MannKind Annual Report 2014

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549Form 10-K þANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014or ¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF1934For the transition period from to Commission file number: 000-50865MannKind Corporation(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 13-3607736(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization) (I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)28903 North Avenue PaineValencia, California 91355(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)Registrant’s telephone number, including area code(661) 775-5300Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Class Name of Each Exchange on Which RegisteredCommon Stock, par value $0.01 per share The NASDAQ Global MarketSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None(Title of Class)Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No ¨Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þIndicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filingrequirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was requiredto submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to thebest of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to thisForm 10-K. þIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See thedefinitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No þAs of June 30, 2014, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the last sale price ofsuch stock as of such date on the NASDAQ Global Market, was approximately $2,616,079,653.As of February 23, 2015, there were 408,837,603 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCEPortions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement, or the Proxy Statement, for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securitiesand Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K, are incorporated byreference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATIONAnnual Report on Form 10-KFor the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2014TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I Item 1. Business 1 Item 1A. Risk Factors 14 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 38 Item 2. Properties 38 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 38 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 38 PART II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 39 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 41 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 41 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 52 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 53 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 64 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 65 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 66 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 67 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT 68 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 69 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 70 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 53 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 53 Item 9B. Other Information 56 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 56 Item 11. Executive Compensation 56 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 56 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 56 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 56 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits. Financial Statement Schedules 57 Signatures 62 Table of ContentsForward-Looking StatementsStatements in this report that are not strictly historical in nature are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws madepursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements byterms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,”“would,” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements, though not all forward-looking statements contain these identifyingwords. These statements may include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: our and our marketing partner’s ability to successfully market,commercialize and achieve market acceptance for AFREZZA or any other product candidates or therapies that we may develop; our ability to manufacturesufficient quantities of AFREZZA and obtain insulin supply as needed; our estimates for future performance; our estimates regarding anticipated operatinglosses, future revenues, capital requirements and our needs for additional financing; our and our marketing partner’s plans to expand manufacturing capacityto meet global demand for AFREZZA, including with respect to the construction and qualification of an additional manufacturing facility; the progress orsuccess of our research, development and clinical programs, including the application for and receipt of regulatory clearances and approvals; our ability toprotect our intellectual property and operate our business without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others; and scientific studies and theconclusions we draw from them. These statements are only predictions or conclusions based on current information and expectations and involve a number ofrisks and uncertainties. The underlying information and expectations are likely to change over time. Actual events or results may differ materially from thoseprojected in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” andelsewhere in this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as aresult of new information, future events or otherwise.AFREZZA, MedTone, Dreamboat and Technosphere are our trademarks in the United States. We have also applied for or have registered companytrademarks in other jurisdictions, including Europe and Japan. This document also contains trademarks and service marks of other companies that are theproperty of their respective owners.PART IItem 1. BusinessUnless the context requires otherwise, the words “MannKind,” “we,” “company,” “us” and “our” refer to MannKind Corporation and its subsidiaries.MannKind Corporation is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of therapeutic products for diseases such as diabetes.Our only approved product, AFREZZA, is a rapid-acting inhaled insulin that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) onJune 27, 2014 to improve glycemic control in adult patients with diabetes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in the United Statesin 2012, approximately 29.1 million people had diabetes. Globally, the International Diabetes Federation has estimated that approximately 387.0 millionpeople had diabetes in 2014 and approximately 592.0 million people will have diabetes by 2035.AFREZZA is a rapid-acting, inhaled insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The product consists of a dryformulation of human insulin delivered from a small and portable inhaler. Administered at the beginning of a meal, AFREZZA dissolves rapidly uponinhalation to the lung and delivers insulin quickly to the bloodstream. Peak insulin levels are achieved within 12–15 minutes of administration.On August 11, 2014, we executed a license and collaboration agreement (the “Sanofi License Agreement”) with Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH(which subsequently assigned its rights and obligations under the agreement to Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC (“Sanofi”)), pursuant to which Sanofi is responsiblefor global commercial, regulatory and development activities for AFREZZA. The Sanofi License Agreement became effective on September 23, 2014. Wemanufacture AFREZZA at our manufacturing facility in Danbury, 1®®®®Table of ContentsConnecticut to supply Sanofi’s demand for the product. In addition, we and Sanofi are planning to collaborate to expand manufacturing capacity to meetglobal demand as necessary.Under the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi paid us an up-front cash payment of $150.0 million in the third quarter of 2014. As of December 31, 2014, wehave earned an additional $50.0 million in milestone payments in connection with the satisfaction of specified manufacturing milestones. We are alsoeligible to receive up to $725.0 million in additional milestone payments under the Sanofi License Agreement if certain development, regulatory and salesmilestones are achieved. In addition, worldwide profits and losses, which are determined based on the difference between the net sales of AFREZZA and thecosts and expenses incurred by us and Sanofi that are specifically attributable or related to the development, regulatory filings, manufacturing, orcommercialization of AFREZZA, will be shared 65% by Sanofi and 35% by us. In connection with the Sanofi License Agreement, an affiliate of Sanofiprovided us with a secured loan facility (the “Sanofi Loan Facility”) of up to $175.0 million to fund our share of net losses under the Sanofi LicenseAgreement. As a result of the loss share provision, and because we do not have the ability to estimate the amount of costs that would potentially be incurredrelated to the Sanofi License Agreement, the amount of up-front cash payment that could be recognized, as revenue is not fixed or determinable.As part of the approval of AFREZZA, the FDA required us to conduct the following post-marketing studies: • A dose-ranging pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) glucose-clamp trial to characterize the dose-response of AFREZZA relative tosubcutaneous insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes; • A PK-PD glucose-clamp trial to characterize within-subject variability; • An open-label PK and multiple-dose safety and tolerability dose-titration trial of AFREZZA in pediatric patients ages 4 to 17 years with type 1diabetes, followed by a prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of prandial AFREZZA to prandialsubcutaneous insulin aspart used in combination with subcutaneous basal insulin in pediatric patients 4 to 17 years old with type 1 or type 2 diabetes;and • A five-year, randomized, controlled trial in 8,000-10,000 patients with type 2 diabetes to assess the potential serious risk of pulmonary malignancywith AFREZZA use.Pursuant to the Sanofi License Agreement, we transferred the approved new drug application (“NDA”) for AFREZZA to Sanofi following the closing of thetransaction. The obligation for conducting these required post-marketing studies now rests with Sanofi, as does the responsibility to conduct other clinicalstudies as may be required to obtain regulatory approval in other countries or for marketing purposes.On February 3, 2015, we and Sanofi announced that AFREZZA had become available by prescription in United States retail pharmacies.Manufacturing and SupplyOur primary role in our collaboration with Sanofi is to manufacture AFREZZA to meet Sanofi’s commercial demand as well as its requirements forongoing clinical studies of AFREZZA. We manufacture AFREZZA in our Danbury, Connecticut facility, where we formulate the AFREZZA inhalationpowder, fill it into plastic cartridges and then blister package the cartridges and seal the blister cards inside a foil overwrap. These overwraps are thenpackaged into cartons along with inhalers and printed material by a third-party packager. The cartridges and inhalers are manufactured for us by a third-partyplastic-molding company; the cartridges are delivered to our Connecticut facility whereas the inhalers are shipped directly to the packaging contractor.The quality management systems of our Connecticut facility were certified to be in conformance with the ISO 13485 and ISO 9001 standards. Our facilityhas been inspected twice by the FDA, once for a pre-approval inspection in the fall of 2009 and once for a regular inspection in May 2013. The FDA isexpected to conduct additional inspections of our facility.We believe that our Connecticut facility has enough capacity to satisfy the initial commercial demand for AFREZZA. We are currently operating a singlefilling line with the capacity to process 100-120 million 2Table of Contentscartridges per year, and have installed and preliminarily qualified two additional filling lines that will bring our annual fill/packing capacity to 300-360 million later this year. In addition, the facility includes expansion space to accommodate as many as 12 filling lines and other equipment, allowingproduction capacity to be increased based on the demand for AFREZZA over the next several years. Before the Connecticut facility reaches its maximumcapacity, we and Sanofi expect to coordinate the construction and qualification of an additional manufacturing facility, which may be owned and operatedby Sanofi.Currently, the only approved source of insulin for AFREZZA is manufactured by Amphastar France Pharmaceuticals S.A.S. (“Amphastar”). In April 2014,Amphastar acquired a manufacturing facility from N.V. Organon, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., where we had previously obtained the insulin that we useto make AFREZZA. On July 31, 2014, we entered into a supply agreement with Amphastar (the “Insulin Supply Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed topurchase certain annual minimum quantities of insulin for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately €120.1 million for calendar years 2015 through2019. We also may purchase additional quantities of insulin over such annual minimum quantities at our option. Unless earlier terminated, the term of theInsulin Supply Agreement expires on December 31, 2019 and can be renewed for additional, successive two year terms upon 12 months written notice givenprior to the end of the initial term or any additional two year term. We and Amphastar each have normal and customary termination rights, includingtermination for material breach that is not cured within a specific time frame or in the event of liquidation, bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. Inaddition, we may terminate the Insulin Supply Agreement upon two years’ prior written notice to Amphastar without cause or upon 30 days prior writtennotice to Amphastar if a controlling regulatory authority withdraws approval for AFREZZA, provided, however, in the event of a termination pursuant toeither of the latter two scenarios, the provisions of the Insulin Supply Agreement require us to pay the full amount of all unpaid purchase commitments dueover the initial term within 60 calendar days of the effective date of such termination.In addition to our supply relationship with Amphastar, we are working with Sanofi to qualify insulin manufactured by Sanofi as an additional source ofinsulin for AFREZZA.We also own a quantity of bulk insulin that we acquired in June 2009 from Pfizer Manufacturing Frankfurt GmbH, a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc., as well as anoption to purchase from Pfizer additional insulin inventory, in whole or in part, at a specified price, to the extent it remains available. The purchase price forthis insulin was fully expensed at the time of the purchase. To date, none of this insulin has been qualified as a source of insulin for AFREZZA.Currently, we purchase the raw material from which we produce Technosphere particles (fumaryl diketopiperazine (“FDKP”)) from a major chemicalmanufacturer with facilities in Europe and North America. We also have the capability of manufacturing this chemical ourselves in our Danbury facility,where we recently completed pilot-scale development batches of FDKP produced using a more streamlined and less costly process compared to earliercampaigns. We intend to transfer this more efficient process to a contract manufacturer for production of registration and validation batches of FDKP.We have a three-year supply agreement with the contract manufacturer that produces our inhaler and the corresponding cartridges. As demand increases,we intend to qualify an additional vendor of plastic-molding contract manufacturing services.We also have a three-year agreement with the contractor that performs the final packaging of AFREZZA overwraps, inhalers and printed material intopatient kits. As demand increases, we intend to qualify an additional vendor of packaging services.Our third-party suppliers are subject to extensive governmental regulation. We rely on our suppliers to comply with relevant regulatory requirements,including compliance with Quality System Regulations (“QSRs”).Technosphere Formulation Technology AFREZZA utilizes our proprietary Technosphere formulation technology; however, the application of this technology is not limited to insulin delivery.We believe it represents a versatile drug delivery platform that may 3Table of Contentsallow the oral inhalation of a wide range of therapeutics. We have successfully prepared Technosphere formulations of anionic and cationic drugs,hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, proteins, peptides, and small molecules. Technosphere powders are based on our proprietary excipient, FDKP, which is apH-sensitive organic molecule that self-assembles into small particles under acidic conditions. Certain drugs, such as insulin, can be loaded onto theseparticles by combining a solution of the drug with a suspension of Technosphere material, which is then dried to powder form. The resulting powder has aconsistent and narrow range of particle sizes with good aerodynamic properties that enable them to fly efficiently deep into the lungs. Technosphere powdersdissolve extremely fast after inhalation when the particles contact the moist lung surface with its neutral pH, releasing the drug molecules to diffuse across athin layer of cells into the arterial circulation, bypassing the liver to provide excellent systemic exposure.We have also created an innovative line of breath-powered, dry powder inhalers. Our inhalers are easy to use, cost-effective and can be produced in both areusable (chronic treatment) and a single-use (acute treatment) format. Both the reusable and single use inhaler formats use the same internal air-flow design.Being breath-powered, our inhalers require only the patient’s inhalation effort to deliver the powder. Patients are not required to activate the inhaler prior touse and no activation step with inhalation is required. To administer the inhalation powder, a patient loads a cartridge into our inhaler and inhales throughthe mouthpiece. Upon inhalation, the dry powder is lifted out of the cartridge and broken (or de-agglomerated) into small particles. The inhalers areengineered to produce an aggressive airstream to de-agglomerate the powder while keeping the powder moving slowly. This slow-moving powder effectivelynavigates the patient’s airways for delivery into the lung with minimal deposition at the back of the throat. Our inhalers show very little change inperformance over a wide range of inhalation efforts and produce high bioavailability. In a handling study, pediatric subjects as young as four years old werereadily able to use the inhaler.To aid in the development of our oral inhalation products, we have created a number of innovative development tools and techniques. For example, ourBluHale technology is a novel inhalation profiling tool that uses miniature acoustic sensors to assess the drug delivery process at the level of an individualinhaler. This tool provides real-time insight into patient usage, device system performance and pharmacokinetic effects. We can combine this tool with otherdevelopment tools, such as patient inhalation simulators and anatomically correct airway models, in order to integrate inhaler performance with formulationdevelopment right from the beginning of the development program. The result is a powder/inhaler combination product customized to the target patientpopulation from the first clinical study.Our StrategyThe following are the key elements of our strategy:Support the commercialization of AFREZZA. Our primary role in our collaboration with Sanofi for the commercialization of AFREZZA is to manufactureand supply AFREZZA as necessary based on the demand for the product in the United States and any other jurisdictions where Sanofi obtains regulatoryapproval. Through our participation in a joint committee and various working groups created as part of the alliance, we support Sanofi’s development andmarketing activities, gain alignment on patent strategy and coordinate other activities with Sanofi.Capitalize on our proprietary Technosphere and inhaler technology for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. We believe that Technosphereformulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients have the potential to demonstrate clinical advantages over existing therapeutic options in a variety oftherapeutic areas. We are actively exploring opportunities to out-license our proprietary Technosphere formulation and device technologies. We are alsoevaluating several product opportunities that we would consider developing as internally funded efforts.Sales and MarketingWe rely on Sanofi to conduct all sales and marketing activities related to AFREZZA. 4Table of ContentsWe depend on the success of Sanofi in performing under the Sanofi License Agreement, and we cannot be certain Sanofi will, devote sufficient resourcesto the commercialization of AFREZZA, or perform its obligations under the agreement. Any failure of Sanofi to perform its obligations or allocate sufficientresources to the commercialization of AFREZZA in a timely manner could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.Intellectual PropertyOur success will depend in large measure on our ability to obtain and enforce our intellectual property rights, effectively maintain our trade secrets andavoid infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. Our policy is to file patent applications on what we deem to be important technological developmentsthat might relate to our product candidates or methods of using our product candidates and to seek intellectual property protection in the United States,Europe, Japan and selected other jurisdictions for all significant inventions. We have obtained, are seeking, and will continue to seek patent protection onthe compositions of matter, methods and devices flowing from our research and development efforts.Our Technosphere drug delivery platform, including AFREZZA, enjoys patent protection relating to the particles, their manufacture, and their use forpulmonary delivery of drugs. We have additional patent coverage relating to the treatment of diabetes using AFREZZA. We have been granted patentcoverage for the commercial version of our inhaler and cartridges. We have additional pending patent applications, and expect to file further applications,relating to the drug delivery platform, methods of manufacture, the AFREZZA product and its use, and other Technosphere-based products, inhalers andinhaler cartridges. Overall, AFREZZA is protected by over 292 issued patents, and we also have over 230 pending applications in the United States andselected jurisdictions around the world that may provide additional protection if and when they are allowed. These include composition and inhaler andcartridge patents providing protection for AFREZZA with various expiration dates, the longer-lived of which will not expire until 2032. In addition, we havecertain method of treatment claims that have terms extending into 2026 and 2029.The field of pulmonary drug delivery is crowded and a substantial number of patents have been issued in these fields. In addition, because patentpositions can be highly uncertain and frequently involve complex legal and factual questions, the breadth of claims obtained in any application or theenforceability of issued patents cannot be confidently predicted. Further, there can be substantial delays in commercializing pharmaceutical products, whichcan partially consume the statutory period of exclusivity through patents.In addition, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before a patent is issued, either in the United States or abroad.Statutory differences in patentable subject matter may limit the protection we can obtain on some of our inventions outside of the United States. For example,methods of treating humans are not patentable in many countries outside of the United States. These and other issues may limit the patent protection we areable to secure internationally. Consequently, we do not know whether any of our pending or future patent applications will result in the issuance of patentsor, to the extent patents have been issued or will be issued, whether these patents will be subjected to further proceedings limiting their scope, will providesignificant proprietary protection or competitive advantage, or will be circumvented or invalidated. Furthermore, patents already issued to us or our pendingapplications may become subject to disputes that could be resolved against us. In addition, in certain countries, including the United States, applications aregenerally published 18 months after the application’s priority date. In any event, because publication of discoveries in scientific or patent literature oftentrails behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first inventor of the subject matter covered by our pending patent applications or thatwe were the first to file patent applications on such inventions.Although we own a number of domestic and foreign patents and patent applications relating to AFREZZA and our oral inhalation technologies, we haveidentified certain third-party patents having claims that may trigger an allegation of infringement by virtue of the commercial manufacture and sale ofAFREZZA. We believe that AFREZZA does not infringe any valid claims of any patent owned by a third party. However, if a court were to determine that themanufacture or sale of AFREZZA were infringing any of these patent rights, we would have to establish with the court that these patents were invalid in orderto avoid legal liability for infringement of these 5Table of Contentspatents. Proving patent invalidity can be difficult because issued patents are presumed valid. Therefore, in the event that we are unable to prevail in aninfringement or invalidity action we will either have to acquire the third-party patents outright or seek a royalty-bearing license. Royalty-bearing licenseseffectively increase costs and therefore may materially affect product profitability. Furthermore, if the patent holder refuses to either assign or license us theinfringed patents, it may be necessary to cease manufacturing the product entirely and/or design around the patents. In either event, our business would beharmed and our profitability could be materially adversely impacted. If third parties file patent applications, or are issued patents claiming technology alsoclaimed by us in pending applications, we may be required to participate in interference proceedings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office(“USPTO”) to determine priority of invention. We may also be required to participate in interference proceedings involving our issued patents.We also rely on trade secrets and know-how, which are not protected by patents, to maintain our competitive position. We require our officers, employees,consultants and advisors to execute proprietary information and invention and assignment agreements upon commencement of their relationships with us.These agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to the individual during the course of our relationship must be keptconfidential, except in specified circumstances. These agreements also provide that all inventions developed by the individual on behalf of us must beassigned to us and that the individual will cooperate with us in connection with securing patent protection on the invention if we wish to pursue suchprotection. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our inventions, trade secrets or other proprietaryinformation in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information.We also execute confidentiality agreements with outside collaborators. However, disputes may arise as to the ownership of proprietary rights to the extentthat outside collaborators apply technological information to our projects that are developed independently by them or others, or apply our technology tooutside projects, and there can be no assurance that any such disputes would be resolved in our favor. In addition, any of these parties may breach theagreements and disclose our confidential information or our competitors might learn of the information in some other way. If any trade secret, know-how orother technology not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our business, results of operations andfinancial condition could be adversely affected.CompetitionThe pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are highly competitive and characterized by rapidly evolving technology and intense research anddevelopment efforts. We expect to compete with companies, including major international pharmaceutical companies, and other institutions that havesubstantially greater financial, research and development, marketing and sales capabilities and have substantially greater experience in undertakingpreclinical and clinical testing of products, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing and selling biopharmaceutical products. We will face competitionbased on, among other things, product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope of regulatory approvals, product ease of use and price.Diabetes TreatmentsWe believe that AFREZZA has important competitive advantages in the delivery of insulin when compared with currently known alternatives. However,new drugs or further developments in alternative drug delivery methods may provide greater therapeutic benefits, or comparable benefits at lower cost, thanAFREZZA. There can be no assurance that existing or new competitors will not introduce products or processes competitive with or superior to our productcandidates.We have set forth below more detailed information about certain of our competitors. The following is based on information currently available to us.Rapid-acting (Injected) InsulinCurrently, there is no approved insulin product that is absorbed into the bloodstream as rapidly as AFREZZA, i.e., reaching peak levels within 12 to 15minutes after administration. There are several formulations of 6Table of Contents“rapid-acting” insulin analogs that reach peak insulin levels within 45 to 90 minutes after injection. The principal products in this category are insulin lispro,which is marketed by Eli Lilly & Company, or Lilly; insulin aspart, which is marketed by Novo Nordisk A/S, or Novo Nordisk; and insulin glulisine, which ismarketed by Sanofi.Several insulin products in development are reported to have a time-action profile that is more rapid than that of the currently available rapid-actinginsulin analogs. Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. has conducted Phase 2 clinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a formulation of human insulin oran insulin analog that is co-administered with human hyaluronidase enzyme. This enzyme temporarily degrades a naturally occurring, space-filling substancethat is a major component of normal tissues throughout the body, thereby facilitating the penetration and diffusion of insulin that is injected under the skin.Novo Nordisk is conducting Phase 3 clinical studies of NN1218, an insulin analog that is intended to provide faster onset of action than aspart.Biodel, Inc. has conducted a Phase 2 clinical trial of BIOD-123, a formulation of human insulin with certain excipients that increase the rate of absorptionfollowing injection.Inhaled Insulin Delivery SystemsIn January 2006, Exubera, developed by Pfizer in collaboration with Nektar Therapeutics, Inc., was approved for the treatment of adults with type 1 andtype 2 diabetes. Exubera was slow to gain market acceptance and, in October 2007, Pfizer announced that it was discontinuing the product. In September2008, we announced a collaboration agreement with Pfizer pursuant to which certain patients with a continuing medical need for inhaled insulin weretransitioned to AFREZZA on a compassionate use basis. Pfizer subsequently withdrew the NDA for Exubera from the FDA.In January 2008, Novo Nordisk announced that it was halting development of its inhaled insulin product, having reached the conclusion that the productdid not have adequate commercial potential.In March 2008, Lilly announced that it was terminating the development of its AIR inhaled insulin system. Lilly stated that this decision resulted fromincreasing uncertainties in the regulatory environment and after a thorough evaluation of the evolving commercial and clinical potential of its productcompared to existing medical therapies.In August 2013, Dance Biopharm, Inc. announced that it had conducted a Phase 1/2 clinical study of an inhaled insulin product that utilizes a liquidformulation of human insulin, dispensed through a handheld electronic aerosol device.Non-insulin MedicationsWe expect that AFREZZA will compete with currently available non-insulin medication products for type 2 diabetes. These products include thefollowing: • GLP-1 agonists, such as exenatide or liraglutide, which mimic a naturally occurring hormone that stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin when bloodglucose levels are high. • Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, such as sitagliptin or saxagliptin, are a class of drugs that work by blocking the enzyme that normally degradesGLP-1. • Sulfonylureas and meglitinides, which are classes of drugs that act on the pancreatic cells to stimulate the secretion of insulin. • Thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitizone, and biguanides, such as metformin, which lower blood glucose by improving the sensitivity of cells toinsulin, or diminishing insulin resistance. • Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which lower the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines, thereby reducing the rise in blood glucose that occursafter a meal. • SGLT-2 inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin and canagliflozin, are a class of medications that lower blood glucose by increasing glucose excretion inurine. 7®®®Table of ContentsGovernment Regulation and Product ApprovalThe FDA and comparable regulatory agencies in state, local and foreign jurisdictions impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development,manufacture and marketing of medical devices and new drug and biologic products. These agencies, through regulations that implement the Federal Food,Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (“FDCA”), and other regulations, regulate research and development activities and the development, testing,manufacture, labeling, storage, shipping, approval, recordkeeping, advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of such products. In addition, if any of ourproducts are marketed abroad, they will also be subject to export requirements and to regulation by foreign governments. The regulatory approval process isgenerally lengthy, expensive and uncertain. Failure to comply with applicable FDA and other regulatory requirements can result in sanctions being imposedon us or the manufacturers of our products, including hold letters on clinical research, civil or criminal fines or other penalties, product recalls, or seizures, ortotal or partial suspension of production or injunctions, refusals to permit products to be imported into or exported out of the United States, refusals of theFDA to grant approval of drugs or to allow us to enter into government supply contracts, withdrawals of previously approved marketing applications andcriminal prosecutions.The steps typically required before an unapproved new drug or biologic product for use in humans may be marketed in the United States include: • Preclinical studies that include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry and formulation, as well as animal studies to assess the potential safety andefficacy of the product. Certain preclinical tests must be conducted in compliance with good laboratory practice regulations. Violations of theseregulations can, in some cases, lead to invalidation of the studies, or requiring such studies to be repeated. In some cases, long-term preclinical studiesare conducted while clinical studies are ongoing. • Submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application (“IND”), which must become effective before human clinical trials may commence.The results of the preclinical studies are submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Unless the FDA objects, the IND becomes effective 30 days followingreceipt by the FDA. • Approval of clinical protocols by independent institutional review boards (“IRBs”) at each of the participating clinical centers conducting a study. TheIRBs consider, among other things, ethical factors, the potential risks to individuals participating in the trials and the potential liability of theinstitution. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trial participants. • Adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product. Clinical trials involve the administration of thedrug to healthy volunteers or to patients under the supervision of a qualified medical investigator according to an approved protocol. The clinical trialsare conducted in accordance with protocols that detail the objectives of the study, the parameters to be used to monitor participant safety and efficacyor other criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol is submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Human clinical trials are typically conducted in thefollowing four sequential phases that may overlap or be combined: • In Phase 1, the drug is initially introduced into a small number of individuals and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism,distribution and excretion. Phase 1 clinical trials are often conducted in healthy human volunteers and such cases do not provide evidence of efficacy.In the case of severe or life-threatening diseases, the initial human testing is often conducted in patients rather than healthy volunteers. Because thesepatients already have the target disease, these studies may provide initial evidence of efficacy that would traditionally be obtained in Phase 2 clinicaltrials. Consequently, these types of trials are frequently referred to as Phase 1/2 clinical trials. The FDA receives reports on the progress of each phase ofclinical testing and it may require the modification, suspension or termination of clinical trials if it concludes that an unwarranted risk is presented topatients or healthy volunteers. • Phase 2 involves clinical trials in a limited patient population to further identify any possible adverse effects and safety risks, to determine the efficacyof the product for specific targeted diseases and to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage. 8Table of Contents • Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to further evaluate dosage, clinical efficacy and to further test for safety in an expanded patient population atgeographically dispersed clinical study sites. Phase 3 clinical trials usually include a broader patient population so that safety and efficacy can besubstantially established. Phase 3 clinical trials cannot begin until Phase 2 evaluation demonstrates that a dosage range of the product may be effectiveand has an acceptable safety profile. • Phase 4 clinical trials are performed if the FDA requires, or a company pursues, additional clinical trials after a product is approved. These clinical trialsmay be made a condition to be satisfied after a drug receives approval. The results of Phase 4 clinical trials can confirm the effectiveness of a productand can provide important safety information to augment the FDA’s voluntary adverse event reporting system. • Concurrent with clinical trials and preclinical studies, companies also must develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of thedrug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance with the FDA’s current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, requirementsfor drug products. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the product and the manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity, and potency of the final products. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested andchemistry stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf-life. • Submission to the FDA of an NDA based on the clinical trials. The results of product development, preclinical studies, and clinical trials are submittedto the FDA in the form of an NDA for approval of the marketing and commercial shipment of the product. Under the Pediatric Research Equity Act,NDAs are required to include an assessment, generally based on clinical study data, of the safety and efficacy of drugs for all relevant pediatricpopulations. The statute provides for waivers or deferrals in certain situations.In its review of an NDA, the FDA may also convene an advisory committee of external experts to provide input on certain review issues relating to risk,benefit and interpretation of clinical trial data. The FDA may delay approval of an NDA if applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied and/or the FDArequires additional testing or information. Before approving an NDA, the FDA may inspect the facilities at which the product is manufactured and will notapprove the product unless the manufacturing facility complies with cGMPs and will also inspect clinical trial sites for integrity of data supporting safety andefficacy. The FDA will issue either an approval of the NDA or a Complete Response Letter, detailing the deficiencies and information required in order forreconsideration of the NDA.Medical products containing a combination of new drugs, biological products, or medical devices are regulated as “combination products” in the UnitedStates. A combination product generally is defined as a product comprised of components from two or more regulatory categories (e.g., drug/device,device/biologic, drug/biologic). Each component of a combination product is subject to the requirements established by the FDA for that type of component,whether a new drug, biologic, or device.The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources. Data that we submit are subject to varying interpretations, andthe FDA and comparable regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions may not agree that our product candidates have been shown to be safe and effective.We cannot be certain that any approval of our products will be granted on a timely basis, if at all. If any of our products are approved for marketing by theFDA, we will be subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including record-keeping requirements, reporting of adverse experiences with the product,submitting other periodic reports, drug sampling and distribution requirements, notifying the FDA and gaining its approval of certain manufacturing orlabeling changes, and complying with certain electronic records and signature requirements. Prior to and following approval, if granted, all manufacturingsites are subject to inspection by the FDA and other national regulatory bodies and must comply with cGMP, QSR and other requirements enforced by theFDA and other national regulatory bodies through their facilities inspection program. Foreign manufacturing establishments must comply with similarregulations. In addition, our drug-manufacturing facilities located in Danbury and the facilities of our insulin supplier, the supplier(s) of our Technospherematerial and the supplier(s) of our inhaler and cartridges are subject to federal registration and listing requirements and, if applicable, to state licensingrequirements. 