 — — 0.3Amortization of prior service cost(0.6) (0.6) 0.6 (4.0) (9.3) (9.1)Loss on plan settlements6.0 3.8 6.8 — — —Net periodic benefit cost (credit)$14.2 $11.4 $13.3 $(2.0) $(7.1) $(6.3)The following table represents the changes in benefit obligations, plan assets and the net amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheets forpension and postretirement benefit plans at the end of fiscal 2015 and 2014: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2015 2014 2015 2014Change in benefit obligation: Projected benefit obligations at beginning of year$538.4 $501.7 $52.0 $53.2Service cost4.5 5.1 0.1 0.1Interest cost17.5 19.6 1.9 2.1Employee contributions0.6 0.6 — —Actuarial (gain) loss(4.5) 60.0 2.1 0.5Benefits and administrative expenses paid(21.1) (21.9) (3.9) (3.9)Plan settlements(23.6) (17.6) — —Net transfer in/(out)0.6 — — —Currency translation(18.9) (9.1) — —Projected benefit obligations at end of year$493.5 $538.4 $52.2 $52.0 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$473.6 $456.0 $— $—Actual return on plan assets12.5 59.7 — —Employer contributions13.0 4.9 3.9 3.9Employee contributions0.6 0.6 — —Benefits and administrative expenses paid(21.1) (21.9) (3.9) (3.9)Plan settlements(23.6) (17.6) — —Currency translation(17.1) (8.1) — —Fair value of plan assets at end of year$437.9 $473.6 $— $—Funded status at end of year$(55.6) $(64.8) $(52.2) $(52.0)104 Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2015 2014 2015 2014Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheet: Non-current assets$20.1 $9.8 $— $—Current liabilities(6.6) (2.7) (4.6) (4.8)Non-current liabilities(69.1) (71.9) (47.6) (47.2)Net amount recognized on the consolidated balance sheet$(55.6) $(64.8) $(52.2) $(52.0) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income consist of: Net actuarial loss$(104.1) $(115.1) $(5.1) $(2.9)Prior service credit5.5 6.9 14.9 18.8Net amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income$(98.6) $(108.2) $9.8 $15.9The estimated amounts that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost (credit) in fiscal 2016 are asfollows: Pension Benefits PostretirementBenefitsAmortization of net actuarial loss$10.8 $—Amortization of prior service cost(0.5) (2.1)The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension plans at the end of fiscal 2015 and 2014 was $489.4 million and $533.6 million, respectively.Additional information related to pension plans is as follows: 2015 2014Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: Accumulated benefit obligation$368.8 $394.7Fair value of plan assets294.1 321.6The accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets do notsignificantly differ from the amounts in the table above since substantially all of the Company's pension plans are frozen.Actuarial AssumptionsWeighted-average assumptions used each fiscal year to determine net periodic benefit cost for the Company's pension plans are as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013Discount rate3.8% 4.2% 3.5% 2.5% 3.5% 4.0%Expected return on plan assets6.0% 6.5% 7.9% 2.9% 3.1% 3.5%Rate of compensation increase—% —% —% 3.2% 3.5% 3.7%Weighted-average assumptions used each fiscal year to determine benefits obligations for the Company's pension plans are as follows: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013Discount rate3.9% 3.9% 4.3% 2.5% 2.5% 3.7%Rate of compensation increase—% —% —% 3.6% 3.4% 3.5%105For the Company's U.S. plans, the discount rate is based on the market rate for a broad population of Moody's AA-rated corporate bonds over $250.0million. For the Company's non-U.S. plans, the discount rate is generally determined by reviewing country and region specific government and corporatebond interest rates.In determining the expected return on pension plan assets, the Company considers the relative weighting of plan assets by class and individual assetclass performance expectations as provided by external advisors in reaching conclusions on appropriate assumptions. The investment strategy for the pensionplans is to obtain a long-term return on plan assets that is consistent with the level of investment risk that is considered appropriate. Investment risks andreturns are reviewed regularly against benchmarks to ensure objectives are being met.The weighted-average discount rate used to determine net periodic benefit cost and obligations for the Company's postretirement benefit plans are asfollows: 2015 2014 2013Net periodic benefit cost3.6% 4.0% 3.2%Benefit obligations3.9% 3.7% 4.0%Healthcare cost trend assumptions for postretirement benefit plans are as follows: 2015 2014Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next fiscal year7.1% 7.1%Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline4.5% 4.5%Fiscal year the ultimate trend rate is achieved2029 2029A one-percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects: One-Percentage-PointIncrease One-Percentage-PointDecreaseEffect on total of service and interest cost$— $—Effect on postretirement benefit obligation0.8 (0.7)Plan AssetsThe Company's U.S. pension plans have a target allocation of 24% equity securities and 76% debt securities. Various asset allocation strategies are inplace for non-U.S. pension plans depending upon local law, status, funding level and duration of liabilities, and are 39% equity securities, 55% debtsecurities and 6% other (primarily cash) for our Japanese pension plan and 10% equity securities, 2% debt securities and 88% other (primarily insurancecontracts) for our plan in the Netherlands.Pension plans have the following weighted-average asset allocations at the end of each fiscal year: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2015 2014 2015 2014Equity securities27% 28% 6% 8%Debt securities70 70 1 2Cash and cash equivalents3 1 — —Other— 1 93 90Total100% 100% 100% 100%106The following tables provide a summary of plan assets held by the Company's pension plans that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the endof fiscal 2015 and 2014: Basis of Fair Value Measurement Fiscal 2015 Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets (Level 1) Significant OtherObservable Inputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Equity Securities: U.S. small mid cap$15.1 $15.1 $— $—U.S. large cap46.2 46.2 — —International31.0 22.7 8.3 —Debt securities: Diversified fixed income funds (1)198.4 196.9 1.5 —High yield bonds11.3 11.3 — —Emerging market funds7.4 7.4 — —Insurance contracts116.7 — — 116.7Other11.8 9.4 2.4 —Total$437.9 $309.0 $12.2 $116.7 Basis of Fair Value Measurement Fiscal 2014 Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets (Level 1) Significant OtherObservable Inputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Equity Securities: U.S. small mid cap$16.6 $16.6 $— $—U.S. large cap50.2 50.2 — —International39.8 28.7 11.1 —Debt securities: Diversified fixed income funds (1)218.7 216.6 2.1 —High yield bonds13.0 13.0 — —Emerging market funds9.5 9.5 — —Insurance contracts119.8 — — 119.8Other6.0 2.6 3.4 —Total$473.6 $337.2 $16.6 $119.8(1)Diversified fixed income funds consist of U.S. Treasury bonds, mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and U.S. agency bonds.Equity securities. Equity securities primarily consist of mutual funds with underlying investments in foreign equity and domestic equity markets. Thefair value of these investments is based on net asset value of the units held in the respective fund, which are determined by obtaining quoted prices onnationally recognized securities exchanges (level 1) or through net asset values provided by the fund administrators that can be corroborated by observablemarket data (level 2).Debt securities. Debt securities are primarily invested in mutual funds with underlying fixed income investments in U.S. government and corporate debt,U.S. dollar denominated foreign government and corporate debt, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities and U.S. agency bonds. The fair value ofthese investments is based on the net asset value of the units held in the respective fund which are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationallyrecognized securities exchanges.Insurance contracts. Insurance contracts held by the Company are issued primarily by Delta Lloyd, a well-known, highly rated insurance company. Thefair value of these insurance contracts is based upon the present value of future cash flows under the terms of the contracts and therefore the fair value of theseassets has been classified as level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. Significant assumptions used in determining the fair value of these contracts are theamount and timing of future cash flows and counterparty credit risk. The objective of the insurance contracts is to provide the Company with future cashflows that will match the estimated timing and amount of future pension benefit payments. Delta Lloyd's insurance subsidiaries have a Standard & Poor'scredit rating of A.107Other. Other includes cash and cash equivalents invested in a money market mutual fund, the fair value of which is determined by obtaining quotedprices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (level 1). In addition, other includes real estate funds, the fair value of which is determined using otherinputs, such as net asset values provided by the fund administrators that can be corroborated by observable market data (level 2).The following table provides a summary of the changes in the fair value measurements that used significant unobservable inputs (level 3) for fiscal 2015and 2014: InsuranceContractsBalance at September 27, 2013$112.0Net unrealized gains15.5Net purchases, sales and issuances(0.6)Currency translation(7.1)Balance at September 26, 2014119.8Net unrealized gains12.2Net purchases, sales and issuances(0.1)Currency translation(15.2)Balance at September 25, 2015$116.7Mallinckrodt shares are not a direct investment of the Company's pension funds; however, the pension funds may indirectly include Mallinckrodt shares.The aggregate amount of the Mallinckrodt shares are not material relative to the total pension fund assets.ContributionsThe Company's funding policy is to make contributions in accordance with the laws and customs of the various countries in which the Companyoperates, as well as to make discretionary voluntary contributions from time to time. In fiscal 2015 and 2014, the Company made $13.0 million and $4.9million in contributions, respectively, to the Company's pension plans. The Company does not anticipate making material involuntary contributions in fiscal2016, but may elect to make voluntary contributions to its defined pension plans or its postretirement benefit plans during fiscal 2016. Expected Future Benefit PaymentsBenefit payments expected to be paid, reflecting future expected service as appropriate, are as follows: Pension Benefits PostretirementBenefitsFiscal 2016$40.0 $4.6Fiscal 201733.6 4.3Fiscal 201833.0 4.0Fiscal 201932.6 3.8Fiscal 202031.4 3.5Fiscal 2021 - 2025143.9 15.6Defined Contribution Retirement PlansThe Company maintains one active tax-qualified 401(k) retirement plan and one active non-qualified deferred compensation plan in the U.S. The 401(k)retirement plan provides for an automatic Company contribution of three percent of an eligible employee's pay, with an additional Company matchingcontribution generally equal to 50% of each employee's elective contribution to the plan up to six percent of the employee's eligible pay. The deferredcompensation plan permits eligible employees to defer a portion of their compensation. Total defined contribution expense related to continuing operationswas $23.7 million, $20.5 million and $20.3 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.108Rabbi Trusts and Other InvestmentsThe Company maintains several rabbi trusts, the assets of which are used to pay retirement benefits. The rabbi trust assets are subject to the claims of theCompany's creditors in the event of the Company's insolvency. Plan participants are general creditors of the Company with respect to these benefits. Thetrusts primarily hold life insurance policies and debt and equity securities, the value of which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.Note 20 provides additional information regarding the debt and equity securities. The carrying value of the 134 life insurance contracts held by these trustswas $57.9 million and $56.3 million at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014, respectively. These contracts had a total death benefit of $147.3 millionand $145.7 million at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014, respectively. However, there are outstanding loans against the policies amounting to$40.4 million and $38.2 million at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014, respectively.The Company has insurance contracts which serve as collateral for certain of the Company's non-U.S. pension plan benefits, which totaled $9.8 millionand $11.0 million at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014, respectively. These amounts were also included in other assets on the consolidatedbalance sheets.14.EquityPreferred SharesMallinckrodt is authorized to issue 500,000,000 preferred shares, par value of $0.20 per share, none of which were issued or outstanding at September 25,2015. Rights as to dividends, return of capital, redemption, conversion, voting and otherwise with respect to these shares may be determined byMallinckrodt's board of directors on or before the time of issuance. In the event of the liquidation of the Company, the holders of any preferred shares thenoutstanding would, if issued on such terms that they carry a preferential distribution entitlement on liquidation, be entitled to payment to them of the amountfor which the preferred shares were subscribed and any unpaid dividends prior to any payment to the ordinary shareholders.Share RepurchasesOn January 23, 2015, the Company's board of directors authorized a program to purchase up to $300.0 million of the Company's ordinary shares fromtime to time based on market conditions to allow management to enhance shareholder value. The following table presents the number of shares and dollaramount of repurchases made under the repurchase program by fiscal year and the remaining amount available for repurchase as of September 25, 2015. 2015 Share Repurchase Program Number ofShares AmountAuthorized repurchase amount $300.0Repurchases: Fiscal 2015823,592 75.0Remaining amount available $225.0The Company also repurchases shares from certain employees in order to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements in connection with the vestingof restricted shares. In addition, the Company repurchases shares to settle certain option exercises. The Company spent $17.2 million and $17.5 million toacquire shares in connection with equity-based awards in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively.15.Share PlansTotal share-based compensation cost from continuing operations was $116.1 million, $66.8 million and $16.0 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013,respectively. These amounts are generally included within selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated and combined statements ofincome. In conjunction with the Questcor Acquisition, Questcor equity awards were converted to Mallinckrodt equity awards which resulted in post-combination expense of $90.4 million in fiscal 2015, included in the above total share-based compensation, of which $80.6 million is included withinselling, general and administrative expenses and $9.8 million is included within restructuring charges, net. The incremental fair value associated with theconversion of Covidien equity awards into Mallinckrodt equity awards is included in separation costs. The Company recognized a related tax benefitassociated with this expense of $41.7 million, $24.1 million and $5.7 million in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.109Incentive Equity Awards Converted from Covidien AwardsPrior to the Separation, all employee incentive equity awards were granted by Covidien. At the time of Separation, the restricted share units and shareoptions granted to Mallinckrodt employees prior to June 28, 2013 were converted into restricted share units and share options, respectively, of Mallinckrodt,and all of the performance share awards granted to Mallinckrodt employees were converted to restricted share units of Mallinckrodt (collectively, "theConversion"). Mallinckrodt incentive equity awards issued upon completion of the Conversion and the related weighted-average grant date fair value ispresented below: Awards Weighted-AverageGrant-DateFair ValueShare options2,399,822 $7.96Restricted share units575,213 38.97Share Options. A summary of the status of the Company's share option awards upon completion of the Conversion on June 28, 2013 is presented below: Shares Options Weighted-AverageExercisePrice Weighted-AverageRemainingContractualTerm(in years) AggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding at June 28, 20132,399,822 $35.94 8.0 $22.9Exercisable at June 28, 2013550,097 30.94 5.9 8.0The Conversion resulted in a modification of the previously issued share option awards. The Company compared the aggregate fair value of the awardsimmediately before and immediately after the Separation. The fair value of the awards immediately after the Separation was higher than the awardsimmediately before, primarily due to the elimination of Covidien's dividend yield assumption and the Company's higher volatility as compared to Covidien.The incremental fair value for vested awards was recognized immediately within separation costs, as the incremental fair value is directly attributable to theSeparation, and the incremental fair value for unvested awards will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period of the applicableawards, also within separation costs.The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model for determining the fair value of the share option awards immediately beforeand immediately after the Separation were as follows: Pre- Separation Post- SeparationExpected share price volatility26% 32%Risk-free interest rate0.99% 0.99%Expected annual dividend per share1.65% —%Expected life of options (in years)3.8 3.8Fair value per option$18.04 $16.51Share option awards1,745,258 2,399,822Restricted share units. The Conversion resulted in a modification of the previously issued restricted share unit awards ("RSUs"). The Company comparedthe aggregate fair value of the awards immediately before and immediately after the Separation. The Conversion did not result in incremental fair value.Performance share units. The Conversion resulted in a modification of the previously issued performance share unit awards ("PSUs"). The Companycompared the aggregate fair value of the awards immediately before and immediately after the Separation. The fair value of the awards was higher after theConversion as the performance factor utilized to convert the award was higher than what had previously been estimated. The incremental fair value wasrecognized immediately within separation costs for the service period to date and the remaining incremental fair value will be recognized over the remainingvesting period within separation costs.110Stock Compensation PlansPrior to the Separation, the Company adopted the 2013 Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Stock and Incentive Plan ("the 2013 Plan"). The 2013 Planprovides for the award of share options, share appreciation rights, annual performance bonuses, long-term performance awards, restricted units, restrictedshares, deferred share units, promissory shares and other share-based awards (collectively, "Awards"). The 2013 Plan provided for a maximum of 5.7 millioncommon shares to be issued as Awards, subject to adjustment as provided under the terms of the 2013 Plan. In fiscal 2015, the Company amended the 2013Plan and adopted the 2015 Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Stock and Incentive Plan ("the 2015 Plan"). The 2015 Plan provides for a maximum of 17.8 millioncommon shares to be issued as Awards (an incremental 12.1 million Awards from the 2013 Plan subject to issuance), subject to adjustment as provided underthe terms of the 2015 Plan. As of September 25, 2015, all equity awards held by the Company's employees were either converted from Covidien equityawards at the Separation, converted from Questcor equity awards, or granted under the 2013 Plan or 2015 Plan.Share options. Share options are granted to purchase the Company's ordinary shares at prices that are equal to the fair market value of the shares on thedate the share option is granted. Share options generally vest in equal annual installments over a period of four years and expire ten years after the date ofgrant. The grant-date fair value of share options, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite serviceperiod, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are estimated based on historical experience.Share option activity and information is as follows: Share Options Weighted-AverageExercise Price Weighted-AverageRemainingContractual Term(in years) Aggregate IntrinsicValueOutstanding at September 27, 20132,760,231 $37.30 Granted675,921 52.63 Converted from Questcor Acquisition1,292,736 25.08 Exercised(878,330) 30.96 Expired/Forfeited(323,769) 41.83 Outstanding at September 26, 20143,526,789 36.84 Granted635,567 102.20 Exercised(1,132,778) 29.79 Expired/Forfeited(243,135) 58.00 Outstanding at September 25, 20152,786,443 52.76 7.3 $63.2 Vested and unvested expected to vest as of September 25, 20152,649,351 50.94 7.4 59.0Exercisable at September 25, 20151,054,336 34.20 5.8 36.2As of September 25, 2015, there was $24.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share option awards, which is expectedto be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.111The grant date fair value of share options has been estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Use of a valuation model requires management tomake certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. The expected volatility assumption is based on the historical and implied volatility of theCompany's peer group with similar business models for periods after the Separation, and on Covidien's peer group with similar business models for periodsprior to the Separation. The expected life assumption is based on the contractual and vesting term of the share option, employee exercise patterns andemployee post-vesting termination behavior. The expected annual dividend per share is based on the Company's current intentions regarding payment ofcash dividends, or Covidien's dividend rate on the date of grant. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining termequal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model for share options grantedin fiscal 2013 subsequent to the Separation are included within the discussion of modification expense above. The weighted-average assumptions used in theBlack-Scholes pricing model for shares granted in fiscal 2015, along with the weighted-average grant-date fair value, were as follows: 2015 2014Expected share price volatility29% 32%Risk-free interest rate1.72% 1.96%Expected annual dividend per share—% —%Expected life of options (in years)5.3 5.5Fair value per option$30.08 $17.38In fiscal 2013, subsequent to the Separation, the total intrinsic value of share options exercised and the related tax benefit was not significant. In fiscal2015 and 2014, the total intrinsic value of options exercised was $89.5 million and $34.2 million, respectively, and the related tax benefit was $33.1 millionand $12.0 million, respectively.Restricted share units. Recipients of RSUs have no voting rights and receive dividend equivalent units which vest upon the vesting of the related shares.RSUs generally vest in equal annual installments over a period of four years. Restrictions on RSUs lapse upon normal retirement, death or disability of theemployee. The grant-date fair value of RSUs, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the service period. Thefair market value of RSUs granted after the Conversion is determined based on the market value of the Company's shares on the date of grant for periods afterthe Separation.RSU activity is as follows: Shares Weighted-AverageGrant-Date FairValueNon-vested at September 27, 2013724,269 $40.62Granted229,281 55.40Converted from Questcor Acquisition30,747 70.88Vested(300,237) 34.77Forfeited(94,838) 42.48Non-vested at September 26, 2014589,222 47.88Granted273,733 105.68Vested(219,189) 49.84Forfeited(71,272) 68.15Non-vested at September 25, 2015572,494 73.45The total fair value of Mallinckrodt restricted share unit awards granted during fiscal 2015 was $28.9 million. The total vest date fair value ofMallinckrodt restricted share units vested during fiscal 2015 was $21.6 million. As of September 25, 2015, there was $30.3 million of total unrecognizedcompensation cost related to non-vested restricted share units granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.Performance share units. Similar to recipients of RSUs, recipients of PSUs have no voting rights and receive dividend equivalent units. The grant datefair value of PSUs, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is generally recognized as expense on a straight-line basis from the grant date through the end of theperformance period. The vesting of PSUs and related dividend equivalent units is generally based on various performance metrics and relative totalshareholder return (total shareholder return for the Company as compared to total shareholder return of the PSU peer group), measured over a three-yearperformance period. The PSU peer group is comprised of various healthcare companies which attempts to replicate the Company’s mix of businesses.112Depending on Mallinckrodt's relative performance during the performance period, a recipient of the award is entitled to receive a number of ordinary sharesequal to a percentage, ranging from 0% to 200%, of the award granted.PSU activity is as follows (1): Shares Weighted-AverageGrant-Date FairValueNon-vested at September 27, 2013$— $—Granted79,230 63.40Performance metric adjustment— —Vested— —Forfeited(6,490) 62.65Non-vested at September 26, 201472,740 63.46Granted77,306 125.84Performance metric adjustment— —Vested— —Forfeited(19,072) 92.05Non-vested at September 25, 2015130,974 96.05(1) The number of shares disclosed within this table are at the target number of 100%.The Company generally uses the Monte Carlo model to estimate the probability of satisfying the performance criteria and the resulting fair value of PSUawards. The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo model for PSUs granted during each year were as follows: 2015 2014Expected stock price volatility27% 28%Peer group stock price volatility32% 33%Correlation of returns14% 17%The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of PSUs granted was $125.84 in fiscal 2015. As of September 25, 2015, there was $8.9 million ofunrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years .113Restricted stock awards. Recipients of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") pertain solely to converted awards from the Questcor Acquisition, which wereconverted at identical terms to their original award. The converted RSAs maintain voting rights and a non-forfeitable right to receive dividends. RSAs aresubject to accelerated vesting as prescribed by the terms of the original award based on a change in control, and substantially all of which will vest over athirteen month period of time from the date of the Questcor Acquisition. Restrictions on RSAs lapse upon normal retirement, death or disability of theemployee. The grant-date fair value of RSAs, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the service period. Shares Weighted-AverageGrant-Date FairValueNon-vested at September 27, 2013— $—Granted— —Converted from Questcor Acquisition1,829,164 70.88Vested(390,731) 70.88Forfeited(6,402) 70.88Non-vested at September 26, 20141,432,031 70.88Granted— —Vested(1,362,823) 70.88Forfeited(34,646) 70.88Non-vested at September 25, 201534,562 70.88The total vest date fair value of Mallinckrodt restricted share awards vested during fiscal 2015 was $127.4 million. As of September 25, 2015, there was$2.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted share units granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over aweighted-average period of 2.5 years .Employee Stock Purchase PlansThe Company adopted the Mallinckrodt Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") effective October 1, 2013. Substantially all full-time employees of theCompany's U.S. subsidiaries and employees of certain qualified non-U.S. subsidiaries are eligible to participate in this ESPP. Eligible employees authorizepayroll deductions to be made for the purchase of shares. The Company matches a portion of the employee contribution by contributing an additional 15%(25% in fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2015) of the employee's payroll deduction up to a $25,000 per employee contribution. All shares purchased under the ESPP arepurchased on the open market by a designated broker.16.Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeThe components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows: CurrencyTranslation Unrecognized Losson Derivatives Unrecognized Gain(Loss) on BenefitPlans Accumulated OtherComprehensiveIncomeBalance at September 28, 2012$157.1 $— $(72.2) $84.9Other comprehensive income (loss), net1.5 (7.3) 29.4 23.6Balance at September 27, 2013158.6 (7.3) (42.8) 108.5Other comprehensive income (loss), net(27.6) — (17.1) (44.7)Reclassification from other comprehensive income (loss)— 0.5 1.4 1.9Balance at September 26, 2014131.0 (6.8) (58.5) 65.7Other comprehensive loss before reclassification(70.8) — (1.1) (71.9)Reclassification from other comprehensive income (loss)— 0.4 6.7 7.1Balance at September 25, 2015$60.2 $(6.4) $(52.9) $0.9114The following summarizes reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the 2015 and 2014 fiscal years: Amount ReclassifiedfromAccumulated OtherComprehensiveIncome Amount Reclassifiedfrom Accumulated OtherComprehensiveIncome September 25, 2015 September 26, 2014 Line Item in theCondensed ConsolidatedStatement of IncomeAmortization of unrealized loss on derivatives$0.6 $0.6 Interest expenseIncome tax provision(0.2) (0.1) Provision for income taxesNet of income taxes0.4 0.5 Amortization of pension and post-retirement benefit plans: Net actuarial loss9.4 8.1 (1) Prior service credit(4.6) (9.9) (1) Plan settlements6.0 3.8 (1) Total before tax10.8 2.0 Income tax provision(4.1) (0.6) Provision for income taxesNet of income taxes6.7 1.4 Total reclassifications for the period$7.1 $1.9 (1)These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 13 for additional details.17.Transactions with Former Parent CompanyPrior to the completion of the Separation on June 28, 2013, the Company was part of Covidien and, as such, transactions between Covidien and theCompany were considered related party transactions. As discussed in Note 1, these intercompany transactions are included in the combined financialstatements and were considered to be effectively settled for cash at the time the transaction was recorded. The continuing relationship between Covidien andthe Company is primarily governed through agreements entered into as part of the Separation, including a Separation Distribution Agreement, a Tax MattersAgreement and a transition services agreement. These agreements were filed with the SEC as Exhibits 2.1, 10.1 and 10.3, respectively, to the Company'sCurrent Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2013. The following discusses the related party transactions and those agreements.Sales and PurchasesDuring fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company sold inventory to Covidien in the amount of $35.3 million, $46.0 million and $51.2 million,respectively, which is included in net sales of discontinued operations in the consolidated and combined statements of income. The Company also purchasesinventories from Covidien. The Company recognized cost of sales within discontinued operations from these inventory purchases of $17.0 million, $28.9million and $38.4 million during fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.Allocated ExpensesAs discussed in Note 1, the combined financial statements for periods prior to June 28, 2013 include expense allocations for certain functions providedby Covidien, including, but not limited to, general corporate expenses related to finance, legal, information technology, human resources, communications,employee benefits and incentives, insurance and share-based compensation. These expenses were allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage whenidentifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of operating expenses, headcount or other measures. The amounts allocated were $39.6 million forfiscal 2013 and were included within selling, general and administrative expenses.115Balance Sheet ImpactsSubsequent to the Separation, the Company and Covidien maintain an ongoing relationship in which each party may provide services to the other party,including the distribution of goods. As a result of these relationships, the consolidated balance sheet as of September 25, 2015 includes $6.3 million ofamounts due to the Company from Covidien, within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and $3.9 million of amounts the Company owes Covidien,included within accrued and other liabilities.Separation and Distribution AgreementOn June 28, 2013, the Company entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement and other agreements with Covidien to effect the Separation andprovide a framework for the Company's relationships with Covidien after the Separation. These agreements govern the relationship between Mallinckrodtand Covidien subsequent to the Separation and provide for the assignment to Mallinckrodt of certain of Covidien's assets, liabilities and obligationsattributable to periods prior to the Separation.In general, each party to the Separation and Distribution Agreement assumed liability for all pending, threatened and unasserted legal matters related toits own business or its assumed or retained liabilities and will indemnify the other party for any liability to the extent arising out of, or resulting from, suchassumed or retained legal matters.The Separation and Distribution Agreement provided for the initial cash capitalization of Mallinckrodt in the amount of approximately $168.0 millionat June 28, 2013. The Separation and Distribution Agreement also provided for an adjustment payment to compensate either Mallinckrodt or Covidien, asapplicable, to the extent that the aggregate of the Company's cash, indebtedness and specified working capital accounts as of June 28, 2013 ("theDistribution Date"), as well as the capital expenditures made with respect to the Company's business during fiscal 2013 through the Distribution Date,deviated from the target. The target was calculated pursuant to a formula set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement, which assumed theDistribution Date would be June 28, 2013, that the Pharmaceuticals business was conducted in the ordinary course through that date and that the Companywould have approximately $168.0 million of cash upon completion of the distribution. The Separation and Distribution Agreement also provided that anadjustment payment would only be payable if the amount of the adjustment payment exceeded $20.0 million (in which case the entire amount would bepaid). Upon final calculation, no adjustment payment was required by either the Company or Covidien.Tax Matters AgreementIn connection with the Separation, Mallinckrodt entered into the Tax Matters Agreement with Covidien that generally will govern Covidien's andMallinckrodt's respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the Separation with respect to certain taxes, including ordinary course of business taxesand taxes, if any, incurred as a result of any failure of the distribution of Mallinckrodt shares to qualify as a tax-free distribution for U.S. federal income taxpurposes within the meaning of Section 355 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, or other applicable tax law, or any failure of certain internal transactionsundertaken in anticipation of the distribution to qualify for tax-free or tax-favored treatment under the applicable tax law. The Company expects, with certainexceptions, to be responsible for the payment of all taxes attributable to Mallinckrodt or its subsidiaries for taxable periods beginning on or after September29, 2012. For periods prior to September 29, 2012, the Company is subject to a $200.0 million liability limitation, net of any benefits, as prescribed by theTax Matters Agreement. The Company has made $51.6 million of payments, net of benefits, for periods prior to September 29, 2012. To the extent that theCompany's liability for such taxes, net of any tax benefits, does not exceed $200.0 million, it may be responsible for additional taxes attributable to periodsprior to September 29, 2012, taxes related to the Separation and a percentage of any taxes arising from the Separation failing to qualify for tax-free or tax-favored treatment through no fault of Covidien or the Company. The Tax Matters Agreement also assigns rights and responsibilities for administrativematters, such as the filing of returns, payment of taxes due, retention of records, tax reporting practices and conduct of audits, examinations or similarproceedings. In addition, the Tax Matters Agreement provides for cooperation and information sharing with respect to tax matters.The Tax Matters Agreement also contains restrictions on the Company's ability to take actions without Covidien's consent that could cause theSeparation or certain internal transactions undertaken in anticipation of the Separation to fail to qualify as tax-free or tax-favored transactions underapplicable tax law. These transactions include, but are not limited to, entering into, approving or allowing any transaction that results in a change inownership of more than 35.0% of Mallinckrodt's shares; any merger, consolidation, scheme of arrangement, liquidation or partial liquidation, or any approvalor allowance of such transaction with respect to certain of the Company's subsidiaries; the cessation or transfer of certain business activities; the sale, issuanceor other disposition of any equity interest in certain of the Company's subsidiaries; a sale or other disposition of a substantial portion of the Company's assetsor a substantial portion of the assets of certain of the Company's subsidiaries; extraordinary distributions by or to certain of the Company's subsidiaries; orengaging in certain internal transactions. These restrictions will all apply for the two-year period after the Separation and in some cases will apply for periodsas long as five years following the Separation. Any taxes imposed on the other party attributable to certain post-distribution actions taken by or in respect ofthe responsible party or its shareholders that result in failure of116the Separation or internal transactions to qualify as tax-free or tax-favored transactions are the responsibility of the party at fault, regardless of whether theactions occur more than two years after the distribution, or whether Covidien consents to such actions. Any actions of the Company or its shareholders thatdirectly give rise to additional taxes are not subject to the $200 million threshold noted previously.Transition Services AgreementMallinckrodt and Covidien entered into a transition services agreement in connection with the Separation pursuant to which Mallinckrodt and Covidienwill provide each other, on an interim and transitional basis, various services including, but not limited to, treasury administration, information technologyservices, non-exclusive distribution and importation services for our products in certain countries outside the U.S., regulatory, general administrative servicesand other support services. The agreed-upon charges for such services are generally intended to allow the servicing party to recover all out-of-pocket costsand expenses, and include a predetermined profit margin. Following the Separation, the Company has performed these functions using its own resources orpurchased services, certain of which are being provided by Covidien during a transitional period pursuant to a transition services agreement dated June 28,2013, between Mallinckrodt and Covidien, particularly in relation to areas outside the U.S. The terms and prices on which such services are rendered may notbe as favorable as those that were allocated to the Company by Covidien. The Company terminated the transition services agreement during the first quarterof fiscal 2015.18.GuaranteesIn disposing of assets or businesses, the Company has historically provided representations, warranties and indemnities to cover various risks andliabilities, including unknown damage to the assets, environmental risks involved in the sale of real estate, liability to investigate and remediateenvironmental contamination at waste disposal sites and manufacturing facilities, and unidentified tax liabilities related to periods prior to disposition. TheCompany assesses the probability of potential liabilities related to such representations, warranties and indemnities and adjusts potential liabilities as a resultof changes in facts and circumstances. The Company believes, given the information currently available, that their ultimate resolution will not have amaterial adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.In connection with the sale of the Specialty Chemical business (formerly known as Mallinckrodt Baker) in fiscal 2010, the Company agreed toindemnify the purchaser with respect