9Table of ContentsFailure, including those of our suppliers, to obtain and maintain applicable federal registrations or state licenses, or to meet the inspection criteria of the FDAor the other national regulatory bodies, would disrupt our manufacturing processes and would harm our business. In complying with standards set forth inthese regulations, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to ensure full compliance.Numerous device regulatory requirements apply to the device part of a drug-device combination. These include: • product labeling regulations; • general prohibition against promoting products for unapproved or “off-label” uses; • corrections and removals (e.g., recalls); • establishment registration and device listing; • general prohibitions against the manufacture and distribution of adulterated and misbranded devices; and • the Medical Device Reporting regulation, which requires that manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a deathor serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur.Further, the company we contract with to manufacture our inhaler and cartridges will be subject to the QSR, which requires manufacturers to followelaborate design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during the manufacturing process of medical devices, among otherrequirements.Failure to adhere to regulatory requirements at any stage of development, including the preclinical and clinical testing process, the review process, or atany time afterward, including after approval, may result in various adverse consequences. These consequences include action by the FDA or another nationalregulatory body that has the effect of delaying approval or refusing to approve a product; suspending or withdrawing an approved product from the market;seizing or recalling a product; or imposing criminal penalties against the manufacturer. In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems mayresult in restrictions on a product, its manufacturer, or the NDA holder, or market restrictions through labeling changes or product withdrawal. Also, newgovernment requirements may be established or current government requirements may be changed at any time, which could delay or prevent regulatoryapproval of our products under development. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse governmental regulation that might arise fromfuture legislative or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad.In addition, the FDA imposes a number of complex regulations on entities that advertise and promote drugs, which include, among other requirements,standards for and regulations of direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry sponsored scientific and educational activities, andpromotional activities involving the Internet. The FDA has very broad enforcement authority under the FDCA, and failure to comply with these regulationscan result in penalties, including the issuance of a warning letter requirements for corrective advertising to healthcare providers, a requirement that futureadvertising and promotional materials be pre-cleared by the FDA, and state and federal civil and criminal investigations and prosecutions.Products manufactured in the United States and marketed outside the United States are subject to certain FDA regulations, as well as regulation by thecountry in which the products are to be sold. We also would be subject to foreign regulatory requirements governing clinical trials and drug product sales ifproducts are studied or marketed abroad. Whether or not FDA approval has been obtained, approval of a product by the comparable regulatory authorities offoreign countries usually must be obtained prior to the marketing of the product in those countries. The approval process varies from jurisdiction tojurisdiction and the time required may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval.There can be no assurance that the current regulatory framework will not change or that additional regulation will not arise at any stage of our productdevelopment or marketing that may affect approval, delay the submission or review of an application or require additional expenditures by us. There can beno assurance that 10Table of Contentswe will be able to obtain necessary regulatory clearances or approvals on a timely basis, if at all, for any of our product candidates under development, anddelays in receipt or failure to receive such clearances or approvals, the loss of previously received clearances or approvals, or failure to comply with existingor future regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.In addition to the foregoing, we are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws relating to such matters as laboratory practices, the experimental useof animals, the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances, controlled drug substances, privacy of individually identifiable healthcareinformation, safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection and fire hazard control.Healthcare Regulatory and Pharmaceutical PricingGovernment coverage and reimbursement policies both directly and indirectly affect our ability to successfully commercialize our approved products, andsuch coverage and reimbursement policies will be affected by future healthcare reform measures. Government health administration authorities, private healthinsurers and other organizations generally decide which drugs they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels for healthcare. In particular, in theUnited States, private health insurers and other third-party payors often provide reimbursement for products and services based on the level at which thegovernment (through the Medicare or Medicaid programs) provides reimbursement for such treatments. In the United States, the European Union and otherpotentially significant markets for our product candidates, government authorities and third-party payors are increasingly attempting to limit or regulate theprice of medical products and services, particularly for new and innovative products and therapies, which has resulted in lower average selling prices. Further,the increased emphasis on managed healthcare in the United States and on country and regional pricing and reimbursement controls in the European Unionwill put additional pressure on product pricing, reimbursement and usage, which may adversely affect our future product sales and results of operations.These pressures can arise from rules and practices of managed care groups, judicial decisions and governmental laws and regulations related to Medicare,Medicaid and healthcare reform, pharmaceutical reimbursement policies and pricing in general.The United States and some foreign jurisdictions have enacted or are considering a number of additional legislative and regulatory proposals to changethe healthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the U.S. and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expandingaccess. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislativeinitiatives, including, most recently, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education AffordabilityReconciliation Act, or collectively, the ACA, enacted in March 2010. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act within the ACA, and its implementingregulations, require certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biological and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or theChildren’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) to report information related to certain payments or other transfers of value made or distributedto physicians and teaching hospitals, or to entities or individuals at the request of, or designated on behalf of, the physicians and teaching hospitals and toreport annually certain ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members.Further, if a drug product is reimbursed by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state healthcare programs, we must comply with the False Claims Act, asamended, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, as amended, and similar state laws. If a drug product is reimbursed by Medicare or Medicaid, pricing and rebateprograms must comply with, as applicable, the Medicaid rebate requirements of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, as amended, and theMedicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. Additionally, the ACA substantially changed the way healthcare is financed byboth governmental and private insurers. Among other cost containment measures, the ACA established: an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity thatmanufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents; a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program; and a new formulathat increased the rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. In the future, there may continue to be additional proposalsrelating to the reform of the U.S. health care system, some of which could further limit the prices we are able to charge for our 11Table of Contentsproducts, or the amounts of reimbursement available for our products. If drug products are made available to authorized users of the Federal Supply Scheduleof the General Services Administration, additional laws and requirements apply. All of these activities are also potentially subject to federal and stateconsumer protection and unfair competition laws.In addition, we may be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business.HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and its implementing regulations, imposes certainrequirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’sprivacy and security standards directly applicable to “business associates” — independent contractors or agents of covered entities that receive or obtainprotected health information in connection with providing a service on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penaltiesthat may be imposed against covered entities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civilactions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civilactions. In addition, state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other insignificant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Also, many states have similar healthcare statutes or regulations that apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or,in several states, that apply regardless of the payer. Additional state laws require pharmaceutical companies to implement a comprehensive complianceprogram and/or limit expenditure for, or payments to, individual medical or health professionals.We may incur significant costs to comply with these laws and regulations now or in the future. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of thefederal and state laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including criminal andsignificant civil monetary penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment, exclusion of products from reimbursement under government programs, and thecurtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.Research and Development Expenses; Long-Lived AssetsA significant portion of our operating expenses relates to research and development. Our research and development expenses totaled $100.2 million,$109.7 million, and $101.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. We began commercial manufacturing in the latterpart of the fourth quarter of 2014. As such, commercial manufacturing costs incurred in the fourth quarter and included in research and development asmanufacturing expenses are immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2014.Our long-lived assets are located in the United States and totaled $192.1 million, $176.6 million, and $184.0 million as of December 31, 2014, 2013, and2012, respectively.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2014, we had 287 full-time employees. Six of these employees were engaged in basic research and development, 151 inmanufacturing, 70 in clinical research and development, regulatory affairs and quality assurance and 60 in administration, finance, management, informationsystems, marketing, corporate development and human resources. Twenty-six of these employees had a Ph.D. degree and/or M.D. degree and were engaged inactivities relating to research and development, manufacturing, quality assurance or business development.None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We believe relations with our employees are good.Corporate InformationWe were incorporated in the State of Delaware on February 14, 1991. Our principal executive offices are located at 28903 North Avenue Paine, Valencia,California 91355, and our telephone number at that address is 12Table of Contents(661) 775-5300. MannKind Corporation and the MannKind Corporation logo are our service marks. Our website address is http://www.mannkindcorp.com.Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonablypracticable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this AnnualReport. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual reference only.Scientific AdvisorsWe seek advice from a number of leading scientists and physicians on scientific, technical and medical matters. These advisors are leading scientists in theareas of pharmacology, chemistry, immunology and biology. Our scientific advisors are consulted regularly to assess, among other things: • our research and development programs; • the design and implementation of our clinical programs; • our patent and publication strategies; • market opportunities from a clinical perspective; • new technologies relevant to our research and development programs; and • specific scientific and technical issues relevant to our business.Executive Officers of the RegistrantThe following table sets forth our current executive officers and their ages as of December 31, 2014: Name Age Position(s)Hakan S. Edstrom 64 President, Chief Executive Officer and DirectorMatthew J. Pfeffer 57 Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial OfficerJuergen A. Martens, Ph.D. 59 Corporate Vice President, Chief Operating OfficerDiane M. Palumbo 61 Corporate Vice President, Human ResourcesDavid B. Thomson, Ph.D., J.D 48 Corporate Vice President, General Counsel and SecretaryHakan S. Edstrom has served as our president and one of our directors since 2001 and as our chief executive officer since January 2015. From 2001 untilJanuary 2015, he also served as our Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Edstrom was with Bausch & Lomb, Inc., a health care product company, from January 1998to April 2001, advancing to the position of Senior Corporate Vice President and President of Bausch & Lomb, Inc. Americas Region. From 1981 to 1997,Mr. Edstrom was with Pharmacia Corporation, where he held various executive positions, including President and Chief Executive Officer of PharmaciaOphthalmics Inc. Mr. Edstrom was educated in Sweden and holds a master’s degree in Business Administration from the Stockholm School of Economics.Matthew J. Pfeffer has been our Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since April 2008. Previously, Mr. Pfeffer served as Chief FinancialOfficer and Senior Vice President of Finance and Administration of VaxGen, Inc. from March 2006 until April 2008, with responsibility for finance, tax,treasury, human resources, IT, purchasing and facilities functions. Prior to VaxGen, Mr. Pfeffer served as CFO of Cell Genesys, Inc. During his nine year tenureat Cell Genesys, Mr. Pfeffer served as Director of Finance before being named CFO in 1998. Prior to that, Mr. Pfeffer served in a variety of financialmanagement positions at other companies, including roles as Corporate Controller, Manager of Internal Audit and Manager of Financial Reporting.Mr. Pfeffer began his career at Price Waterhouse. Mr. Pfeffer graduated from the University of California, Berkeley and is a Certified Public Accountant.Juergen A. Martens, Ph.D. has been our Chief Operating Officer since January 2015 and, before that, was our Corporate Vice President of Operations andChief Technology Officer since September 2005. From 2000 to August 2005, he was employed by Nektar Therapeutics most recently as Vice President ofPharmaceutical 13Table of ContentsTechnology Development. Previously, he held technical management positions at Aerojet Fine Chemicals from 1998 to 2000 and at FMC Corporation from1996 to 1998. From 1987 to 1996, Dr. Martens held a variety of management positions with increased responsibility in R&D, plant management, andbusiness process development at Lonza, in Switzerland and in the United States. Dr. Martens holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from theTechnical College Mannheim/Germany, a bachelor’s and master’s degree in Chemistry and a doctorate in Physical Chemistry from the University ofMarburg/Germany.Diane M. Palumbo has been our Corporate Vice President of Human Resources since November 2004. From July 2003 to November 2004, she wasPresident of her own human resources consulting company. From June 1991 to July 2003, Ms. Palumbo held various positions with Amgen, Inc., a California-based biopharmaceutical company, including Senior Director, Human Resources. In addition, Ms. Palumbo has held Human Resources positions with Unisysand Mitsui Bank Ltd. of Tokyo. She holds a master’s degree in Business Administration from St. John’s University, New York and a bachelor’s degree, magnacum laude, also from St. John’s University.David B. Thomson, Ph.D., J.D. has been our Corporate Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since January 2002. Prior to joining us, hepracticed corporate/commercial and securities law at a major Toronto law firm. Earlier in his career, Dr. Thomson was a post-doctoral fellow at the RockefellerUniversity. Dr. Thomson obtained his bachelor’s degree, master’s degree and Ph.D. degree from Queens University and obtained his J.D. degree from theUniversity of Toronto.Executive officers serve at the discretion of our Board of Directors. There are no family relationships between any of our directors and executive officers.Item 1A. Risk FactorsYou should consider carefully the following information about the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this AnnualReport before you decide to buy or maintain an investment in our common stock or other securities. We believe the risks described below are the risks thatare material to us as of the date of this Annual Report. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of may also become important factors thataffect us. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely bematerially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock and other securities could decline, and you may lose all orpart of the money you paid to buy our common stock or other securities.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe depend heavily on the successful commercialization of our only approved product, AFREZZA.We have expended significant time, money and effort in the development of our only approved product, AFREZZA. We anticipate that in the near term,our ability to generate revenues will depend on the successful commercialization of AFREZZA. On August 11, 2014, we executed the Sanofi LicenseAgreement, which became effective on September 23, 2014. Pursuant to the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi is responsible for global commercial,regulatory and development activities for AFREZZA and we are responsible for manufacturing AFREZZA at our facility in Danbury, Connecticut to supplySanofi’s demand for the product. On February 3, 2015, we and Sanofi announced that AFREZZA had become available by prescription in United States retailpharmacies. We and Sanofi must receive the necessary approvals from foreign regulatory agencies before AFREZZA can be marketed outside of the UnitedStates.Even with such regulatory approval, we and Sanofi, ultimately may be unable to gain market acceptance of AFREZZA for a variety of reasons, includingthe treatment and dosage regimen, potential adverse effects, the availability of alternative treatments and lack of coverage or adequate reimbursement. If wefail to commercialize AFREZZA successfully, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.We have sought to develop our other product candidates through our internal research programs. All of our product candidates will require additionalresearch and development and, in some cases, significant preclinical, 14Table of Contentsclinical and other testing prior to seeking regulatory approval to market them. Accordingly, these product candidates will not be commercially available for anumber of years, if at all.A significant portion of the research that we have conducted involves new technologies, including our Technosphere platform technology. Even if ourresearch programs identify product candidates that initially show promise, these candidates may fail to progress to clinical development for any number ofreasons, including discovery upon further research that these candidates have adverse effects or other characteristics that indicate they are unlikely to beeffective. In addition, the clinical results we obtain at one stage are not necessarily indicative of future testing results. If we fail to develop and commercializeour other product candidates, or if we are significantly delayed in doing so, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed and themarket price of our common stock and other securities could decline.We are dependent on our collaboration with Sanofi to further develop and to commercialize AFREZZA worldwide. This collaboration places thedevelopment and commercialization largely outside our control, and poor performance under or failure to maintain the collaboration agreementbetween us and Sanofi could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price ofour common stock and other securities could decline.We entered into the Sanofi License Agreement to provide for the future development and commercialization of AFREZZA. We cannot be certain that ourcollaboration with Sanofi will continue for as long as there is a potential market for AFREZZA. Both we and Sanofi have certain rights to terminate thecollaboration agreement, in certain circumstances, including a right by Sanofi to terminate the agreement upon specified prior written notice. If the agreementis terminated prior to the end of the commercial life of AFREZZA, we may not be able to find another collaborator for the development andcommercialization of AFREZZA, and even if we elected to pursue further development and commercialization of AFREZZA on our own, we might not beable to do so successfully and would experience substantially increased capital requirements that we might not be able to fund. Our dependence on Sanofiand the Sanofi License Agreement subjects us to a number of risks, including: • Sanofi may not perform as expected and we may not be able to control the amount and timing of resources that Sanofi may devote to the developmentor commercialization of AFREZZA; moreover, Sanofi may elect to prioritize its other insulin products over AFREZZA; • we and Sanofi could disagree as to commercialization and development plans and Sanofi may delay clinical trials or stop a clinical trial; • there may be disputes between us and Sanofi, including disagreements regarding the Sanofi License Agreement, that may result in (a) the delay of (orprevent entirely) the achievement of regulatory and commercial objectives that would result in milestone payments, (b) the delay or termination of thedevelopment or commercialization of AFREZZA, and/or (c) costly litigation or arbitration that diverts our management’s attention and resources; • Sanofi may not comply with applicable regulatory guidelines with respect to the development or commercialization of AFREZZA, which couldadversely impact the development of or sales of AFREZZA and could result in administrative or judicially imposed sanctions, including warningletters, civil and criminal penalties, injunctions, product seizures or detention, product recalls, total or partial suspension of production and refusal toapprove any new drug applications; • Sanofi may not provide us with timely and accurate information regarding sales activities and supply forecasts, which could adversely impact ourability to comply with our manufacturing and supply obligations under our supply agreement with Sanofi and our and Sanofi’s ability tocommercialize AFREZZA; • Sanofi may experience financial difficulties; • business combinations or significant changes in Sanofi’s business strategy may also adversely affect Sanofi’s ability to perform its obligations underthe Sanofi License Agreement; 15Table of Contents • Sanofi may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigationthat could jeopardize or invalidate our proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation; and • notwithstanding the non-competition requirements in the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi could independently move forward with a competingproduct candidate developed either independently or in collaboration with others, including our competitors.Any failure of Sanofi to adequately perform its obligations under the Sanofi License Agreement or the termination of such agreement could have amaterial and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our common stock and other securitiescould decline.We have a history of operating losses, we expect to continue to incur losses and we may never generate positive cash flow from operations.We have never been profitable or generated positive cash flow from cumulative operations to date and, as of December 31, 2014, we had an accumulateddeficit of $2.5 billion. The accumulated deficit has resulted principally from costs incurred in our research and development programs, the write-off ofgoodwill and general operating expenses. We expect to make substantial expenditures and to incur increasing operating losses in the future in order tosupport the commercialization of AFREZZA, including costs and expenses to manufacture AFREZZA on a commercial scale. In addition, we have agreed topurchase annual minimum quantities of insulin under the Insulin Supply Agreement with Amphastar in the aggregate of approximately €120.1 million incalendar years 2015 through 2019. We may not have the necessary capital resources on hand in order to service this contractual commitment, and we maybecome obligated to make additional payments under the Insulin Supply Agreement in the event of its termination under certain scenarios. Our cumulativenet loss may therefore increase significantly.To date, we have received cash payments from Sanofi but have deferred revenue recognition of such payments. We will continue to defer revenuerecognition of future milestone payments as and to the extent appropriate under applicable revenue recognition rules. Accordingly, even if we continue toearn and receive milestone payments, revenue recognition may continue to be deferred and our cumulative net loss may therefore be higher than it would beif we recognized the full amount of the milestone payments upon receipt.Our losses have had, and are expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on our working capital, total assets and stockholders’ equity. As ofDecember 31, 2014, we had stockholders’ deficit of $73.8 million. Our ability to achieve and sustain positive cash flow from operations and profitabilitydepends upon successfully commercializing AFREZZA in collaboration with Sanofi. We may not generate positive cash flow from operations or be profitableeven if we succeed in commercializing any of our product candidates. As a result, we cannot be sure when we will generate positive cash flow from operationsor become profitable, if at all.In the future we may need to raise additional capital to fund our operations.In the future, we may need to raise additional capital, whether through the sale of equity or debt securities, additional strategic business collaborations, theestablishment of other funding facilities, licensing arrangements, asset sales or other means, in order to support our ongoing activities related to thecommercialization of AFREZZA and the development of other product candidates. It may be difficult for us to raise additional funds on favorable terms, or atall. As of December 31, 2014, we had stockholders’ deficit of $73.8 million, which may raise concerns about our solvency and affect our ability to raiseadditional capital. The extent of our additional funding requirements will depend on a number of factors, including: • the election of any or all of the holders of our 5.75% Senior Convertible Notes due 2015 (the “2015 notes”), the 9.75% Senior Convertible Notes due2019 issued to Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. (“Deerfield Private Design Fund”) and Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P. (collectively,“Deerfield”) (the “2019 notes”) and the 8.75% Senior Convertible Notes due 2019 issued to Deerfield (the “Tranche B notes”) to require us to repay orrepurchase such debt securities if and when required; 16Table of Contents • our ability to repay or refinance existing indebtedness, including indebtedness under the 2015 notes which mature in August 2015; and the extent towhich the 2015 notes or any other convertible debt securities we may issue are converted into shares of our common stock; • the rate of progress and costs of our clinical studies and research and development activities; • the costs of procuring raw materials and operating our manufacturing facilities; • our obligation to make milestone payments pursuant to the milestone rights issued to Deerfield Private Design Fund and Horizon Santé FLML SÁRLand pursuant to the Milestone Rights Purchase Agreement dated July 1, 2013 (the “Milestone Agreement”); • our obligation to bear our share of net losses under the Sanofi License Agreement; • our success in establishing strategic business collaborations or other sales or licensing of assets, and the timing and amount of any payments we mightreceive from any such transactions; • the degree of success in commercializing AFREZZA; • actions taken by the FDA and other regulatory authorities affecting AFREZZA and our product candidates and competitive products; • the emergence of competing technologies and products and other market developments; • the costs of preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights or defending against claims ofinfringement by others; • the level of our legal and litigation expenses; and • the costs of discontinuing projects and technologies, and/or decommissioning existing facilities, if we undertake any such activities.We have raised capital in the past through the sale of equity and debt securities and we may in the future pursue the sale of additional equity and/or debtsecurities, including sales of our common stock through our at-the-market sales agreements, or the establishment of other funding facilities including asset-based borrowings. There can be no assurances, however, that we will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all. Issuances of additionaldebt or equity securities or the conversion of any of our currently outstanding convertible debt securities into shares of our common stock or the exercise ofour currently outstanding warrants for shares of our common stock could impact the rights of the holders of our common stock and may dilute their ownershippercentage. Moreover, the establishment of other funding facilities may impose restrictions on our operations. These restrictions could include limitations onadditional borrowing and specific restrictions on the use of our assets, as well as prohibitions on our ability to create liens, pay dividends, redeem our stock ormake investments. We also may seek to raise additional capital by pursuing opportunities for the licensing or sale of certain intellectual property and otherassets. We cannot offer assurances, however, that any strategic collaborations, sales of securities or sales or licenses of assets will be available to us on atimely basis or on acceptable terms, if at all. We may be required to enter into relationships with third parties to develop or commercialize products ortechnologies that we otherwise would have sought to develop independently, and any such relationships may not be on terms as commercially favorable tous as might otherwise be the case.In the event that sufficient additional funds are not obtained through strategic collaboration opportunities, sales of securities, funding facilities, licensingarrangements and/or asset sales on a timely basis, we may be required to reduce expenses through the delay, reduction or curtailment of our projects, orfurther reduction of costs for facilities and administration. As of the date hereof, we have not obtained a solvency opinion or otherwise conducted a valuationof our properties to determine whether our debts exceed the fair value of our property within the meaning of applicable solvency laws. If we are or becomeinsolvent, holders of our common stock or other securities may lose the entire value of their investment.We cannot provide assurances that changed or unexpected circumstances, including, among other things, delays in manufacturing AFREZZA on acommercial scale, will not result in the depletion of our capital 17Table of Contentsresources more rapidly than we currently anticipate, in which case we may be required to raise additional capital. There can be no assurances that we will beable to raise additional capital, if needed, on favorable terms, or at all. If we need but cannot raise adequate additional capital in the future we will be requiredto reduce expenses through the delay, reduction or curtailment of our projects, or further reduction of costs for facilities and administration, and there couldbe substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.We have a substantial amount of debt pursuant to the 2015 notes, 2019 notes, Tranche B notes, and our loan arrangement with The Mann Group LLC,may incur additional indebtedness under such loan arrangement as well as the Sanofi Loan Facility and may be unable to make required payments ofinterest and principal as they become due.As of December 31, 2014, we had $229.5 million principal amount of outstanding debt, consisting of: • $100.0 million principal amount of 2015 notes bearing interest at 5.75% per annum and maturing on August 15, 2015; • $60.0 million principal amount of 2019 notes bearing interest at 9.75% per annum, $5.0 million of which is due and payable in July 2016, $15.0million of which is due and payable in July 2017, $15.0 million of which is due and payable in July 2018 and $25.0 million of which is due andpayable in July and December 2019; • $20.0 million principal amount of Tranche B notes bearing interest at 8.75% per annum, $5.0 million of which is due and payable in each of May2017, 2018 and 2019, the balance of which is due and payable in December 2019; and • $49.5 million principal amount of indebtedness under the loan arrangement, dated as of October 2, 2007, between us and The Mann Group LLC (asamended, restated or otherwise modified as of the date hereof, the “Loan Arrangement”) bearing interest at 5.84% and maturing and due on January 5,2020.In addition, we may borrow up to an aggregate $175.0 million pursuant to the Sanofi Loan Facility to fund our share of net losses under the Sanofi LicenseAgreement, $3.0 million, and an additional $30.1 million under the Loan Arrangement. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient resources tomake any required repayments of principal under the 2015 notes, 2019 notes or Tranche B notes when required. Further, if we undergo a fundamental change,as that term is defined in the indentures governing the terms of the 2015 notes, or certain Major Transactions as defined in our facility agreement withDeerfield dated July 1, 2013 (as amended, the “Facility Agreement”) in respect of the 2019 notes and the Tranche B notes, the holders of the respective debtsecurities will have the option to require us to repurchase all or any portion of such debt securities at a repurchase price of 100% of the principal amount ofsuch debt securities to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. The 2015 notes bear interest at the rate of 5.75% per year on the outstandingprincipal amount, payable in cash semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, and the 2019 notes bear interest at the rate of9.75% per year on the outstanding principal amount, payable in cash quarterly in arrears on the last business day of March, June, September and December ofeach year. The Tranche B notes bear interest at the rate of 8.75% on the outstanding principal amount, payable in cash quarterly in arrears on the last businessday of March, June, September and December of each year. Loans under the Sanofi Loan Facility bear interest at a rate of 8.5% per annum, paid-in-kind on aquarterly basis (2.06% per quarter compounded). Loans under the Loan Arrangement accrue interest at a rate of 5.84% per annum, due and payable quarterlyin arrears on the first day of each calendar quarter for the preceding quarter, or at such other time as we and The Mann Group LLC mutually agree. While wehave been able to timely make our required interest payments to date, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in the future. If we fail to pay intereston the 2015 notes, 2019 notes, Tranche B notes, or on the loans under the Sanofi Loan Facility, or if we fail to repay or repurchase the 2015 notes, 2019notes, Tranche B notes, or the loans under the Sanofi Loan Facility when required, we will be in default under the indenture or other applicable instrument forsuch debt securities or loans, and may also suffer an event of default under the terms of other borrowing arrangements that we may enter into from time totime. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, up to and including the noteholders initiating bankruptcy proceedings or causing us to cease operations altogether. 18Table of ContentsThe agreements governing our indebtedness contain covenants that we may not be able to meet and place restrictions on our operating and financialflexibility.Our obligations under the Facility Agreement, including any indebtedness under the 2019 notes and the Tranche B notes, and the Milestone Agreementare secured by substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property, accounts receivables, equipment, general intangibles, inventory (excludingthe insulin inventory) and investment property, and all of the proceeds and products of the foregoing. Our obligations under the Facility Agreement and theMilestone Agreement are also secured by a certain mortgage on our facility in Danbury, Connecticut. Our obligations under the Sanofi Loan Facility aresecured by a first priority mortgage on our facility in Valencia, California, a first priority security interest in certain insulin inventory located in the UnitedStates and any contractual rights and obligations pursuant to which we purchase or have purchased such insulin, and a second priority security interest in ourassets that secure our obligations under the Facility Agreement.The Facility Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants by us, including restrictions on our ability to incur additionalindebtedness, grant certain liens, engage in certain mergers and acquisitions, make certain distributions and make certain voluntary prepayments. Events ofdefault under the Facility Agreement include: our failure to timely make payments due under the 2019 notes or the Tranche B notes; inaccuracies in ourrepresentations and warranties to Deerfield; our failure to comply with any of our covenants under any of the Facility Agreement, Milestone Agreement orcertain other related security agreements and documents entered into in connection with the Facility Agreement, subject to a cure period with respect to mostcovenants; our insolvency or the occurrence of certain bankruptcy-related events; certain judgments against us; the suspension, cancellation or revocation ofgovernmental authorizations that are reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our business; the acceleration of a specified amount of ourindebtedness; our cash and cash equivalents, including amounts available to us under the Loan Arrangement, falling below $25.0 million as of the last day ofany fiscal quarter. If one or more events of default under the Facility Agreement occurs and continues beyond any applicable cure period, the holders of the2019 notes and Tranche B notes may declare all or any portion of the 2019 notes and Tranche B notes to be immediately due and payable. The MilestoneAgreement includes customary representations and warranties and covenants by us, including restrictions on transfers of intellectual property related toAFREZZA. The milestones are subject to acceleration in the event we transfer our intellectual property related to AFREZZA in violation of the terms of theMilestone Agreement. Similarly, the Sanofi Loan Facility includes customary representations, warranties and covenants by us, including restrictions on ourability to incur additional indebtedness, grant certain liens and make certain changes to our organizational documents. Events of default under the SanofiLoan Facility include: our failure to make timely payments due under the Sanofi Loan Facility; inaccuracies in our representations and warranties to thelender; our failure to comply with any of our covenants under any of the Sanofi Loan Facility or certain other related security agreements and documentsentered into in connection with the Sanofi Loan Facility, subject to a cure period with respect to most covenants; our insolvency or the occurrence of certainbankruptcy-related events; termination by Sanofi of the Sanofi License Agreement as a result of our breach of the Sanofi License Agreement; and the failureof any material provision under any of the Sanofi Loan Facility or certain other related security agreements and documents entered into in connection withthe Sanofi Loan Facility to remain in full force and effect. If one or more events of default occurs and is continuing, the lender may terminate its obligation tomake advances under the Sanofi Loan Facility, and, if certain specified events of default (including our failure to timely make payments due under the SanofiLoan Facility; our failure to comply with the negative covenants under the Sanofi Loan Facility limiting our ability to incur additional indebtedness or grantcertain liens; our insolvency or the occurrence of certain bankruptcy-related events; termination by Sanofi of the Sanofi License Agreement as a result of ourbreach of the non-compete provisions of the Sanofi License Agreement; or the failure of any material provision under any of the Sanofi Loan Facility orcertain other related security agreements and documents entered into in connection with the Sanofi Loan Facility to remain in full force and effect) occur andare continuing, the lender may accelerate all of our repayment obligations under the Sanofi Loan Facility and otherwise exercise any of its remedies as asecured creditor.There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the covenants under any of the foregoing agreements, and we cannot predict whether theholders of the 2019 notes or Tranche B notes or the lender under 19Table of Contentsthe Sanofi Loan Facility would demand repayment of the outstanding balance of the 2019 notes, the Tranche B notes or the loans under the Sanofi LoanFacility as applicable or exercise any other remedies available to such holders if we were unable to comply with these covenants. The covenants andrestrictions contained in the foregoing agreements could significantly limit our ability to respond to changes in our business or competitive activities or takeadvantage of business opportunities that may create value for our stockholders and the holders of our other securities. In addition, our inability to meet orotherwise comply with the covenants under these agreements could have an adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations and couldresult in an event of default under the terms of our other indebtedness, including our indebtedness under the 2015 notes. In the event of certain future defaultsunder the foregoing agreements for which we are not able to obtain waivers, the holders of the 2015 notes, 2019 notes and Tranche B notes and the lenderunder the Sanofi Loan Facility may accelerate all of our repayment obligations, and, with respect to the 2019 notes and Tranche B notes and the loans underthe Sanofi Loan Facility, take control of our pledged assets, potentially requiring us to renegotiate the terms of our indebtedness on terms less favorable to us,or to immediately cease operations.If we enter into additional debt arrangements, the terms of such additional arrangements could further restrict our operating and financial flexibility. In theevent we must cease operations and liquidate our assets, the rights of any holders of our outstanding secured debt would be senior to the rights of the holdersof our unsecured debt and our common stock to receive any proceeds from the liquidation.If we do not achieve our projected development goals in the timeframes we announce and expect, our business, financial condition and results ofoperations will be harmed and the market price of our common stock and other securities could decline.For planning purposes, we estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory and other product development goals,which we sometimes refer to as milestones. These milestones may include the commencement or completion of scientific studies and clinical studies and thesubmission of regulatory filings. From time to time, we publicly announce the expected timing of some of these milestones. All of these milestones are basedon a variety of assumptions. The actual timing of the achievement of these milestones can vary dramatically from our estimates, in many cases for reasonsbeyond our control, depending on numerous factors, including: • the rate of progress, costs and results of our clinical studies and preclinical research and development activities; • our ability to identify and enroll patients who meet clinical study eligibility criteria; • our ability to access sufficient, reliable and affordable supplies of components used in the manufacture of our product candidates; • the costs of expanding and maintaining manufacturing operations, as necessary; • the extent to which our clinical studies compete for clinical sites and eligible subjects with clinical studies sponsored by other companies; and • actions by regulators.In addition, if we do not obtain sufficient additional funds through sales of securities, strategic collaborations or the license or sale of certain of our assetson a timely basis, we may be required to reduce expenses by delaying, reducing or curtailing our development of product candidates. If we fail to commenceor complete, or experience delays in or are forced to curtail, our proposed clinical programs or otherwise fail to adhere to our projected development goals inthe timeframes we announce and expect (or within the timeframes expected by analysts or investors), our business, financial condition and results ofoperations will be harmed and the market price of our common stock and other securities may decline.AFREZZA or our product candidates may be rendered obsolete by rapid technological change.A number of established pharmaceutical companies have or are developing technologies for the treatment of unmet medical needs. 20Table of ContentsThe rapid rate of scientific discoveries and technological changes could result in AFREZZA or one or more of our product candidates becoming obsoleteor noncompetitive. Our competitors may develop or introduce new products that render our technology or AFREZZA less competitive, uneconomical orobsolete. Our future success will depend not only on our ability to develop our product candidates but to improve them and keep pace with emergingindustry developments. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so.We also expect to face competition from universities and other non-profit research organizations. These institutions carry out a significant amount ofresearch and development in various areas of unmet medical need. These institutions are becoming increasingly aware of the commercial value of theirfindings and are more active in seeking patent and other proprietary rights as well as licensing revenues.Continued testing of AFREZZA or our product candidates may not yield successful results, and even if it does, we may still be unable to commercializeour product candidates.Forecasts about the effects of the use of drugs, including AFREZZA, over terms longer than the clinical studies or in much larger populations may not beconsistent with the earlier clinical results. For example, with the approval of AFREZZA, the FDA has required a five-year, randomized, controlled trial in8,000 – 10,000 patients with type 2 diabetes, the primary objective of which is to compare the incidence of pulmonary malignancy observed with AFREZZAto that observed in a standard of care control group. If long-term use of a drug results in adverse health effects or reduced efficacy or both, the FDA or otherregulatory agencies may terminate our or our marketing partner’s ability to market and sell the drug, may narrow the approved indications for use orotherwise require restrictive product labeling or marketing, or may require further clinical studies, which may be time-consuming and expensive and may notproduce favorable results.Our research and development programs are designed to test the safety and efficacy of our product candidates through extensive nonclinical and clinicaltesting. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the testing process that could delay or impact commercialization of any ofour product candidates, including the following: • safety and efficacy results obtained in our nonclinical and early clinical testing may be inconclusive or may not be predictive of results that we mayobtain in our future clinical studies or following long-term use, and we may as a result be forced to stop developing a product candidate or alter themarketing of an approved product; • the analysis of data collected from clinical studies of our product candidates may not reach the statistical significance necessary, or otherwise besufficient to support FDA or other regulatory approval for the claimed indications; • after reviewing clinical data, we or any collaborators may abandon projects that we previously believed were promising; and • our product candidates may not produce the desired effects or may result in adverse health effects or other characteristics that preclude regulatoryapproval or limit their commercial use once approved.As a result of any of these events, we, any collaborator, the FDA, or any other regulatory authorities, may suspend or terminate clinical studies ormarketing of the drug at any time. Any suspension or termination of our clinical studies or marketing activities may harm our business, financial conditionand results of operations and the market price of our common stock and other securities may decline.If our suppliers fail to deliver materials and services needed for the production of AFREZZA in a timely and sufficient manner, if they fail to comply withapplicable regulations, or if we fail to identify and qualify alternative suppliers, our business, financial condition and results of operations would beharmed and the market price of our common stock and other securities could decline.For the commercial manufacture of AFREZZA, we need access to sufficient, reliable and affordable supplies of insulin, our AFREZZA inhaler, the relatedcartridges and other materials. Currently, the only approved source 21Table of Contentsof insulin for AFREZZA is manufactured by Amphastar. We must rely on our suppliers, including Amphastar, to comply with relevant regulatory and otherlegal requirements, including the production of insulin in accordance with the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMPs”) for drug products,and the production of the AFREZZA inhaler and related cartridges in accordance with Quality System Regulations (“QSRs”). The supply of any of thesematerials may be limited or any of the manufacturers may not meet relevant regulatory requirements, and if we are unable to obtain any of these materials insufficient amounts, in a timely manner and at reasonable prices, or if we encounter delays or difficulties in our relationships with manufacturers or suppliers,the production of AFREZZA may be delayed. Likewise, if Amphastar ceases to manufacture or is otherwise unable to deliver insulin for AFREZZA, we willneed to locate an alternative source of supply and the production of AFREZZA may be delayed. Pursuant to our supply agreement with Sanofi, we arerequired to identify alternative suppliers for all critical raw materials for the manufacture of AFREZZA within two years after the date of the agreement.However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify and qualify such suppliers within the time period required under the agreement. If any ofour suppliers is unwilling or unable to meet its supply obligations and we are unable to secure an alternative supply source in a timely manner and onfavorable terms, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed and the market price of our common stock and other securitiesmay decline.We have little experience manufacturing AFREZZA in commercial quantities, and if we fail as an effective manufacturing organization or fail to engagethird-party manufacturers with this capability, we may be unable to support commercialization of this product.We use our Danbury, Connecticut facility to formulate AFREZZA inhalation powder, fill plastic cartridges with the powder, package the cartridges inblister packs, and place the blister packs into foil pouches. We utilize a contract packager to assemble the final kits of foil-pouched blisters containingcartridges along with inhalers and the package insert. The manufacture of pharmaceutical products requires significant expertise and capital investment,including the development of advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls. Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products often encounterdifficulties in production, especially in scaling up initial production. These problems include difficulties with production costs and yields, quality controland assurance and shortages of qualified personnel, as well as compliance with strictly enforced federal, state and foreign regulations. If we engage a third-party manufacturer, we would need to transfer our technology to that third-party manufacturer and gain FDA approval, potentially causing delays in productdelivery. In addition, our third-party manufacturer may not perform as agreed or may terminate its agreement with us.Any of these factors could cause us to delay or suspend production, could entail higher costs and may result in our being unable to effectively supportcommercialization of AFREZZA. Furthermore, if we or a third-party manufacturer fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of the product or any rawmaterial on a timely basis, and at commercially reasonable prices and acceptable quality, and we were unable to promptly find one or more replacementmanufacturers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost, in substantially equivalent volume and quality on a timely basis, we would likely beunable to meet demand for AFREZZA and we would lose potential revenues, and could result in the termination of the Sanofi License Agreement by Sanofiat its election if specified circumstances exist and certain conditions are met.If AFREZZA or any other product that we develop does not become widely accepted by physicians, patients, third-party payors and the healthcarecommunity, we may be unable to generate significant revenue, if any.AFREZZA and our other product candidates may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, third-party payors and the healthcarecommunity. Failure to achieve market acceptance would limit our ability to generate revenue and would adversely affect our results of operations.The degree of market acceptance of AFREZZA and our other product candidates will depend on many factors, including the: • approved labeling claims; 22Table of Contents • effectiveness of efforts by us or our marketing partner(s) to educate physicians about the benefits and advantages of AFREZZA or our other productsand to provide adequate support for them, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of competitive products; • willingness of the healthcare community and patients to adopt new technologies; • ability to manufacture the product in sufficient quantities with acceptable quality and cost; • perception of patients and the healthcare community, including third-party payors, regarding the safety, efficacy and benefits compared to competingproducts or therapies; • convenience and ease of administration relative to existing treatment methods; • coverage and pricing and reimbursement relative to other treatment therapeutics and methods; and • marketing and distribution support.Because of these and other factors, AFREZZA and any other product that we get approved may not gain market acceptance, which would materially harmour business, financial condition and results of operations.If third-party payors do not cover AFREZZA or any of our product candidates for which we receive regulatory approval, AFREZZA or such productcandidates might not be prescribed, used or purchased, which would adversely affect our revenues.Our future revenues and ability to generate positive cash flow from operations may be affected by the continuing efforts of governments and third-partypayors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare through various means. For example, in certain foreign markets the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticalsis subject to governmental control. In the United States, there has been, and we expect that there will continue to be, a number of federal and state proposalsto implement similar governmental controls. We cannot be certain what legislative proposals will be adopted or what actions federal, state or private payorsfor healthcare goods and services may take in response to any drug pricing reform proposals or legislation. Such reforms may limit our ability to generaterevenues from sales of AFREZZA or our other product candidates and achieve profitability. Further, to the extent that such reforms have a material adverseeffect on the business, financial condition and profitability of our marketing partner for AFREZZA, and companies that are prospective collaborators for ourproduct candidates, our ability to commercialize AFREZZA and our product candidates under development may be adversely affected.In the United States and elsewhere, sales of prescription pharmaceuticals still depend in large part on the availability of reimbursement to the consumerfrom third-party payors, such as governmental and private insurance plans. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medicalproducts and services. The market for AFREZZA and our product candidates for which we may receive regulatory approval will depend significantly onaccess to third-party payors’ drug formularies, or lists of medications for which third-party payors provide coverage and reimbursement. The industrycompetition to be included in such formularies often leads to downward pricing pressures on pharmaceutical companies. Also, third-party payors may refuseto include a particular branded drug in their formularies or otherwise restrict patient access to a branded drug when a less costly generic equivalent or otheralternative is available. In addition, because each third-party payor individually approves coverage and reimbursement levels, obtaining coverage andadequate reimbursement is a time-consuming and costly process. We would be required to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of any product toeach third-party payor separately with no assurance that approval would be obtained. This process could delay the market acceptance of any product andcould have a negative effect on our future revenues and operating results. Even if we succeed in bringing more products to market, we cannot be certain thatany such products would be considered cost-effective or that coverage and adequate reimbursement to the consumer would be available. Patients will beunlikely to use our products unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of our products.In addition, in many foreign countries, particularly the countries of the European Union, the pricing of prescription drugs is subject to governmentcontrol. In some non-U.S. jurisdictions, the proposed pricing for a 23Table of Contentsdrug must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements governing drug pricing vary widely from country to country. For example, theEuropean Union provides options for its member states to restrict the range of medicinal products for which their national health insurance systems providereimbursement and to control the prices of medicinal products for human use. A member state may approve a specific price for the medicinal product or itmay instead adopt a system of direct or indirect controls on the profitability of the company placing the medicinal product on the market. We may facecompetition for AFREZZA or any of our other product candidates that receives marketing approval from lower-priced products in foreign countries that haveplaced price controls on pharmaceutical products. In addition, there may be importation of foreign products that compete with our own products, which couldnegatively impact our profitability.If we or our marketing partner are unable to obtain coverage of, and adequate payment levels for, AFREZZA or any of our other product candidates thatreceive marketing approval from third-party payors, physicians may limit how much or under what circumstances they will prescribe or administer them andpatients may decline to purchase them. This in turn could affect our and our marketing partner’s ability to successfully commercialize AFREZZA and ourability to successfully commercialize any of our other product candidates that receives regulatory approval and impact our profitability, results of operations,financial condition, and prospects.Healthcare legislation may make it more difficult to receive revenues.In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals in recent years to change thehealthcare system in ways that could impact our ability to sell our products profitably. In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, asamended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, “PPACA”), became law in the United States. PPACA substantially changes theway healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and significantly affects the healthcare industry. Among the provisions of PPACA ofimportance to us are the following: • an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs; • a 2.3% medical device excise tax on certain transactions, including many U.S. sales of medical devices, which currently includes and we expect willcontinue to include U.S. sales of certain drug-device combination products; • an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13% of the averagemanufacturer price for most branded and generic drugs, respectively; • expansion of healthcare fraud and abuse laws, including the False Claims Act and the Anti-Kickback Statute, new government investigative powers,and enhanced penalties for noncompliance; • a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% point-of-sale discounts off negotiated prices ofapplicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D; • extension of manufacturers’ Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations; • expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individualswith income at or below 133% of the Federal Poverty Level, thereby potentially increasing manufacturers’ Medicaid rebate liability; • expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; • new requirements to report annually to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) certain financial arrangements with physicians andteaching hospitals, as defined in PPACA and its implementing regulations, including reporting any “payments or transfers of value” made ordistributed to prescribers, 24Table of Contents teaching hospitals and other healthcare providers and reporting any ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate familymembers and applicable group purchasing organizations during the preceding calendar year; • a new requirement to annually report drug samples that certain manufacturers and authorized distributors provide to physicians; and • a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since PPACA was enacted. For example, on August 2, 2011, the Budget ControlAct of 2011, among other things, created measures for spending reductions by Congress. A Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, tasked withrecommending a targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, was unable to reach required goals, thereby triggering thelegislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs. This includes aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% perfiscal year, starting in 2013, and will stay in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. On January 2, 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the “ATRA”), which, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several providers,including hospitals, imaging centers and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpaymentsto providers from three to five years. These new laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have amaterial adverse effect on our customers and accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that PPACA, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage criteria and inadditional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product, and could seriously harm our future revenues. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private third-party payors. Theimplementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability, orcommercialize our products.If we or our marketing partner fail to comply with federal and state healthcare laws, including fraud and abuse and health information privacy andsecurity laws, we could face substantial penalties and our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be adversely affected.As a biopharmaceutical company, even though we do not and will not control referrals of healthcare services or bill directly to Medicare, Medicaid orother third-party payors, certain federal and state healthcare laws and regulations, including those pertaining to fraud and abuse and patients’ rights are andwill be applicable to our business. For example, we could be subject to healthcare fraud and abuse and patient privacy regulation by both the federalgovernment and the states in which we conduct our business. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, among others: • the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which constrains our business activities, including our marketing practices, educational programs, pricing policies,and relationships with healthcare providers or other entities by prohibiting, among other things, soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration,directly or indirectly, to induce, or in return for, either the referral of an individual or the purchase or recommendation of an item or servicereimbursable under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs; • federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowinglypresenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payors that are false or fraudulent; • the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), which created new federal criminal statutes that prohibit, amongother things, executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters; • HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (“HITECH”) and its implementingregulations, which imposes certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information; 25Table of Contents • the federal physician sunshine requirements under PPACA, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics, and medical supplies toreport annually to the CMS information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians, other healthcare providers, and teachinghospitals, and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and other healthcare providers and their immediate family members; and • state and foreign law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or servicesreimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers, and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of healthinformation in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thuscomplicating compliance efforts; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines andthe applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government that otherwise restricts certain payments that may be made to healthcareproviders and entities; and state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfer of value to physiciansand other healthcare providers and entities.Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of available statutory and regulatory exceptions, it is possible that some of our business activitiescould be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. To the extent that AFREZZA or any of our product candidates that receives marketing approvalis ultimately sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws and regulations. If we or our operations are found to be in violation of any ofthe laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties,damages, fines, individual imprisonment, disgorgement, exclusion of products from reimbursement under U.S. federal or state healthcare programs, and thecurtailment or restructuring of our operations. Any penalties, damages, fines, curtailment or restructuring of our operations could materially adversely affectour ability to operate our business and our financial results. Although compliance programs can mitigate the risk of investigation and prosecution forviolations of these laws, the risks cannot be entirely eliminated. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it,could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. Moreover, achieving andsustaining compliance with applicable federal and state privacy, security and fraud laws may prove costly.If product liability claims are brought against us, we may incur significant liabilities and suffer damage to our reputation.The testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of AFREZZA and our other product candidates expose us to potential product liability claims. A productliability claim may result in substantial judgments as well as consume significant financial and management resources and result in adverse publicity,decreased demand for a product, injury to our reputation, withdrawal of clinical studies volunteers and loss of revenues. We currently carry worldwideproduct liability insurance in the amount of $10.0 million. In addition, we carry local clinical trial insurance policies per study in each country in which weconduct clinical studies that require us to carry coverage based on local statutory requirements. However, our insurance coverage may not be adequate tosatisfy any liability that may arise, and because insurance coverage in our industry can be very expensive and difficult to obtain, we cannot assure you thatwe will be able to obtain sufficient coverage at an acceptable cost, if at all. If losses from such claims exceed our liability insurance coverage, we mayourselves incur substantial liabilities. If we are required to pay a product liability claim our business, financial condition and results of operations would beharmed and the market price of our common stock and other securities may decline.If we lose any key employees or scientific advisors, our operations and our ability to execute our business strategy could be materially harmed.We face intense competition for qualified employees among companies in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries. Our success dependsupon our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees. We may be unable to attract and retain these individuals on acceptable terms, if atall. In addition, in order to commercialize AFREZZA successfully, we may be required to expand our work force, particularly in 26Table of Contentsthe areas of manufacturing. These activities will require the addition of new personnel, including management, and the development of additional expertiseby existing personnel, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to attract or retain any such new personnel on acceptable terms, if at all.The loss of the services of any principal member of our management and scientific staff could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of ourscientific and business objectives. All of our employees are “at will” and we currently do not have employment agreements with any of the principal membersof our management or scientific staff, and we do not have key person life insurance to cover the loss of any of these individuals. Replacing key employeesmay be difficult and time-consuming because of the limited number of individuals in our industry with the skills and experience required to develop, gainregulatory approval of and commercialize products successfully.We have relationships with scientific advisors at academic and other institutions to conduct research or assist us in formulating our research, developmentor clinical strategy. These scientific advisors are not our employees and may have commitments to, and other obligations with, other entities that may limittheir availability to us. We have limited control over the activities of these scientific advisors and can generally expect these individuals to devote onlylimited time to our activities. Failure of any of these persons to devote sufficient time and resources to our programs could harm our business. In addition,these advisors are not prohibited from, and may have arrangements with, other companies to assist those companies in developing technologies that maycompete with AFREZZA or our product candidates.If our internal controls over financial reporting are not considered effective, our business, financial condition and market price of our common stock andother securities could be adversely affected.Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of the end ofeach fiscal year, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting in our annual report on Form10-K for that fiscal year. Section 404 also requires our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, and report on, our internal controls overfinancial reporting.Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our internal controls over financial reportingwill prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance thatthe control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits ofcontrols must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absoluteassurance that all control issues and instances of fraud involving a company have been, or will be, detected. The design of any system of controls is based inpart on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure you that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals underall potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliancewith policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not bedetected. We cannot assure you that we or our independent registered public accounting firm will not identify a material weakness in our internal controls inthe future. A material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting would require management and our independent registered public accountingfirm to evaluate our internal controls as ineffective. If our internal controls over financial reporting are not considered effective, we may experience a loss ofpublic confidence, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and the market price of our common stock and other securities.We may undertake internal restructuring activities in the future that could result in disruptions to our business or otherwise materially harm our resultsof operations or financial condition.From time to time we may undertake internal restructuring activities as we continue to evaluate and attempt to optimize our cost and operating structure inlight of developments in our business strategy and long-term operating plans. These activities may result in write-offs or other restructuring charges. Therecan be no 27Table of Contentsassurance that any restructuring activities that we undertake will achieve the cost savings, operating efficiencies or other benefits that we may initiallyexpect. Restructuring activities may also result in a loss of continuity, accumulated knowledge and inefficiency during transitional periods and thereafter. Inaddition, internal restructurings can require a significant amount of time and focus from management and other employees, which may divert attention fromcommercial operations. If we undertake any internal restructuring activities and fail to achieve some or all of the expected benefits therefrom, our business,results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.Our operations might be interrupted by the occurrence of a natural disaster or other catastrophic event.We expect that at least for the foreseeable future, our manufacturing facility in Danbury, Connecticut will be the sole location for the manufacturing ofAFREZZA. This facility and the manufacturing equipment we use would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to repair or replace. Inaddition, we are headquartered in Valencia, California. This facility contains our principal executive offices and is used to provide support for thedevelopment of our Technosphere technology programs. We depend on our facilities and on collaborators, contractors and vendors for the continuedoperation of our business, some of whom are located in other countries. Natural disasters or other catastrophic events, including interruptions in the supply ofnatural resources, political and governmental changes, severe weather conditions, wildfires and other fires, explosions, actions of animal rights activists,terrorist attacks, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and wars could disrupt our operations or those of our collaborators, contractors and vendors. We might sufferlosses as a result of business interruptions that exceed the coverage available under our and our contractors’ insurance policies or for which we or ourcontractors do not have coverage. For example, we are not insured against a terrorist attack. Any natural disaster or catastrophic event could have asignificant negative impact on our operations and financial results. Moreover, any such event could delay our research and development programs andadversely affect, which may include stopping, our readiness for commercial production.We deal with hazardous materials and must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive and restrict how we do business.Our research and development work involves the controlled storage and use of hazardous materials, including chemical and biological materials. Inaddition, our manufacturing operations involve the use of a chemical that may form an explosive mixture under certain conditions. Our operations alsoproduce hazardous waste products. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations (i) governing how we use, manufacture, store, handle anddispose of these materials (ii) imposing liability for costs of cleaning up, and damages to natural resources from past spills, waste disposals on and off-site, orother releases of hazardous materials or regulated substances, and (iii) regulating workplace safety. Moreover, the risk of accidental contamination or injuryfrom hazardous materials cannot be completely eliminated, and in the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that may result, and anyliability could fall outside the coverage or exceed the limits of our insurance. Currently, our general liability policy provides coverage up to $1.0 million peroccurrence and $2.0 million in the aggregate and is supplemented by an umbrella policy that provides a further $4.0 million of coverage; however, ourinsurance policy excludes pollution liability coverage and we do not carry a separate hazardous materials policy. In addition, we could be required to incursignificant costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations in the future. Finally, current or future environmental laws and regulations may impairour research, development or production efforts or have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.When we purchased the facilities located in Danbury, Connecticut in 2001, a soil and groundwater investigation and remediation was being conducted bya former site operator (the responsible party) under the oversight of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. During the construction of ourexpanded manufacturing facility, we excavated contaminated soil under the footprint of our building expansion location. The responsible party reimbursedus for our increased excavation and disposal costs of contaminated soil in the amount of $1.6 million. It has conducted at its expense all work and will makeall filings necessary to achieve closure for the environmental remediation conducted at the site, and has agreed to indemnify us for any future 28Table of Contentscosts and expenses we may incur that are directly related to the final closure. If we are unable to collect these future costs and expenses, if any, from theresponsible party, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.RISKS RELATED TO GOVERNMENT REGULATIONOur product candidates must undergo costly and time-consuming rigorous nonclinical and clinical testing and we must obtain regulatory approval priorto the sale and marketing of any product in each jurisdiction. The results of this testing or issues that develop in the review and approval by a regulatoryagency may subject us to unanticipated delays or prevent us from marketing any productsOur research and development activities, as well as the manufacturing and marketing of AFREZZA and our product candidates, are subject to regulation,including regulation for safety, efficacy and quality, by the FDA in the United States and comparable authorities in other countries. FDA regulations and theregulations of comparable foreign regulatory authorities are wide-ranging and govern, among other things: • product design, development, manufacture and testing; • product labeling; • product storage and shipping; • pre-market clearance or approval; • advertising and promotion; and • product sales and distribution.The requirements governing the conduct of clinical studies and manufacturing and marketing of AFREZZA and our product candidates outside the UnitedStates vary widely from country to country. Foreign approvals may take longer to obtain than FDA approvals and can require, among other things, additionaltesting and different clinical study designs. Foreign regulatory approval processes include essentially all of the risks associated with the FDA approvalprocesses. Some of those agencies also must approve prices of the products. Approval of a product by the FDA does not ensure approval of the same productby the health authorities of other countries. In addition, changes in regulatory policy in the United States or in foreign countries for product approval duringthe period of product development and regulatory agency review of each submitted new application may cause delays or rejections.Clinical testing can be costly and take many years, and the outcome is uncertain and susceptible to varying interpretations. We cannot be certain if orwhen regulatory agencies might request additional studies, under what conditions such studies might be requested, or what the size or length of any suchstudies might be. The clinical studies of our product candidates may not be completed on schedule, regulatory agencies may order us to stop or modify ourresearch, or these agencies may not ultimately approve any of our product candidates for commercial sale. The data collected from our clinical studies maynot be sufficient to support regulatory approval of our product candidates. Even if we believe the data collected from our clinical studies are sufficient,regulatory agencies have substantial discretion in the approval process and may disagree with our interpretation of the data. Our failure to adequatelydemonstrate the safety and efficacy of any of our product candidates would delay or prevent regulatory approval of our product candidates, which couldprevent us from achieving profitability.Questions that have been raised about the safety of marketed drugs generally, including pertaining to the lack of adequate labeling, may result inincreased cautiousness by regulatory agencies in reviewing new drugs based on safety, efficacy, or other regulatory considerations and may result insignificant delays in obtaining regulatory approvals. Such regulatory considerations may also result in the imposition of more restrictive drug labeling ormarketing requirements as conditions of approval, which may significantly affect the marketability of our drug products. 