to various matters, including certain environmental, health, safety, tax and other matters. The indemnificationobligations relating to certain environmental, health and safety matters have a term of 17 years from the sale, while some of the other indemnificationobligations have an indefinite term. The amount of the liability relating to all of these indemnification obligations included in other liabilities on theCompany's consolidated balance sheets at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014 was $15.7 million and $16.6 million, respectively, of which $13.0million and $13.9 million, respectively, related to environmental, health and safety matters. The value of the environmental, health and safety indemnity wasmeasured based on the probability-weighted present value of the costs expected to be incurred to address environmental, health and safety claims made underthe indemnity. The aggregate fair value of these indemnification obligations did not differ significantly from their aggregate carrying value at September 25,2015 and September 26, 2014. As of September 25, 2015, the maximum future payments the Company could be required to make under theseindemnification obligations was $71.0 million. The Company was required to pay $30.0 million into an escrow account as collateral to the purchaser, ofwhich $19.0 million and $19.4 million remained in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014,respectively.The Company has recorded liabilities for known indemnification obligations included as part of environmental liabilities, which are discussed in Note19. In addition, the Company is liable for product performance; however the Company believes, given the information currently available, that their ultimateresolution will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.The Company is required to provide the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission financial assurance demonstrating its ability to fund the decommissioningof its Maryland Heights, Missouri radiopharmaceuticals production facility upon closure, though the Company does not intend to close this facility. TheCompany has provided this financial assurance in the form of surety bonds totaling $57.2 million. As of September 25, 2015, the Company had various otherletters of credit and guarantee and surety bonds totaling $39.4 million.In April 2015, the Company terminated a letter of credit to guarantee decommissioning costs associated with its Saint Louis, Missouri plant and placed$21.1 million of restricted cash on deposit with a trustee. This restricted cash is included within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensedconsolidated balance sheet as of September 25, 2015.In addition, the separation and distribution agreement entered into with Covidien at the Separation provides for cross-indemnities principally designedto place financial responsibility of the obligations and liabilities of the Company's business with the Company117and financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of Covidien's remaining business with Covidien, among other indemnities.19.Commitments and ContingenciesThe Company has purchase obligations related to commitments to purchase certain goods and services. At September 25, 2015, such obligations were asfollows:Fiscal 2016$125.9Fiscal 201751.4Fiscal 201849.8Fiscal 20197.9Fiscal 2020—The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, including patent infringement claims, product liability matters, environmental matters,employment disputes, contractual disputes and other commercial disputes, including those described below. The Company believes that these legalproceedings and claims likely will be resolved over an extended period of time. Although it is not feasible to predict the outcome of these matters, theCompany believes, unless indicated below, given the information currently available, that their ultimate resolution will not have a material adverse effect onits financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.Governmental ProceedingsIn November 2011 and October 2012, the Company received subpoenas from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration requesting production ofdocuments relating to its suspicious order monitoring program. The United States Attorney’s Office (the “USAO”) for the Eastern District of Michigan isinvestigating the possibility of the Company failing to report suspicious orders of controlled substances during the period 2006-2011 in violation of theControlled Substances Act and its related regulations. The USAO for the Northern District of New York and Office of Chief of Counsel for the U.S. DrugEnforcement Administration are investigating the possibility of the Company failing to maintain appropriate records and security measures with respect tomanufacturing of certain controlled substances at its Hobart facility during the period 2012-2013. While it is not possible at this time to determine withcertainty the ultimate outcome of this matter, the Company believes, given the information currently available, that the ultimate resolution, after taking intoaccount amounts already accrued, could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.In September 2012, Questcor received a subpoena from the USAO for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania for information relating to its promotionalpractices. Questcor has also been informed by the USAO for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania that the USAO for the Southern District of New York and theSEC are participating in the investigation to review Questcor's promotional practices and related matters. On March 9, 2015, the Company received a "NoAction" letter from the SEC regarding its review of the Company's promotional practices.In June 2014, Questcor received a subpoena and Civil Investigative Demand ("CID") from the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") seeking documentarymaterials and information regarding the FTC's investigation into whether Questcor's acquisition of certain rights to develop, market, manufacture, distribute,sell and commercialize Synacthen Depot® from Novartis AG and Novartis Pharma AG (collectively, "Novartis") violates antitrust laws. Subsequently, a smallnumber of states commenced similar investigations focused on whether the transaction violates state antitrust laws. The Company is not aware of any existingor pending litigation in connection with these investigations. While it is not possible at this time to determine with certainty the ultimate outcome of thismatter, the Company believes, given the information currently available, that the ultimate resolution, after taking into account amounts already accrued,could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.In March 2014, the USAO for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania requested the production of documents related to an investigation of the potentialpromotion of Therakos’ immunotherapy drug/device system UVADEX/UVAR XTS and UVADEX/CELLEX (collectively, the “Therakos System”), forindications not approved by the FDA, including the treatment of patients with graft versus host disease (“GvHD”) and solid organ transplant patients,including pediatric patients. The investigation also includes Therakos’ efforts to secure FDA approval for additional uses of, and alleged quality issuesrelating to, UVADEX/UVAR. In August 2015, the USAO for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania sent Therakos a subsequent request for documents related tothe investigation and we are in the process of responding to that request.118In November 2014, the Company received a CID from the Civil Medicaid Fraud Division of the Texas Attorney General's Office. According to the CID,the Attorney General's office is investigating the possibility of false reporting of information by the Company regarding the prices of certain of its drugs usedby Texas Medicaid to establish reimbursement rates for pharmacies that dispensed the Company's drugs to Texas Medicaid recipients.We are in the process of responding to each of the subpoenas and the CIDs and we intend to cooperate fully in each such investigation.Mallinckrodt Inc. v. U.S. Food and Drug Administration and United States of America. The Company filed a Complaint for Declaratory and InjunctiveRelief ("the Complaint") in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland Greenbelt Division against the FDA and the United States of America inNovember 2014 for judicial review of what the Company believes is the FDA's inappropriate and unlawful reclassification of the Company'sMethylphenidate HCl Extended-Release tablets USP (CII) ("Methylphenidate ER") in the Orange Book: Approved Drug Products with TherapeuticEquivalence ("Orange Book") on November 13, 2014. In its Complaint, the Company has asked the court to: issue an injunction to (a) set aside the FDA'sreclassification of the Company's Methylphenidate ER products from freely substitutable at the pharmacy level (class AB) to presumed to be therapeuticallyinequivalent (class BX) in the Orange Book and (b) prohibit the FDA from reclassifying the Company's Methylphenidate ER products in the future withoutfollowing applicable legal requirements; and issue a declaratory judgment that the FDA's action reclassifying the Company's Methylphenidate ER productsin the Orange Book is unlawful. The Company concurrently filed a motion with the same court requesting an expedited hearing to issue a temporaryrestraining order ("TRO") directing the FDA to reinstate the Orange Book AB rating for the Company's Methylphenidate ER products on a temporary basis.The court denied the Company's motion for a TRO. In December 2014, the FDA filed a motion to dismiss the Compliant with the district court. The Companyfiled its opposition to the motion to dismiss in January 2015, and concurrently filed a motion for summary judgment. On July 29, 2015, the court granted theFDA’s motion to dismiss with respect to three of the five counts in the Complaint and granted summary judgment in favor of the FDA with respect to the tworemaining counts. The Company has appealed the court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.Patent/Antitrust LitigationTyco Healthcare Group LP, et al. v. Mutual Pharmaceutical Company, Inc. In March 2007, the Company filed a patent infringement suit in the U.S.District Court for the District of New Jersey against Mutual Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., et al. (collectively, "Mutual") after Mutual submitted an AbbreviatedNew Drug Application ("ANDA") to the FDA seeking to sell a generic version of the Company's 7.5mg RESTORIL™ sleep aid product. Mutual also filedantitrust and unfair competition counterclaims. The patents at issue have since expired or been found invalid. The trial court issued an opinion and ordergranting the Company's motion for summary judgment regarding Mutual's antitrust and unfair competition counterclaims. Mutual appealed this decision tothe U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the Federal Circuit issued a split decision, affirming the trial court in part and remanding to the trialcourt certain counterclaims for further proceedings. The Company filed a motion for summary judgment with the U.S. District Court regarding the remandedissues. In May 2015, the trial court issued an opinion granting-in-part and denying-in-part the Company’s motion for summary judgment.'222 and '218 Patent Litigation: Exela Pharma Sciences, LLC. In August 2011, Cadence, a subsidiary of the Company, and Pharmatop, the owner of thetwo U.S. patents licensed exclusively by Cadence, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against Exela Pharma Sciences, LLC, ExelaPharmaSci, Inc. and Exela Holdings, Inc. (collectively, "Exela"), alleging that Exela infringed U.S. Patent Nos. 6,028,222 ("the '222 patent") and 6,992,218("the '218 patent"), by submitting an ANDA to the FDA seeking to sell a generic version of Ofirmev. The filing of the lawsuit triggered a stay of FDA approvalof the Exela ANDA until the earlier of the expiration of a 30-month period, the expiration of the '222 and '218 patents, the entry of a settlement order orconsent decree stating that the '222 and '218 patents are invalid or not infringed, a decision in the case concerning infringement or validity that is favorableto Exela, or such shorter or longer period as the court may order. After a bench trial, the court ruled in favor of Cadence in November 2013 and found thatExela's ANDA infringed the '222 and '218 patents. Exela appealed the decision and oral arguments in the appeal occurred in November 2014. In March 2015,the Federal Circuit affirmed the district court decision.'222 and '218 Patent Litigation: InnoPharma Licensing LLC and InnoPharma, Inc. In September 2014, Cadence and Mallinckrodt IP, subsidiaries of theCompany, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against InnoPharma Licensing LLC and InnoPharma, Inc. (collectively"InnoPharma") following receipt of an August 2014 notice from InnoPharma concerning its submission of a New Drug Application (“NDA”), containing aParagraph IV patent certification with the FDA for a competing version of Ofirmev.'222 and '218 Patent Litigation: Agila Specialties Private Limited, Inc. and Agila Specialties Inc. (a Mylan Inc. Company), (collectively “Agila”). InDecember 2014, Cadence and Mallinckrodt IP, subsidiaries of the Company, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against Agilafollowing receipt of a November 2014 notice from Agila concerning its submission of a NDA containing a Paragraph IV patent certification with the FDA fora competing version of Ofirmev. 119The Company intends to vigorously enforce its intellectual property rights relating to Ofirmev to prevent the marketing of infringing generic orcompeting products prior to the expiration of the Cadence patents. An adverse outcome in either the Exela or InnoPharma matters ultimately could result inthe launch of one or more generic versions of Ofirmev before the expiration of the last of the listed patents on June 6, 2021 (or December 6, 2021 if pediatricexclusivity is granted), which could adversely affect the Company's ability to successfully maximize the value of Ofirmev and have an adverse effect on ourfinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows.'222 and '218 Patents: Ex Parte Reexamination. In September 2012, Exela filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") a Request for ExParte Reexamination of the '222 patent and the USPTO granted that request. The reexamination process requires the USPTO to consider the scope andvalidity of the patent based on substantial new questions of patentability raised by a third-party or the USPTO. Cadence and Pharmatop have filed, with theUSPTO, a patent owner's statement commenting on the reexamination request, and thereafter the parties made various submissions. In March 2015, theUSPTO issued an ex parte reexamination certificate for the '222 patent listing the claims that resulted from the reexamination proceeding.In addition, in January 2014, an unidentified third-party filed, with the USPTO, a Request for Ex Parte Reexamination of the '218 patent. Thereexamination request was granted. In July 2014, the USPTO issued a Non-Final Office Action in the '218 reexamination in which it rejected certain claims. InSeptember 2014, Cadence and Pharmatop filed an Amendment and Response to the Office Action. Cadence and Pharmatop filed a supplemental response inJanuary 2015. In June 2015, the USPTO issued a Final Office Action confirming that effectively all of the original claims were patentable, and Cadence andPharmatop subsequently filed an Amendment and Response to the Final Office Action. On July 15, 2015, the USPTO confirmed in the reexaminationproceeding for the '218 patent that original claims 1-10 and 12-19 as well as amended original dependent claim 11 and six new dependent claims are allpatentable. In August 2015, the USPTO issued an ex parte reexamination certificate for the '218 patent listing the claims that resulted from the reexaminationproceeding. Because the Company and Pharmatop believe that the scope and validity of the patent claims in the '222 reexamination certificate and the '218patent reexamination certificate are appropriate and that the USPTO's prior issuances of the patents were correct, the Company, in conjunction withPharmatop, will vigorously defend these patents.'218 Patent Litigation: Exela Pharma Sciences, LLC. In April 2012, Exela filed suit against David J. Kappos and the USPTO in the U.S. District Court forthe Eastern District of Virginia for declaratory judgment seeking a reversal of the USPTO's decision not to act on a petition by Exela to vacate the USPTO'sApril 2003 order reviving the international application for the '218 patent. The lawsuit followed the USPTO's rejection of Exela's petition to the USPTO filedin November 2011, which sought to vacate the April 2003 order. The USPTO determined that Exela lacked standing to seek such relief. Exela also seeksdeclaratory judgment that the USPTO's rules and regulations that allow for revival of abandoned, international patent applications under the "unintentional"standard are invalid, and seeks similar relief in connection with one or more counterclaims it has filed in the Delaware litigation. Cadence intervened in thislawsuit and in December 2012, the district court dismissed the case with prejudice as barred by the applicable statute of limitations. Exela appealed thedismissal to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and oral arguments were held in February 2014. In March 2015, the Federal Circuit affirmed thedistrict court's dismissal of the Exela complaint.'222 and '218 Patent Litigation Settlements. Four other similar cases involving generic and/or competing versions of Ofirmev have previously settled. Ineach settlement, the defendant was granted the non-exclusive right to market a generic intravenous acetaminophen product in the U.S. under its respectiveANDA after December 6, 2020, or earlier under certain circumstances. In connection with those settlements, one settling party was granted the exclusive rightof first refusal to negotiate an agreement with Cadence to market an authorized generic of Ofirmev in the U.S. in the event that Cadence elects to launch anauthorized generic version of the product. If that settling party elects not to exercise its right of first refusal, Cadence has agreed to grant a similar right of firstrefusal to another settling party. As part of another settlement, Cadence entered into a supply agreement under which an affiliate of one of the settling partieswill develop, manufacture and supply commercial quantities of Ofirmev to the Company if certain regulatory approvals are obtained.Inomax Patents: Inter Partes Review ("IPR") Proceedings. In February 2015 and March 2015, the USPTO issued Notices of Filing Dates Accorded toPetitions for IPR petitions filed by Praxair Distribution, Inc. concerning ten patents covering Inomax. Patent Owner Preliminary responses for all of the IPRpetitions were filed in May 2015 and June 2015. On July 29, 2015 the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board ("PTAB") issued rulings denying the institutionof four of the five IPR petitions challenging the five patents expiring in 2029. The PTAB also issued a ruling on July 29, 2015 that instituted the IPRproceeding in the fifth of this group of patents and the PTAB is statutorily required to complete the IPR process on that patent within one year. On September22, 2015 the USPTO PTAB issued rulings that instituted the IPR proceedings in each of the second set of five patents that expire in 2031 and the PTAB isstatutorily required to complete the IPR process on these five patents within one year.Inomax Patent Litigation: Praxair Distribution, Inc. and Praxair, Inc. (collectively “Praxair”). In February 2015, INO Therapeutics LLC and Ikaria, Inc.,subsidiaries of the Company, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against Praxair following receipt of a January 2015 notice fromPraxair concerning its submission of an ANDA containing a Paragraph IV patent certification with the FDA for a generic version of Inomax.120The Company intends to vigorously enforce its intellectual property rights relating to Inomax to prevent the marketing of infringing generic productsprior to the expiration of the patents covering Inomax. An adverse outcome in either the IPRs or the Praxair litigation ultimately could result in the launch ofa generic version of Inomax before the expiration of the last of the listed patents on January 6, 2031 (July 6, 2031 including pediatric exclusivity), whichcould adversely affect the Company's ability to successfully maximize the value of Inomax and have an adverse effect on its financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows.Commercial and Securities LitigationRetrophin Litigation. In January 2014, Retrophin, Inc. ("Retrophin") filed a lawsuit against Questcor in the U.S. District Court for the Central District ofCalifornia, alleging a variety of federal and state antitrust violations based on Questcor's acquisition from Novartis of certain rights to develop, market,manufacture, distribute, sell and commercialize Synacthen. In June 2015, the parties entered into a binding settlement agreement, under the terms of whichRetrophin agreed to dismiss the litigation with prejudice and Questcor agreed to make a one-time cash payment to Retrophin in the amount of $15.5 million.Glenridge Litigation. In June 2011, Glenridge Pharmaceuticals LLC (“Glenridge”), filed a lawsuit against Questcor in the Superior Court of California,Santa Clara County, alleging that Questcor had underpaid royalties to Glenridge under a royalty agreement related to net sales of Acthar. In August 2012,Questcor filed a separate lawsuit against the three principals of Glenridge, as well as Glenridge, challenging the enforceability of the royalty agreement. InAugust 2013, the two lawsuits were consolidated into one case in the Superior Court of California, Santa Clara County. In October 2014, the parties enteredinto a binding term sheet settling the lawsuit. Under the terms of the settlement, the royalty rate payable by Questcor was reduced, royalties were cappedinstead of being payable for so long as Acthar was sold and Questcor agreed to pay Glenridge a reduced amount in satisfaction of royalties Questcor hadpreviously accrued but not paid during the course of the lawsuit. In February 2015, the settlement agreement was finalized, with terms consistent with theOctober 2014 term sheet.Putative Class Action Securities Litigation. In September 2012, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against Questcor and certain of its officers anddirectors in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, captioned John K. Norton v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, et al., No. SACvl2-1623DMG (FMOx). The complaint purports to be brought on behalf of shareholders who purchased Questcor common stock between April 26, 2011 andSeptember 21, 2012. The complaint generally alleges that Questcor and certain of its officers and directors engaged in various acts to artificially inflate theprice of Questcor stock and enable insiders to profit through stock sales. The complaint asserts that Questcor and certain of its officers and directors violatedsections l0(b) and/or 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("the Exchange Act"), by making allegedly false and/or misleading statementsconcerning the clinical evidence to support the use of Acthar for indications other than infantile spasms, the promotion of the sale and use of Acthar in thetreatment of multiple sclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, reimbursement for Acthar from third-party insurers, and Questcor's outlook and potential marketgrowth for Acthar. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount and equitable relief against the defendants. This lawsuit has been consolidatedwith four subsequently-filed actions asserting similar claims under the caption: In re Questcor Securities Litigation, No. CV 12-01623 DMG (FMOx). InOctober 2013, the District Court granted in part and denied in part Questcor's motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint. In October 2013,Questcor filed an answer to the consolidated amended complaint and fact discovery was concluded in January 2015. In April 2015, the parties executed along-form settlement agreement, under the terms of which Questcor agreed to pay $38.0 million to resolve the plaintiff claims, inclusive of all fees and costs.Questcor and the individual defendants maintain that the plaintiffs' claims are without merit, and have entered into the settlement to eliminate theuncertainties, burden and expense of further protracted litigation. During fiscal 2015, the Company established a $38.0 million reserve for this settlement,which was subsequently paid to a settlement fund. The court issued its final approval of the settlement on September 18, 2015.Federal Shareholder Derivative Litigation. On October 4, 2012, another alleged shareholder filed a derivative lawsuit in the United States District Courtfor the Central District of California captioned Gerald Easton v. Don M Bailey, et al., No. SACV12-01716 DOC (JPRx). The suit asserts claims substantiallyidentical to those asserted in the do Valle derivative action described below against the same defendants. This lawsuit has been consolidated with fivesubsequently-filed actions asserting similar claims under the caption: In re Questcor Shareholder Derivative Litigation, CV 12- 01716 DMG (FMOx).Following the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the consolidated putative securities class action, the court issued an order staying the federal derivativeaction until the earlier of: (a) 60 days after the resolution of any motion for summary judgment filed in the putative class action lawsuit, (b) 60 days after thedeadline to file a motion for summary judgment in the putative class action lawsuit, if none is filed, or (c) the execution of any settlement agreement(including any partial settlement agreement) to resolve the putative class action lawsuit. In July 2015, the parties stipulated to a dismissal of the derivativecase and Questcor agreed to make a one-time cash payment to plaintiffs in the form of a mootness fee.State Shareholder Derivative Litigation. In October 2012, an alleged shareholder filed a derivative lawsuit purportedly on behalf of Questcor againstcertain of its officers and directors in the Superior Court of the State of California, Orange County, captioned Monika do Valle v. Virgil D. Thompson, et al.,No. 30-2012-00602258-CU-SL-CXC. The complaint asserted claims for breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, mismanagement and waste of corporateassets arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the putative securities class action described above, as well as from allegationsrelating to sales of Questcor common121stock by the defendants and repurchases of Questcor common stock. The complaint sought an unspecified sum of damages and equitable relief. On October24, 2012, another alleged shareholder filed a derivative lawsuit purportedly on behalf of Questcor against certain of its officers and directors in the SuperiorCourt of the State of California, Orange County, captioned Jones v. Bailey, et al., Case No. 30-2012-00608001-CU-MC-CXC. The suit asserted claimssubstantially identical to those asserted in the do Valle derivative action. In February 2013, the court issued an order staying the state derivative actions untilthe putative federal securities class action and federal derivative actions are resolved. In May 2014, the court granted plaintiffs' request for dismissal withoutprejudice of the Jones action. In November 2014, the do Valle matter was voluntarily dismissed.Put Options Securities Action. In March 2013, individual traders of put options filed a securities complaint in the United States District Court for theCentral District of California captioned David Taban, et al. v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., No. SACV13-0425. The complaint generally asserts claimsagainst Questcor and certain of its officers and directors for violations of the Exchange Act and for state law fraud and fraudulent concealment based onallegations similar to those asserted in the putative securities class action described above. The complaint seeks compensatory and punitive damages of anunspecified amount. Following the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the consolidated putative securities class action, the court issued an order stayingthis action until the earlier of: (a) sixty (60) days after the resolution of any motion for summary judgment filed in the putative class action lawsuit, (b) sixty(60) days after the deadline to file a motion for summary judgment in the putative class action lawsuit, if none is filed, or (c) the execution of any settlementagreement (including any partial settlement agreement) to resolve the putative class action lawsuit. In May 2015, the parties entered into a bindingsettlement agreement, under the terms of which plaintiffs agreed to dismiss the litigation with prejudice and Questcor agreed to make a one-time cashpayment to plaintiffs.Pricing LitigationState of Utah v. Apotex Corp., et al. The Company, along with several other pharmaceutical companies, is a defendant in this matter which was filed inMay 2008, and is pending in the Third Judicial Circuit of Salt Lake County, Utah. The State of Utah alleges, generally, that the defendants reported falsepricing information in connection with certain drugs that are reimbursable under Utah Medicaid, resulting in overpayment by Utah Medicaid for those drugs,and is seeking monetary damages and attorneys' fees. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to these claims and is vigorously defendingagainst them.Environmental Remediation and Litigation ProceedingsThe Company is involved in various stages of investigation and cleanup related to environmental remediation matters at a number of sites, includingthose described below. The ultimate cost of site cleanup and timing of future cash outlays is difficult to predict, given the uncertainties regarding the extentof the required cleanup, the interpretation of applicable laws and regulations and alternative cleanup methods. The Company concluded that, as ofSeptember 25, 2015, it was probable that it would incur remedial costs in the range of $39.8 million to $113.1 million. The Company also concluded that, asof September 25, 2015, the best estimate within this range was $76.5 million, of which $3.2 million was included in accrued and other current liabilities andthe remainder was included in environmental liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at September 25, 2015. While it is not possible at this time todetermine with certainty the ultimate outcome of these matters, the Company believes, given the information currently available, that the final resolution ofall known claims, after taking into account amounts already accrued, will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operationsand cash flows.Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge Superfund Site, near Marion, Illinois. The Company is a successor in interest to International Minerals andChemicals Corporation ("IMC"). Between 1967 and 1982, IMC leased portions of the Additional and Uncharacterized Sites ("AUS") Operable Unit at theCrab Orchard Superfund Site ("the Site") from the government and manufactured various explosives for use in mining and other operations. In March 2002,the Department of Justice, the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") (together, "the Government Agencies")issued a special notice letter to General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems, Inc. ("General Dynamics"), one of the other potentially responsible parties("PRPs") at the Site, to compel General Dynamics to perform the remedial investigation and feasibility study ("RI/FS") for the AUS Operable Unit. GeneralDynamics negotiated an Administrative Order on Consent ("AOC") with the Government Agencies to conduct an extensive RI/FS at the Site under thedirection of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. General Dynamics asserted in August 2004 that the Company is jointly and severally liable, along withapproximately eight other lessees and operators at the AUS Operable Unit, for alleged contamination of soils and groundwater resulting from historicoperations, and has threatened to file a contribution claim against the Company and other parties for recovery of its costs incurred in connection with theRI/FS activities being conducted at the AUS Operable Unit. The Company and other PRPs who received demand letters from General Dynamics haveexplored settlement alternatives, but have not reached settlement to date. General Dynamics has completed the RI and the PRPs have entered into anagreement to enter into non-binding mediation. While it is not possible at this time to determine with certainty the ultimate outcome of this case, theCompany believes, given the information currently available, that the final resolution of all known claims, after taking into account amounts alreadyaccrued, will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.122Mallinckrodt Veterinary, Inc., Millsboro, Delaware. The Company previously operated a plant in Millsboro, Delaware ("the Millsboro Site") thatmanufactured various animal healthcare products. In 2005, the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control foundtrichloroethylene ("TCE") in the Millsboro public water supply at levels that exceeded the federal drinking water standards. Further investigation to identifythe TCE plume in the ground water indicated that the plume has extended to property owned by a third party near the Millsboro Site. The Company, andanother former owner, assumed responsibility for the Millsboro Site cleanup under the Alternative Superfund Program administered by the EPA. TheCompany and another PRP have entered into two AOCs with the EPA to perform investigations to abate, mitigate or eliminate the release or threat of releaseof hazardous substances at the Millsboro Site and to conduct an Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis to characterize the nature and extent of thecontamination. The Company, along with the other party, continues to conduct the studies and prepare remediation plans in accordance with the AOCs.While it is not possible at this time to determine with certainty the ultimate outcome of this matter, the Company believes, given the information currentlyavailable, that the ultimate resolution of all known claims, after taking into account amounts already accrued, will not have a material adverse effect on itsfinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows.Coldwater Creek, Saint Louis County, Missouri. The Company is named as a defendant in numerous tort complaints filed in and subsequent to February2012 with numerous plaintiffs pending in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri. These cases allege personal injury for alleged exposureto radiological substances, including in Coldwater Creek in Missouri, and in the air. Plaintiffs allegedly lived and/or worked in various locations in SaintLouis County, Missouri near Coldwater Creek. Radiological residues which may have been present in the creek have previously been remediated by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers ("USACE"). The USACE continues to study and remediate the creek and surrounding areas. The Company believes that it hasmeritorious defenses to these complaints and is vigorously defending against them. The Company is unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible lossesfor the following reasons: (i) the proceedings are in early stages; (ii) the Company has not received and reviewed complete information regarding theplaintiffs and their medical conditions; and (iii) there are significant factual and scientific issues to be resolved. While it is not possible at this time todetermine with certainty the ultimate outcome of this case, the Company believes, given the information currently available, that the final resolution of allknown claims, after taking into account amounts already accrued, will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations andcash flows.Lower Passaic River, New Jersey. The Company and approximately 70 other companies originally comprised the Lower Passaic Cooperating PartiesGroup ("the CPG") and are parties to a May 2007 AOC with the EPA to perform a RI/FS of the 17-mile stretch known as the Lower Passaic River Study Area("the River"). The Company's potential liability stems from former operations at Lodi and Belleville, New Jersey. In June 2007, the EPA issued a draftFocused Feasibility Study ("FFS") that considered interim remedial options for the lower 8-miles of the river, in addition to a "no action" option. As aninterim step related to the 2007 AOC, the CPG voluntarily entered into an AOC on June 18, 2012 with the EPA for remediation actions focused solely at mile10.9 of the River. The Company's estimated costs related to the RI/FS and focused remediation at mile 10.9, based on interim allocations, are immaterial andhave been accrued.In April 2014, the EPA issued its revised FFS, with remedial alternatives to address cleanup of the lower 8-mile stretch of the River, which also included a"no action" option. The EPA estimates the cost for the alternatives range from $365.0 million to $3.2 billion. The EPA's preferred approach would involvebank-to-bank dredging of the lower 8-mile stretch of the River and installing an engineered cap at a discounted, estimated cost of $1.7 billion. Based on theissuance of the EPA's revised FFS, the Company recorded a $23.1 million accrual in fiscal 2014 representing the estimate of our allocable share of the jointand several remediation liability resulting from this matter.In April 2015, the CPG presented a draft of the RI/FS of the River to the EPA. The CPG's RI/FS included alternatives that ranged from "no action,"targeted remediation of the entire 17-mile stretch of the River to remedial actions consistent with the EPA's preferred approach for the lower 8-mile stretch ofthe River and also included remediation alternatives for the upper 9-mile stretch of the River. The discounted cost estimates for the CPG remediationalternatives ranged from $483.4 million to $2.7 billion. The Company recorded an additional charge of $13.3 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2015based on the Company's estimate of its allocable share of the joint and several remediation liability resulting from this matter.Despite the issuance of the revised FFS by the EPA and the RI/FS by the CPG, there are many uncertainties associated with the final agreed-uponremediation and the Company's allocable share of the remediation. As of November 20, 2015, the Company withdrew from the CPG, but remains liable for itsobligations under the two above-referenced AOCs, as well as potential future liabilities. Given those uncertainties, the amounts accrued may not beindicative of the amounts for which the Company may be ultimately responsible and will be refined as events in the remediation process occur.Products Liability LitigationBeginning with lawsuits brought in July 1976, the Company is also named as a defendant in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure toasbestos-containing materials. A majority of the cases involve product liability claims based principally on allegations of past distribution of productscontaining asbestos. A limited number of the cases allege premises liability based on claims that individuals were exposed to asbestos while on theCompany's property. Each case typically names dozens of corporate defendants in addition to the Company. The complaints generally seek monetarydamages for personal injury or bodily injury resulting from123alleged exposure to products containing asbestos. The Company's involvement in asbestos cases has been limited because it did not mine or produceasbestos. Furthermore, in the Company's experience, a large percentage of these claims have never been substantiated and have been dismissed by the courts.The Company has not suffered an adverse verdict in a trial court proceeding related to asbestos claims and intends to continue to defend these lawsuits. Whenappropriate, the Company settles claims; however, amounts paid to settle and defend all asbestos claims have been immaterial. As of September 25, 2015,there were approximately 12,750 asbestos-related cases pending against the Company.The Company estimates pending asbestos claims, claims that were incurred but not reported and related insurance recoveries, which are recorded on agross basis in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's estimate of its liability for pending and future claims is based on claims experience over thepast five years and covers claims either currently filed or expected to be filed over the next seven years. The Company believes that it has adequate amountsrecorded related to these matters. While it is not possible at this time to determine with certainty the ultimate outcome of these asbestos-related proceedings,the Company believes, given the information currently available, that the ultimate resolution of all known and anticipated future claims, after taking intoaccount amounts already accrued, along with recoveries from insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operationsand cash flows.Asset Retirement ObligationsThe Company has recorded asset retirement obligations for the estimated future costs primarily associated with legal obligations to decommissionfacilities within the Nuclear Imaging segment, including the facilities located in Petten, the Netherlands and Maryland Heights, Missouri. Substantially all ofthese obligations are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table provides a summary of the changes in theCompany's asset retirement obligations for fiscal 2015 and 2014: 2015 2014Balance at beginning of period$39.2 $48.9Additions and adjustments(1.0) (11.5)Accretion expense1.8 3.1Payments— —Currency translation(3.1) (1.3)Balance at end of period$36.9 $39.2The Company believes that any potential payment of such estimated amounts will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows.Industrial Revenue BondsThrough September 25, 2015, the Company exchanged title to $88.0 million of its plant assets in return for an equal amount of Industrial RevenueBonds ("IRB") issued by Saint Louis County. The Company also simultaneously leased such assets back from Saint Louis County under capital leasesexpiring through December 2025, the terms of which provide it with the right of offset against the IRBs. The lease also provides an option for the Companyto repurchase the assets at the end of the lease for nominal consideration. These transactions collectively result in a ten-year property tax abatement from thedate the property is placed in service. Due to the right of offset, the capital lease obligation and IRB asset are recorded net in the consolidated balance sheets.The Company expects that the right of offset will be applied to payments required under these arrangements.Interest Bearing Deferred Tax ObligationAs part of the integration of Questcor, the Company entered into an internal installment sale transaction related to certain Acthar intangible assets duringthe fiscal year ended September 25, 2015. The installment sale transaction resulted in a taxable gain. In accordance with Internal Revenue Code Section 453the gain is considered taxable in the period in which installment payments are received. As of September 25, 2015, the Company had an aggregate $1,447.4million of interest bearing U.S. deferred tax liabilities associated with outstanding installment notes. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") chargesinterest based on the deferred tax liability outstanding as of the end of a company's fiscal year, regardless of amounts outstanding during the fiscal year.During the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 the Company accrued Section 453 interest of $36.5 million which is included within interest expense.124LeasesThe Company has facility, vehicle and equipment leases that expire at various dates. Rental expense under facility, vehicle and equipment operatingleases related to continuing operations was $24.3 million, $15.2 million and $13.7 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company alsohas facility and equipment commitments under capital leases.The following is a schedule of minimum lease payments for non-cancelable leases as of September 25, 2015: Operating Leases CapitalLeasesFiscal 2016$21.1 $1.3Fiscal 201717.7 0.9Fiscal 201815.0 0.1Fiscal 201911.3 —Fiscal 20209.3 —Thereafter20.6 —Total minimum lease payments$95.0 2.3Less: interest portion of payments —Present value of minimum lease payments $2.3Tax MattersThe income tax returns of the Company and its subsidiaries are periodically examined by various tax authorities. The resolution of these matters issubject to the conditions set forth in the Tax Matters Agreement between the Company and Covidien. Covidien has the right to administer, control and settleall U.S. income tax audits for periods prior to the Separation. While it is not possible at this time to determine with certainty the ultimate outcome of thesematters, the Company believes, given the information currently available, that established liabilities are reasonable and that the ultimate resolution of thesematters will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.With respect to certain tax returns filed by predecessor affiliates of the Company and Covidien, the IRS has concluded its field examination for the years1997 through 2009. The Company considers such uncertain tax positions associated with these years as having been effectively settled. All but one of thematters associated with these audits have been resolved. The unresolved proposed adjustment asserts that substantially all of the predecessor affiliates'intercompany debt originating during the years 1997 through 2000 should not be treated as debt for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and has disallowedinterest deductions related to the intercompany debt and certain tax attribute adjustments recognized on the U.S. income tax returns. This matter is subject tothe Company's $200.0 million liability limitation for periods prior to September 29, 2012, as prescribed in the Tax Matters Agreement. While it is notpossible at this time to determine with certainty the ultimate outcome of this matter, the Company believes, given the information currently available, that itwill not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.Prior to the Separation, the Company provided and accrued for an indemnification, to the purchaser of a certain legal entity, to indemnify it for taxobligations should the tax basis of certain assets not be recognized. The Company believes that, under the terms of the agreement between the parties, thisindemnification obligation has expired. As such, the Company eliminated this liability and recorded a $22.5 million benefit, during fiscal 2015, indiscontinued operations.Acquisition-Related LitigationSeveral purported class action lawsuits were filed in February 2014 and March 2014 by purported holders of Cadence common stock in connection withthe Cadence Acquisition, including in the Delaware Court of Chancery (consolidated under the caption In re Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc. StockholdersLitigation), and in California State Court, San Diego County (Denny v. Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Militello v. Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc., etal., and Schuon v. Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al.). The actions bring claims against, and generally allege that, the board of directors of Cadencebreached their fiduciary duties in connection with the Cadence Acquisition by, among other things, failing to maximize shareholder value, and the Delawareand Schuon actions further allege that Cadence omitted to disclose allegedly material information in its Schedule 14D-9. The lawsuits also allege, amongother things, that the Company aided and abetted the purported breaches of fiduciary duty. The lawsuits seek various forms of relief, including but notlimited to, rescission of the transaction, damages and attorneys' fees and costs. On March 7, 2014, following expedited discovery, the parties in theconsolidated Delaware action entered into a Memorandum of Understanding ("the MOU"), which sets forth the parties' agreement in principle for a settlementof those actions. The settlement was memorialized in a formal Stipulation and Settlement and Release in March 2015, and includes among other things, arelease of all claims relating to the Cadence Acquisition as set forth in the Stipulation. On June 8, 2015, the Delaware Court approved the settlement. Therewere no substantive proceedings in any of the California actions. On July 29, 2014, the Militello case was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice. On125September 8, 2014, the Denny case was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice. On June 23, 2015, the Schuon case was voluntarily dismissed withoutprejudice.Since the announcement of the merger with Questcor on April 7, 2014, several putative class actions have been filed by purported holders of Questcorcommon stock in connection with the Questcor Acquisition (Hansen v. Thompson, et al., Heng v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Buck v. QuestcorPharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Ellerbeck v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Yokem v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Richter v. QuestcorPharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Tramantano v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Crippen v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Patel v. QuestcorPharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., and Postow v. Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al.). The actions were consolidated on June 3, 2014. The consolidatedcomplaint names as defendants, and generally alleges that, the directors of Questcor breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the acquisition by,among other things, agreeing to sell Questcor for inadequate consideration and pursuant to an inadequate process. The consolidated complaint also allegesthat the Questcor directors breached their fiduciary duties by failing to disclose purportedly material information to shareholders in connection with themerger. The consolidated complaint also alleges, among other things, that the Company aided and abetted the purported breaches of fiduciary duty. Thelawsuits seek various forms of relief, including but not limited to, rescission of the transaction, damages and attorneys' fees and costs.On July 29, 2014, the defendants reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs in the consolidated actions, and that agreement is reflected in aMOU. In connection with the settlement contemplated by the MOU, Questcor agreed to make certain additional disclosures related to the proposedtransaction with the Company, which are contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 30, 2014. Additionally, as partof the settlement and pursuant to the MOU, the Company agreed to forbear from exercising certain rights under the merger agreement with Questcor, asfollows: the four business day period referenced in Section 5.3(e) of the merger agreement with Questcor was reduced to three business days. Consistent withthe terms of the MOU, the parties entered into a formal stipulation of settlement in February 2015 and re-executed the stipulation of settlement on May 7,2015 (collectively the "Stipulation of Settlement").The Stipulation of Settlement was subject to customary conditions, including court approval. On May 8, 2015, the California Court denied plaintiffs'Motion for Preliminary Approval of Settlement. On October 23, 2015, the parties submitted a proposed Stipulation and Order re Dismissal With Prejudicedismissing the action with prejudice as to each of the named plaintiffs and without prejudice as to the remainder of the class, and on October 30, 2015 theCalifornia Court entered that Order.Other MattersThe Company is a defendant in a number of other pending legal proceedings relating to present and former operations, acquisitions and dispositions.The Company does not expect the outcome of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on its financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows.20.Financial Instruments and Fair Value MeasurementsFair value is defined as the exit price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability, using assumptions that marketparticipants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The fair value guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy, which maximizes the use ofobservable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs used in measuring fair value. The levels within the hierarchy are as follows:Level 1— observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;Level 2— significant other observable inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly; andLevel 3— significant unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.126The following tables provide a summary of the significant assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the end of eachperiod: September 25, 2015 Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) Significant OtherObservable Inputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Assets: Debt and equity securities held in rabbi trusts$34.6 $24.2 $10.4 $— $34.6 $24.2 $10.4 $—Liabilities: Deferred compensation liabilities$20.0 $— $20.0 $—Contingent consideration and acquired contingent liabilities174.6 — — 174.6Foreign exchange forward and option contracts3.3 3.3 — — $197.9 $3.3 $20.0 $174.6 September 26, 2014Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1)Significant OtherObservable Inputs(Level 2)SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Assets: Debt and equity securities held in rabbi trusts$35.7 $22.9 $12.8 $— $35.7 $22.9 $12.8 $—Liabilities: Deferred compensation liabilities$15.0 $— $15.0 $—Contingent consideration and acquired contingent liabilities202.8 — — 202.8Foreign exchange forward and option contracts0.2 0.2 — —$218.0 $0.2 $15.0 $202.8Debt and equity securities held in rabbi trust. Debt securities held in the rabbi trust primarily consist of U.S. government and agency securities andcorporate bonds. When quoted prices are available in an active market, the investments are classified as level 1. When quoted market prices for a security arenot available in an active market, they are classified as level 2. Equity securities held in the rabbi trust primarily consist of U.S. common stocks, which arevalued using quoted market prices reported on nationally recognized securities exchanges.Foreign exchange forward and option contracts. Foreign currency option and forward contracts are used to economically manage the foreign exchangeexposures of operations outside the U.S. Quoted prices are available in an active market; as such, these derivatives are classified as level 1.Deferred compensation liabilities. The Company maintains a non-qualified deferred compensation plan in the U.S., which permits eligible employees ofthe Company to defer a portion of their compensation. A recordkeeping account is set up for each participant and the participant chooses from a variety offunds for the deemed investment of their accounts. The recordkeeping accounts generally correspond to the funds offered in the Company's U.S. tax-qualifieddefined contribution retirement plan and the account balance fluctuates with the investment returns on those funds.Goodwill. The Company performs an annual goodwill impairment assessment using an income approach based on the present value of future cash flows.See further discussion in Notes 2 and 11.Contingent consideration and acquired contingent liabilities. In October 2012, the Company recorded contingent consideration of $6.9 million uponthe acquisition of CNS Therapeutics. This contingent consideration, which could potentially total a maximum of $9.0 million, is primarily based on whetherthe FDA approves another concentration of Gablofen on or before December 31, 2016. The fair value of the contingent payments was measured based on theprobability-weighted present value of the consideration expected to be transferred using a discount rate of 1.0%. At September 25, 2015, the fair value of thiscontingent consideration was $7.2 million.127In August 2014, the Company recorded acquired contingent liabilities of $195.4 million from the Questcor Acquisition. The contingent liabilities relateto Questcor's contingent obligations associated with their acquisition of an exclusive, perpetual and irrevocable license to develop, market, manufacture,distribute, sell and commercialize Synacthen and Synacthen Depot (collectively "Synacthen") from Novartis AG and Novartis Pharma AG (collectively"Novartis") and their acquisition of BioVectra. The fair value of these contingent consideration obligations at September 25, 2015 were $167.4 million.Under the terms of the license agreement with Novartis, the Company is obligated to make a $25.0 million payment in fiscal 2016, make annualpayments of $25.0 million subsequent to fiscal 2016 until such time that the Company obtains FDA approval of Synacthen and make a $25.0 millionpayment upon obtaining FDA approval of Synacthen. If FDA approval is obtained, the Company will pay an annual royalty to Novartis based on apercentage of net sales of the products in the U.S. market. The Company made its fiscal 2015 required payment of $25.0 million. As of September 25, 2015,the total remaining payments under the license agreement shall not exceed $190.0 million. The terms of the license agreement do allow the Company toterminate the license agreement at our discretion following the fiscal 2018 payment or upon the occurrence of certain events following the fiscal 2016payment. The Company measured the fair value of the contingent payments based on a probability-weighted present value of the consideration expected tobe transferred using a discount rate of 4.7%. Under the terms of the license agreement, the Company was required to maintain deposits equal to the fiscal2016 annual $25.0 million payment which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.Based on the terms of the acquisition agreement with the former shareholders of BioVectra, the Company may be obligated to pay additional cashconsideration of $50.0 million CAD based on BioVectra's financial results from January 2013 through a portion of fiscal 2016. During fiscal 2015 and 2014,the Company made $5.0 million CAD payments to the former shareholders and may be obligated for an additional $40.0 million CAD to be paid in fiscal2016. The Company measured the fair value of the contingent payments based on a probability-weighted present value of the consideration expected to betransferred using a discount rate of 1.3%.Balance at September 26, 2014$202.8Payments(29.0)Accretion expense7.5Effect of currency rate change(6.7)Balance at September 25, 2015$174.6Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair ValueThe carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and the majority of other current assets and liabilitiesapproximate fair value because of their short-term nature. The Company classifies cash on hand and deposits in banks, including commercial paper, moneymarket accounts and other investments it may hold from time to time, with an original maturity to the Company of three months or less, as cash and cashequivalents (level 1). The fair value of restricted cash is equivalent to its carrying value of $66.3 million and $69.8 million as of September 25, 2015 andSeptember 26, 2014, respectively (level 1), substantially all of which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's lifeinsurance contracts are carried at cash surrender value, which is based on the present value of future cash flows under the terms of the contracts (level 3).Significant assumptions used in determining the cash surrender value include the amount and timing of future cash flows, interest rates and mortality charges.The fair value of these contracts approximates the carrying value of $67.7 million and $67.3 million at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014,respectively. These contracts are included in other assets on the consolidated and combined balances sheets.The carrying values of the Company's revolving credit facility and variable rate receivable securitization approximate the fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying values of the 2.85% and 4.00% term loans approximate the fair values of these instruments, as calculated usingthe discounted exit price for each instrument, and are therefore classified as level 3. Since the quoted market prices for the Company's term loans and 8.00%and 9.50% debentures are not available in an active market, they are classified as level 2 for purposes of developing an estimate of fair value. The Company's3.50%, 4.75%, 4.875%, 5.50%, 5.625% and 5.75% notes are classified as level 1, as quoted prices are available in an active market for these notes. Thefollowing table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company's long-term debt, excluding capital leases, as of the end of each period:128September 25, 2015September 26, 2014CarryingValueFairValueCarryingValueFairValueVariable rate receivable securitization$153.0 $153.0 $150.0 $150.02.85% term loan due April 2016— — 3.1 3.13.50% notes due April 2018300.0 294.3 300.0 290.24.875% notes due April 2020700.0 684.1 — —Term loans due March 20211,978.5 1,966.5 1,996.7 1,970.44.00% term loan due February 20227.9 7.9 10.8 10.89.50% debentures due May 202210.4 13.0 10.4 14.25.75% notes due August 2022900.0 876.1 900.0 907.38.00% debentures due March 20234.4 5.3 8.0 10.24.75% notes due April 2023600.0 539.6 600.0 563.85.625% notes due October 2023750.0 705.2 — —5.50% notes due April 2025700.0 646.0 — —Revolving credit facility500.0 500.0 — —Concentration of Credit and Other RisksFinancial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of accounts receivable. The Company doesnot require collateral from customers. A portion of the Company's accounts receivable outside the U.S. includes sales to government-owned or supportedhealthcare systems in several countries, which are subject to payment delays. Payment is dependent upon the financial stability and creditworthiness of thosecountries' national economies.The following table shows net sales attributable to distributors that accounted for 10% or more of the Company's total net sales:Fiscal Year2015 2014 2013CuraScript, Inc.31% 6% —%McKesson Corporation18% 21% 19%Cardinal Health, Inc.14% 22% 24%AmerisourceBergen Corporation9% 14% 11%The following table shows accounts receivable attributable to distributors that accounted for 10% or more of the Company's gross accounts receivable atthe end of each period:September 25, 2015September 26, 2014McKesson Corporation24% 27%CuraScript, Inc.16% 15%Cardinal Health, Inc.13% 18%AmerisourceBergen Corporation12% 14% The following table shows net sales attributable to products that accounted for 10% or more of the Company's total net sales:Fiscal Year2015 2014 2013Acthar31% 6% —%Acetaminophen products (API)6% 9% 13%Methylphenidate ER4% 10% 9%129Molybdenum-99 ("Mo-99") is a key raw material in the Company's Ultra-Technekow DTE technetium generators that are sold by its Nuclear Imagingsegment. There are only eight suppliers of this raw material worldwide. The Company has agreements to obtain Mo-99 from three nuclear research reactorsand relies predominantly upon two of these reactors for its Mo-99 supply. Accordingly, a disruption in the commercial supply or a significant increase in thecost of this material from these sources could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.21.Segment and Geographical DataDuring the first quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company changed its reportable segments to present the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businessesas reportable segments. The Company historically presented the Specialty Brands and Specialty Generics businesses within the Specialty Pharmaceuticalssegment.During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its CMDS business to Guerbet,which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. The CMDS business is deemed to be held for sale and the financial results of thisbusiness are presented as a discontinued operation. The CMDS business has been eliminated from the Global Medical Imaging segment, which has beenrenamed Nuclear Imaging.Prior year amounts have been recast to conform to current presentation.The three reportable segments are further described below:•Specialty Brands produces and markets branded pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals;•Specialty Generics produces specialty generic pharmaceuticals and API consisting of biologics, medicinal opioids, synthetic controlledsubstances, acetaminophen and other active ingredients; and•Nuclear Imaging manufactures and markets radiopharmaceuticals (nuclear medicine).Management measures and evaluates the Company's operating segments based on segment net sales and operating income. Management excludescorporate expenses from segment operating income. In addition, certain amounts that management considers to be non-recurring or non-operational areexcluded from segment operating income because management evaluates the operating results of the segments excluding such items. These items includerevenues and expenses associated with sales of products to Covidien, intangible asset amortization, net restructuring and related charges, non-restructuringimpairments and separation costs. Although these amounts are excluded from segment operating income, as applicable, they are included in reportedconsolidated and combined operating income and in the following reconciliations.Management manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment. The chief operating decision maker does not regularly review anyasset information by operating segment and, accordingly, the Company does not report asset information by operating segment. Total assets wereapproximately $16.4 billion and $12.8 billion at September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014, respectively.130Selected information by business segment is as follows:Fiscal Year2015 2014 2013Net sales: Specialty Brands1,622.8 413.5 206.4Specialty Generics1,251.6 1,199.4 1,011.2Nuclear Imaging423.8 431.7 437.6Net sales of operating segments (1)3,298.2 2,044.6 1,655.2Other (2)48.7 37.4 57.1Net sales3,346.9 2,082.0 1,712.3Operating income: Specialty Brands651.3 (50.6) (36.2)Specialty Generics622.0 617.4 347.9Nuclear Imaging66.4 (16.7) 24.5Segment operating income1,339.7 550.1 336.2Unallocated amounts: Corporate and allocated expenses (3) (286.9) (228.1) (134.3)Intangible asset amortization(550.3) (154.8) (27.9)Restructuring and related charges, net (4)(40.7) (81.9) (26.3)Non-restructuring impairments— (151.6) —Separation costs— (9.6) (74.2)Operating income (loss)461.8 (75.9) 73.5 Depreciation and amortization (5): Specialty Brands559.8 152.9 24.9Specialty Generics81.9 77.8 72.7Nuclear Imaging12.4 18.8 18.5Depreciation and amortization654.1 249.5 116.1(1)Amounts represent sales to external customers. There were no intersegment sales.(2)Represents historical CMDS-related intercompany transactions that represent Mallinckrodt continuing operations under an ongoing supply agreement with the acquirer of theCMDS business.(3)Includes administration expenses and certain compensation, environmental and other costs not charged to the Company's operating segments.(4)Includes restructuring-related accelerated depreciation.(5)Depreciation for certain shared facilities is allocated based on occupancy percentage.131Net sales by product family within the Company's segments are as follows: Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Acthar$1,037.3 $122.9 $—Ofirmev263.0 124.4 —Inomax185.2 — —Exalgo39.4 76.1 126.1Other97.9 90.1 80.3Specialty Brands1,622.8 413.5 206.4 Hydrocodone (API) and hydrocodone-containing tablets167.2 99.4 140.0Oxycodone (API) and oxycodone-containing tablets154.6 155.2 139.0Methylphenidate ER136.5 209.6 148.3Other controlled substances572.2 584.5 443.3Other221.1 150.7 140.6Specialty Generics1,251.6 1,199.4 1,011.2 Nuclear Imaging423.8 431.7 437.6 Other (1)48.7 37.4 57.1Net sales$3,346.9 $2,082.0 $1,712.3(1)Represents historical CMDS-related intercompany transactions that represent Mallinckrodt continuing operations under an ongoing supply agreement with the acquirer of theCMDS business.Selected information by geographic area excluding assets held for sale is as follows: Fiscal Year 2015 2014 2013Net sales (1): U.S.$2,973.2 $1,780.9 $1,421.6Europe, Middle East and Africa236.2 250.3 250.1Other137.5 50.8 40.6 $3,346.9 $2,082.0 $1,712.3Long-lived assets (2): U.S.$905.2 $829.1 Europe, Middle East and Africa (3)45.0 33.9 Other44.5 41.0 $994.7 $904.0 (1)Net sales are attributed to regions based on the location of the entity that records the transaction, none of which relate to the country of Ireland.(2)Long-lived assets are primarily composed of property, plant and equipment.(3)Includes long-lived assets located in Ireland of $10.7 million, and $0.4 million at the end of fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively.13222.Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) Fiscal 2015 (by quarter) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Net sales$768.2 $819.0 $877.3 $882.4Gross profit404.8 462.9 503.8 482.1Income from continuing operations87.4 75.2 55.6 90.0Income (loss) from discontinued operations5.3 23.6 2.4 (14.8)Net income92.7 98.8 58.0 75.2 Basic earnings per share from continuing operations (1)$0.75 $0.64 $0.47 $0.77Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations (1)0.74 0.64 0.47 0.76 Fiscal 2014 (by quarter) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Net sales$429.5 $448.7 $530.1 $673.7Gross profit216.2 226.7 254.1 363.2Income (loss) from continuing operations38.5 20.2 (29.0) (173.5)Income (loss) from discontinued operations7.1 (8.6) 4.9 (178.9)Net income (loss)45.6 11.6 (24.1) (352.4) Basic earnings per share from continuing operations (1)$0.67 $0.35 $(0.50) $(2.04)Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations (1)0.66 0.34 (0.50) (2.04)(1)Quarterly and annual computations are prepared independently. Therefore, the sum of each quarter may not necessarily total the fiscal period amounts noted elsewherewithin this Annual Report on Form 10-K.23.Condensed Consolidating and Combining Financial StatementsIn November 2012, MIFSA was formed as a 100%-owned subsidiary of Covidien in connection with the Separation. MIFSA is a holding companyestablished to own, directly or indirectly, substantially all of the operating subsidiaries of the Company, to issue debt securities and to perform treasuryoperations.MIFSA is the borrower under the Notes, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Mallinckrodt plc. The following information provides thecomposition of the Company's comprehensive income, assets, liabilities, equity and cash flows by relevant group within the Company: Mallinckrodt plc asguarantor of the Notes, MIFSA as issuer of the Notes and the operating companies that represent assets of MIFSA. There are no subsidiary guarantees relatedto the Notes.Set forth below are the condensed consolidating balance sheet as of September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014 and condensed consolidatingstatements of comprehensive income and cash flows for the three years ended September 25, 2015. Eliminations represent adjustments to eliminateinvestments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions between or among Mallinckrodt plc, MIFSA and the other subsidiaries. Condensedconsolidating and combining financial information for Mallinckrodt plc and MIFSA, on a standalone basis, has been presented using the equity method ofaccounting for subsidiaries.133MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETAs of September 25, 2015(in millions) Mallinckrodt plc MallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. OtherSubsidiaries Eliminations ConsolidatedAssets Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents$0.1 $152.1 $213.7 $— $365.9Accounts receivable, net— — 548.5 — 548.5Inventories— — 281.8 — 281.8Deferred income taxes— — 142.7 — 142.7Prepaid expenses and other current assets1.3 0.2 205.8 — 207.3Current assets held for sale— — 299.9 — 299.9Intercompany receivable39.1 128.6 9,699.5 (9,867.2) —Total current assets40.5 280.9 11,391.9 (9,867.2) 1,846.1Property, plant and equipment, net— — 991.3 — 991.3Goodwill— — 3,649.4 — 3,649.4Intangible assets, net— — 9,666.3 — 9,666.3Long-term assets held for sale— — — — —Investment in subsidiaries14,797.7 18,838.6 10,050.0 (43,686.3) —Intercompany loan receivable174.4 — 2,498.2 (2,672.6) —Other assets— 0.1 250.9 — 251.0Total Assets$15,012.6 $19,119.6 $38,498.0 $(56,226.1) $16,404.1 —Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt$— $20.0 $2.3 $— $22.3Accounts payable— 0.2 132.8 — 133.0Accrued payroll and payroll-related costs0.1 — 103.6 — 103.7Accrued royalties— — 29.3 — 29.3Accrued and other current liabilities1.8 77.4 489.1 — 568.3Current liabilities held for sale— — 72.8 — 72.8Intercompany payable9,699.5 — 167.7 (9,867.2) —Total current liabilities9,701.4 97.6 997.6 (9,867.2) 929.4Long-term debt— 6,299.4 174.9 — 6,474.3Pension and postretirement benefits— — 116.7 — 116.7Environmental liabilities— — 73.3 — 73.3Deferred income taxes— — 3,132.4 — 3,132.4Other income tax liabilities— — 121.3 — 121.3Long-term liabilities held for sale— — — — —Intercompany loans payable— 2,672.6 — (2,672.6) —Other liabilities— — 245.5 — 245.5Total liabilities9,701.4 9,069.6 4,861.7 (12,539.8) 11,092.9Shareholders' equity5,311.2 10,050.0 33,636.3 (43,686.3) 5,311.2Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity$15,012.6 $19,119.6 $38,498.0 $(56,226.1) $16,404.1134MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETAs of September 26, 2014(in millions) Mallinckrodt plc MallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Eliminations ConsolidatedAssets Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents$0.3 $18.5 $689.0 $— $707.8Accounts receivable, net— — 476.6 — 476.6Inventories— — 306.4 — 306.4Deferred income taxes— — 152.3 — 152.3Prepaid expenses and other current assets0.5 10.8 215.8 — 227.1Current assets held for sale— — 200.8 — 200.8Intercompany receivable13.5 — 25.7 (39.2) —Total current assets14.3 29.3 2,066.6 (39.2) 2,071.0Property, plant and equipment, net— — 886.8 — 886.8Goodwill— — 2,401.9 — 2,401.9Intangible assets, net— — 7,082.2 — 7,082.2Long-term assets held for sale— — 111.2 — 111.2Investment in subsidiaries586.8 10,645.7 4,945.1 (16,177.6) —Intercompany loan receivable4,385.0 — 1,941.6 (6,326.6) —Other assets— — 234.2 — 234.2Total Assets$4,986.1 $10,675.0 $19,669.6 $(22,543.4) $12,787.3 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt$— $18.2 $3.0 $— $21.2Accounts payable1.2 0.2 109.3 — 110.7Accrued payroll and payroll-related costs0.1 — 116.2 — 116.3Accrued royalties— — 67.7 — 67.7Accrued and other current liabilities1.1 50.9 477.9 — 529.9Current liabilities held for sale— — 59.0 — 59.0Intercompany payable25.7 — 13.5 (39.2) —Total current liabilities28.1 69.3 846.6 (39.2) 904.8Long-term debt— 3,693.9 180.1 — 3,874.0Pension and postretirement benefits— — 116.2 — 116.2Environmental liabilities— — 59.2 — 59.2Deferred income taxes— — 2,399.6 — 2,399.6Other income tax liabilities— — 122.6 — 122.6Long-term liabilities held for sale— — 9.7 — 9.7Intercompany loans payable— 1,966.6 4,360.0 (6,326.6) —Other liabilities— — 343.2 — 343.2Total liabilities28.1 5,729.8 8,437.2 (6,365.8) 7,829.3Shareholders' equity4,958.0 4,945.2 11,232.4 (16,177.6) 4,958.0Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity$4,986.1 $10,675.0 $19,669.6 $(22,543.4) $12,787.3135MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFiscal year ended September 25, 2015(in millions) Mallinckrodt plc MallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Eliminations ConsolidatedNet sales$— $— $3,346.9 $— $3,346.9Cost of sales— — 1,493.3 — 1,493.3Gross profit— — 1,853.6 — 1,853.6Selling, general and administrative expenses116.3 15.7 1,037.8 — 1,169.8Research and development expenses— — 185.1 — 185.1Restructuring charges, net9.8 — 30.6 — 40.4Gains on divestiture and license— — (3.5) — (3.5)Operating income (loss)(126.1) (15.7) 603.6 — 461.8 —Interest expense(96.4) (230.2) (25.2) 96.2 (255.6)Interest income— 0.1 97.1 (96.2) 1.0Other income (expense), net216.3 — (208.2) — 8.1Intercompany interest and fees(14.7) — 14.7 — —Equity in net income of subsidiaries330.6 496.3 250.5 (1,077.4) —Income from continuing operations before income taxes309.7 250.5 732.5 (1,077.4) 215.3Benefit from income taxes(15.9) — (77.0) — (92.9)Income from continuing operations325.6 250.5 809.5 (1,077.4) 308.2Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes(0.9) — 17.4 — 16.5Net income324.7 250.5 826.9 (1,077.4) 324.7Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(64.8) (64.8) (69.9) 134.7 (64.8)Comprehensive income$259.9 $185.7 $757.0 $(942.7) $259.9136MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFiscal year ended September 26, 2014(in millions) Mallinckrodt plc MallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Eliminations CombinedNet sales$— $— $2,082.0 $— $2,082.0Cost of sales— — 1,021.8 — 1,021.8Gross profit— — 1,060.2 — 1,060.2Selling, general and administrative expenses37.7 7.3 700.0 — 745.0Research and development expenses— — 163.5 — 163.5Restructuring charges, net35.3 — 46.1 — 81.4Non-restructuring impairments— — 151.6 — 151.6Separation costs2.5 — 7.1 — 9.6Gains on divestiture and license— — (15.0) — (15.0)Operating (loss) income(75.5) (7.3) 6.9 — (75.9) Interest expense— (86.3) — 3.7 (82.6)Interest income— — 5.2 (3.7) 1.5Other income (expense), net30.9 — (27.8) — 3.1Intercompany interest and fees(9.0) — 9.0 — —Equity in net income of subsidiaries(264.8) (171.2) (300.2) 736.2 —Loss from continuing operations before income taxes(318.4) (264.8) (306.9) 736.2 (153.9)Benefit from income taxes— — (10.1) — (10.1)Loss from continuing operations(318.4) (264.8) (296.8) 736.2 (143.8)Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes(0.9) — (174.6) — (175.5)Net loss(319.3) (264.8) (471.4) 736.2 (319.3)Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(42.8) (42.8) (84.1) 126.9 (42.8)Comprehensive loss$(362.1) $(307.6) $(555.5) $863.1 $(362.1)137MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFiscal year ended September 27, 2013(in millions) Mallinckrodt plc MallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. OtherSubsidiaries Eliminations CombinedNet sales$— $— $1,712.3 $— $1,712.3Cost of sales— — 890.0 — 890.0Gross profit— — 822.3 — 822.3Selling, general and administrative expenses5.2 0.1 490.6 — 495.9Research and development expenses— — 157.9 — 157.9Restructuring charges, net— — 23.7 — 23.7Separation costs3.2 0.6 70.4 — 74.2Gains on divestiture and license— — (2.9) — (2.9)Operating income (loss)(8.4) (0.7) 82.6 — 73.5 Interest expense— (19.6) 0.1 — (19.5)Interest income— — 0.3 — 0.3Other income (expense), net0.2 — 1.2 — 1.4Intercompany interest and fees(9.5) — 9.5 — —Equity in net income of subsidiaries76.4 96.7 — (173.1) —Income from continuing operations before income taxes58.7 76.4 93.7 (173.1) 55.7Provision for (benefit from) income taxes(0.3) — 47.8 — 47.5Income from continuing operations59.0 76.4 45.9 (173.1) 8.2Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes(0.2) — 50.8 — 50.6Net income58.8 76.4 96.7 (173.1) 58.8Other comprehensive income, net of tax28.4 28.4 35.7 (64.1) 28.4Comprehensive income$87.2 $104.8 $132.4 $(237.2) $87.2138MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWSFiscal year ended September 25, 2015(in millions)Mallinckrodt plcMallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Eliminations ConsolidatedCash Flows From Operating Activities: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$207.0 $(148.2) $837.6 $— $896.4Cash Flows From Investing Activities: Capital expenditures— — (148.0) — (148.0)Acquisitions and intangibles, net of cash acquired— — (2,154.7) — (2,154.7)Intercompany loan investment(149.4) — (554.2) 703.6 —Investment in subsidiary— (3,014.4) — 3,014.4 —Restricted cash— — 3.1 — 3.1Other— — 3.0 — 3.0Net cash used in investing activities(149.4) (3,014.4) (2,850.8) 3,718.0 (2,296.6)Cash Flows From Financing Activities: Issuance of external debt— 2,890.0 120.0 — 3,010.0Repayment of external debt and capital leases— (258.3) (1,590.1) — (1,848.4)Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation— — 34.1 — 34.1Debt financing costs— (39.1) (0.8) — (39.9)Proceeds from exercise of share options34.4 — — — 34.4Intercompany loan borrowings— 703.6 — (703.6) —Capital contribution— — 3,014.4 (3,014.4) —Repurchase of shares(92.2) — — — (92.2)Other— — (28.1) — (28.1)Net cash provided by financing activities(57.8) 3,296.2 1,549.5 (3,718.0) 1,069.9Effect of currency rate changes on cash— — (11.6) — (11.6)Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(0.2) 133.6 (475.3) — (341.9)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period0.3 18.5 689.0 — 707.8Cash and cash equivalents at end of period0.1 152.1 213.7 — 365.9139MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWSFiscal year ended September 26, 2014(in millions) Mallinckrodt plc MallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. OtherSubsidiaries Eliminations ConsolidatedCash Flows From Operating Activities: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$18.2 $(65.0) $420.2 $— $373.4Cash Flows From Investing Activities: Capital expenditures— — (127.8) — (127.8)Acquisitions and intangibles, net of cash acquired— — (2,793.8) — (2,793.8)Intercompany loan investment(25.0) (298.1) (915.8) 1,238.9 —Subsidiary dividend proceeds— 300.5 — (300.5) —Investment in subsidiary— (3,735.5) — 3,735.5 —Restricted Cash— — 4.1 — 4.1Other— — 26.7 — 26.7Net cash used in investing activities(25.0) (3,733.1) (3,806.6)—4,673.9 (2,890.8)Cash Flows From Financing Activities: Issuance of external debt— 2,893.3 149.9 — 3,043.2Repayment of external debt and capital leases— (3.3) (31.5) — (34.8)Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation— — 8.9 — 8.9Debt financing costs— (70.7) (1.0) — (71.7)Proceeds from exercise of share options25.8 — — — 25.8Subsidiary dividend payment— — (300.5) 300.5 —Intercompany loan borrowings(2.4) 940.8 300.5 (1,238.9) —Capital contribution— — 3,735.5 (3,735.5) —Repurchase of shares(17.5) — — — (17.5)Other— — — — —Net cash provided by financing activities5.9 3,760.1—3,861.8 (4,673.9) 2,953.9Effect of currency rate changes on cash— — (4.2) — (4.2)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(0.9) (38.0) 471.2 — 432.3Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period1.2 56.5 217.8 — 275.5Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$0.3 $18.5 $689.0 $— $707.8140MALLINCKRODT PLCCONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWSFiscal year ended September 27, 2013(in millions) Mallinckrodt plc MallinckrodtInternationalFinance S.A. OtherSubsidiaries Eliminations ConsolidatedCash Flows From Operating Activities: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(1.8) $(8.4) $146.1 $— $135.9Cash Flows From Investing Activities: Capital expenditures— — (147.9) — (147.9)Acquisitions and intangibles, net of cash acquired— — (88.1) — (88.1)Intercompany loan investment— (2.4) (409.6) 412.0 —Investment in subsidiary— (68.0) — 68.0 —Other— — 1.3 — 1.3Net cash used in investing activities— (70.4) (644.3)—480.0 (234.7)Cash Flows From Financing Activities: Issuance of external debt— 898.1 — — 898.1Repayment of external debt and capital leases— — (1.3) — (1.3)Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation— — 3.4 — 3.4Debt financing costs— (12.0) — — (12.0)Net transfers to parent— (1,160.4) 644.5 — (515.9)Proceeds from exercise of share options0.6 — — — 0.6Intercompany loan borrowings2.4 409.6 — (412.0) —Capital contribution— — 68.0 (68.0) —Other— — 0.1 — 0.1Net cash provided by financing activities3.0 135.3—714.7 (480.0) 373.0Effect of currency rate changes on cash— — 1.3 — 1.3Net increase in cash and cash equivalents1.2 56.5 217.8 — 275.5Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period— — — — —Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$1.2 $56.5 $217.8 $— $275.514124.Subsequent EventsShare Repurchase & Debt Reduction AuthorizationOn November 19, 2015, the Company's board of directors authorized an increase to our existing $300.0 million share repurchase program previouslyannounced in January 2015. The authorization increased our existing repurchase program by $500.0 million from $300.0 million to $800.0 million.142Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.None.Item 9A.Controls and Procedures.Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresWe maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934, as amended ("the Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods, and that suchinformation is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), asappropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) as of September 25, 2015. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of that date, ourdisclosure controls and procedures were effective.Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined under Exchange Act Rules13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in theUnited States of America. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’sassets;•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generallyaccepted accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of theCompany’s management and directors; and•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluationof effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree ofcompliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 25, 2015. In making this assessment, managementused the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework(2013). Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and testing of theoperational effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. Based on our assessment, we believe that our internal controls over financialreporting were effective as of September 25, 2015.Management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting, as discussed above, excluded Ikaria, Inc. and Therakos, Inc., both acquired by theCompany in fiscal 2015, which represented approximately 6% of our total net sales and approximately 29% of our total assets as of and for the period endedSeptember 25, 2015, respectively. Because management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting included the accounting for goodwill andintangible assets from these acquisitions, the percentage of total assets at September 25, 2015 that was excluded from management's assessment of internalcontrol over financial reporting was approximately 2%.Our internal control over financial reporting as of September 25, 2015 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the independent registered publicaccounting firm that audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K. This report is includedbelow.143Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 25, 2015 that have materially affected, or arelikely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.144REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Mallinckrodt plc:We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Mallinckrodt plc and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 25, 2015, based onthe criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the TreadwayCommission. As described in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internalcontrol over financial reporting at Ikaria, Inc. (“Ikaria”) and Therakos, Inc. (“Therakos”), both acquired by the Company in fiscal 2015, which representedapproximately 6% of total net sales and approximately 2% of total assets as of and for the period ended September 25, 2015, respectively. Accordingly,our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Ikaria or Therakos. The Company's management is responsible for maintainingeffective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in theaccompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internalcontrol over financial reporting based on our audit.We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards requirethat we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in allmaterial respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weaknessexists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other proceduresas we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive andprincipal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel toprovide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and proceduresthat (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of thecompany; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance withgenerally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations ofmanagement and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition,use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override ofcontrols, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of theeffectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because ofchanges in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 25, 2015, based on thecriteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the TreadwayCommission.We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated andcombined financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended September 25, 2015 of the Company and our report datedNovember 24, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule and included an explanatoryparagraph regarding the fact that the Company’s combined financial statements for periods prior to June 28, 2013, including the nine months ended June28, 2013 that is included within the Company’s fiscal 2013 results, may not be indicative of the Company’s future performance had it operated as anindependent, publicly-traded company for the entirety of the periods presented./s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLPSt. Louis, MissouriNovember 24, 2015145Item 9B.Other Information.At meetings on November 18 - 19, 2015, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved, with respect to our President and Chief Executive Officer, andthe Human Resources and Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of our Board approved, with respect to our other named executive officers, certaincompensation related actions. With respect to Matthew K. Harbaugh, our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, the Committee increased hisannual base salary, effective December 28, 2015, from $530,000 to $570,000. With respect to Frank Scholz, our Senior Vice President, Global Operations, theCommittee increased his annual base salary, effective December 28, 2015, from $430,000 to $460,000.Also, the Board, with respect to our President and Chief Executive Officer, and the Committee, with respect to our other named executive officers,determined the target grant date dollar value of long-term incentive compensation for the fiscal 2016 annual long-term incentive awards, which will begranted on January 4, 2016 ("the Grant Date"). The table below sets forth the target grant date fair value awarded to each of our named executive officers:Fiscal 2016 Long-Term Incentive CompensationName and TitleTarget Grant Date FairValueMark C. Trudeau$9,750,000Chief Executive Officer Matthew K. Harbaugh$2,750,000Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Hugh M. O'Neill$1,700,000Senior Vice President, Autoimmune and Rare Diseases Gary M. Phillips$1,550,000Senior Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer Frank Scholz$1,500,000Senior Vice President, Global Operations The dollar value awarded to each named executive officer for fiscal 2016 grants will be allocated between the long-term incentive vehicles as follows:•40% of the target grant date fair value will be allocated to performance shares ("PSUs") with performance-based vesting over a three-year vestingperiod (September 26, 2015 up to and including September 28, 2018) based on total return of shareholders against a defined peer group (weighted50%) and Net Revenue Compounded Annual Growth Rate. The actual number of PSUs will be determined on the Grant Date by taking the dollarvalue allocated to PSUs and dividing such amount by the grant date fair value of a PSU using, for 50% of the value, a Monte Carlo simulation modeland for the remaining 50% of the value, the closing price of our ordinary shares on the Grant Date. Depending on Mallinckrodt's performance duringthe performance period, the named executive officer is entitled to receive a number of ordinary shares equal to a percentage, ranging from 0% to200%, of the award granted.•40% of the target grant date fair value will be allocated to stock options vesting ratably over a four-year period on the anniversary of the Grant Date.The actual number of stock options will be determined on the Grant Date by taking the dollar value allocated to stock options and dividing suchamount by the grant date fair value of an option using a Black-Scholes valuation model; and•20% of the target grant date fair value will be allocated to restricted stock units ("RSUs") vesting ratably over a four-year period on the anniversaryof the Grant Date. The actual number of RSUs will be determined on the Grant Date by taking the dollar value allocated to RSUs and dividing suchamount by Fair Market Value (as defined in the Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Stock and Incentive Plan) of the Company's ordinary shares on theGrant Date.146The performance share, stock option and restricted stock unit awards will be made pursuant to the terms and conditions of the MallinckrodtPharmaceuticals Stock and Incentive Plan and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the applicable award agreements.147PART III Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.Information regarding our directors required under this Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance will be included in our definitiveproxy statement for our annual general meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission within 120days after September 25, 2015.Information regarding our executive officers required under this Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance is included in Item 1.Business of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.We have adopted the Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Guide to Business Conduct, which meets the requirements of a "code of ethics" as defined in Item 406of Regulation S-K, as well as the requirements of a code of business conduct and ethics under the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. OurGuide to Business Conduct applies to all employees, officers and directors of Mallinckrodt, including, without limitation, our Chief Executive Officer, ChiefFinancial Officer and other senior financial officers. Our Guide to Business Conduct is posted on our website at www.mallinckrodt.com under the heading"Investor Relations - Corporate Governance." We will also provide a copy of our Guide to Business Conduct to shareholders upon request. We intend todisclose any amendments to our Guide to Business Conduct, as well as any waivers for executive officers or directors, on our website.Item 11.Executive Compensation.Information regarding the compensation of our named executive officers and directors required under this Item 11. Executive Compensation will beincluded in our definitive proxy statement for our annual general meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the United States Securities and ExchangeCommission within 120 days after September 25, 2015.Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.Information regarding individuals or groups which own more than 5% of our ordinary shares, as well as information regarding the security ownership of ourexecutive officers and directors, and other shareholder matters required under this Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners andManagement and Related Stockholder Matters will be included in our definitive proxy statement for our annual general meeting of shareholders, which willbe filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after September 25, 2015.Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.Information regarding transactions with related parties and director independence required under this Item 13. Certain Relationships and RelatedTransactions, and Director Independence will be included in our definitive proxy statement for our annual general meeting of shareholders, which will befiled with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after September 25, 2015.Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services.Information regarding the services provided by and the fees paid to Deloitte and Touche LLP, our independent auditors, required under this Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services will be included in our definitive proxy statement for our annual general meeting of shareholders, which will be filedwith the United States Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after September 25, 2015.148PART IVItem 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.Documents filed as part of this report:1)Financial Statements. The following are included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.•Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm•Consolidated Statement of Income for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 and the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Incomefor the fiscal years ended September 26, 2014 and September 27, 2013•Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 and the Consolidated and CombinedStatements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended September 26, 2014 and September 27, 2013•Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 25, 2015 and September 26, 2014•Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 and the Consolidated and Combined Statements ofCash Flows for the fiscal years ended September 26, 2014 and September 27, 2013•Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the period from September 26, 2014 to September 25, 2015 and theConsolidated and Combined Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the period from September 28, 2012 to September 25, 2015•Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements2)Financial Statement Schedules. The financial statement schedule is included below. All other schedules have been omitted because they are notapplicable, not required or the information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (in millions) Description Balance atBeginning ofPeriod Charged toIncome Additions andOther Deductions Balance at End ofPeriodAllowance for doubtful accounts: Fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 $3.7 $1.9 $— $(0.9) $4.7Fiscal year ended September 26, 2014 3.6 0.4 — (0.3) 3.7Fiscal year ended September 27, 2013 9.4 1.1 — (6.9) 3.6Sales reserve accounts: Fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 $404.9 $2,187.8 $1.3 $(2,194.7) $399.3Fiscal year ended September 26, 2014 287.7 1,720.9 30.6 (1,634.3) 404.9Fiscal year ended September 27, 2013 235.0 1,171.9 — (1,119.2) 287.7Tax valuation allowance: Fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 $76.9 $155.4 $0.2 $0.5 $233.0Fiscal year ended September 26, 2014 28.3 33.9 14.7 — 76.9Fiscal year ended September 27, 2013 15.3 10.0 3.0 — 28.33)Exhibits. The exhibits are included in the Exhibit Index that appears at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.149SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. MALLINCKRODT PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY Date: November 24, 2015By:/s/ Matthew K. Harbaugh Matthew K. HarbaughSenior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer(principal financial officer)Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of theregistrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.Signature Title Date /s/ Mark C. Trudeau President, Chief Executive Officer and Director November 24, 2015Mark C. Trudeau (principal executive officer) /s/ Matthew K. Harbaugh Senior Vice President and Chief FinancialOfficer November 24, 2015Matthew K. Harbaugh (principal financial officer) /s/ Kathleen A. Schaefer Vice President and Corporate Controller November 24, 2015Kathleen A. Schaefer (principal accounting officer) * Chairman of the Board of Directors November 24, 2015Melvin D. Booth * Director November 24, 2015Don M. Bailey * Director November 24, 2015David R. Carlucci * Director November 24, 2015J. Martin Carroll * Director November 24, 2015Diane H. Gulyas * Director November 24, 2015Nancy S. Lurker * Director November 24, 2015JoAnn A. Reed * Director November 24, 2015Angus C. Russell * Director November 24, 2015Virgil D. Thompson * Director November 24, 2015Kneeland C. Youngblood, M.D. * Director November 24, 2015Joseph A. Zaccagnino * Kenneth L. Wagner, by signing his name hereto, does sign this document on behalf of the above noted individuals, pursuant to powers of attorney dulyexecuted by such individuals which have been filed as an Exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K./s/ Kenneth L. Wagner Kenneth L. Wagner, Attorney-in-fact 150EXHIBIT INDEXExhibitNumber Exhibit 2.1 Separation and Distribution Agreement between Covidien plc and Mallinckrodt plc, dated June 28, 2013 (incorporated by reference toExhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 10, 2014, by and among Mallinckrodt plc, Madison Merger Sub, Inc. and CadencePharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 11, 2014).2.3 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 5, 2014, by and among Mallinckrodt plc, Quincy merger Sub, Inc. and QuestcorPharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 7, 2014).2.4 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated March 5, 2015, by and among Compound Holdings I, LLC, Compound Holdings II, Inc., MallinckrodtEnterprises LLC and Mallinckrodt plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March5, 2015).2.5 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2015, by and between Mallinckrodt Group S.à r.l., Mallinckrodt U.S. Holdings Inc.,Mallinckrodt Netherlands Holdings B.V., Mallinckrodt Finance GmbH, Ludlow Corporation, Mallinckrodt Holdings GmbH, MallinckrodtInternational Finance S.A. and Guerbet S.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filedJuly 28, 2015).2.6 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 9, 2015, by and among TGG Medical Holdings, LLC, TGG Medical Solutions, Inc., MallinckrodtEnterprises LLC and Mallinckrodt plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filedAugust 10, 2015).3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Mallinckrodt plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-Kfiled July 1, 2013).3.2 Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Mallinckrodt plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to theCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).4.1 Indenture, dated as of April 11, 2013, by and among Mallinckrodt International Finance S.A., Covidien International Finance S.A. andDeutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).4.2 Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 28, 2013, by and among Mallinckrodt plc, Mallinckrodt International Finance S.A. and DeutscheBank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filedJuly 1, 2013).4.3 Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2014, among Mallinckrodt International Finance, S.A., Mallinckrodt CB LLC, the Guarantors partythereto from time to time and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 14, 2014).4.4 Indenture, dated as of April 15, 2015, among Mallinckrodt International Finance S.A., Mallinckrodt CB LLC, the Guarantors party theretofrom time to time and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K filed April 17, 2015).4.5 Indenture, dated as of September 24, 2015, among Mallinckrodt International Finance S.A., Mallinckrodt CB LLC, the Guarantors partythereto from time to time and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 28, 2015).10.1 Tax Matters Agreement between Covidien plc and Mallinckrodt plc, dated June 28, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).10.2 Employee Matters Agreement between Covidien plc and Mallinckrodt plc, dated June 28, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).10.3 Transition Services Agreement between Covidien plc and Mallinckrodt plc, dated June 28, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).10.4 Credit Agreement, dated as of March 19, 2014, among Mallinckrodt plc, Mallinckrodt International Finance S.A., Mallinckrodt CB LLC,the lenders party thereto from time to time and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as Administrative Agent (incorporated herein byreference to Exhibit (b)(3) of the Schedule TO/A filed by Mallinckrodt plc and Madison Merger Sub, Inc. on March 19, 2014).10.5 Refinancing Amendment No. 1 and Incremental Assumption Agreement No. 2, dated as of August 28, 2015, among Mallinckrodt plc,Mallinckrodt International Finance, S.A., Mallinckrodt CB LLC, the other subsidiaries of Mallinckrodt plc party thereto, the lenders partythereto and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K filed August 28, 2015).10.6 Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2014, among Mallinckrodt Securitization S.