29Table of ContentsIf we do not comply with regulatory requirements at any stage, whether before or after marketing approval is obtained, we may be subject to criminalprosecution, fined or forced to remove a product from the market or experience other adverse consequences, including restrictions or delays in obtainingregulatory marketing approval.Even if we comply with regulatory requirements, we may not be able to obtain the labeling claims necessary or desirable for product promotion. We mayalso be required to undertake post-marketing studies. For example, the FDA is requiring the following post-marketing studies for AFREZZA: • a clinical trial to evaluate pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy in pediatric patients; • a clinical trial to evaluate the potential risk of pulmonary malignancy with AFREZZA (as well as cardiovascular risk and the long-term effect ofAFREZZA on pulmonary function); and • two pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies, one to characterize dose-response and one to characterize within-subject variability.In addition, if we or other parties identify adverse effects after any of our products are on the market, or if manufacturing problems occur, regulatoryapproval may be withdrawn and a reformulation of our products, additional clinical studies, changes in labeling of, or indications of use for, our productsand/or additional marketing applications may be required. If we encounter any of the foregoing problems, our business, financial condition and results ofoperations will be harmed and the market price of our common stock and other securities may decline.We are subject to stringent, ongoing government regulation.The manufacture, marketing and sale of AFREZZA are subject to stringent and ongoing government regulation. The FDA may also withdraw productapprovals if problems concerning the safety or efficacy of a product appear following approval. We cannot be sure that FDA and United States Congressionalinitiatives or actions by foreign regulatory bodies pertaining to ensuring the safety of marketed drugs or other developments pertaining to the pharmaceuticalindustry will not adversely affect our operations.We also are required to register our establishments and list our products with the FDA and certain state agencies. We and any third-party manufacturers orsuppliers must continually adhere to federal regulations setting forth requirements, known as cGMP (for drugs) and QSR (for medical devices), and theirforeign equivalents, which are enforced by the FDA and other national regulatory bodies through their facilities inspection programs. In complying withcGMP and foreign regulatory requirements, we and any of our potential third-party manufacturers or suppliers will be obligated to expend time, money andeffort in production, record-keeping and quality control to ensure that our products meet applicable specifications and other requirements. QSR requirementsalso impose extensive testing, control and documentation requirements. State regulatory agencies and the regulatory agencies of other countries have similarrequirements. In addition, we will be required to comply with regulatory requirements of the FDA, state regulatory agencies and the regulatory agencies ofother countries concerning the reporting of adverse events and device malfunctions, corrections and removals (e.g., recalls), promotion and advertising andgeneral prohibitions against the manufacture and distribution of adulterated and misbranded devices. Failure to comply with these regulatory requirementscould result in civil fines, product seizures, injunctions and/or criminal prosecution of responsible individuals and us. Any such actions would have amaterial adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our suppliers are subject to FDA inspection.We depend on suppliers for insulin and other materials that comprise AFREZZA, including our AFREZZA inhaler and cartridges. Each supplier mustcomply with relevant regulatory requirements and is subject to inspection by the FDA. There can be no assurance, in the conduct of an inspection of any ofour suppliers that the agency would find that the supplier substantially complies with the QSR or cGMP requirements, where applicable. If we or anypotential third-party manufacturer or supplier fails to comply with these requirements or comparable requirements in foreign countries, regulatory authoritiesmay subject us to regulatory action, including criminal prosecutions, fines and suspension of the manufacture of our products. 30Table of ContentsIf we are required to find a new or additional supplier of insulin, we will be required to evaluate the new supplier’s ability to provide insulin that meetsregulatory requirements, including cGMP requirements as well as our specifications and quality requirements, which would require significant time andexpense and could delay the manufacturing and commercialization of AFREZZA.Reports of side effects or safety concerns in related technology fields or in other companies’ clinical studies could delay or prevent us from obtainingregulatory approval for our product candidates or negatively impact public perception of AFREZZA or our other product candidates.At present, there are a number of clinical studies being conducted by other pharmaceutical companies involving insulin delivery systems. If otherpharmaceutical companies announce that they observed frequent adverse events in their studies involving insulin therapies, we may be subject to classwarnings in the label for AFREZZA. In addition, the public perception of AFREZZA might be adversely affected, which could harm our business, financialcondition and results of operations and cause the market price of our common stock and other securities to decline, even if the concern relates to anothercompany’s products or product candidates.There are also a number of clinical studies being conducted by other pharmaceutical companies involving compounds similar to, or competitive with, ourother product candidates. Adverse results reported by these other companies in their clinical studies could delay or prevent us from obtaining regulatoryapproval or negatively impact public perception of our product candidates, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations andcause the market price of our common stock and other securities to decline.RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYIf we are unable to protect our proprietary rights, we may not be able to compete effectively, or operate profitably.Our commercial success depends, in large part, on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology. Our ability to doso will depend on, among other things, complex legal and factual questions, and it should be noted that the standards regarding intellectual property rights inour fields are still evolving. We attempt to protect our proprietary technology through a combination of patents, trade secrets and confidentiality agreements.We own a number of domestic and international patents, have a number of domestic and international patent applications pending and have licenses toadditional patents. We cannot assure you that our patents and licenses will successfully preclude others from using our technologies, and we could incursubstantial costs in seeking enforcement of our proprietary rights against infringement. Even if issued, the patents may not give us an advantage overcompetitors with alternative technologies.Moreover, the term of a patent is limited and, as a result, the patents protecting our products expire at various dates. For example, some patents providingprotection for AFREZZA inhalation powder have terms extending into 2020, 2030 and 2031. In addition, patents providing protection for our inhaler andcartridges have terms extending into 2023, 2031 and 2032, and we have method of treatment claims that extend into 2026 and 2029. As and when thesedifferent patents expire, AFREZZA could become subject to increased competition. As a consequence, we may not be able to recover our development costs.Moreover, the issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its validity or enforceability and it is uncertain how much protection, if any, will be afforded byour patents. A third party may challenge the validity or enforceability of a patent after its issuance by various proceedings such as oppositions in foreignjurisdictions or re-examinations or other review in the United States. In some instances we may seek re-examination or reissuance of our own patents. If weattempt to enforce our patents, they may be challenged in court where they could be held invalid, unenforceable, or have their breadth narrowed to an extentthat would destroy their value.On September 16, 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (the “Leahy-Smith Act”) was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number ofsignificant changes to United States patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted, subjected to post-grantchallenge, and may also affect patent litigation. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) is continuing to develop 31Table of Contentsregulations and procedures to govern administration of the Leahy-Smith Act, and while all of the substantive changes to patent law associated with theLeahy-Smith Act have become effective, many changes have only recently become effective. Moreover there will be a transitional period of many yearsduring which some applications may be eligible for prosecution under the previous rules. There are many ambiguities in this new law and how the courts willinterpret it cannot be predicted with confidence. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of ourbusiness. The Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications andthe enforcement or defense of our issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.Moreover, patent law continues to evolve. Several further changes to patent law are before Congress. The United States Supreme Court has exhibited anincreased interest in patent law and several of its recent decisions have tended to narrow the scope of patentable subject matter related to medical productsand methods. In March 2014 the USPTO, in response to Supreme Court decisions, issued new examination guidelines which call into question thepatentability of biological inventions that had previously been considered patentable. While none of this has an immediately apparent impact on our coretechnology and patents, the full and ultimate effect of these developments is not yet known. We also rely on unpatented technology, trade secrets, know-howand confidentiality agreements. We require our officers, employees, consultants and advisors to execute proprietary information and invention andassignment agreements upon commencement of their relationships with us. These agreements provide that all inventions developed by the individual onbehalf of us must be assigned to us and that the individual will cooperate with us in connection with securing patent protection on the invention if we wish topursue such protection. We also execute confidentiality agreements with outside collaborators. There can be no assurance, however, that our inventions andassignment agreements and our confidentiality agreements will provide meaningful protection for our inventions, trade secrets, know-how or otherproprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information. If any trade secret, know-how or other technology not protectedby a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our business, results of operations and financial condition could beadversely affected.If we become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our collaborators or licensors, we would be required to devotesubstantial time and resources to prosecute or defend such proceedings.Competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our collaborators or licensors. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required tofile infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours isnot valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover itstechnology. A court may also decide to award us a royalty from an infringing party instead of issuing an injunction against the infringing activity. Anadverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly andcould put our patent applications at risk of not issuing.Interference proceedings brought by the USPTO, may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions with respect to our patent applications or thoseof our collaborators or licensors. Additionally, the Leahy-Smith Act has greatly expanded the options for post-grant review of patents that can be brought bythird parties. Litigation, post-grant review, or interference proceedings may fail and, even if successful, may result in substantial costs and be a distraction toour management. We may not be able, alone or with our collaborators and licensors, to prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights, particularly incountries where the laws may not protect such rights as fully as in the United States. We may not prevail in any litigation, post-grant review, or interferenceproceeding in which we are involved. Even if we do prevail, these proceedings can be very expensive and distract our management.Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of ourconfidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, during the course of this kind of litigation, therecould be public 32Table of Contentsannouncements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to benegative, the market price of our common stock and other securities may decline.If our technologies conflict with the proprietary rights of others, we may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings and we couldface substantial monetary damages and be precluded from commercializing our products, which would materially harm our business and financialcondition.Biotechnology patents are numerous and may, at times, conflict with one another. As a result, it is not always clear to industry participants, including us,which patents cover the multitude of biotechnology product types. Ultimately, the courts must determine the scope of coverage afforded by a patent and thecourts do not always arrive at uniform conclusions.A patent owner may claim that we are making, using, selling or offering for sale an invention covered by the owner’s patents and may go to court to stopus from engaging in such activities. Such litigation is not uncommon in our industry.Patent lawsuits can be expensive and would consume time and other resources. There is a risk that a court would decide that we are infringing a thirdparty’s patents and would order us to stop the activities covered by the patents, including the commercialization of our products. In addition, there is a riskthat we would have to pay the other party damages for having violated the other party’s patents (which damages may be increased, as well as attorneys’ feesordered paid, if infringement is found to be willful), or that we will be required to obtain a license from the other party in order to continue to commercializethe affected products, or to design our products in a manner that does not infringe a valid patent. We may not prevail in any legal action, and a requiredlicense under the patent may not be available on acceptable terms or at all, requiring cessation of activities that were found to infringe a valid patent. We alsomay not be able to develop a non-infringing product design on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.Moreover, certain components of AFREZZA may be manufactured outside the United States and imported into the United States. As such, third partiescould file complaints under 19 U.S.C. Section 337(a)(1)(B) (a “337 action”) with the International Trade Commission (the “ITC”). A 337 action can beexpensive and would consume time and other resources. There is a risk that the ITC would decide that we are infringing a third party’s patents and eitherenjoin us from importing the infringing products or parts thereof into the United States or set a bond in an amount that the ITC considers would offset ourcompetitive advantage from the continued importation during the statutory review period. The bond could be up to 100% of the value of the patentedproducts. We may not prevail in any legal action, and a required license under the patent may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, resulting in apermanent injunction preventing any further importation of the infringing products or parts thereof into the United States. We also may not be able todevelop a non-infringing product design on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.Although we own a number of domestic and foreign patents and patent applications relating to AFREZZA, we have identified certain third-party patentshaving claims that may trigger an allegation of infringement upon the commercial manufacture and sale of AFREZZA. If a court were to determine thatAFREZZA was infringing any of these patent rights, we would have to establish with the court that these patents were invalid or unenforceable in order toavoid legal liability for infringement of these patents. However, proving patent invalidity or unenforceability can be difficult because issued patents arepresumed valid. Therefore, in the event that we are unable to prevail in a non-infringement or invalidity action we will have to either acquire the third-partypatents outright or seek a royalty-bearing license. Royalty-bearing licenses effectively increase production costs and therefore may materially affect productprofitability. Furthermore, should the patent holder refuse to either assign or license us the infringed patents, it may be necessary to cease manufacturing theproduct entirely and/or design around the patents, if possible. In either event, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed andour profitability could be materially and adversely impacted.Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of ourconfidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this 33Table of Contentstype of litigation. In addition, during the course of this kind of litigation, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or otherinterim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, the market price of our common stock and othersecurities may decline.In addition, patent litigation may divert the attention of key personnel and we may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successfulconclusion. At the same time, some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can becausethey have substantially greater resources. An adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or failure to obtain necessary licenses couldprevent us from manufacturing and selling our products or result in substantial monetary damages, which would adversely affect our business, financialcondition and results of operations and cause the market price of our common stock and other securities to decline.We may not obtain trademark registrations for our potential trade names.We have not selected trade names for some of our product candidates; therefore, we have not filed trademark registrations for such potential trade namesfor our product candidates, nor can we assure that we will be granted registration of any potential trade names for which we do file. No assurance can be giventhat any of our trademarks will be registered in the United States or elsewhere, or once registered that, prior to our being able to enter a particular market, theywill not be cancelled for non-use. Nor can we give assurances, that the use of any of our trademarks will confer a competitive advantage in the marketplace.Furthermore, even if we are successful in our trademark registrations, the FDA has its own process for drug nomenclature and its own views concerningappropriate proprietary names. It also has the power, even after granting market approval, to request a company to reconsider the name for a product becauseof evidence of confusion in the marketplace. We cannot assure you that the FDA or any other regulatory authority will approve of any of our trademarks orwill not request reconsideration of one of our trademarks at some time in the future.RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCKWe may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness. We may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations underour indebtedness or we may experience a financial failure.Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations will depend on our financial and operating performance, which is subjectto prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we willmaintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. If ourcash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets oroperations, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We cannot assure you that we would be able to take any of these actions, thatthese actions would be successful and permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations or that these actions would be permitted under the terms ofour future debt agreements. In the absence of sufficient operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required todispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or obtainsufficient proceeds from those dispositions to meet our debt service and other obligations then due.Future sales of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, may depress our stock price and adverselyimpact the market price of our common stock and other securities.If our existing stockholders or their distributees sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stockcould decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that our existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock could also depress themarket price of our common stock and the market price of our other securities. Any such sales of our common stock in the public market may affect the priceof our common stock or the market price of our other securities. 34Table of ContentsIn the future, we may sell additional shares of our common stock to raise capital. In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock isreserved for: issuance upon the exercise of stock options and, in the future, may be reserved for the vesting of restricted stock unit awards; the purchase ofshares of common stock under our employee stock purchase program; and the issuance upon conversion of any shares under the 2015 notes. We cannotpredict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price for our common stock. The issuance or sale of substantialamounts of common stock, or the perception that such issuances or sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and othersecurities.Our stock price is volatile and may affect the market price of our common stock and other securities.The stock market, particularly in recent years, has experienced significant volatility particularly with respect to pharmaceutical and biotechnologystocks, and this trend may continue. The volatility of pharmaceutical and biotechnology stocks often does not relate to the operating performance of thecompanies represented by the stock. Our business and the market price of our common stock may be influenced by a large variety of factors, including: • the progress of the commercial launch of AFREZZA and other events or circumstances that we or others estimate will impact the futurecommercialization of AFREZZA; • our or Sanofi’s future estimates of AFREZZA sales, prescriptions or other operating metrics; • the progress and results of our preclinical and clinical studies of our product candidates and the post-approval studies of AFREZZA required by theFDA; • general economic, political or stock market conditions; • legislative developments; • announcements by us, our collaborators, or our competitors concerning clinical study results, acquisitions, strategic alliances, technologicalinnovations, newly approved commercial products, product discontinuations, or other developments; • the availability of critical materials used in developing and manufacturing AFREZZA or other product candidates; • developments or disputes concerning our collaboration with Sanofi or our relationships with third party manufacturers; • developments or disputes concerning our patents or proprietary rights; • the expense and time associated with, and the extent of our ultimate success in, securing regulatory approvals; • announcements by us concerning our financial condition or operating performance; • changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial condition or operating performance; • general market conditions and fluctuations for emerging growth and pharmaceutical market sectors; • sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders; • the status of any legal proceedings or regulatory matters against or involving us or any of our executive officers and directors; • the existence of, and the issuance of shares of our common stock pursuant to, the share lending agreement and the short sales of our common stockeffected in connection with the sale of our 2015 notes; • the conversion of any of our 2015 notes into shares of our common stock; and • discussion of AFREZZA, our other product candidates, competitors’ products, or our stock price by the financial and scientific press, the healthcarecommunity and online investor communities such as chat 35Table of Contents rooms. In particular, it may be difficult to verify statements about us and our investigational products that appear on interactive websites that permitusers to generate content anonymously or under a pseudonym and statements attributed to company officials may, in fact, have originated elsewhere.Any of these risks, as well as other factors, could cause the market value of our common stock and other securities to decline.If other biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies or the securities markets in general encounter problems, the market price of our common stockand other securities could be adversely affected.Public companies in general and companies included on The NASDAQ Global Market in particular have experienced extreme price and volumefluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. There has been particular volatility in themarket prices of securities of biotechnology and other life sciences companies, and the market prices of these companies have often fluctuated because ofproblems or successes in a given market segment or because investor interest has shifted to other segments. These broad market and industry factors maycause the market price of our common stock and other securities to decline, regardless of our operating performance. We have no control over this volatilityand can only focus our efforts on our own operations, and even these may be affected due to the state of the capital markets.In the past, following periods of large price declines in the public market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often beeninitiated against that company. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which wouldhurt our business. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.Our Executive Chairman and principal stockholder can individually control our direction and policies, and his interests may be adverse to the interestsof our other stockholders. After his death, his stock will be left to his funding foundations for distribution to various charities, and we cannot assure youof the manner in which those entities will manage their holdings.At December 31, 2014, Alfred E. Mann our Executive Chairman and principal stockholder beneficially owned approximately 37.7% of our outstandingshares of capital stock. By virtue of his holdings, Mr. Mann may be able to heavily influence elections of directors, our management and our affairs andprevent corporate transactions such as mergers, consolidations or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets that may be favorable from our standpoint orthat of our other stockholders or cause a transaction that we or our other stockholders may view as unfavorable.Subject to compliance with United States federal and state securities laws, Mr. Mann is free to sell the shares of our stock he holds at any time. Upon hisdeath, we have been advised by Mr. Mann that his shares of our capital stock will be left to the Alfred E. Mann Medical Research Organization(“AEMMRO”), and AEM Foundation for Biomedical Engineering (“AEMFBE”), not-for-profit medical research foundations that serve as fundingorganizations for Mr. Mann’s various charities, including the Alfred Mann Foundation (“AMF”), and the Alfred Mann Institutes at the University of SouthernCalifornia, the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, and Purdue University, and that may serve as funding organizations for any other charities that hemay establish. The AEMMRO is a membership foundation consisting of nine members, including Mr. Mann, his wife, three of his children and Dr. JosephSchulman, the chief scientist of the AEMFBE. The AEMFBE is a membership foundation consisting of five members, including Mr. Mann, his wife, and thesame three of his children. Although we understand that the members of AEMMRO and AEMFBE have been advised of Mr. Mann’s objectives for thesefoundations, once Mr. Mann’s shares of our capital stock become the property of the foundations, we cannot assure you as to how those shares will bedistributed or how they will be voted. 36Table of ContentsThe future sale of our common stock, the conversion of our 2015 notes into common stock or the exercise of our warrants for common stock couldnegatively affect the market price of our common stock and other securities.As of February 23, 2015, we had 408,837,603 shares of common stock outstanding. Substantially all of these shares are available for public sale, subject insome cases to volume and other limitations or delivery of a prospectus. If our common stockholders sell substantial amounts of common stock in the publicmarket, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our common stock and other securities may decline. Likewise the issuance ofadditional shares of our common stock upon the conversion of some or all of our 2015 notes, or upon the exercise of some or all of the warrants we issued inFebruary 2012, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and other securities. In addition, the existence of these notes and warrants mayencourage short selling of our common stock by market participants, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and other securities.In addition, we will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future to fund our operations. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securitiesor additional convertible debt, the market price of our common stock and other securities may decline.Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to ourstockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.We are incorporated in Delaware. Certain anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law and in our certificate of incorporation and amended and restatedbylaws, as currently in effect, may make a change of control of our company more difficult, even if a change in control would be beneficial to ourstockholders or the holders of our other securities. Our anti-takeover provisions include provisions such as a prohibition on stockholder actions by writtenconsent, the authority of our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, and supermajority voting requirements for specifiedactions. In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits stockholdersowning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us in certain circumstances. These provisions may delay or prevent anacquisition of us, even if the acquisition may be considered beneficial by some of our stockholders. In addition, they may frustrate or prevent any attempts byour stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors,which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on stock appreciation for any return on any investment in our commonstock.We have paid no cash dividends on any of our capital stock to date, and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the developmentand growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and payment of cash dividends, if any, will alsodepend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors and will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Pursuantto the Facility Agreement, we are subject to contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends. There is no guarantee that our common stock willappreciate or maintain its current price. You could lose the entire value of any investment in our common stock.We have a limited number of unreserved shares available for future issuance, which may impair our ability to conduct future financing and othertransactions.Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation currently authorizes us to issue up to 550,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares ofpreferred stock. As of December 31, 2014, we had a total of 76,326,082 shares of common stock that were authorized but unissued, and we have currentlyreserved a significant number of these shares for future issuance pursuant to outstanding equity awards, our equity plans and our 2015 notes. As a result, ourability to issue shares of common stock other than pursuant to existing 37Table of Contentsarrangements will be limited until such time, if ever, that we are able to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to further increase ourauthorized shares of common stock or shares currently reserved for issuance otherwise become available (for example, due to the termination of theunderlying agreement to issue the shares).If we are unable to enter into new arrangements to issue shares of our common stock or securities convertible or exercisable into shares of our commonstock, our ability to complete equity-based financings or other transactions that involve the potential issuance of our common stock or securities convertibleor exercisable into our common stock, will be limited. In lieu of issuing common stock or securities convertible into our common stock in any future equityfinancing transactions, we may need to issue some or all of our authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock, which would likely have superior rights,preferences and privileges to those of our common stock, or we may need to issue debt that is not convertible into shares of our common stock, which mayrequire us to grant security interests in our assets and property and/or impose covenants upon us that restrict our business. If we are unable to issue additionalshares of common stock or securities convertible or exercisable into our common stock, our ability to enter into strategic transactions such as acquisitions ofcompanies or technologies, may also be limited. If we propose to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to increase our authorizedshares of common stock, such a proposal would require the approval by the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock, and we cannotassure you that such a proposal would be adopted. If we are unable to complete financing, strategic or other transactions due to our inability to issueadditional shares of common stock or securities convertible or exercisable into our common stock, our financial condition and business prospects may bematerially harmed.Item 1B. Unresolved Staff CommentsNone.Item 2. PropertiesIn 2001, we acquired a facility in Danbury, Connecticut that included two buildings comprising approximately 190,000 square feet encompassing 17.5acres. In September 2008, we completed the construction of approximately 140,000 square feet of new manufacturing space providing us with two buildingstotaling approximately 328,000 square feet, housing our research and development, administrative and manufacturing functions, for AFREZZA, filling andpackaging. We believe the Danbury facility will have sufficient space to satisfy potential commercial demand for the launch of AFREZZA and, with theexpansion completed, the first few years thereafter for AFREZZA and other AFREZZA-related products.We own and occupy approximately 142,000 square feet of laboratory, office and warehouse space in Valencia, California. The facility contains ourprincipal executive offices.Our obligations under the Facility Agreement, the Milestone Agreement, and Sanofi Loan Facility are secured by certain mortgages on our facilities inDanbury, Connecticut and Valencia, California.We lease approximately 23,000 square feet of office space in Paramus, New Jersey pursuant to a lease that expires in May 2015. The facility houses ourmedical, regulatory affairs, clinical operations and administrative staff.Item 3. Legal ProceedingsWe are subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of our business. As of the date hereof, we believe that the finaldisposition of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We maintain liabilityinsurance coverage to protect our assets from losses arising out of or involving activities associated with ongoing and normal business operations.Item 4. Mine Safety DisclosuresNot applicable. 38Table of ContentsPART IIItem 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesCommon Stock Market PriceOur common stock has been traded on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “MNKD” since July 28, 2004. The following table sets forth for thequarterly periods indicated, the high and low sales prices for our common stock as reported by The NASDAQ Global Market. High Low Year ended December 31, 2014 First quarter $7.21 $3.80 Second quarter $11.48 $4.02 Third quarter $10.81 $5.91 Fourth quarter $6.65 $4.45 Year ended December 31, 2013 First quarter $3.67 $2.32 Second quarter $8.06 $3.39 Third quarter $8.70 $5.37 Fourth quarter $5.84 $4.21 The closing sales price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Market was $6.72 on February 23, 2015 and there were 197 registered holders ofrecord as of that date.Performance Measurement ComparisonThe material in this section is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and shall not be incorporated by reference by any generalstatement incorporating by reference this Annual Report on Form 10-K into any of our filings under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act, except to theextent we specifically incorporate this section by reference.The following graph illustrates a comparison of the cumulative total stockholder return (change in stock price plus reinvested dividends) of our commonstock with (i) The NASDAQ Composite Index and (ii) The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index. The graph assumes a $100 investment, on December 31, 2009, in(i) our common stock, (ii) the securities comprising The NASDAQ Composite Index and (iii) the securities comprising The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index. 39Table of ContentsThe comparisons in the graph are required by the SEC and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of our commonstock. Dividend PolicyWe have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for usein the operation and expansion of our business. Accordingly, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors. In addition, under the terms of the Facility Agreement, we arerestricted from distributing any of our assets or declaring and distributing a dividend to our stockholders. 40Table of ContentsItem 6. Selected Financial DataThe following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and with“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected financial data included in this section are not intended to replace our audited financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere inthis Annual Report. Year Ended December 31, Statement of Operations Data: 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (In thousands, except per share amounts) Revenue $— $— $35 $50 $93 Operating expenses: Research and development 100,244 109,719 101,522 99,959 112,279 General and administrative 79,383 59,682 45,473 40,630 40,312 Total operating expenses 179,627 169,401 146,995 140,589 152,591 Loss from operations (179,627) (169,401) (146,960) (140,539) (152,498) Other income (expense) 1,679 (635) (1,191) 1,541 (725) Interest expense on note payable to principal stockholder (2,894) (6,309) (10,491) (10,883) (10,249) Interest expense on senior convertible notes (17,549) (15,153) (11,139) (10,941) (7,128) Interest income 9 8 7 18 40 Loss before provision for income taxes (198,382) (191,490) (169,774) (160,804) (170,560) Income taxes — — 408 — — Net loss $(198,382) $(191,490) $(169,366) $(160,804) $(170,560) Basic and diluted net loss per share $(0.51) $(0.64) $(.94) $(1.32) $(1.50) Shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share 385,229 299,591 180,855 121,817 113,672 December 31, Balance Sheet Data: 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (In thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $120,841 $70,790 $61,840 $2,681 $66,061 Total assets 394,439 258,646 251,314 199,553 277,256 Senior convertible notes 99,355 98,439 212,026 210,642 209,335 Facility financing obligation 72,995 102,300 — — — Note payable to our principal stockholder 49,521 49,521 119,635 277,203 235,319 Accumulated deficit (2,494,784) (2,296,402) (2,104,912) (1,935,546) (1,774,742) Total stockholders’ deficit (73,770) (30,713) (110,679) (313,652) (185,532) Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statementsand notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.OverviewWe are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of therapeutic products for diseases such as diabetes. Our only approvedproduct candidate, AFREZZA, is a rapid-acting inhaled insulin t that was approved by the FDA on June 27, 2014 to improve glycemic control in adultpatients with diabetes. 41Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2014, we had an accumulated deficit of $2.5 billion and a stockholders’ deficit of $73.8 million. We incurred net losses ofapproximately $198.4 million, $191.5 million, and $169.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. ThroughDecember 31, 2014, we have not generated any product revenues and have funded our operations through the sale of equity securities and convertible debtsecurities, borrowings under the Facility Agreement, and borrowings under the Loan Arrangement. As discussed below in “Liquidity and Capital Resources,”if we are unable to obtain additional funding in the future, there could be substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.Our business is subject to significant risks, including but not limited to our ability to support the commercialization of AFREZZA through our marketingpartner, Sanofi, by manufacturing sufficient quantities of AFREZZA to meet Sanofi’s demands in a timely and cost-efficient manner, Sanofi’s ability tosuccessful market and sell AFREZZA, Sanofi’s ability to obtain regulatory approval for AFREZZA outside of the United States, and the risks inherent in ourongoing clinical trials and the regulatory approval process. Additional significant risks also include the results of our research and development efforts,competition from other products and technologies and uncertainties associated with obtaining and enforcing patent rights.Research and Development ExpensesHistorically our research and development expenses have consisted mainly of costs associated with manufacturing startup costs and the clinical trials ofour product candidates that have not yet received regulatory approval for marketing and for which no alternative future use has been identified. This includesthe salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation of research and development personnel, raw materials, such as insulin purchases, laboratory supplies andmaterials, facility costs, costs for consultants and related contract research, licensing fees, and depreciation of equipment. We track research and developmentcosts by the type of cost incurred. We partially offset research and development expenses with the recognition of estimated amounts receivable from the Stateof Connecticut pursuant to a program under which we can exchange qualified research and development income tax credits for cash.Our research and development staff conducts our internal research and development activities, which include research, product development, clinicaldevelopment, manufacturing and related activities. This staff is located in our facilities in Valencia, California; Paramus, New Jersey; and Danbury,Connecticut. We expense research and development costs as we incur them.General and Administrative ExpensesOur general and administrative expenses are driven by salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for administrative, finance, business development,human resources, legal and information systems support personnel. In addition, general and administrative expenses include professional service fees andbusiness insurance costs.Critical Accounting PoliciesWe have based our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations on our financial statements, which have been prepared inaccordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimatesand judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base ourestimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basisfor making estimates of expenses such as stock option expenses and judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differfrom these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The significant accounting policies that are critical to the judgments and estimates used inthe preparation of our financial statements are described in more detail below. 