À R.L., the persons from time to time partythereto as purchasers, PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and Mallinckrodt LLC, as initial servicer (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report filed July 30, 2014).15110.7 First Amendment to the Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 20, 2015, among Mallinckrodt Securitization S.À R.L., the personsfrom time to time party thereto as purchasers, PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and Mallinckrodt LLC, as initialservicer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 27,2015).10.8 Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2014, among the various entities party thereto from time to time as originators,Mallinckrodt LLC, as initial servicer, and Mallinckrodt Securitization S.À R.L., as buyer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 30, 2014).10.9 First Amendment to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of January 20, 2015, among the various entities party thereto from time totime as originators, Mallinckrodt LLC, as initial servicer, and Mallinckrodt Securitization S.À R.L., as buyer (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 27, 2015).10.10 Sale Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2014, between Liebel-Flarsheim Company LLC and Mallinckrodt LLC (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 30, 2014).10.11 Performance Guaranty, dated as of January 20, 2015, by Mallinckrodt International Finance S.A. in favor of PNC Bank, NationalAssociation, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for thequarter ended March 27, 2015).10.12 Incremental Assumption Agreement No. 1, dated as of August 14, 2014, among Mallinckrodt International Finance, S.A., Mallinckrodt CBLLC, the subsidiaries of MIFSA party thereto and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as administrative agent, as acknowledged by andconsented to by Mallinckrodt plc and Mallinckrodt Quincy S.à r.l. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K filed August 14, 2014).10.13 Form of Deed of Indemnification by and between Mallinckrodt plc and Directors and Secretary (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).10.14 Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between Mallinckrodt Brand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Directors and Secretary (incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).10.15 IV APAP Agreement (U.S. and Canada), dated as of February 21, 2006, by and between Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Bristol-MyersSquibb Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Amendment No. 2 of Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s RegistrationStatement on Form S-1 filed September 25, 2006).12.16 License Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2002, by and among SCR Pharmatop and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.12 to Amendment No. 2 of Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed September 25,2006).10.17* Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Severance Plan for U.S. Officers and Executives dated May 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 26, 2014).10.18* Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Change in Control Severance Plan for Certain U.S. Officers and Executives dated as of May 1, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 26, 2014).10.19* Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Amendment No. 3to Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on May 31, 2013).10.20* Mallinckrodt plc Stock and Incentive Plan Terms and Conditions of Restricted Unit Award for Chief Executive Officer (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013).10.21* Mallinckrodt plc Stock and Incentive Plan Terms and Conditions of Restricted Unit Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 8, 2014).10.22* Mallinckrodt plc Stock and Incentive Plan Terms and Conditions of Option Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to theCompany's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 8, 2014).10.23* Mallinckrodt plc Stock and Incentive Plan Terms and Conditions of Performance Unit Award FY14-FY16 Performance Cycle(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 8, 2014).10.24* Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Company’s Proxy Statement filedon January 23, 2015).10.25* Mallinckrodt plc Stock and Incentive Plan Terms and Conditions of Restricted Unit Award to Non-Employee Directors (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 27, 2015).10.26* Letter Agreement dated as of August 27, 2013 by and between Mallinckrodt LLC and Frank Scholz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.20 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 26, 2014).21.1 Subsidiaries of Mallinckrodt plc.23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP.24.1 Powers of Attorney31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.15231.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.32.1 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant toSection 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.101 The following materials from the Mallinckrodt plc Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 formatted inExtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated andCombined Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated and Combined Statementsof Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Shareholders' Equity and (vi) related notes.*Compensation plans or arrangements.The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than withrespect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations andwarranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and maynot describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.153Exhibit 21.1SUBSIDIARIES OF MALLINCKRODT PLCName of Subsidiary Jurisdiction of Formation101610 P.E.I., Inc. Prince Edward IslandActhar IP IrelandBioVectra Inc. Prince Edward IslandCache Holdings Limited BermudaCarnforth Limited BermudaCNS Therapeutics, Inc. DelawareComercializadora Mallinckrodt Chile Limitada ChileDritte CORSA Verwaltungsgesellschaft GmbH GermanyDT Merger Sub, Inc. DelawareEnterprises Holdings, Inc. DelawareIkaria Australia Pty Ltd AustraliaIkaria Canada Inc. CanadaIkaria Japan K.K. JapanIMC Exploration Company MarylandINO Therapeutics LLC DelawareINOmax Manufacturing LLC DelawareLiebel-Flarsheim Canada Inc. QuebecLiebel-Flarsheim Company LLC DelawareLiebel-Flarsheim Sarl LuxembourgLudlow Corporation MassachusettsMallinckrodt AG SwitzerlandMallinckrodt APAP LLC DelawareMallinckrodt ARD Finance, Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt ARD Holdings Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt ARD Holdings Limited United KingdomMallinckrodt ARD Inc. CaliforniaMallinckrodt ARD IP Limited IrelandMallinckrodt Australia Pty Ltd AustraliaMallinckrodt Belgium BVBA BelgiumMallinckrodt Brand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt Buckingham IrelandMallinckrodt Canada Cooperatie U.A. NetherlandsMallinckrodt Canada Holdings ULC AlbertaMallinckrodt Canada ULC AlbertaMallinckrodt Caribbean, Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt Caribbean, Inc. (Puerto Rico Branch) Puerto RicoMallinckrodt CB LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Chemical Holdings (U.K.) Ltd. United KingdomMallinckrodt Chemical Limited United KingdomMallinckrodt Colombia S A S ColombiaMallinckrodt Critical Care Finance Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt Deutschland GmbH GermanyMallinckrodt Deutschland Holdings GmbH GermanyMallinckrodt do Brasil, Ltda. BrazilMallinckrodt Enterprises Holdings, Inc. CaliforniaMallinckrodt Enterprises LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Enterprises UK Limited United KingdomMallinckrodt Finance GmbH SwitzerlandMallinckrodt France Sarl FranceMallinckrodt Group Sarl LuxembourgMallinckrodt Group Sarl, Luxembourg (LU) Schaffhausen Branch SwitzerlandMallinckrodt Holdings GmbH SwitzerlandMallinckrodt Holdings Limited United KingdomMallinckrodt Hong Kong Limited Hong KongMallinckrodt Hong Kong Limited, Taiwan Representative Office TaiwanMallinckrodt Hong Kong Limited, Thailand Branch ThailandMallinckrodt Hospital Products Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt Hospital Products IP Limited IrelandMallinckrodt Imaging Sarl FranceMallinckrodt Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt International Finance SA LuxembourgMallinckrodt International Holdings S.a r.l. LuxembourgMallinckrodt IP IrelandMallinckrodt Ireland Limited IrelandMallinckrodt Italia Spa MilanMallinckrodt Japan Co. Ltd JapanMallinckrodt Korea Inc. South KoreaMallinckrodt LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Lux IP S.a r.l. LuxembourgMallinckrodt Medical Argentina Limited United KingdomMallinckrodt Medical Argentina Limited (Argentina Branch) ArgentinaMallinckrodt Medical B.V. NetherlandsMallinckrodt Medical Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ChinaMallinckrodt Medical Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Beijing Pharma Information ConsultingBranch ChinaMallinckrodt Medical Holdings (UK) Limited United KingdomMallinckrodt Medical Imaging - Ireland IrelandMallinckrodt Medical S.A. de C.V. MexicoMallinckrodt MFC LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Nederland B.V. NetherlandsMallinckrodt Netherlands Holdings B.V. (Finland Branch) FinlandMallinckrodt Netherlands Holdings B.V. Holland (Denmark Branch) DenmarkMallinckrodt Netherlands Holdings B.V. Slovakia, organizacná zlozka Slovak RepublicMallinckrodt Netherlands Holdings B.V., organizacní slozka Czech RepublicMallinckrodt Netherlands Holdings BV NetherlandsMallinckrodt Nuclear LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Nuclear Medicine LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Panama Distribution, S.A. PanamaMallinckrodt Panama, S.A. PanamaMallinckrodt Petten Holdings B.V. NetherlandsMallinckrodt Pharma IP Trading D.A.C. IrelandMallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals India Private Limited IndiaMallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited IrelandMallinckrodt plc IrelandMallinckrodt Proprietary Limited South AfricaMallinckrodt Quincy S.a r.l. LuxembourgMallinckrodt Radioisotopes B.V. NetherlandsMallinckrodt Radiopharmaceuticals Deutschland GmbH GermanyMallinckrodt Radiopharmaceuticals Italia SpA ItalyMallinckrodt Radiopharmaceuticals Spain SL SpainMallinckrodt Radiopharmaceuticals Sverige AB SwedenMallinckrodt RP Canada Inc. OntarioMallinckrodt RP UK Ltd United KingdomMallinckrodt Saglik Anonim Sirketi TurkeyMallinckrodt Securitization Sarl LuxembourgMallinckrodt sp. z o.o. PolandMallinckrodt Sp. z o.o., odstepný závod Czech RepublicMallinckrodt Spain, S.L. SpainMallinckrodt Specialty Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited IrelandMallinckrodt Sverige AB SwedenMallinckrodt Switzerland Limited SwitzerlandMallinckrodt UK Commercial Ltd United KingdomMallinckrodt UK Finance LLP United KingdomMallinckrodt UK Ltd United KingdomMallinckrodt US Holdings Inc. NevadaMallinckrodt US Holdings LLC DelawareMallinckrodt US Pool LLC NevadaMallinckrodt Veterinary, Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt Windsor Ireland Finance IrelandMallinckrodt Windsor Sarl LuxembourgMEH, Inc. NevadaMHP Finance, Inc. DelawareMKG Medical UK Ltd United KingdomMontjeu Limited IrelandMUSHI UK Holdings Limited United KingdomPhoenixglade Limited IrelandQuestcor International Ltd. IrelandRepresentative Office of private limited liability company Mallinckrodt Netherlands Holdings B.V. RussiaRibogene, Inc. DelawareTherakos (Belgium) SPRL BelgiumTherakos (Canada) Company CanadaTherakos (France) SAS FranceTherakos (Italia) S.r.l ItalyTherakos (UK), Limited Dutch Branch NetherlandsTherakos (UK), Limited, Sucursal en Espana SpainTherakos (UK), Ltd United KingdomTherakos (UK), Ltd Sweden Filial SwedenTherakos Colombia S.A.S. ColombiaTherakos Germany GmbH GermanyTherakos, Inc. FloridaViking Project Company, LLC DelawareName of Subsidiary Jurisdiction of FormationMallinckrodt Switzerland Limited SwitzerlandMallinckrodt Hong Kong Limited, Taiwan Representative Office TaiwanMallinckrodt Hong Kong Limited, Thailand Branch ThailandMallinckrodt Saglik Anonim Sirketi TurkeyMallinckrodt ARD Holdings Limited (FKA MIFSA UK Limited) UKMallinckrodt Chemical Holdings (UK) Ltd. UKMallinckrodt Chemical Limited UKMallinckrodt Enterprises UK Limited UKMallinckrodt Medical Argentina Ltd. UKMallinckrodt Medical Holdings (UK) Limited UKMallinckrodt UK Commercial Ltd UKMallinckrodt UK Ltd UKMKG Medical UK Ltd UKMUSHI UK Holdings Limited UKBioVectra, Inc. USA North CarolinaCadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc. DelawareCNS Therapeutics, Inc. DelawareEnterpises Holdings, Inc. DelawareIMC Exploration Company MarylandLafayette Pharmaceuticals LLC DelawareLiebel-Flarsheim Company LLC DelawareLudlow Corporation MassachusettsMallinckrodt APAP LLC DelawareMallinckrodt ARD Holdings Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt Brand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (DE) DelawareMallinckrodt Caribbean, Inc. DelawareMallinckrodt CB LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Enterprises Holdings, Inc. CaliforniaMallinckrodt Enterprises LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Inc. (DE) DelawareMallinckrodt LLC DelawareMallinckrodt MFC LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Nuclear LLC DelawareMallinckrodt Nuclear Medicine LLC DelawareMallinckrodt US Holdings, Inc. (FKA Kendall Holding Corp.) NevadaMallinckrodt US Holdings LLC DelawareMallinckrodt US Pool LLC NevadaMallinckrodt Veterinary, Inc. DelawareMEH, Inc. NevadaQuestcor Pharmaceuticals Inc. CaliforniaRibogene, Inc. DelawareViking Project Company, LLC DelawareExhibit 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-189711, 333-189712, 333-189716, 333-196054 and 333-203912 onForm S-8 of our reports dated November 24, 2015, relating to the consolidated and combined financial statements and financial statement schedule ofMallinckrodt plc (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph related to the fact that the Company’s results forperiods prior to June 28, 2013, including the nine months ended June 28, 2013 that is included within the Company’s fiscal 2013 results, may not beindicative of the Company’s future performance and do not necessarily reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows that would havebeen had it operated as an independent, publicly-traded company for the entirety of the periods presented) and the effectiveness of Mallinckrodt plc’sinternal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Mallinckrodt plc for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015./s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLPSt. Louis, MissouriNovember 24, 2015Exhibit 24.1POWER OF ATTORNEYWe, the undersigned officers and directors of Mallinckrodt plc, hereby severally constitute and appoint Kenneth L. Wagner to sign for us and in ournames in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments to the report on Form 10-K filed herewith, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto andother documents in connection therewith, in each case, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and generally to do all such things in our names andon our behalf in our capacities consistent with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and ExchangeCommission.Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of theregistrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.Signature Title Date /s/ Mark C. Trudeay President, Chief Executive Officer and Director November 24, 2015Mark C. Trudeau (principal executive officer) /s/ Matthew K. Harbaugh Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer November 24, 2015Matthew K. Harbaugh (principal financial officer) /s/ Kathleen A. Schaefer Vice President Controller November 24, 2015Kathleen A. Schaefer (principal accounting officer) /s/ Melvin D. Booth Chairman of the Board of Directors November 24, 2015Melvin D. Booth /s/ Don M. Bailey Director November 24, 2015Don M. Bailey /s/ David R. Carlucci Director November 24, 2015David R. Carlucci /s/ J. Martin Carroll Director November 24, 2015J. Martin Carroll /s/ Diane H. Gulyas Director November 24, 2015Diane H. Gulyas /s/ Nancy S. Lurker Director November 24, 2015Nancy S. Lurker /s/ JoAnn A. Reed Director November 24, 2015JoAnn A. Reed /s/ Angus C. Russell Director November 24, 2015Angus C. Russell /s/ Virgil D. Thompson Director November 24, 2015Virgil D. Thompson /s/ Kneeland C. Youngblood Director November 24, 2015Kneeland C. Youngblood /s/ Joseph A. Zaccagnino Director November 24, 2015Joseph A. Zaccagnino Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934I, Mark C. Trudeau, certify that: 1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mallinckrodt plc; 2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have: a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to usby others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designedunder our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation offinancial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions aboutthe effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on suchevaluation; and d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant'smost recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or isreasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, tothe registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant'sinternal control over financial reporting.Date: November 24, 2015 By: /s/ Mark C. Trudeau Mark C. Trudeau President and Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)Exhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934I, Matthew K. Harbaugh, certify that: 1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mallinckrodt plc; 2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to makethe statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered bythis report; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have: a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to usby others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designedunder our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation offinancial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions aboutthe effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on suchevaluation; and d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant'smost recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or isreasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, tothe registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant'sinternal control over financial reporting.Date: November 24, 2015 By:/s/ Matthew K. Harbaugh Matthew K. Harbaugh Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer(principal financial officer)Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002The undersigned officers of Mallinckrodt plc ("the Company") hereby certify to their knowledge that the Company's annual report on Form 10-Kfor the annual period ended September 25, 2015 ("the Report"), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies withthe requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in theReport fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. By:/s/ Mark C. TrudeauMark C. TrudeauPresident and Chief Executive OfficerNovember 24, 2015By:/s/ Matthew K. HarbaughMatthew K. HarbaughSenior Vice President and Chief Financial OfficerNovember 24, 2015

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