42Table of ContentsLicense and collaboration agreementsPursuant to the Sanofi License Agreement, we granted to Sanofi exclusive, worldwide licenses to certain of our patents, trademarks and know-how for thedevelopment and commercialization of AFREZZA. The terms of the Sanofi License Agreement provide for consideration to us in the form of a non-refundable up-front payment, product sales, manufacturing, regulatory and sales milestone payments and profit and loss sharing.We analyze consideration received under the provisions of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, to determine whether the consideration, or a portion thereof,could be recognized as revenue. ASC 605 provides that revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery hasoccurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured.In arrangements involving the delivery of more than one element, each required deliverable is evaluated to determine whether it qualifies as a separateunit of accounting. This determination is generally based on whether the deliverable has “stand-alone value” to the customer. The arrangement’sconsideration that is fixed and determinable is then allocated to each separate unit of accounting based on the relative selling price of each deliverable. Theestimated selling price of each deliverable is determined using the following hierarchy of values: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value,(ii) third-party evidence of selling price and (iii) best estimate of selling price (BESP). The BESP reflects our best estimate of what the selling price would beif the deliverable was regularly sold by us on a stand-alone basis. In general, the consideration allocated to each unit of accounting is recognized as therelated goods or services are delivered, limited to the consideration that is not contingent upon future deliverables.The assessment of multiple element arrangements requires judgment in order to determine the appropriate units of accounting and the points in time that,or periods over which, revenue should be recognized. Given that, as of December 31, 2014, we did not have the ability to estimate the amount of costs thatwould potentially be incurred under the loss sharing provision of the Sanofi License Agreement, we believe the fixed and determinable fee requirement forrevenue recognition was not met.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. We determine the cost of inventory using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. We capitalizeinventory costs associated with AFREZZA based on management’s judgment and the future economic benefit expected to be realized; otherwise, such costsare expensed as research and development. We periodically analyzes our inventory levels to identify inventory that may expire or has a cost basis in excessof its estimated realizable value, and write down such inventories as appropriate. In addition, AFREZZA is subject to strict quality control and monitoring,which we perform throughout the manufacturing process. If certain batches of AFREZZA inhalation powder, the inhaler or cartridges, no longer meet qualityspecifications or become obsolete due to expiration, we will record a charge to write down such unmarketable inventory to its estimated realizable value.Milestone RightsIn connection with the execution of the Facility Agreement on July 1, 2013, we issued Milestone Rights to the Milestone Purchasers. The MilestoneRights provide the Milestone Purchasers certain rights to receive payments up to $90.0 million upon the occurrence of specified strategic and salesmilestones, including the first commercial sale of an AFREZZA product, and the achievement of specified net sales figures. We analyzed the MilestoneRights under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), 815 Derivatives and Hedging,referred to as ASC 815, and determined that the instruments do not meet the definition of a freestanding derivative. Since we have not elected to apply thefair value option to the Milestone Rights, we have recorded the Milestone Rights at their estimated fair value and accounted for the Milestone Rights as aliability by applying the indexed debt guidance contained in paragraphs ASC 470-10-25-3 and 35-4.The initial fair value estimate of the Milestone Rights was calculated using the income approach in which the cash flows associated with the specifiedcontractual payments were adjusted for both the expected timing and the 43Table of Contentsprobability of achieving the milestones and discounted to present value using a selected market discount rate. The expected timing and probability ofachieving the milestones was developed with consideration given to both internal data, such as progress made to date and assessment of criteria required forachievement, and external data, such as market research studies. The discount rate was selected based on an estimation of required rate of returns for similarinvestment opportunities using available market data.The Milestone Rights liability will be remeasured as the specified milestone events are achieved. Specifically, as each milestone event is achieved, theportion of the initially recorded Milestone Rights liability that pertains to such milestone event being achieved, will be remeasured to the amount of thespecified related milestone payment. The resulting change in the balance of the Milestone Rights liability due to remeasurement will be recorded in ourStatement of Operations as interest expense. Furthermore, the Milestone Rights liability will be reduced upon each milestone payment being paid. As a result,each milestone payment would be effectively allocated between a reduction of the recorded Milestone Rights liability and an expense representing a returnon a portion of the Milestone Rights liability paid to the investor for the achievement of the related milestone event.Commitment AssetIn connection with the issuance of the first tranche of the 2019 notes and the Milestone Rights, we recorded a commitment asset (the “CommitmentAsset”) on July 1, 2013. The Commitment Asset represents the right to receive additional funding under future tranches of 2019 notes pursuant to the FacilityAgreement. The initial value of the Commitment Asset was calculated using the income approach by estimating the fair value of the future tranches using amarket debt rate commensurate with the risk of the future tranches and the fair value of the cash expected to be received by us and by assessing theprobability of the commitments being funded in the future based on the operational hurdles required for funding being met. The Commitment Assetattributable to each future tranche of 2019 notes under the Facility Agreement is derecognized and recorded as a debt discount on the 2019 notes whenissued. The debt discount is amortized using the effective interest rate method over the life of the 2019 notes. Prior to derecognition occurring, we monitorthe Commitment Asset on an ongoing basis to determine whether an impairment indicator is present that would result in a full or partial write down of theCommitment Asset as a result of events that may lead to the subsequent tranches of 2019 notes not being issued. On December 30, 2014, we elected not todraw on the $70.0 million of funding remaining under the Facility Agreement, as amended, from the sale of the Tranche B notes. Consequently, theremaining carrying value of the Tranche B Commitment Asset of $1.8 million was written off.Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsAssessing long-lived assets for impairment requires us to make assumptions and judgments regarding the carrying value of these assets. We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The assets areconsidered to be impaired if we determine that the carrying value may not be recoverable based upon our assessment of the following events or changes incircumstances: • significant changes in our strategic business objectives and utilization of the assets; • a determination that the carrying value of such assets cannot be recovered through undiscounted cash flows; • loss of legal ownership or title to the assets; • a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset (asset group), including anadverse action or assessment by a regulator; or • the impact of significant negative industry or economic trends.If we believe our assets to be impaired, the impairment we recognize is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of theassets. Any write-downs would be treated as permanent reductions in the carrying amount of the asset and an operating loss would be recognized. In addition,we base the useful lives and related amortization or depreciation expense on our estimate of the useful lives of the assets. If a change were to occur in any ofthe above-mentioned factors or estimates, our reported results could materially change. 44Table of ContentsTo date, we have had recurring operating losses, and the recoverability of our long-lived assets is contingent upon executing our business plan. If we areunable to execute our business plan, we may be required to write down the value of our long-lived assets in future periods.Clinical Trial ExpensesOur clinical trial accrual process seeks to account for expenses resulting from our obligations under contract with vendors, consultants, and clinical siteagreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations which vary from contract tocontract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided to us under such contracts. Ourobjective is to reflect the appropriate trial expenses in our financial statements by matching period expenses with period services and efforts expended. Weaccount for these expenses according to the progress of the trial as measured by patient progression and the timing of various aspects of the trial. Wedetermine accrual estimates through discussions with internal clinical personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state of completion oftrials, or the services completed. Service provider status is then compared to the contractual obligated fee to be paid for such services. During the course of aclinical trial, we adjust our rate of clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from our estimates. In the event that we do not identify certain costs thathave begun to be incurred or we underestimate or overestimate the level of services performed or the costs of such services, our reported expenses for a periodwould be too low or too high. The date on which certain services commence, the level of services performed on or before a given date and the cost of theservices are often judgmental. We make these judgments based upon the facts and circumstances known to us in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles.Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of servicesperformed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in our reporting amounts that are too high or too low for anyparticular period.Stock-Based CompensationWe account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation — Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires all share-basedpayments to employees, including grants of stock options, restricted stock units, performance-based awards and the compensatory elements of employeestock purchase plans, to be recognized in the income statement based upon the fair value of the awards at the grant date. We use the Black-Scholes optionvaluation model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options and the compensatory elements of employee stock purchase plans. Optionvaluation models require the input of assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based awards, the estimated stock price volatility, the risk-freeinterest rate, and the expected dividend yield. Beginning in the third quarter of 2014, we began to assess both historical and implied volatility in order todetermine our estimated volatility rate. Implied volatility is now considered due to the change in our business, which occurred with the approval for the saleof AFREZZA. The expected volatility assumption is based on an assessment of the historical volatility and the implied volatility of our common stock,derived from an analysis of historical traded and quoted options on our common stock. Restricted stock units are valued based on the market price on thegrant date. We evaluate stock awards with performance conditions as to the probability that the performance conditions will be met and estimate the date atwhich the performance conditions will be met in order to properly recognize stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period.Forward ContractsIn February and October 2012, we entered into agreements with The Mann Group whereby we agreed to sell and The Mann Group agreed to purchasecommon stock and/or warrants. These agreements have been accounted for as forward contracts, having met the definition of derivative instruments inaccordance with the provisions of ASC 815. We determine the fair value of the forward contract upon its issuance, record fair value adjustments of the forwardcontract to Other income (expense) during the reporting period and through the settlement of the 45Table of Contentsforward contract, and reclassify the forward contract to equity upon settlement of the forward contract. The fair value of the forward purchase contract ishighly sensitive to the discount applied for lack of marketability and the stock price, and changes in this discount and/or the stock price could cause thevalue of the forward purchase contract to change significantly. In the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no forward purchase contracts.Accounting for Income TaxesOur management must make judgments when determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuationallowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2014, we had established a valuation allowance of $882.5 million against all of ournet deferred tax asset balance, due to uncertainties related to the realizability of our deferred tax assets as a result of our history of operating losses. Thevaluation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax assets will berecoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to change the valuationallowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.Results of OperationsYears ended December 31, 2014 and 2013RevenuesDuring the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we did not recognize any revenue.Research and Development ExpensesThe following table provides a comparison of the research and development expense categories for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (dollarsin thousands): Year EndedDecember 31, 2014 2013 $ Change % Change Clinical $27,962 $42,711 $(14,749) (35)% Manufacturing 44,901 40,530 4,371 11% Research 5,841 6,351 (510) (8)% Research and development tax credit (817) (282) (535) 190% Stock-based compensation expense 22,357 20,409 1,948 10% Research and development expenses $100,244 $109,719 $(9,475) (9)% The decrease in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013 was driven bya decrease in clinical trial related expenses of $14.8 million with the completion of two Phase 3 clinical studies of AFREZZA in 2013. This decrease is offsetby $4.4 million increased manufacturing spending due to supply purchases, increased headcount for commercial readiness and a $1.9 million increase instock-based compensation resulting from the net effect of $10.4 million in increased stock-based compensation expense due to the modification andsettlement of value during 2014 for certain performance awards. The foregoing increase in stock-based compensation in 2014 was partially offset by anoverall decrease in stock-based compensation of $7.1 million due to the decreased recognition period in 2014 as a result of the achievement of milestonesunder company-wide performance-based grants in the second and third quarters of 2014, in addition to a reduction of other option and award compensationof $1.4 million due to a reduction in force.We began commercial manufacturing in the latter part of the fourth quarter of 2014. As such, commercial manufacturing costs incurred in the fourthquarter and included in manufacturing expenses above are immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2014.We anticipate that our overall research and development expenses will decrease in 2015 compared to 2014 due to manufacturing efforts related to theSanofi License Agreement and pursuing new product opportunities. 46Table of ContentsGeneral and Administrative ExpensesThe following table provides a comparison of the general and administrative expense categories for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (dollarsin thousands): Year EndedDecember 31, 2014 2013 $ Change % Change Salaries, employee related and other general expenses $53,118 $34,905 $18,213 52% Stock-based compensation expense 26,265 24,777 1,488 6% General and administrative expenses $79,383 $59,682 $19,701 33% General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased compared to the prior year, driven by increased professional fees of$15.4 million associated with the closing of the Sanofi License Agreement, the amendment of the Facility Agreement and assessment of new productopportunities. Salaries and employee-related expenses increased $2.8 million in 2014 primarily due to increased compensation related to the achievement ofsignificant corporate milestones and severance expense related to a reduction in force in the fourth quarter of 2014. Stock-based compensation expenseincreased $1.5 million resulting from the net effect of $12.6 million in increased stock-based compensation expense due to the modification and settlementof value during 2014 for certain performance awards, partially offset by an overall decrease in stock-based compensation of $9.5 million due to the decreasedrecognition period in 2014 as a result of the achievement of milestones under company-wide performance based grants in the second and third quarters of2014, in addition to a reduction of other option and award compensation of $1.9 million due to a reduction in force.We expect general and administrative expenses to decrease in 2015 as compared to 2014 due to a decrease in professional fees and stock-basedcompensation expense.Other Income (Expense)Other income for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $1.7 million resulting from the sale of intellectual property related to oncology in the thirdquarter of 2014 in the amount of $7.9 million, partially offset by a $6.4 million non-cash charge recognized upon the conversion of 2019 notes into equity.For the year ended December 31, 2013, other expense was $0.6 million related to the loss on conversion of debt to equity at the end of 2013 upon theconversion of 2019 notes into common stock in accordance with the Facility Agreement.Interest Income and ExpenseInterest expense decreased $1.1 million from $21.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 to $20.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014due to lower principal balances resulting from the repayment of senior convertible notes and the conversion of 2019 notes into equity in 2014.Years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012RevenuesDuring the years ended December 31, 2013 we recognized no revenue and during the year ended December 31, 2012, we recognized $35,000 in revenueunder a license agreement. 47Table of ContentsResearch and Development ExpensesThe following table provides a comparison of the research and development expense categories for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollarsin thousands): Year EndedDecember 31, 2013 2012 $ Change % Change Clinical $42,711 $47,936 $(5,225) (11)% Manufacturing 40,530 40,094 436 1% Research 6,351 7,614 (1,263) (17)% Research and development tax credit (282) (289) 7 (2)% Stock-based compensation expense 20,409 6,167 14,242 231% Research and development expenses $109,719 $101,522 $8,197 8% The increase in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 was driven byan increase in stock-based compensation expense of $14.2 million in connection with company-wide performance-based grants in the first and secondquarters of 2013, as well as a full year of expense from grants in early 2012, and the achievement of certain milestones in the fourth quarter of 2013. Thisincrease is offset by a decrease of $5.2 million in clinical study related expenses from the completion of two Phase 3 studies in the second quarter of 2013,and $1.3 million in reduced research expenses resulting from the positive effect of our cost cutting measures in addition to decreasing efforts in other non-AFREZZA related research as we focused on our primary objective of gaining approval of AFREZZA.General and Administrative ExpensesThe following table provides a comparison of the general and administrative expense categories for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollarsin thousands): Year EndedDecember 31, 2013 2012 $ Change % Change Salaries, employee related and other general expenses $34,905 $38,348 $(3,443) (9)% Stock-based compensation expense 24,777 7,125 17,652 248% General and administrative expenses $59,682 $45,473 $14,209 31% General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased as compared to the prior year driven by an increase in stock-basedcompensation expense of $17.7 million in connection with company-wide performance-based grants to all employees, in the first and second quarters of2013, as well as a full year of expense from grants in early 2012, and the achievement of certain milestones in the fourth quarter of 2013. This increase waspartially offset by a $4.2 million decrease in legal and professional fees.Other Income (Expense)Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $0.6 million as compared to other expense of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31,2012. In 2013, other expense reflects the loss on conversion of debt to equity at the end of 2013 related to the conversion of 2019 notes in accordance withthe Facility Agreement. In 2012, other expense reflects the adjustment in fair value of forward purchase contracts with our principal stockholder.Interest Income and ExpenseInterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 was relatively consistent compared to the year ended December 31, 2012, due to lower interestexpense on our note payable to our principal stockholder in 2013 as a result of a lower carrying value being offset by higher interest expense associated withthe 2019 notes issued in 2013. 48Table of ContentsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesTo date, we have funded our operations through the sale of equity securities and convertible debt securities, borrowings under the Loan Arrangement withThe Mann Group and borrowings under the Facility Agreement with Deerfield.As of December 31, 2014, we had $229.5 million principal amount of outstanding debt, consisting of: • $100.0 million principal amount of 2015 notes bearing interest at 5.75% per annum and maturing on August 15, 2015; • $60.0 million principal amount of 2019 notes bearing interest at 9.75% per annum, $5.0 million of which is due and payable in July 2016, $15.0million of which is due and payable in July 2017, $15.0 million of which is due and payable in July 2018 and $25.0 million of which is due andpayable in July and December 2019; • $20.0 million principal amount of Tranche B notes bearing interest at 8.75% per annum, $5.0 million of which is due and payable in each of May2017, 2018 and 2019, the balance of which is due and payable in December 2019; and • $49.5 million principal amount of indebtedness under the loan arrangement, dated as of October 2, 2007, between us and The Mann Group LLC (asamended, restated or otherwise modified as of the date hereof, the “Loan Arrangement”) bearing interest at 5.84% and maturing and due on January 5,2020.As of December 31, 2014, the amount available for future borrowings under the Loan Arrangement was $30.1 million. We anticipate using a portion ofthese available borrowings to capitalize accrued interest into principal, upon mutual agreement of the parties, as it becomes due and payable under the LoanArrangement.In addition, we may borrow up to an aggregate $175.0 million pursuant to the Sanofi Loan Facility to fund our share of net losses under the Sanofi LicenseAgreement. Subsequent to December 31, 2014, we borrowed $3.0 million under the Sanofi Loan Facility to settle the corresponding portion of the loss, whichwas reclassified from current deferred payments from collaboration to other long term liabilities. We will be required to make mandatory prepayments on anyoutstanding loans under the Sanofi Loan Facility from our share of any profits under the Sanofi License Agreement.In connection with the execution of the Facility Agreement, on July 1, 2013, we issued Milestone Rights to the Milestone Purchasers. The MilestoneRights provide the Milestone Purchasers certain rights to receive payments of up to $90.0 million upon the occurrence of specified strategic and salesmilestones, including the first commercial sale of an AFREZZA product and the achievement of specified net sales figures.In the third quarter of 2014, the first milestone triggering event was achieved following our entry into the Sanofi License Agreement. In connection withthe milestone triggering event, we paid a $5.0 million payment to Deerfield pursuant to the terms of the Milestone Agreement in the fourth quarter of 2014.In March 2014, we entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement with MLV & Co. LLC (“MLV”) and an At-The-Market Issuance SalesAgreement with Meyers Associates, L.P. (doing business as Brinson Patrick, a division of Meyers Associates, L.P.) (“Brinson Patrick”). We refer to theforegoing agreements as the “ATM Agreements.” Under each ATM Agreement, we may issue or sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offeringprice of up to $50.0 million from time to time through MLV or Brinson Patrick, as our sales agents, provided in no event may we sell more than $50.0 millionof common stock under both agreements in the aggregate, and provided no sales may be made except pursuant to an effective registration statement. Weexpect that all or substantially all sales of our common stock made under the ATM Agreements will be made in “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We have not yet sold or issued any shares of our common stock under the ATM Agreements. There can be noassurance that we will be able to access capital through the ATM Agreements on a timely basis, or at all.On August 11, 2014, we and Sanofi executed the Sanofi License Agreement, which subsequently became effective on September 23, 2014. Pursuant to theSanofi License Agreement, we received a $150.0 million 49Table of Contentsupfront payment and a subsequent $50.0 million in milestone payments upon satisfaction of certain manufacturing milestones specified in the Sanofi LicenseAgreement. We are eligible to earn up to $725.0 million in further development, regulatory and sales milestones, and are also eligible to receive a share ofprofits on sales of AFREZZA. Worldwide profits and losses will be shared 65% by Sanofi and 35% by us. Pursuant to a separate supply agreement, we willmanufacture AFREZZA at our manufacturing facility in Danbury, Connecticut to supply Sanofi’s demand for AFREZZA. Pursuant to the Insulin SupplyAgreement with Amphastar, we have agreed to purchase annual minimum quantities of insulin under the Insulin Supply Agreement of an aggregate total ofapproximately €120.1 million in calendar years 2015 through 2019.During the year ended December 31, 2014, our operations provided $4.1 million of cash and we had a net loss of $198.4 million, which included $67.2million of non-cash charges consisting of depreciation and accretion, and stock-based compensation. By comparison, during the year ended December 31,2013, we used $128.7 million of cash for our operations and had a net loss of $191.5 million, which included $59.2 million of non-cash charges consisting ofdepreciation and accretion, and stock-based compensation. The operating cash outflow decreased by $132.8 million primarily due to the $150.0 milliondeferred up-front payment recorded from the up-front fee associated with the Sanofi License Agreement being partially offset by the $15.0 million deposit toAmphastar as prepayment for 2015 quantities of insulin as part of the Supply Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2013, operating cash flowdecreased by $10.6 million due to decreases in the following: accrued expenses associated with the clinical trials, accrued interest associated with our loanarrangement with The Mann Group due to the capitalization of the outstanding balance in October 2013, and accrued expenses related to equipment in 2013.As a result, cash used for operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 increased by $8.9 million compared to 2012. Going forward, we expect ouroperating cash flow to be negative at least until we achieve profitability with AFREZZA.We used $24.1 million of cash for investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to $8.0 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2013. The $16.1 million increase was due to in purchases of machinery and equipment for the preparation for commercialization of AFREZZA.For the year ended December 31, 2013, the cash used for investing activities increased by $7.4 million of which $8.0 was due to the purchase of machineryand equipment to expand our manufacturing operations and our quality systems that supported clinical trials for AFREZZA in 2013, as compared to$0.6 million of machinery and equipment purchased in 2012.Our financing activities provided $70.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to $145.7 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2014, cash provided by financing activities was comprised of $40.0 million in proceeds received fromthe issuance of the fourth tranche of 2019 notes to Deerfield, $20.0 million from the sale of Tranche B notes to Deerfield, $27.8 million from warrantexercises, and $12.3 million from the exercise of stock options, which were partially offset by $26.9 million paid for employment taxes related to vestedrestricted stock units and a $3.2 million milestone principal payment. For the year ended December 31, 2013 cash provided by financing activities was from$119.5 million in proceeds received from issuance of the 2019 notes and the Milestone Rights and $94.2 million net proceeds from warrants exercised.Additionally, there were $48.9 million in the net proceeds from use of our prior at-the market issuance sales agreements and on December 15, 2013, we paid$115.0 million to repay the 2013 notes upon maturity.As of December 31, 2014, we had $120.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. We expect to continue to incur significant expenditures to supportcommercial manufacturing of AFREZZA and the development of other product candidates. In addition, the 2015 notes in the aggregate principal amount of$100.0 million have a maturity date of August 15, 2015, and payment on the outstanding amount is due in full, if not converted into common shares, on thatdate. Based upon our current operating plan, including our expectation that we will be able to convert or refinance the 2015 notes, we believe that ourexisting cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. We may need toraise additional capital, whether through the sale of equity or debt securities, additional strategic business collaborations, the establishment of other fundingfacilities, licensing arrangements, asset sales or other means. 50Table of ContentsHowever, we cannot provide assurances that such additional capital, if needed, will be available through these or other means.We intend to use our capital resources to support the commercialization of AFREZZA. We are expending a portion of our capital resources to scale up ourmanufacturing capabilities in our Danbury facilities and to develop our other product candidates. We also intend to use our capital resources for generalcorporate purposes.If we enter into strategic business collaborations with respect to our other product candidates, we would expect, as part of the transaction, to receiveadditional capital. In addition, we expect to pursue the sale of equity and/or debt securities, including potentially sales of our common stock through theATM Agreements, or the establishment of other funding facilities. Issuances of debt or additional equity could impact the rights of our existing stockholders,dilute the ownership percentages of our existing stockholders and may impose restrictions on our operations. These restrictions could include limitations onadditional borrowing, specific restrictions on the use of our assets as well as prohibitions on our ability to create liens, pay dividends, redeem our stock ormake investments. We also may seek to raise additional capital by pursuing opportunities for the licensing, sale or divestiture of certain intellectual propertyand other assets, including our Technosphere technology platform. There can be no assurance, however, that any strategic collaboration, sale of securities orsale or license of assets will be available to us on a timely basis or on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may berequired to enter into agreements with third parties to develop or commercialize products or technologies that we otherwise would have sought to developindependently, and any such agreements may not be on terms as commercially favorable to us.We cannot provide assurances that our plans will not change or that changed circumstances will not result in the depletion of our capital resources morerapidly than we currently anticipate. If planned operating results are not achieved or we are not successful in raising additional capital, if needed, throughequity or debt financing or entering business collaborations, we may be required to reduce expenses through the delay, reduction or curtailment of ourprojects, or further reduction of costs for facilities and administration, and there could be substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsAs of December 31, 2014, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.Contractual ObligationsOur contractual obligations represent future cash commitments and liabilities under agreements with third parties, and exclude contingent liabilities forwhich we cannot reasonably predict future payments. Accordingly, the table below excludes contractual obligations relating to milestone and royaltypayments due to third parties, all of which are contingent upon certain future events. The expected timing of payment of the obligations presented (excludingpayments in respect of the Milestone Rights) below are estimated based on current information. Future payments relate to operating lease obligations, the2015 notes, the facility financing obligation, open purchase order and supply commitments, and contractual minimum purchase commitments under theInsulin Supply Agreement with Amphastar, and consisted of the following at December 31, 2014 (in thousands): Payments Due in Contractual Obligations Less ThanOne Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than5 Years Total Open purchase order and supply commitments(1) $39,135 $325 $650 $250 $40,360 2015 notes(2) 103,610 — — — 103,610 Note payable to principal stockholder(3) — — 64,243 — 64,243 Facility financing obligation(4) 7,600 62,753 37,338 — 107,691 Insulin supply agreement (5) 28,166 84,782 28,260 — 141,208 Operating lease obligations 348 25 — — 373 Total contractual obligations $178,859 $147,885 $130,491 $250 $457,485 51Table of Contents (1)The amounts included in open purchase order and supply commitments are subject to performance under the purchase order or contract by the supplierof the goods or services and do not become our obligation until such performance is rendered. The amount shown is principally for the purchase ofmaterials for our clinical trials, the acquisition of manufacturing equipment, and commitments related to the expansion of our manufacturing plant. (2)The amounts include future interest payments at fixed rates of 5.75% and payment of the 2015 notes in full upon maturity in 2015. (3)The obligation for the note payable to the principal stockholder includes future principal and interest payments related to the $49.5 million ofborrowings as of December 31, 2014. Interest is accrued based on a fixed rate of 5.84% and the outstanding principal amount and all accrued interestthereon will be due on January 5, 2020. (4)The facility financing obligation includes future principal and interest payments on $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2019 notes issued inthe first and fourth tranches under the Facility Agreement, and on $20.0 million aggregate principal amount of Tranche B notes, payable in accordancewith the provisions of the Facility Agreement, as amended. Interest accrues on the 2019 notes at a fixed rate of 9.75% per annum and on the Tranche Bnotes at a fixed rate of 8.75% per annum. (5)On July 31, 2014, we entered into the Insulin Supply Agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to purchase certain annual minimum quantities ofinsulin for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately €120.1 million for calendar years 2015 through 2019. Future payments due wereconverted to U.S. dollars using the December 31, 2014 euro-to-dollar exchange.Related Party TransactionsFor a description of our related party transactions see Note 7 — Related-Party Arrangements in the notes to our financial statements.Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, a new standard was issued related to revenue recognition, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects tobe entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard will replace most of the existing revenue recognition standards inU.S. GAAP when it becomes effective on January 1, 2017. Early adoption is not permitted. The new standard allows for either “full retrospective” adoption,whereby the new standard is applied to each prior reporting period presented or “modified retrospective” adoption, whereby the new standard is only appliedto the most current period presented with the cumulative effect of the change recognized at the date of the initial application. We are assessing the potentialimpact of the new standard on its consolidated statements of financial position and results of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and has not yetselected a transition method.In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-10, Development Stage Entities (Topic 915): Elimination of Certain Financial Reporting Requirements,Including an Amendment to Variable Interest Entities Guidance in Topic 810, Consolidation. The amendments in this ASU remove all incremental financialreporting requirements from GAAP for development stage entities, including the removal of Topic 915, Development Stage Entities, from the FASBAccounting Standards Codification. In addition, the ASU: (a) adds an example disclosure in Topic 275, Risks and Uncertainties, to illustrate one way that anentity that has not begun planned principal operations could provide information about the risks and uncertainties related to the company’s currentactivities; and (b) removes an exception provided to development stage entities in Topic 810, Consolidation, for determining whether an entity is a variableinterest entity. The presentation and disclosure requirements in Topic 915 will no longer be required for the first annual period beginning after December 15,2014. The revised consolidation standards are effective one year later, in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. Weearly adopted ASU 2014-10 resulting in the elimination of certain presentation and disclosure requirements previously required by topic 915. 52Table of ContentsOn August 27, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, which provides guidance on determining when and how reporting entities must disclose going-concern uncertainties in their financial statements. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability tocontinue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which thefinancial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, an entity must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about theentity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” The ASU is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter; earlyadoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2014-15 will have on our consolidated financial statements.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates impacting our short-term investment portfolio as well as the interest rate on thepromissory note underlying our Loan Arrangement with The Mann Group, Senior Convertible Notes due 2015, Tranche 1 and Tranche 4 notes, and TrancheB notes.Interest Rate RiskDue to the fixed interest rates of our debt, we currently do not have an exposure to changes in our interest expense as a result of changes in interest rates.The interest rate on amounts borrowed under our Loan Arrangement with The Mann Group for the year ended December 31, 2014 was a fixed rate equal to5.84%. As of December 31, 2014, the total principal amount outstanding under the Loan Arrangement was $49.5 million. We also have debt related to ourSenior Convertible Notes due 2015 at a fixed interest rate of 5.75%, debt related to the Tranche 1 and Tranche 4 notes at a fixed interest rate of 9.75%, anddebt related to the Tranche B notes at a fixed interest rate of 8.75%.Our current policy requires us to maintain a highly liquid short-term investment portfolio consisting mainly of U.S. money market funds and investment-grade corporate, government and municipal debt. None of these investments are entered into for trading purposes. Our cash is deposited in and investedthrough highly rated financial institutions in North America.If a change in interest rates equal to 10% of the interest rates on December 31, 2014 were to have occurred, this change would not have had a materialeffect on the value of our short-term investment portfolio or on our interest expense obligations with respect to outstanding borrowed amounts.Foreign Currency Exchange RiskWe will incur significant expenditures for insulin supply obligation under our supply agreement with Amphastar. Such obligations are denominated in theeuros. At the end of each reporting period, these liabilities are converted to U.S. dollars at the then-applicable foreign exchange rate. As a result, our businessis affected by fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. We have not entered into foreign currency hedging transactionsto mitigate our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks, but may enter into foreign currency hedging transactions in the future. Exchange ratefluctuations may adversely affect our expenses, results of operations, financial position and cash flows. If in 2014 we had been required to purchase theminimum quarterly supply purchases of insulin contemplated under our supply agreement with Amphastar, and. if a change in the U.S. dollar to euroexchange rate equal to 10% of the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate on December 31, 2014 were to have occurred on December 31, 2014, this change wouldnot have had a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataThe information required by this Item is included in Items 15(a)(1) and (2) of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 53Table of ContentsItem 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone.Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controlsand procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as ofDecember 31, 2014. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls andother procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits underthe Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules andforms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosedby a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that anycontrols and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and managementnecessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosurecontrols and procedures as of December 31, 2014, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosurecontrols and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financialreporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’sprincipal executive and principal financial officers and effected by a company’s board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonableassurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP.Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted anevaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework set forth inInternal Control — Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as ofDecember 31, 2014. Deloitte & Touche LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this 2014Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, which is included herein.Changes in Internal Control Over Financial ReportingIn June 2014, we obtained approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to sell our first product, AFREZZA. Effective September 23, 2014 wealso entered in to the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi Supply Agreement, Sanofi Loan Facility and we commenced commercial manufacturing in the fourthquarter of 2014. We have designed and implemented new processes and internal controls to address collaboration arrangements and inventory to ensure thatinformation required to be disclosed by us is recorded, processed, summarized and reported. The addition of these new control processes is considered amaterial change in our system of internal controls over financial reporting. 54Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmTo the Board of Directors and Stockholders of MannKind CorporationValencia, CaliforniaWe have audited the internal control over financial reporting of MannKind Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014, basedon criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the TreadwayCommission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of theeffectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards requirethat we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in allmaterial respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weaknessexists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures aswe considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive andprincipal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel toprovide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordancewith generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertainto the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generallyaccepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of managementand directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or dispositionof the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override ofcontrols, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of theeffectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because ofchanges in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on thecriteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financialstatements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 of the Company and our report dated March 2, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on thosefinancial statements and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern./s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLPLos Angeles, CaliforniaMarch 2, 2015 55Table of ContentsItem 9B. Other Information.NonePART IIICertain information required by Part III is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K, because we will file our Proxy Statement within 120 days afterthe end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 pursuant to Regulations 14A for our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and the information includedin the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.(a) Executive Officers — For information regarding the identification and business experience of our executive officers, see “Executive Officers of theRegistrant” in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.(b) Directors — The information required by this Item regarding the identification and business experience of our directors and corporate governancematters is contained in the section entitled “Proposal 1 — Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance Principles and Board and Committee Matters”in the Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.Additional information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership ReportingCompliance” in the Proxy Statement.We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy that applies to our directors and employees (including our principal executive officer,principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller), and have posted the text of the policy on our website (www.mannkindcorp.com) inconnection with “Investors” materials. In addition, we intend to promptly disclose on our website (i) the nature of any amendment to the policy that appliesto our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and (ii) thenature of any waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of the policy that is granted to one of these specified individuals, the name of suchperson who is granted the waiver and the date of the waiver, to the extent any such waiver is required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations ofthe SEC.Item 11. Executive CompensationThe information under the caption “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation of Directors,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and InsiderParticipation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersThe information under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Securities Authorized for Issuance underEquity Compensation Plans” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.Item 13. Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director IndependenceThe information under the caption “Certain Transactions” and “Corporate Governance Principles and Board and Committee Matters” in the ProxyStatement is incorporated herein by reference.Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and ServicesThe information under the caption “Principal Accounting Fees and Services” and “Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures” in the Proxy Statement isincorporated herein by reference.With the exception of the information specifically incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the ProxyStatement shall not be deemed to be filed as part of this report. Without limiting the foregoing, the information under the captions “Report of the AuditCommittee of the Board of Directors” in the Proxy Statement is not incorporated by reference. 56Table of ContentsPART IVItem 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules(a) The following documents are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K:(1)(2) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules. The following Financial Statements of MannKind Corporation, FinancialStatement Schedules and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in a separate section of this report beginning on page67: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 64 Consolidated Balance Sheets 65 Consolidated Statements of Operations 66 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 67 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit 68 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 69 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 70 All financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required information is not applicable or not present in amounts sufficient to requiresubmission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.(3) Exhibits. The exhibits listed under Item 15(b) hereof are filed or furnished with, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement is identified separately in Item 15(b) hereof.(b) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed or furnished as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K: ExhibitNumber Description of Document3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (FileNo. 333-115020), originally filed with the SEC on April 30, 2004, as amended).3.2 Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s QuarterlyReport on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on August 9, 2007).3.3 Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Quarterlyreport on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on August 2, 2010).3.4 Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Reporton Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on July 1, 2013).3.5 Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originallyfiled with the SEC on November 19, 2007).4.1 Form of common stock certificate (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50865),originally filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013).4.2 Indenture, by and between MannKind and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., dated August 24, 2010 (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on August 24, 2010). 57Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Description of Document4.3 Form of 5.75% Senior Convertible Note due 2015 (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on August 24, 2010).4.4 Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock issued February 8, 2012 (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on February 6, 2012).4.5 Form of 9.75% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note due 2019 (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s current report on Form 8-K(File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on July 1, 2013).4.6 Form of Amended and Restated 9.75% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note due 2019 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit4.7 to MannKind’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on March 3, 2014).4.9 Milestone Rights Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013, by and among MannKind, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. andHorizon Santé FLML SÁRL (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originally filedwith the SEC on July 1, 2013).4.10 Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013, by and among MannKind, MannKind LLC, Deerfield Private Design Fund II,L.P., Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P. and Horizon Santé FLML SÁRL (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on July 1, 2013).4.11 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013, by and among MannKind, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. and DeerfieldPrivate Design International II, L.P. (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originallyfiled with the SEC on July 1, 2013).4.12 Facility Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013, by and among MannKind Corporation, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. and DeerfieldPrivate Design International II, L.P (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), originallyfiled with the SEC on July 1, 2013).4.13 First Amendment to Facility Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2014, by and among MannKind,Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. and Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P. (see Exhibit 10.39).4.14 Form of Tranche B Senior Secured Note due 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to MannKind’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q(File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on May 12, 2014).4.15 Second Amendment to Facility Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2014, by and among MannKind,Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. and Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 toMannKind’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on November 10, 2014).4.15 Senior Secured Revolving Promissory Note, dated as of September 23, 2014, by and between MannKind Corporation and Aventisub LLC(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC onSeptember 29, 2014).4.17 Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of September 23, 2014, by and among MannKind Corporation, MannKind LLC and AventisubLLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC onSeptember 29, 2014). 58Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Description of Document10.1 Amended and Restated Promissory Note made by MannKind in favor of The Mann Group LLC, dated October 18, 2012 (incorporated byreference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on October 19, 2012).10.2 Agreement, dated September 13, 2006, between MannKind and Torcon, Inc. (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on August 9, 2007).10.3 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 2, 2005 by and among MannKind and the purchasers listed on Exhibit A thereto (incorporatedby reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on August 5, 2005).10.4** Supply Agreement, dated December 31, 2004, between MannKind and Vaupell, Inc. (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on February 23, 2005).10.5* Form of Indemnity Agreement entered into between MannKind and each of its directors and officers(incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-115020), filed with the SEC on April 30, 2004,as amended).10.6* Description of Officers’ Incentive Program (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50865),originally filed with the SEC on March 16, 2006).10.7* Executive Severance Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and Hakan Edstrom (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.8* Executive Severance Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and David Thomson (incorporated by reference toMannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.9* Executive Severance Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and Juergen Martens (incorporated by reference toMannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.10* Executive Severance Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and Diane Palumbo (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.11* Executive Severance Agreement, dated April 21, 2008, between MannKind and Matthew J. Pfeffer (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.12* Change of Control Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and Hakan Edstrom (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.13* Change of Control Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and David Thomson (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.14* Change of Control Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and Juergen Martens (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.15* Change of Control Agreement, dated October 10, 2007, between MannKind and Diane Palumbo (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007). 59Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Description of Document10.16* Change of Control Agreement, dated April 21, 2008, between MannKind and Matthew J. Pfeffer (incorporated by reference to MannKind’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), as amended, filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007).10.17* 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s proxy statement on Schedule 14A (File No. 000-50865), originally filed with the SEC on April 6, 2012).10.18* Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Registration Statementon Form S-1 (File No. 333-115020), originally filed with the SEC on April 30, 2004, as amended).10.19* Form of Phantom Stock Award Agreement under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Reporton Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on December 14, 2005).10.20* 2004 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan and form of stock option agreement there under (incorporated by reference toMannKind’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on March 16, 2006).10.21* 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of offering document there under (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s RegistrationStatement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-115020), originally filed with the SEC on April 30, 2004, as amended).10.22** Letter Agreement, dated June 4, 2011, between MannKind and N.V. Organon (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report onForm 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on July 1, 2013).10.23** Insulin Maintenance and Call-Option Agreement, dated June 19, 2009, by and among Pfizer Manufacturing Frankfurt GmbH, Pfizer Inc.and MannKind (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC onMay 4, 2009).10.24 Share Lending Agreement, dated August 18, 2010, by and between MannKind and Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference toMannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on August 24, 2010).10.25 At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated March 3, 2014, by and between MannKind and MLV & Co. LLC (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.31 to MannKind’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on March 3, 2014).10.26 At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated March 3, 2014, by and between MannKind and Meyers Associates, L.P. (doing businessas Brinson Patrick, a division of Meyers Associates, L.P.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to MannKind’s Annual Report onForm 10-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on March 3, 2014).10.27* Acknowledgment and Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2013, by and between MannKind and The Mann Group LLC (incorporated byreference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on November 4, 2013).10.28* Non-Employee Director Compensation Program (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on August 9, 2013).10.29* MannKind Corporation 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s registration statement on Form S-8 (FileNo. 000-188790), filed with the SEC on May 23, 2013).10.30* Form of Stock Option Grant Notice, Stock Option Agreement and Notice of Exercise under the MannKind 2013 Equity Incentive Plan(incorporated by reference to MannKind’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 000-188790), filed with the SEC on May 23, 2013). 60Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Description of Document 10.31* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the MannKind 2013 Equity Incentive Plan(incorporated by reference to MannKind’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 000-188790), filed with the SEC on May 23, 2013). 10.32 Facility Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013, by and among MannKind, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. and Deerfield Private DesignInternational II, L.P. (incorporated by reference to MannKind’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC onJuly 1, 2013). 10.33 First Amendment to Facility Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2014, by and among MannKind,Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., and Deerfield Private (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to MannKind’s Annual Report onForm 10-K (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on March 3, 2014). 10.34** License and Collaboration Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2014, by and among MannKind Corporation, Technosphere InternationalC.V., MannKind Netherlands B.V. and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to MannKind’sQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on November 10, 2014). 10.35** Supply Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2014, by and between MannKind and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.2 to MannKind’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC on November 10, 2014). 10.36** Supply Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2014, by and between MannKind Corporation and Amphastar France Pharmaceuticals S.A.S.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to MannKind’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50865), filed with the SEC onNovember 10, 2014). 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. 24.1 Power of Attorney (see signature page hereto). 31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 31.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 32 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(b) and 15d-14(b) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934, as amended and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350). 101 Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T. *Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. **Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the SEC. 61Table of ContentsSIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. MANNKIND CORPORATIONBy: /s/ Hakan S. Edstrom Hakan S. Edstrom President, Chief Executive Officer and DirectorDated: March 2, 2015POWER OF ATTORNEYKNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Hakan S. Edstrom, Matthew J. Pfeffer andDavid Thomson, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or herand in his or her name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report, and any other documents in connectiontherewith, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, andeach of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully toall intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them ortheir or his substitute or substituted, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of theRegistrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date/s/ Hakan S. EdstromHakan S. Edstrom President, Chief Executive Officer and Director(Principal Executive Officer) March 2, 2015/s/ Matthew J. PfefferMatthew J. Pfeffer Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) March 2, 2015/s/ Alfred E. MannAlfred E. Mann Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors March 2, 2015/s/ Ronald J. ConsiglioRonald J. Consiglio Director March 2, 2015/s/ Michael FriedmanMichael Friedman, M.D. Director March 2, 2015/s/ Kent KresaKent Kresa Director March 2, 2015/s/ David H. MacCallumDavid H. MacCallum Director March 2, 2015/s/ Henry L. NordhoffHenry L. Nordhoff Director March 2, 2015 62Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESINDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 64 Consolidated Balance Sheets 65 Consolidated Statements of Operations 66 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 67 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit 68 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 69 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 70 63Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmTo the Board of Directors and Stockholders of MannKind CorporationValencia, CaliforniaWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MannKind Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014and 2013 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the three years in theperiod ended December 31, 2014. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express anopinion on the financial statements based on our audits.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards requirethat we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includesexamining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accountingprinciples used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our auditsprovide a reasonable basis for our opinion.In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of MannKind Corporation andsubsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period endedDecember 31, 2014, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed inNote 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s existing cash resources and its operating losses since inception raise substantial doubt aboutits ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans concerning these matters are also described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internalcontrol over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by theCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 2, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on theCompany’s internal control over financial reporting./s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLPLos Angeles, CaliforniaMarch 2, 2015 64Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2014 2013 (In thousands, exceptshare data) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $120,841 $70,790 Receivables from collaboration 50,436 — Inventory 9,670 — Prepaid expenses and other current assets 20,206 5,485 Total current assets 201,153 76,275 Property and equipment — net 192,127 176,557 State research and development credit exchange receivable — net of current portion 311 298 Other assets 848 5,516 Total $394,439 $258,646 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT Current liabilities: Accounts payable $7,394 $3,860 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 26,206 21,634 Facility financing obligation 72,995 102,300 Senior convertible notes 99,355 — Deferred payments from collaboration 197,403 — Total current liabilities 403,353 127,794 Senior convertible notes — 98,439 Note payable to principal stockholder 49,521 49,521 Other liabilities 15,335 13,605 Total liabilities 468,209 289,359 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ deficit: Undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value — 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding atDecember 31, 2014 and 2013 — — Common stock, $0.01 par value — 550,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively;406,059,089 and 369,391,972 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively 4,061 3,697 Additional paid-in capital 2,416,967 2,261,996 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (14) (4) Accumulated deficit (2,494,784) (2,296,402) Total stockholders’ deficit (73,770) (30,713) Total $394,439 $258,646 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 65Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands, except per share data) Revenue $— $— $35 Operating expenses: Research and development 100,244 109,719 101,522 General and administrative 79,383 59,682 45,473 Total operating expenses 179,627 169,401 146,995 Loss from operations (179,627) (169,401) (146,960) Other income (expense) 1,679 (635) (1,191) Interest expense on note payable to principal stockholder (2,894) (6,309) (10,491) Interest expense on notes (17,549) (15,153) (11,139) Interest income 9 8 7 Loss before benefit for income taxes (198,382) (191,490) (169,774) Income tax benefit — — 408 Net loss $(198,382) (191,490) $(169,366) Net loss per share — basic and diluted $(0.51) $(0.64) $(0.94) Shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share 385,229 299,591 180,855 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 66Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS Year ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) Net Loss $(198,382) $(191,490) $(169,366) Other comprehensive loss: Cumulative translation (loss) gain (10) 2 (2) Unrealized gain (loss) on investments: Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net loss — — (48) Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments — — (48) Other comprehensive loss (10) 2 (50) Comprehensive loss $(198,392) $(191,488) $(169,416) See notes to consolidated financial statements. 67Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (In thousands) Common Stock AdditionalPaid-InCapital Accumulatedothercomprehensiveincome (loss) Accumulateddeficit Shares Amount Total BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2012 131,523 $1,315 $1,620,535 $44 $(1,935,546) $(313,652) Exercise of stock options 3 — 9 — — 9 Issuance of common shares from the release of restricted stock units 886 9 (915) — — (906) Issuance of common shares pursuant to underwritten public offerings 81,938 819 166,045 — — 166,864 Issuance of common shares in exchange for cancelling equal amounts of note payable to principalstockholder 71,250 713 183,824 — — 184,537 Fair value of forward purchase contracts — — 1,237 — — 1,237 Issuance of common shares pursuant to litigation settlement 225 2 436 — — 438 Commitment to deliver common shares pursuant to litigation settlement to additional paid-in capital — — 6,056 — — 6,056 Issuance of common shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan 211 2 860 — — 862 Stock-based compensation — — 13,292 — — 13,292 Cumulative translation (loss) gain — — — (2) — (2) Reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net loss — — — (48) (48) Net loss — — — — (169,366) (169,366) BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2012 286,035 2,860 1,991,379 (6) (2,104,912) (110,679) Exercise of stock options 880 9 2,261 — — 2,270 Issuance of common shares from the release of restricted stock units 1,870 20 (4,821) — — (4,801) Issuance of common shares pursuant to warrant exercises 66,353 664 171,485 — — 172,149 Issuance of common shares pursuant to debt conversions by Deerfield 1,095 12 5,489 — — 5,501 Issuance of common stock pursuant to ATM issuances 9,824 99 48,789 — — 48,888 Issuance of common shares pursuant to litigation settlement 2,778 28 (28) — — — Issuance of common shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan 557 5 1,258 — — 1,263 Stock-based compensation — — 45,186 — — 45,186 Cumulative translation (loss) gain — — — 2 — 2 Commitment to deliver common shares pursuant to Deerfield conversion to additional paid-in capital — — 998 — — 998 Net loss — — — — (191,490) (191,490) BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2013 369,392 3,697 2,261,996 (4) (2,296,402) (30,713) Exercise of stock options 3,251 35 10,943 — — 10,978 Issuance of common shares from the release of restricted stock units 3,996 38 (26,946) — — (26,908) Issuance of common shares pursuant to warrant exercises 11,575 115 27,664 — — 27,779 Issuance of common shares pursuant to debt conversions by Deerfield 17,521 174 93,327 — — 93,501 Issuance of common shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan 324 2 1,361 — — 1,363 Remeasurement of performance based grants pursuant to the modification of terms — — 22,962 — — 22,962 Stock-based compensation — — 25,660 — — 25,660 Cumulative translation (loss) gain — — — (10) — (10) Net loss — — — — (198,382) (198,382) BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2014 406,059 $4,061 $2,416,967 $(14) $(2,494,784) $(73,770) See notes to consolidated financial statements. 68Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss $(198,382) $(191,490) $(169,366) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provide by (used in) operating activities: Depreciation and accretion 18,575 14,057 14,402 Stock-based compensation expense 48,622 45,186 13,292 Loss (gain) on sale, abandonment/disposal or impairment of property and equipment 97 817 682 Loss on available-for-sale securities — — 117 Write-off of derivative liability (363) — — Write-off Tranche B Commitment Asset 1,753 — — Fair value of forward purchase contract — — 1,237 Common shares issued pursuant to litigation settlement — — 438 Commitment to deliver common shares pursuant to litigation settlement — — 6,056 Other, net (10) 2 (2) Changes in assets and liabilities: State research and development credit exchange receivable (13) 466 (290) Inventory (9,670) — — Receivables from collaboration (50,436) — — Prepaid expenses and other current assets (14,721) (965) (1,545) Other assets (615) — — Accounts payable 3,622 (1,071) 44 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 2,276 3,675 15,075 Deferred cash payments from collaboration 200,436 — — Other liabilities 2,915 591 — Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 4,086 (128,732) (119,860) CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchase of property and equipment (24,097) (7,987) (637) Proceeds from sale of property and equipment — — 77 Net cash used in investing activities (24,097) (7,987) (560) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs 40,120 52,421 167,735 Exercise of warrants for common stock — 94,147 — Payment of 2013 notes — (115,000) — Proceeds from issuance of facility financing obligation & milestone rights 40,000 119,500 — Proceeds from issuance of Tranche B of the facility financing obligation 20,000 — — Facility financing obligation & milestone rights issuance costs — (598) — Payment of milestone rights (3,150) — — Borrowings on notes payable to principal stockholder — — 12,750 Payment of employment taxes related to vested restricted stock units (26,908) (4,801) (906) Net cash provided by financing activities 70,062 145,669 179,579 NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS $50,051 $8,950 $59,159 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD 70,790 61,840 2,681 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD $120,841 $70,790 $61,840 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOWS DISCLOSURES: Interest paid in cash, net of amounts capitalized to Construction in progress $11,218 $13,452 $9,755 Issuance of common stock pursuant to debt conversion by Deerfield 93,500 6,500 — Non-cash construction in progress and property and equipment 1,768 856 4,072 Capitalization of interest on note payable to principal stockholder — 7,886 14,219 Reduction of principal on note payable to principal stockholder upon issuance of common stock and exercise of warrants — 78,000 184,537 Forward purchase contracts contribution to additional paid-in capital — — 29,317 Reclassification of forward purchase contracts to additional paid-in capital — — 28,080 Reclassification of Collaboration loan facility obligation 3,034 — — See notes to consolidated financial statements. 69Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS1. Description of business and basis of presentationBusiness — MannKind Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development oftherapeutic products for diseases such as diabetes. Our only approved product, AFREZZA, (insulin human [rDNA origin]) inhalation powder , is a rapid-acting inhaled insulin that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) on June 27, 2014 to improve glycemic control in adultpatients with diabetes.Basis of Presentation — The Company’s primary activities since incorporation have been establishing its facilities, recruiting personnel, conductingresearch and development, business development, business and financial planning, and raising capital. It is costly to develop therapeutic products andconduct clinical studies for these products. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company has reported an accumulated deficit of $2.5 billionand has reported negative cash flow from operations since inception.At December 31, 2014, the Company’s capital resources consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $120.8 million. The Company expects to continue toincur significant expenditures to support commercial manufacturing of AFREZZA and the development of other product candidates. In addition, theCompany’s 5.75% Senior Convertible Notes due 2015 (the “2015 notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million have a maturity date ofAugust 15, 2015, and payment on the outstanding amount is due in full on that date (see Note 8 – Senior convertible notes). The facility agreement (the“Facility Agreement”) with Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P. (“Deerfield Private Design Fund”) and Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P.(collectively, “Deerfield”) and the First Amendment to Facility Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement (the “First Amendment”) additional sales of anadditional tranche of notes (the “Tranche B notes”) (see Note 17 – Facility Agreement) contains a financial covenant that requires the Company’s cash andcash equivalents, which include available borrowings under this Loan Arrangement, on the last day of each fiscal quarter to not be less than $25.0 million.Should the holders of the notes not elect to convert such notes into the Company’s common stock prior to their due date, the Company intends to refinancethe 2015 notes or raise additional funds to settle the 2015 notes. Although the Company believes that it can refinance the 2015 notes or obtain alternativefinancing to settle the 2015 notes, inherent uncertainty in achieving its projected cashflows and refinancing of the 2015 notes raises substantial doubt aboutthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of theseuncertainties.On August 11, 2014, we executed a license and collaboration agreement (the “Sanofi License Agreement”) with Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH(which subsequently assigned its rights and obligations under the agreement to Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC (“Sanofi”)), pursuant to which Sanofi is responsiblefor global commercial, regulatory and development activities for AFREZZA. The Sanofi License Agreement became effective on September 23, 2014. Wemanufacture AFREZZA at our manufacturing facility in Danbury, Connecticut to supply Sanofi’s demand for the product. In addition, we and Sanofi areplanning to collaborate to expand manufacturing capacity to meet global demand as necessary.Under the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi paid us an up-front cash payment of $150.0 million in the third quarter of 2014. As of December 31, 2014, wehave earned and recorded as Receivables from collaboration an additional $50.0 million in milestone payments in connection with the satisfaction ofspecified manufacturing milestones. Such payments were received subsequent to year end. We are also eligible to receive up to $725.0 million in additionalmilestone payments under the Sanofi License Agreement if certain development, regulatory and sales milestones are achieved. In addition, worldwide profitsand losses, which are determined based on the difference between the net sales of AFREZZA and the costs and expenses incurred by us and Sanofi that arespecifically attributable or related to the development, regulatory filings, manufacturing, or commercialization of AFREZZA, will be shared 65% by Sanofiand 35% by the us. As a result of the loss share provision, and because we do not have the ability to estimate the amount of costs that would potentially beincurred related to the Sanofi 70Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) License Agreement, the amount of up-front cash payment or milestone payments that could be recognized as revenue is not fixed or determinable. Inconnection with the Sanofi License Agreement, an affiliate of Sanofi provided us with a secured loan facility (the “Sanofi Loan Facility”) of up to $175.0million to fund our share of net losses under the Sanofi License Agreement.Additional funding sources that are, or in certain circumstances may be available to the Company, include approximately $30.1 million principal amountof available borrowings under its loan arrangement ( the “Loan Arrangement”) with The Mann Group LLC (“The Mann Group”) (see note 7 – Related-partyarrangements), potential proceeds from the exercise of warrants issued in its February 2012 public offering of approximately $19.5 million, and theCompany’s at-the-market issuance sales agreements which allow the Company to sell up to $50.0 million in common stock. The Company cannot provideassurances that its plans will not change or that changed circumstances will not result in the depletion of its capital resources more rapidly than it currentlyanticipates. The Company may need to raise additional capital, whether through a sale of equity or debt securities, a strategic business collaboration with apharmaceutical company, the establishment of other funding facilities, licensing arrangements, asset sales or other means, in order to continue thedevelopment and commercialization of AFREZZA and other product candidates and to support its other ongoing activities. However, the Company cannotprovide assurances that such additional capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all.Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-ownedsubsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.Segment Information — In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280-10-50 Segment Reporting, operating segments are identifiedas components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker inmaking decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. To date, the Company has viewed its operations and manages its business as onesegment operating in the United States of America.2. Summary of significant accounting policiesFinancial Statement Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the UnitedStates of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements andaccompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management considers many factors in selecting appropriate financial accountingpolicies, and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of the financial statements. Management must apply significantjudgment in this process. The more significant estimates reflected in these accompanying financial statements involve assessing long-lived assets forimpairment, accrued expenses, including clinical study expenses, valuation of forward purchase contracts, valuation of the facility financing obligation,commitment asset, milestone rights, valuation of stock-based compensation and the determination of the provision for income taxes and correspondingdeferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets.License and Collaboration and Supply agreements — Pursuant to the Sanofi License Agreement and the Sanofi Supply Agreement, we granted to Sanofiexclusive, worldwide licenses to certain of our patents, trademarks and know-how for the development and commercialization of AFREZZA and retained theright to be the exclusive manufacturer and supplier of AFREZZA until specified conditions are met upon which a portion of the manufacturing activities maybe assumed by Sanofi. The terms of the Sanofi License Agreement provide for consideration to us in the form of a non-refundable up-front payment, productsales, manufacturing, regulatory and sales milestone payments and profit and loss sharing. 71Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) We analyze consideration received under the provisions of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, to determine whether the consideration, or a portion thereof,could be recognized as revenue. ASC 605 provides that revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery hasoccurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured.In arrangements involving the delivery of more than one element, each required deliverable is evaluated to determine whether it qualifies as a separateunit of accounting. This determination is generally based on whether the deliverable has “stand-alone value” to the customer. The arrangement’sconsideration that is fixed and determinable is then allocated to each separate unit of accounting based on the relative selling price of each deliverable. Theestimated selling price of each deliverable is determined using the following hierarchy of values: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value,(ii) third-party evidence of selling price and (iii) best estimate of selling price (BESP). The BESP reflects our best estimate of what the selling price would beif the deliverable was regularly sold by us on a stand-alone basis. In general, the consideration allocated to each unit of accounting is recognized as therelated goods or services are delivered, limited to the consideration that is not contingent upon future deliverables.The assessment of multiple element arrangements requires judgment in order to determine the appropriate units of accounting and the points in time that,or periods over which, revenue should be recognized. Given that, as of December 31, 2014, we did not have the ability to estimate the amount of costs thatwould potentially be incurred under the loss share provision related to the Sanofi License Agreement and the Sanofi Supply Agreement, we believe the fixedand determinable fee requirement for revenue recognition was not met.Cash and Cash Equivalents — The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities of 90 days or less at the time ofpurchase, that are readily convertible into cash to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, cash equivalents were comprised of cash andmoney market accounts with maturities less than 90 days from the date of purchase.Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cashequivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of interest-bearing accounts, which are regularly monitored by management and held in high credit qualityinstitutions.State Research and Development Credit Exchange Receivable — The State of Connecticut provides certain companies with the opportunity to exchangecertain research and development income tax credit carryforwards for cash in exchange for foregoing the carryforward of the research and developmentcredits. The program provides for an exchange of research and development income tax credits for cash equal to 65% of the value of corporation tax creditavailable for exchange. Estimated amounts receivable under the program are recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses.Prepaid expenses and other current assets — Prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily consist of prepaid expenses for goods and services to bereceived. As of December 31, 2014, prepaid and other current assets had a balance of $20.2 million, mainly comprised of a $15.0 million prepayment for2015 quantities of insulin, and prepaid insurance.On July 31, 2014, the Company entered into a Supply Agreement (the “Supply Agreement”) with Amphastar France Pharmaceuticals S.A.S., a Frenchcorporation (“Amphastar”), pursuant to which Amphastar will manufacture for and supply to the Company certain quantities of recombinant human insulinfor use in AFREZZA. Under the terms of the Supply Agreement, Amphastar will be responsible for manufacturing the insulin in accordance with theCompany’s specifications and agreed-upon quality standards. The Company has agreed to purchase annual minimum quantities of insulin under the SupplyAgreement of an aggregate total of approximately €120.1 million for calendar years 2015 through 2019. The remaining annual minimum quantities will be€23.2 million for 2015 and €23.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 through 2019. The Company may request to purchase additional quantitiesof insulin over such annual minimum quantities. As part of the Supply Agreement, the Company paid a $15.0 million deposit to Amphastar as prepayment for2015 quantities of insulin. 72Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Unless earlier terminated, the term of the Insulin Supply Agreement expires on December 31, 2019 and can be renewed for additional, successive two yearterms upon 12 months’ written notice given prior to the end of the initial term or any additional two year term. The Company and Amphastar each havenormal and customary termination rights, including termination for material breach that is not cured within a specific time frame or in the event ofliquidation, bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. In addition, the Company may terminate the Supply Agreement upon two years’ prior written noticeto Amphastar without cause or upon 30 days’ prior written notice to Amphastar if a controlling regulatory authority withdraws approval for AFREZZA,provided, however, in the event of a termination pursuant to either of the latter two scenarios, the provisions of the Supply Agreement require the Companyto pay the full amount of all unpaid purchase commitments due over the initial term within 60 calendar days of the effective date of such termination.Sale of intellectual property — On July 18, 2014, the Company entered into an assignment agreement with a third party whereby the third party acquiredall proprietary rights, technology and know-how that related to a small molecule inhibitor compound and all pre-clinical data and results related thereto.Under the terms of the assignment agreement, the Company received total consideration of $9.3 million and incurred $1.4 million in expense for a netamount of $7.9 million recorded as other income.Milestone Rights — On July 1 2013, in conjunction with the execution of the Facility Agreement, the Company issued Milestone Rights to Deerfieldwhereby the Company agreed to provide Deerfield with pre-specified Milestone Payments upon the achievement of 13 specific Milestone Events related tothe commercial release and future cumulative net sales of AFREZZA. The Company analyzed the Milestone Rights under the provisions of ASC 815 anddetermined that the agreement does not meet the definition of a freestanding derivative. Since the Company has not elected to apply the fair value option tothe Milestone Rights Purchase Agreement, the Company recorded the Milestone Rights at their estimated fair value and accounted for the Milestone Rightsas a liability by applying the indexed debt guidance contained in paragraphs ASC 470-10-25-3 and 35-4.The initial fair value estimate of the Milestone Rights was calculated using the income approach in which the cash flows associated with the specifiedcontractual payments were adjusted for both the expected timing and the probability of achieving the milestones and discounted to present value using aselected market discount rate. The expected timing and probability of achieving the milestones was developed with consideration given to both internaldata, such as progress made to date and assessment of criteria required for achievement, and external data, such as market research studies. The discount ratewas selected based on an estimation of required rate of returns for similar investment opportunities using available market data. The Milestone Rightsliability will be remeasured as the specified milestone events are achieved. Specifically, as each milestone event is achieved, the portion of the initiallyrecorded Milestone Rights liability that pertains to the milestone event being achieved, will be remeasured to the amount of the specified related milestonepayment. The resulting change in the balance of the Milestone Rights liability due to remeasurement will be recorded in our Statement of Operations asinterest expense. Furthermore, the Milestone Rights liability will be reduced upon the settlement of each milestone payment. As a result, each milestonepayment would be effectively allocated between a reduction of the recorded Milestone Rights liability and an expense representing a return on a portion ofthe Milestone Rights liability paid to the investor for the achievement of the related milestone event (see Note 17).Commitment Asset — In connection with the issuance of the Tranche 1 notes and the Milestone Rights, the Company recorded a commitment asset (the“Commitment Asset”) on July 1, 2013. As a result of the First Amendment, the Company recorded an additional Tranche B notes commitment asset (the“Tranche B Commitment Asset”) with an estimated fair value equal to $2.9 million. The Commitment Asset is derecognized and recorded as a debt discounton the 2019 notes and Tranche B notes, when issued and amortized, using the effective interest rate method over the life of the respective notes. Prior toderecognition occurring, the Company monitors the Commitment Asset on an ongoing basis to determine whether an impairment indicator is present 73®Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) that would result in a full or partial write down of the Commitment Asset as a result of events that may lead to the subsequent tranches of notes not beingissued. At December 31, 2014, Deerfield had purchased all four tranches of 2019 notes in the aggregate principal amount of $160.0 million, purchased $20.0million aggregate principal amount of Tranche B notes in accordance with the provisions of the Facility Agreement, and wrote off the remaining portion ofthe Tranche B Commitment Asset. At December 31, 2014 the carrying value of the Commitment Assets was zero.Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The Company utilizes fair value measurement guidance prescribed by GAAP to value its financial instruments.The guidance includes a definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used tomeasure fair value and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. The valuation techniques utilized are based upon observable andunobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal marketassumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; andmodel-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.Level 3 – Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for cash equivalents, other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses andother current liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. The Company determines the cost of inventory using the first-in, first-out, or FIFO,method. The Company capitalizes inventory costs associated with the Company’s products based on management’s judgment that future economic benefit isexpected to be realized; otherwise, such costs are expensed as research and development. The Company periodically analyzes its inventory levels to identifyinventory that may expire or has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value, and writes-down such inventories as appropriate. In addition, theCompany’s products are subject to strict quality control and monitoring which the Company performs throughout the manufacturing process. If certainbatches or units of product no longer meet quality specifications or become obsolete due to expiration, the Company will record a charge to write down suchunmarketable inventory to its estimated realizable value.Property and Equipment — Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives ofthe related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the lease or the service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter.Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Assets under construction are not depreciated until placed into service.Impairment of Long-Lived Assets — The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate thatthe carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10-35 Property Plant and Equipment. Assets are considered to beimpaired if the carrying value may not be recoverable based upon management’s assessment of the following events or changes in circumstances: • significant changes in the Company’s strategic business objectives and utilization of the assets; • a determination that the carrying value of such assets cannot be recovered through undiscounted cash flows; • loss of legal ownership or title to the assets; 74Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) • a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset (asset group), including anadverse action or assessment by a regulator; or • the impact of significant negative industry or economic trends.If the Company believes an asset to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair valueof the assets. Any write-downs would be treated as permanent reductions in the carrying amount of the asset and an operating loss would be recognized. Noasset impairment was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.Income Taxes — The provisions for federal, foreign, state, and local income taxes are calculated on pre-tax income based on current tax law and includethe cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets andliabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to berecovered or settled. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce net deferred income tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.Income tax positions are considered for uncertainty in accordance with ASC 740-10-25 Income Taxes, The Company believes that its income tax filingpositions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position.Therefore, no liabilities for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded. If a tax position does not meet the minimum statutory threshold to avoidpayment of penalties, the Company recognizes an expense for the amount of the penalty in the period the tax position is claimed in the tax return of theCompany. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense, if any. Penalties, if probable and reasonablyestimable, are recognized as a component of income tax expense.Significant management judgment is involved in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and anyvaluation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. Due to uncertainties related to the realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets as a result of itshistory of operating losses, a valuation allowance has been established against the total deferred tax asset balance. The valuation allowance is based onmanagement’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which the Company operates and the period over which deferred tax assets will be recoverable.In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or the Company adjusts these estimates in future periods, a change in the valuation allowance maybe needed, which could materially impact the Company’s financial position and results of operations.Contingencies — Contingencies are recorded in accordance with ASC 450 Contingencies. Accordingly, the Company records a loss contingency for aliability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These accruals representmanagement’s best estimate of probable loss. Disclosure also is provided when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred or when it is reasonablypossible that the amount of a loss will exceed the recorded provision. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews the status of each significant matter andassesses its potential financial exposure. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether anexposure is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based only on the best information available at the time. Asadditional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to pending claims and litigation and may revise itsestimates. These revisions in the estimates of the potential liabilities could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations and financialposition.Stock-Based Compensation — As of December 31, 2014, the Company had three active stock-based compensation plans, which are described more fullyin Note 12. The Company accounts for all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock awards and the compensatory elements of theemployee stock purchase plan in accordance with ASC 718. ASC 718 Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”) 75Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, restricted stock units, performance-based awards and the compensatoryelements of employee stock purchase plans, to be recognized in the statement of operations based upon the fair value of the awards at the grant date. TheCompany uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options and the compensatory elements ofemployee stock purchase plans. Option valuation models require the input of assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based awards, theestimated stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. Beginning in the third quarter of 2014, the Company began toassess both historical and implied volatility in order to determine its estimated volatility rate. Implied volatility is now considered due to the change in theCompany’s business, which occurred with the approval for the sale of AFREEZA. The expected volatility assumption is based on an assessment of thehistorical volatility and the implied volatility of the Company’s common stock, derived from an analysis of historical traded and quoted options on theCompany’s common stock. Restricted stock units are valued based on the market price on the grant date. The Company evaluates stock awards withperformance conditions as to the probability that the performance conditions will be met and estimates the date at which the performance conditions will bemet in order to properly recognize stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period.Warrants — The Company has issued warrants to purchase shares of its common stock. Warrants have been accounted for within equity in accordancewith the provisions of ASC 815-40, Contracts in an Entity’s Own Stock, previously EITF Issue No. 00-19: Accounting for Derivative Financial InstrumentsIndexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock.Forward Contracts — The Company has entered into agreements with The Mann Group whereby the Company agreed to sell and The Mann Groupagreed to purchase common stock and/or warrants. These agreements have been accounted for as forward contracts, having met the definition of derivativeinstruments in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging. The Company determines the fair value of the forward contract upon itsissuance, records fair value adjustments of the forward contract to Other income (expense) during the reporting period and through the settlement of theforward contract, and reclassifies the forward contract to equity upon settlement of the forward contract. In the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013,there were no forward purchase contracts.Comprehensive Loss — Other comprehensive loss is recorded in accordance with ASC 220-10-45 Comprehensive Income, which requires that allcomponents of comprehensive loss be reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Other comprehensive loss includescertain changes in stockholders’ equity that are excluded from net income. Specifically, the Company includes unrealized gains and losses on its available-for-sale securities and cumulative translation gains and losses in other comprehensive loss.Research and Development Expenses — Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with the clinical trials of the Company’s productcandidates, manufacturing supplies and other development materials, including raw material purchases of insulin, compensation and other expenses forresearch and development personnel, costs for consultants and related contract research, facility costs, and depreciation. Research and development costs,which are net of any tax credit exchange recognized for the Connecticut state research and development credit exchange program, are expensed as incurredconsistent with ASC 730-10 Research and Development. The Company began commercial manufacturing in the latter part of the fourth quarter of 2014. Assuch, commercial manufacturing costs incurred in the fourth quarter and included in research and development as expenses are immaterial for the year endedDecember 31, 2014.Clinical Trial Expenses — Clinical trial expenses, which are reflected in research and development expenses in the accompanying statements ofoperations, result from obligations under contracts with vendors, consultants, and clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. Thefinancial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match theperiods over which materials or services are provided to the Company under such contracts. The 76Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) appropriate level of trial expenses are reflected in the Company’s financial statements by matching period expenses with period services and effortsexpended. These expenses are recorded according to the progress of the trial as measured by patient progression and the timing of various aspects of the trial.Clinical trial accrual estimates are determined through discussions with internal clinical personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state ofcompletion of trials, or the services completed. Service provider status is then compared to the contractually obligated fee to be paid for such services. Duringthe course of a clinical trial, the Company may adjust the rate of clinical expense recognized if actual results differ from management’s estimates.Interest Expense — Interest costs are expensed as incurred, except to the extent such interest is related to construction in progress, in which case interest iscapitalized. Interest expense, net of interest capitalized, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $20.4 million, $21.5 million, and $21.6million, respectively. Interest costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 were $0.8 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million,respectively.Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock — Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of commonshares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the sum of the weighted-average number ofcommon shares outstanding during the period plus the potential dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, and shares that could beissued upon conversion of the senior convertible notes outstanding during the period calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method, but areexcluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Because the impact of these items is anti-dilutive during periods of net loss, there was no difference between basic anddiluted loss per common share for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.Recently Issued Accounting Standards — From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB) or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that theimpact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations upon adoption.In May 2014, a new standard was issued related to revenue recognition, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects tobe entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard will replace most of the existing revenue recognition standards inU.S. GAAP when it becomes effective on January 1, 2017. Early adoption is not permitted. The new standard allows for either “full retrospective” adoption,whereby the new standard is applied to each prior reporting period presented or “modified retrospective” adoption, whereby the new standard is only appliedto the most current period presented with the cumulative effect of the change recognized at the date of the initial application. The Company is assessing thepotential impact of the new standard on its consolidated statements of financial position and results of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and hasnot yet selected a transition method.In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-10, Development Stage Entities (Topic 915): Elimination of Certain Financial Reporting Requirements,Including an Amendment to Variable Interest Entities Guidance in Topic 810, Consolidation. The amendments in this ASU remove all incremental financialreporting requirements from GAAP for development stage entities, including the removal of Topic 915, Development Stage Entities, from the FASBAccounting Standards Codification. In addition, the ASU: (a) adds an example disclosure in Topic 275, Risks and Uncertainties, to illustrate one way that anentity that has not begun planned principal operations could provide information about the risks and uncertainties related to the company’s currentactivities; and (b) removes an exception provided to development stage entities in Topic 810, Consolidation, for determining whether an entity is a variableinterest entity. The presentation and disclosure requirements in Topic 915 will no longer be required for the first annual period beginning after December 15,2014. The revised consolidation standards are effective one year later, in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. TheCompany early adopted ASU 2014-10 resulting in the elimination of certain presentation and disclosure requirements previously required by topic 915. 77Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) On August 27, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, which provides guidance on determining when and how reporting entities must disclose going-concern uncertainties in their financial statements. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability tocontinue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which thefinancial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, an entity must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about theentity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” The ASU is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter; earlyadoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2014-15 will have on its consolidated financial statements.3. State research and development credit exchange receivableThe State of Connecticut provides certain companies with the opportunity to exchange certain research and development income tax credit carryforwardsfor cash in exchange for forgoing the carryforward of the research and development income tax credits. The program provides for an exchange of research anddevelopment income tax credits for cash equal to 65% of the value of corporation tax credit available for exchange. Estimated amounts receivable under theprogram are recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, research anddevelopment expenses were offset by $816,000, $282,000, and $289,000, respectively.4. InventoriesInventories consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2014 2013 Raw materials $4,856 $— Work-in-process 4,719 — Finished goods 95 — Total inventories $ 9,670 $ — 5. Property and equipmentProperty and equipment consist of the following (dollar amounts in thousands): EstimatedUsefulLife(Years) December 31, 2014 2013 Land — $5,273 $5,273 Buildings 39-40 54,948 54,948 Building improvements 5-40 114,131 114,099 Machinery and equipment 3-15 80,919 82,189 Furniture, fixtures and office equipment 5-10 5,015 5,046 Computer equipment and software 3 10,465 11,289 Leasehold improvements 4 17 17 Construction in progress 39,580 14,756 310,348 287,617 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (118,221) (111,060) Total property and equipment, net $192,127 $176,557 Leasehold improvements are amortized over four years which is the shorter of the term or the service lives of the improvements. Depreciation andamortization expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, was $9.8 million, $11.5 million, and $13.0million, respectively. 78Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 6. Accrued expenses and other current liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities are comprised of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2014 2013 Salary and related expenses $14,928 $12,193 Research and clinical trial costs — 1,311 Accrued interest 2,396 2,082 Construction in progress 1,343 342 Other 7,539 5,706 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $26,206 $21,634 7. Related-party arrangementsIn October 2007, the Company entered into a $350.0 million loan arrangement with its principal stockholder. The Loan Arrangement has been amendedfrom time to time. In February 2009, the promissory note underlying the Loan Arrangement was revised as a result of the principal stockholder being licensedas a finance lender under the California Finance Lenders Law. Accordingly, the lender was revised to The Mann Group. Until January 1, 2013, interest onoutstanding principal amounts accrued at a fixed rate equal to the one-year LIBOR rate as reported by the Wall Street Journal on the date of such advanceplus 3% per annum. Based on the amended terms of the agreement, the rate was fixed at 5.84% going forward. On October 31, 2013, the promissory note wasamended to, among other things, extend the maturity date of the loan to January 5, 2020, extend the date through which the Company can borrow under theLoan Arrangement to December 31, 2019, increase the aggregate borrowing amount under the Loan Arrangement from $350.0 million to $370.0 million,provide that repayments or cancellations of principal under the Loan Arrangement will not be available for reborrowing and to cancel $78.0 million ofprincipal indebtedness under the Loan Arrangement as payment for the aggregate exercise price of warrants, in accordance with the Common Stock andWarrant Purchase Agreement entered into with The Mann Group on October 18, 2012 (the “Mann Group Warrants”). In addition, the Company and TheMann Group agreed to capitalize into principal $7.9 million of accrued interest that became due and payable upon cancellation of the $78.0 million ofprincipal indebtedness.As of December 31, 2014, the total principal amount outstanding under the Loan Arrangement was $49.5 million, and the amount available for futureborrowings was $30.1 million. Interest, at a fixed rate of 5.84%, is due and payable quarterly in arrears on the first day of each calendar quarter for thepreceding quarter, or at such other time as the Company and The Mann Group mutually agree. All or any portion of accrued and unpaid interest that becomesdue and payable may be paid-in-kind and capitalized as additional borrowings at any time and has been classified as non-current. As of December 31, 2014,the Company had accrued $3.5 million of interest in long term other liabilities related to the Loan Arrangement. The Mann Group can require the Companyto prepay up to $200.0 million in advances that have been outstanding for at least 12 months (less approximately $105.0 million aggregate principal amountthat has been cancelled in connection with two common stock purchase agreements). If The Mann Group exercises this right, the Company will have 90 daysafter The Mann Group provides written notice (or the number of days to maturity of the note if less than 90 days) to prepay such advances. However, pursuantto a letter agreement entered into in August 2010, The Mann Group has agreed to not require the Company to prepay amounts outstanding under theamended and restated promissory note if the prepayment would require the Company to use its working capital resources. In addition, The Mann Groupentered into a subordination agreement with Deerfield pursuant to which The Mann Group agreed with Deerfield not to demand or accept any payment underthe Loan Arrangement until the Company’s payment obligations to Deerfield under the Facility Agreement have been satisfied in full. Subject to theforegoing, in the event of a default under our loan arrangement with The Mann Group, all unpaid principal 79Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) and interest either becomes immediately due and payable or may be accelerated at The Mann Group’s option, and the interest rate will increase to the one-year LIBOR rate calculated on the date of the initial advance or in effect on the date of default, whichever is greater, plus 5% per annum. All borrowingsunder the Loan Arrangement are unsecured. The Loan Arrangement contains no financial covenants.As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had accrued and unpaid interest of $3.5 million and $0.6 million, in long term other liabilitiesrespectively, which related to the amount outstanding and had $30.1 million of available borrowings. Interest expense on the Company’s note payable to ourprincipal stockholder for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $2.9 million, $6.3 million, and $10.5 million, respectively.In connection with certain meetings of the Company’s board of directors and on other occasions when the Company’s business necessitated air travel forthe Company’s principal stockholder and other Company employees, the Company utilized the principal stockholder’s private aircraft, and the Companypaid the charter company that manages the aircraft on behalf of the Company’s majority shareholder approximately $79,000, $82,000, and $200,000,respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 on the basis of the corresponding cost of commercial airfare.The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification providedfor in its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws (see Note 13).8. Senior convertible notesSenior convertible notes consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2014 2013 2015 notes Principal amount $100,000 $100,000 Unaccreted debt issuance cost (645) (1,561) Net carrying amount $99,355 $98,439 On August 18, 2010, the Company completed a Rule 144A offering of $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2015 notes. The 2015 notes aregoverned by the terms of an indenture dated as of August 24, 2010 (the “2015 Note Indenture”). The 2015 notes bear interest at the rate of 5.75% per year onthe principal amount, payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning February 15, 2011. In connection withthe 2015 notes, the Company had accrued interest of $2.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The 2015 notes are general, unsecured,senior obligations of the Company and effectively rank junior in right of payment to all of the Company’s secured debt, to the extent of the value of theassets securing such debt and to the debt and all other liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries. The maturity date of the 2015 notes is August 15, 2015 andpayment is due in full on that date for unconverted securities. Holders of the 2015 notes may convert, at any time prior to the close of business on thebusiness day immediately preceding the stated maturity date, any outstanding principal into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversionrate of 147.0859 shares per $1,000 principal amount, which is equal to a conversion price of approximately $6.80 per share, subject to adjustment. Except incertain circumstances, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change: (1) the Company will pay a make-whole premium on the 2015 notes converted inconnection with a fundamental change by increasing the conversion rate on such 2015 notes, which amount, if any, will be based on the Company’s commonstock price and the effective date of the fundamental change, and (2) each holder of 2015 notes will have the option to require the Company to 80Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) repurchase all or any portion of such holder’s 2015 notes at a repurchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the 2015 notes to be repurchased plusaccrued and unpaid interest, if any. The Company may elect to redeem some or all of the 2015 notes if the closing stock price has equaled 150% of theconversion price for at least 20 of the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the trading day before the Company’s redemption notice. The redemption pricewill equal 100% of the principal amount of the 2015 notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date,plus a make-whole payment equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled interest payments through and including August 15, 2015(other than interest accrued up to, but excluding, the redemption date). The Company will be obligated to make the make-whole payment on all the 2015notes called for redemption and converted during the period from the date the Company mailed the notice of redemption to and including the redemptiondate. The Company may elect to make the make-whole payment in cash or shares of its common stock, subject to certain limitations. Under the terms of the2015 Note Indenture, the conversion option can be net-share settled and the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under thecontract, including the make-whole shares, is fixed and less than the number of authorized and unissued shares less the maximum number of shares that couldbe required to be delivered during the contract period under other existing commitments. Applying the Company’s sequencing policy, the Companyperformed an analysis at the time of the offering of the 2015 notes and each reporting date since and has concluded that the number of available authorizedshares at the time of the offering and each subsequent reporting date was sufficient to deliver the number of shares that could be required to be deliveredduring the contract period under existing commitments.The Company incurred approximately $4.2 million in issuance costs which are recorded as an offset to the 2015 notes in the accompanying consolidatedbalance sheets. These costs are being accreted to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2015 notes.The 2015 notes provide that upon an acceleration of certain indebtedness, including the 2019 notes and the Tranche B notes described in Note 17, theholders may elect to accelerate the Company’s repayment obligations under the 2015 notes if such acceleration is not cured, waived, rescinded or annulled.There can be no assurance that the holders would not choose to exercise these rights in the event such events were to occur.Accretion of debt issuance expense in connection with the 2015 notes during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $0.9 million, $0.9million, and $0.8 million, respectively.9. Collaboration arrangementOn August 11, 2014, the Company and Sanofi entered into a license and collaboration agreement, which became effective on September 23, 2014. Underthe terms of the Sanofi License Agreement, the Company granted to Sanofi exclusive, worldwide licenses to certain of the Company’s patents, trademarks andknow-how for the development and commercialization of AFREZZA. Under the terms of the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi has the exclusive right andresponsibility to develop AFREZZA worldwide, subject to certain development activities that will be performed by the Company. Sanofi will also beobligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to file for, obtain and maintain marketing approvals for AFREZZA in certain major markets and countries. Inaddition, Sanofi will have exclusive, worldwide rights to commercialize AFREZZA and will be obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to market,promote and commercialize AFREZZA in all countries in the world where regulatory approval for AFREZZA has been received. Pursuant to the terms of asupply agreement that the Company entered into with Sanofi concurrently with the Sanofi License Agreement, the Company will be responsible for themanufacture and supply to Sanofi of its requirements of AFREZZA.Under the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi paid the Company an up-front cash payment of $150.0 million in the third quarter of 2014. If certainmanufacturing, regulatory and sales milestones are achieved, the Company will also be eligible to receive up to $775.0 million in milestone payments, ofwhich $75.0 million relates to certain development and manufacturing milestone events, $50.0 million relates to the filing and completion of 81Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) regulatory approvals and $650.0 million relates to the achievement of certain product sales milestones. As of December 31, 2014, the Company earned andrecorded a total of $50.0 million in milestone payments in connection with the satisfaction of manufacturing milestones specified in the Sanofi agreement,which were received subsequent to December 31, 2014. In addition, worldwide profits and losses, which are determined based on the difference between thenet sales of AFREZZA and the costs and expenses incurred by the Company and Sanofi that are specifically attributable or related to the development,improvement, regulatory filings, manufacturing, and commercialization of AFREZZA will be shared 65% by Sanofi and 35% by the Company. In accordancewith the terms of the Sanofi License Agreement, profit and loss sharing commenced in the fourth quarter of 2014.In conjunction with the Sanofi License Agreement, on August 11, 2014, we entered into the Sanofi Supply Agreement which provides that the Companywill be the exclusive manufacturer and supplier of AFREZZA until the specified conditions are met, upon which a portion of the manufacturing activitiesmay be assumed by Sanofi.On September 23, 2014, the Company entered into the Sanofi Loan Facility, consisting of a senior secured revolving promissory note (the “Note”) and aguaranty and security agreement (the “Security Agreement”) with an affiliate of Sanofi which provides the Company with a secured loan facility of up to$175.0 million to fund the Company’s share of net losses under the Sanofi License Agreement. In the event of certain future defaults under the Sanofi Loanfacility agreement for which we are not able to obtain waivers, the lender under the Sanofi Loan Facility may accelerate all of our repayment obligations, andtake control of our pledged assets, potentially requiring us to renegotiate the terms of our indebtedness on terms less favorable to us, or to immediately ceaseoperations.The obligations of the Company under the Sanofi Loan Facility are guaranteed by the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, MannKind LLC, and aresecured by a first priority security interest in certain insulin inventory located in the United States and any contractual rights and obligations pursuant towhich the Company purchases or has purchased such insulin, and a second priority security interest in the Company’s assets that secure the Company’sobligations under the Facility Agreement, as amended. In addition, the Company granted to Sanofi, as additional security for the obligations under the SanofiLoan Facility, a first priority mortgage on the Company’s facility in Valencia, California.Advances under the Sanofi Loan Facility bear interest at a rate of 8.5% per annum and are payable in-kind and compounded quarterly and added to theoutstanding principal balance under the Sanofi Loan Facility. The Company is required to make mandatory prepayments on the outstanding loans under theSanofi Loan Facility from its share of any Profits (as defined in the Sanofi License Agreement) under the Sanofi License Agreement within 30 days of receiptof its share of any such Profits. No advances may be made under the Sanofi Loan Agreement if Deerfield has commenced enforcement proceedings inconnection with an event of default under the Facility Agreement.The outstanding principal of all loans under the Sanofi Loan Facility, if not prepaid, will become due and payable on September 23, 2024 unlessaccelerated pursuant to the terms of the Sanofi Loan Facility. Additionally, if the Company sells its Valencia facility, the Company is required to prepay theloans under the Sanofi Loan Facility in an amount equal to 100% of the net cash proceeds of the sale within five business days of receipt.The Sanofi Loan Facility includes customary representations, warranties and covenants by the Company, including restrictions on its ability to incuradditional indebtedness, grant certain liens and make certain changes to its organizational documents. Events of default under the Sanofi Loan Facilityinclude: the Company’s failure to timely make payments due under the Sanofi Loan Facility; inaccuracies in the Company’s representations and warrantiesto the noteholder; the Company’s failure to comply with any of its covenants under any of the Sanofi Loan Facility or certain other related securityagreements and documents entered into in connection with the 82Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Sanofi Loan Facility, subject to a cure period with respect to most covenants; the Company’s insolvency or the occurrence of certain bankruptcy-relatedevents; termination by Sanofi of the Sanofi License Agreement as a result of the Company’s breach of the Sanofi License Agreement; and the failure of anymaterial provision under any of the Sanofi Loan Facility or certain other related security agreements and documents entered into in connection with theSanofi Loan Facility to remain in full force and effect. If one or more events of default occurs and is continuing, Sanofi may terminate its obligation to makeadvances under the Sanofi Loan Facility, and, if certain specified events of default (including the Company’s failure to timely make payments due under theSanofi Loan Facility; the Company’s failure to comply with the negative covenants under the Sanofi Loan Facility limiting the Company’s ability to incuradditional indebtedness or grant certain liens; the Company’s insolvency or the occurrence of certain bankruptcy-related events; termination by Sanofi of theSanofi License Agreement as a result of the Company’s breach of the non-compete provisions of the Sanofi License Agreement; or the failure of any materialprovision under any of the Sanofi Loan Facility or certain other related security agreements and documents entered into in connection with the Sanofi LoanFacility to remain in full force and effect) occur and are continuing, the noteholder may accelerate all of the Company’s repayment obligations under theSanofi Loan Facility and otherwise exercise any of its remedies as a secured creditor. There can be no assurance that the noteholder would not choose toexercise these rights in the event such events were to occur.The Company analyzed the up-front cash payment of $150.0 million under the provisions of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, to determine whether theup-front cash payment, or a portion thereof, could be recognized as revenue. ASC 605 provides that revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidencethat an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Inaddition, revenue arrangements with multiple elements are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether thedelivered element has stand-alone value to the customer. When deliverables are separable, consideration received is allocated to the separate units ofaccounting based on the relative selling price of each deliverable and the appropriate revenue recognition principles are applied to each unit.The assessment of multiple element arrangements requires judgment in order to determine the appropriate units of accounting and the points in time that,or periods over which, revenue should be recognized. Under the terms of the Sanofi License Agreement, Sanofi Supply Agreement and the Sanofi LoanFacility the Company determined that the arrangement contained significant deliverables including (i) licenses to develop and commercialize AFREZZA andto use the Company’s trademarks, (ii) development activities, and (iii) manufacture and supply services for AFREZZA. Due to the proprietary nature of themanufacturing services being provided by the Company, the Company determined that all of the significant deliverables should be combined into a singleunit of accounting. The Company believes that the manufacturing services are proprietary due to the fact that over the past twelve years, the Company hasdeveloped proprietary knowledge and patented equipment and tools that are used in the manufacturing process of AFREZZA. Due to the complexities ofparticle formulation and the specialized knowledge and equipment needed to handle the AFREZZA powder, neither Sanofi nor any third-party contractmanufacturing organization currently possesses the capability of manufacturing AFREZZA.In order for revenue to be recognized, the seller’s price to the buyer must be fixed and determinable. Given that as of December 31, 2014, the Company didnot have the ability to estimate the amount of costs that would potentially be incurred under the loss share provision related to the Sanofi License Agreementand the Sanofi Supply Agreement, the Company believes this requirement for revenue recognition has not been met.As such, the Company did not recognize any revenue pursuant to the Sanofi License Agreement the Sanofi Supply Agreement for the year endedDecember 31, 2014. The Company recorded the $150.0 million up-front payment and $50.0 million milestone receivable as deferred payments fromcollaboration. As of December 31, 2014, the Company’s portion of the loss sharing was $3.0 million, which resulted in the reclassification from currentdeferred payments from collaboration to other long term liabilities. Subsequent to December 31, 2014 the Company borrowed $3.0 million under the SanofiLoan Facility to finance the portion of the Company’s loss. 83Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 10. Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe carrying amounts of financial instruments, which include cash equivalents and accounts payable, approximate their fair values due to their relativelyshort maturities. The fair value of the note payable to our principal stockholder cannot be reasonably estimated as the Company would not be able to obtain asimilar credit arrangement in the current economic environment.As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company held $120.8 million and $70.8 million, respectively of cash and cash equivalents, consisting of moneymarket funds of $118.5 million and $67.7 million, respectively, and the remaining funds in non-interest bearing checking accounts. The fair value of thesemoney market funds was determined by using quoted prices for identical investments in an active market (Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy).The following is a summary of the carrying values and estimated fair values of the 2015 notes and the facility financing obligation (i.e., the 2019 notesand Trance B notes) (in millions): December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 Carryingvalue Estimatedfair value Carryingvalue Estimatedfair value 2015 notes $99.4 $102.9 $98.4 $102.2 Facility financing obligation $73.0 $75.1 $102.3 $107.0 Senior convertible notesThe estimated fair value of the 2015 notes was calculated based on model derived valuations whose inputs were observable, such as the Company’s stockprice, and non-observable, such as the Company’s long-term historical volatility, which was estimated to be 55% (Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy) in 2014compared to the 65% in 2013. As there is no current observable market for the 2015 notes, the Company determined the estimated fair value using aconvertible bond valuation model within a lattice framework. The convertible bond valuation model combined expected cash outflows with market-basedassumptions regarding risk-adjusted yields, stock price volatility and recent price quotes and trading information regarding Company issued debtinstruments and shares of common stock into which the 2015 notes are convertible.Facility financing agreementAs discussed in Note 17 — Facility Agreement, in connection with the Facility Agreement, the Company issued 2019 notes and Milestone Rights andrecorded the Commitment Asset on July 1, 2013. In addition, on February 28, 2014, the Company entered into the First Amendment, and recorded theTranche B Commitment Asset, which represented the increase in borrowing capacity that the Company received as consideration for the modifications madeto the Facility Agreement and the Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes. As there is no current observable market for the 2019 notes or Tranche B notes, theCompany determined the estimated fair value using a bond valuation model based on a discounted cash flow methodology. The bond valuation modelcombined expected cash flows associated with principal repayment and interest based on the contractual terms of the debt agreement discounted to presentvalue using a selected market discount rate of 12.4% at December 31, 2014 for the 2019 notes and a selected market discount rate of 11.9% at the inceptionof the Tranche B notes (Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy). On December 31, 2014, the market discount rate was recalculated at 12.3%, 12.2%, and 11.8% forthe Tranche 1 notes, the Tranche 4 notes and the Tranche B notes, respectively. The Tranche 2 and Tranche 3 notes were fully converted by the end of thefirst quarter of 2014. On December 31, 2013, the market discount rate for Tranche 1 notes was 12.7%. 84Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The estimated fair value of the Milestone Rights was calculated using the income approach in which the cash flows associated with the specifiedcontractual payments were adjusted for both the expected timing and the probability of achieving the milestones discounted to present value using a selectedmarket discount rate (Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy). The expected timing and probability of achieving the milestones, starting in 2014, was developedwith consideration given to both internal data, such as progress made to date and assessment of criteria required for achievement, and external data, such asmarket research studies. The discount rate (15.0%) was selected based on an estimation of required rate of returns for similar investment opportunities usingavailable market data. As of December 31, 2014, the carrying value of the Milestone Rights is $13.1 million with an estimated fair value of $27.9 million.The fair value of the Commitment Asset was estimated using the income approach by estimating the fair value of the future tranches using a market debtrate (12.0%) commensurate with the risk of the future tranches and the fair value of the cash expected to be received by the Company and assessing theprobability of the commitments being funded in the future based on the operational hurdles required for funding being met (Level 3 in the fair valuehierarchy).The fair value of the Tranche B Commitment Asset was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis under the income approach. Specifically, the fairvalue was determined by estimating the fair value of the future tranche using a market yield (11.8%) commensurate with the risk of the future tranche and thefair value of the cash expected to be received by the Company and assessing the probability of the commitment being funded in the future based on theoperational hurdles required for funding being met as well as consideration of alternative funding options (Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy). As of the dateit was recorded, the Tranche B Commitment Asset was valued at $2.9 million.On May 6, 2014, Deerfield purchased $20.0 million aggregate principal amount of Tranche B notes in accordance with the provisions of the FacilityAgreement, as amended. Accordingly, the $1.2 million portion of the Commitment Asset associated with the $20.0 million purchased was derecognized andrecorded as debt discount on the Tranche B notes.At December 31, 2014, as Deerfield had purchased all four tranches of 2019 notes in the aggregate principal amount of $160.0 million, purchased $20.0million aggregate principal amount of Tranche B notes in accordance with the provisions of the Facility Agreement, and wrote off the remaining portion ofthe Tranche B Commitment Asset. As such, at December 31, 2014 the carrying value of the Commitment Assets was zero.There were no material re-measurements to fair value during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 of financial assets and liabilities thatare not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between the fair value measurement levels during the twelvemonths ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.DerivativesFour embedded features that required bifurcation and separate accounting were identified in the facility financing obligation and the Companydetermined should be bundled together as a single, compound embedded derivative, bifurcated from the host contract, and accounted for at fair value, withchanges in fair value being recorded in the Statement of Operations. The four embedded derivatives contained in the facility financing obligation were theConversion Option, Major Transaction Put Option, Acceleration upon a Legal Judgment against the Company in Excess of $100,000, and Tax Gross-Up. Thefour embedded features were evaluated together as a single compound derivative to determine the fair value of the derivative. The estimated fair value of theembedded derivative was calculated using Level 3 inputs and by applying a cumulative probability percentage to the values derived from a Black-Karasinskilattice model for the major transaction put option (0.8%), the conversion option feature (0.0%), and the acceleration upon a legal judgment against theCompany in 85Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) excess of $100,000 feature (0.1%). The Tax Gross-Up feature was evaluated using a Level 2 analysis based on the withholding requirements (i.e., the tax laws)on interest payments between the US and the British Virgin Islands and was determined to be de minimus. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, managementdetermined the impact of the valuation of the embedded derivative was immaterial (see Note 17).The Company’s derivative financial instruments are not designated as hedging instruments, and gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value arereported in other income (expense), in the consolidated statements of operations. Derivative financial instruments are recognized as other assets or othercurrent liabilities in the financial statements and measured at fair value.The estimated fair values in connection with the February 2012 The Mann Group Common Stock Purchase Agreement (“The February 2012 ForwardPurchase Contract”) and the October 2012 The Mann Group Common Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreement (“The October 2012 Forward PurchaseContract”) was based on forward purchase contract valuations (Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy) (see Note 11).The following roll-forward provides a summary of the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 forward purchase contracts during the year endedDecember 31, 2012 (in thousands): The February 2012Forward PurchaseContract The October 2012Forward PurchaseContract Total Beginning Balance $— $— $— Issuance 1,080 28,237 29,317 Adjustments to fair value included in other income (expense) 12,011 (13,248) (1,237) Transfers to additional paid-in-capital (13,091) (14,989) (28,080) Ending Balance $— $— $— 11. Common and preferred stockThe Company is authorized to issue 550,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferredstock, par value $0.01 per share, issuable in one or more series designated by the Company’s board of directors. No other class of capital stock is authorized.As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, 406,059,089 and 369,391,972 shares of common stock, respectively, were issued and outstanding and no shares ofpreferred stock were outstanding.Included in the common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 are 9,000,000 shares of common stock loaned to Bank of Americaunder a share lending agreement in connection with the offering of the $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2015 notes (see Note 8). Bank ofAmerica is obligated to return the borrowed shares (or, in certain circumstances, the cash value thereof) to the Company on or about the 45 business dayfollowing the date as of which the entire principal amount of the 2015 notes ceases to be outstanding, subject to extension or acceleration in certaincircumstances or early termination at Bank of America’s option. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the borrowed shares by Bank ofAmerica, but the Company did receive a nominal lending fee of $0.01 per share from Bank of America for the use of borrowed shares.On February 8, 2012, the Company sold 35,937,500 units in an underwritten public offering, including 4,687,500 units sold pursuant to the full exerciseof an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.6 of a share ofcommon stock. All of the securities were offered by the Company at a combined price to the public of $2.40 per unit and the underwriters purchased the unitsat a price of $2.256 per unit. Net proceeds from this offering were approximately $80.6 million, excluding any warrant exercises. The 21,562,500 shares ofcommon stock underlying the warrants are exercisable at $2.40 per share and expire four years from the date of the issuance. 86thTable of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The shares of common stock and warrants are immediately separable and were issued separately. Concurrent with the February 2012 underwritten publicoffering, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement with The Mann Group, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and The MannGroup agreed to purchase 31,250,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock at a price of $2.47 per share, the closing of which was subject to theexpiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (“HSR Clearance”), and theCompany’s receipt of stockholder approval to increase the authorized number of shares of our common stock. In June 2012, following HSR Clearance and theCompany’s receipt of such stockholder approval, The Mann Group purchased $77.2 million worth of restricted shares of common stock which were paidthrough the cancellation of principal indebtedness under the amended loan arrangement with The Mann Group (see Note 7). For the twelve months endedDecember 31, 2014, the Company received $27.8 million in proceeds from the exercise of the February 2012 public offering warrants, with $19.5 millionremaining unexercised.The Company concluded that The Mann Group common stock purchase agreement represented a contingent forward purchase contract that met thedefinition of a derivative instrument in accordance with ASC 815. Of the 31,250,000 shares issuable pursuant to the common stock purchase agreement, theportion of the derivative instrument representing 14.7 million shares were recorded as equity (“Equity Portion”) as they met the criteria for equityclassification under ASC 815-40 Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in an Entity’s Own Stock. The remaining 16.5 million shares (“Non-Equity Portion”)required classification outside of equity as the Company did not have sufficient available shares at the time of issuance. The Company revalued the Non-Equity Portion of the forward purchase contract at each reporting date and recorded a fair value adjustment within “Other income (expense)”. At the time ofissuance, the fair value of the forward purchase contract was $2.0 million. The Equity Portion of $0.9 million was classified as equity, and the Non-EquityPortion of $1.1 million was initially recorded to “Prepaid expenses and other current assets.”On May 17, 2012, the Company’s stockholders approved an increase in its authorized shares of common stock from 250,000,000 to 350,000,000.Accordingly, the shares of common stock needed to consummate The Mann Group common stock purchase agreement dated February 2, 2012 becameavailable. As of May 17, 2012, the fair value of the Non-Equity Portion was $13.1 million. As a result of receiving stockholder approval of the increase inauthorized shares, the Non-Equity Portion met the criteria for equity classification. Consequently, the Company reclassified the $13.1 million from “Prepaidexpenses and other current assets” to “Additional paid-in capital.”The fair value of the forward purchase contract was highly sensitive to the discount applied for lack of marketability and the stock price, and changes inthis discount and/or the stock price caused the value of the forward purchase contract to change significantly. As of and for the year ended December 31,2012, the Company recognized the change in fair value of $12.0 million in “Other income (expense).” The Company revalued the Non-Equity Portion usinga forward contract valuation formula, in which the forward contract was estimated to be equal to the valuation date stock price of $2.40 at issuance and $1.69at May 17, 2012 minus the strike price discounted to the valuation date using a risk-free rate of 0.08% at issuance and 0.18% at May 17, 2012. As the shareswhich would be received upon settlement were unregistered, the Company applied a discount for lack of marketability of 2.57% at issuance and 0.42% atMay 17, 2012 based on quantitative put models, adjusted to take into account qualitative factors, including the fact that the Company’s stock was publiclytraded and the fact that there was no contractual restriction on the unregistered shares being registered.In October 2012, pursuant to a previously filed Shelf Registration, which was declared effective by the SEC on September 24, 2012, the Company sold inan underwritten public offering 40,000,000 shares of its common stock, together with warrants to purchase up to 30,000,000 shares of the Company’scommon stock. In addition, the Company sold pursuant to the full exercise of an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters, an additional 6,000,000shares of common stock, together with warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 87Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 4,500,000 shares of common stock. All of the securities were sold together with a warrant for a combined purchase price of $2.00 per unit. The shares ofcommon stock and warrants are immediately separable and were issued separately. Net proceeds from this offering were approximately $86.3 million (afterdeducting discounts and commissions to the underwriters and offering expenses), excluding any future proceeds from the exercise of the warrants. Eachwarrant entitles the holder to purchase 0.75 of a share of common stock. The warrants were exercisable at $2.60 per share and expired in October 2013. TheCompany received $89.7 million in proceeds from the exercise of such warrants prior to their expiration.Concurrently with the underwritten public offering, the Company entered into a Common Stock and Warrant Purchase agreement, in which the Companywas required to issue and sell and The Mann Group was obligated to purchase 40,000,000 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock and 40,000,000warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 30,000,000 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock in a separate private placement. The restricted shareswere sold to The Mann Group at $2.59 per share (the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on October 17, 2012), and the warrantswere sold to The Mann Group at a purchase price of $0.125 for each share of the Company’s common stock underlying the warrants, in exchange forcancellation of outstanding principal under the $350.0 million amended and restated promissory note with The Mann Group. The restricted shares andwarrants were sold to The Mann Group for an aggregate purchase price of $107.4 million. Following receipt of stockholder approval, in December 2012, toincrease the Company’s authorized shares of common stock from 350,000,000 to 550,000,000, the Common Stock and Warrant Purchase agreement wasconsummated, and the shares of common stock and warrants were issued to The Mann Group.On the date the Common Stock and Warrant Purchase agreement was entered into with The Mann Group, the Company did not have a sufficient number ofauthorized, unissued and available common shares to satisfy their commitments under this agreement. The Company characterized the Common Stock andWarrant Purchase agreement as a forward contract, in accordance with ASC 815-40, to deliver a single unit comprising 40,000,000 shares of restrictedcommon stock and 40,000,000 warrants to purchase 30,000,000 shares of restricted common stock that should be classified as assets or liabilities accountedfor at fair value.At the time of issuance, the Company determined the fair value of the forward contract to be $28.2 million and recorded a current asset. On December 20,2012, the date at which a sufficient number of authorized and unissued common shares became available following approval by the stockholders to increaseits authorized shares of common stock, the Company re-valued the forward contract and recorded a fair value adjustment to “Other income (expense)” of$13.2 million expense. Therefore, having met the criteria for equity classification, the Company reclassified the remaining balance of the forward contract of$15.0 million to additional paid in capital. In addition, the Company performed an analysis of the warrants to determine their appropriate classification oncethe forward contract settled and concluded that the warrants should be classified within equity.The fair value of the forward purchase contract was highly sensitive to the discount applied for lack of marketability and the stock price, and changes inthis discount and/or the stock price caused the value of the Forward Contract to change significantly. The value of the derivative instrument was calculatedusing a forward contract valuation formula in which the forward contract was estimated to be equal to the valuation date stock price minus the strike pricediscounted to the valuation date using a risk-free rate of 0.11% at issuance on October 18, 2012 and 0.00% at closing on December 20, 2012. As the shareswhich would be received upon settlement are currently unregistered, the Company applied a discount for lack of marketability of 2.3% at October 18, 2012and 1.5% at December 20, 2012 to reflect this lack of marketability based on quantitative put models, adjusted to take into account qualitative factors,including the fact that the Company’s stock is publicly traded and the fact that there is no contractual restriction on the unregistered shares being registered.The Company then determined that upon the settlement of the forward contracts, the common stock and warrants represent freestanding financialinstruments and should be initially recorded at their relative fair values 88Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) based on the total consideration received. The total consideration received equaled the $107.4 million principal amount of indebtedness cancelled less therecorded value of the forward contracts on December 20, 2012, the date immediately before settlement.12. Net loss per common shareBasic net loss per share excludes dilution for potentially dilutive securities and is computed by dividing loss by the weighted average number of commonshares outstanding during the period excluding the shares loaned under the share lending arrangement (see Note 11). As of December 31, 2014, 2013 and2012, 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, which were loaned to a share borrower pursuant to the terms of a share lending agreement, asdescribed in Note 11, were issued and are outstanding, and holders of the borrowed shares have all the rights of a holder of the Company’s common stock.However, because the share borrower must return all borrowed shares to the Company (or, in certain circumstances, the cash value thereof), the borrowedshares are not considered outstanding for the purpose of computing and reporting basic or diluted earnings (loss) per share. Diluted net loss per share reflectsthe potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Potentiallydilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for all of the periods presented in the accompanying statements ofoperations because the reported net loss in each of these periods results in their inclusion being antidilutive. Antidilutive securities, which consist of stockoptions, restricted stock units, warrants, and shares that could be issued upon conversion of the senior convertible notes, that are not included in the dilutednet loss per share calculation and exclude the 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock loaned under the share lending arrangement as ofDecember 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.Potentially dilutive securities outstanding are summarized as follows: December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Exercise of common stock options 21,541,664 24,237,940 18,674,539 Conversion of senior convertible notes into common stock 17,323,080 25,415,366 19,826,113 Exercise of common stock warrants 9,987,876 19,706,240 86,062,440 Vesting of restricted stock units 2,610,720 9,115,821 3,761,031 51,463,340 78,475,367 128,324,123 13. Stock award plansOn May 23, 2013, the Company adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) as the successor to and continuation of the 2004 EquityIncentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”). The 2013 Plan consists of 21.5 million newly requested shares and the number of unallocated shares remaining availablefor grant for new awards under the 2004 Plan. The 2013 Plan provides for the granting of stock awards including stock options and restricted stock units, toemployees, directors and consultants. The Plan also provides for the automatic, non-discretionary grant of options to the Company’s non-employee directors.No additional awards will be granted under the 2004 Plan or under the 2004 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “NED Plan”) as all futureawards will be made out of the 2013 Plan. 89Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) As of December 31, 2014, the Company has two active stock-based compensation plans — the 2013 Plan and the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan(the “ESPP”). The following table summarizes information about the Company’s stock-based award plans as of December 31, 2014: OutstandingOptions OutstandingRestrictedStock Units Shares AvailableforFuture Issuance 2004 Equity Incentive Plan 13,629,994 1,219,915 — 2013 Equity Incentive Plan 7,380,839 1,390,805 15,506,488 2004 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan 530,831 — — Total 21,541,664 2,610,720 15,506,488 In March 2004, the Company’s board of directors approved the ESPP, which became effective upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering.Initially, the aggregate number of shares that could be sold under the 2004 Plan was 2,000,000 shares of common stock. On January 1 of each year, for aperiod of ten years beginning January 1, 2005, the share reserve automatically increases by the lesser of: 700,000 shares, 1% of the total number of shares ofcommon stock outstanding on that date, or an amount as may be determined by the board of directors. However, under no event can the annual increase causethe total number of shares reserved under the ESPP to exceed 10% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the prior year.On January 1, 2012, 2013 and 2014 the ESPP share reserve was increased by 700,000, 700,000 and 700,000 shares, respectively. As of December 31, 2014,3,073,931 shares were available for issuance under the ESPP. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 the Company sold 422,260, 463,290and 305,076 shares, respectively, of its common stock to employees participating in the ESPP. The ESPP purchase for the period ending December 31, 2014was initiated prior to year end but did not settle until January 5, 2015. As a result, the shares sold are reflected in the ESPP share reserves but is excluded fromcommon stock outstanding as of December 31, 2014.The Company’s board of directors determines eligibility, vesting schedules and exercise prices for stock awards granted under the 2013 Plan. Options andother stock awards under the 2013 Plan expire not more than ten years from the date of the grant and are exercisable upon vesting. Stock options generallyvest over four years. Current stock option grants vest and become exercisable at the rate of 25% after one year and ratably on a monthly basis over a period of36 months thereafter. Restricted stock units generally vest at a rate of 25% per year over four years with consideration satisfied by service to the Company.Performance-based awards vest upon achieving pre-determined performance milestones, which are expected to occur over periods ranging from 11 months to96 months from the date of grant. Only one milestone had not yet been achieved as of December 31, 2014, but is considered probable at such date. The 2013Plan provides for full acceleration of vesting if an employee is terminated within three months of a change in control, as defined in the 2013 Plan. Subsequentto December 31, 2014, the company achieved the last performance-based milestone on February 3, 2015.In accordance with ASC 718, share-based payment transactions are recognized as compensation cost based on the fair value of the instrument on the dateof grant. The Company accounts for non-employee stock-based compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the options, which is determinedusing the Black-Scholes option valuation model and amortizes such expense on a straight-line basis over the service period for time-based awards and overthe expected dates of achievement for performance-based awards. These awards are subject to re-measurement until service is complete. As of December 31,2014, there were options to purchase 552,516 shares of common stock outstanding to consultants.During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to its stock award plans andthe ESPP of $48.6 million, $45.2 million, and $13.3 million, respectively. 90Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) On June 30, 2014, the Company modified certain performance grants to allow 124 employees to withhold in excess of the minimum statutoryrequirements for specific performance-based restricted stock units at the employee’s discretion through December 31, 2014. The modification resulted in thereclassification of these performance grants from equity awards to liability awards, which require re-measurement at the end of each reporting period throughsettlement. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the reclassification and re-measurement of these performance-based restricted stock units throughsettlement resulted in an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $23.0 million.Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the accompanying statements of operations is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Employee-related $48,622 $45,181 $13,224 Consultant-related — 5 68 Total $48,622 $45,186 $13,292 Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the accompanying statements of operations is included in the following categories (inthousands): Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Research and development $22,357 $20,409 $6,167 General and administrative 26,265 24,777 7,125 Total $48,622 $45,186 $13,292 The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options. The expected term of anoption granted is based on combining historical exercise data with expected weighted time outstanding. Expected weighted time outstanding is calculatedby assuming the settlement of outstanding awards is at the midpoint between the remaining weighted average vesting date and the expiration date.Beginning in the third quarter of 2014, the Company began to assess both historical and implied volatility in order to determine its estimated volatilityrate. Implied volatility is now considered due to the change in the Company’s business, which occurred with the approval for the sale of AFREEZA. TheCompany has selected risk-free interest rates based on U.S. Treasury securities with an equivalent expected term in effect on the date the options weregranted. Additionally, the Company uses historical data and management judgment to estimate stock option exercise behavior and employee turnover ratesto estimate the number of stock option awards that will eventually vest. The Company calculated the fair value of employee stock options granted during theyears ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 using the following assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Risk-free interest rate 1.64% — 2.11% 0.94% — 1.82% 0.32% —1.16% Expected lives 5.77 — 6.09 years 2.64 — 5.77 years 1.4 — 6.1 years Volatility 73.98% — 84.85% 75.83% — 86.26% 70% — 84% Dividends — — — 91Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding: NumberofShares WeightedAverageExercisePriceper Share AggregateIntrinsicValue ($000) Outstanding at January 1, 2014 24,237,940 4.35 $40,972 Granted 1,326,800 7.21 Exercised (3,250,149) 3.37 Forfeit (417,223) 4.54 Expired (355,704) 12.48 Outstanding at December 31, 2014 21,541,664 4.53 $33,495 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2014 21,307,827 4.52 $33,253 Exercisable at December 31, 2014 18,439,472 4.42 $30,356 The weighted average grant date fair value of the stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $4.76, $3.26, and$0.99 per option, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $14.9 million,$3.1 million, and $1,000, respectively. Intrinsic value is measured using the fair market value at the date of exercise (for options exercised) or at December 31(for outstanding options), less the applicable exercise price.Cash received from the exercise of options during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $11.0 million, $2.3 million, and$9,200, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual terms for options outstanding, vested and expected to vest, and exercisable atDecember 31, 2014 was 7.07 years, 7.06 years and 6.83 years, respectively.A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2014 is presented below: NumberofShares WeightedAverageGrant DateFair Valueper Share Outstanding at January 1, 2014 9,115,821 $3.90 Granted 954,127 $7.14 Vested (6,982,707) $3.83 Forfeited (476,521) $4.30 Outstanding at December 31, 2014 2,610,720 $5.20 The total restricted stock units expected to vest as of December 31, 2014 was 2,386,061 with a weighted average grant date fair value of $5.23. The totalintrinsic value of restricted stock units expected to vest as of December 31, 2014 was $12.5 million. Intrinsic value of restricted stock units expected to vest ismeasured using the closing share price at December 31, 2014.Total intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $62.7 million, $13.9 million and $2.9million, respectively. Intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested is measured using the closing share price on the day prior to the vest date. The total grantdate fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $36.4 million, $14.9 million and $3.0 million,respectively.As of December 31, 2014, there was $9.0 million and $10.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to options and restricted stock units,respectively, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted 92Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) average vesting period of 2.9 years. The Company evaluates stock awards with performance conditions as to the probability that the performance conditionswill be met and estimates the date at which the performance conditions will be met in order to properly recognize stock-based compensation expense over therequisite service period. As of December 31, 2014, all milestones are considered probable of achievement.14. Commitments and contingenciesOperating Leases — The Company leases certain facilities and equipment under various operating leases, which expire at various dates through 2014 andbeyond. Future payments are deemed insignificant.Rent expense under all operating leases, including office space and equipment, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 wasapproximately $737,000, $645,000, and $675,000 respectively.Leases — The Company’s capital leases were not material for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.Guarantees and Indemnifications — In the ordinary course of its business, the Company makes certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees underwhich it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. The Company, as permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with itsBylaws, indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the officer or director is or was serving at theCompany’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum amount of potential futureindemnification is unlimited; however, the Company has a director and officer insurance policy that may enable it to recover a portion of any future amountspaid. The Company believes the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. The Company has not recorded any liability for these indemnitiesin the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company accrues for losses for any known contingent liability, including those that mayarise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is probable. No such losses have been recorded to date.Litigation — The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of its business. As of December 31, 2014, theCompany believes that the final disposition of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cashflows of the Company and no accrual has been recorded. The Company maintains liability insurance coverage to protect the Company’s assets from lossesarising out of or involving activities associated with ongoing and normal business operations. In accordance with ASC 450 Contingencies, the Companyrecords a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. TheCompany’s policy is to accrue for legal expenses in connection with legal proceeding and claims as they are incurred.Contingencies — In connection with the Facility Agreement, on July 1, 2013 the Company also entered into a Milestone Rights Purchase Agreement (the“Milestone Agreement”) with Deerfield Private Design Fund and Horizon Santé FLML SÁRL (collectively, the “Milestone Purchasers”), pursuant to whichthe Company sold the Milestone Purchasers certain rights (the “Milestone Rights”) to receive payments of up to $90.0 million upon the occurrence ofspecified strategic and sales milestones, including the first commercial sale of an AFREZZA product in the United States and the achievement of specified netsales figures (see Note 17 – Facility Agreement).15. Employee benefit plansThe Company administers a 401(k) Savings Retirement Plan (the “MannKind Retirement Plan”) for its employees. For the years ended December 31,2014, 2013, and 2012, the Company contributed $623,000, $533,000, and $571,000 respectively, to the MannKind Retirement Plan. 93Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 16. Income taxesThere is no provision for income taxes because the Company has incurred operating losses since inception. At December 31, 2014, the Company hasconcluded that it is more likely than not that the Company may not realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets due to its history of losses. Accordingly, thenet deferred tax assets have been fully reserved. The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Current U.S. federal $— $— $— U.S. state — — — Non-U.S. — — — Total current — — — Deferred U.S. federal 57,873 59,379 51,540 U.S. state 7,631 7,470 9,199 Non-U.S. — — — Valuation Allowance (65,504) (66,849) (60,739) Total deferred — — — Total $— $— $— Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting andincome tax purposes. A valuation allowance is established when uncertainty exists as to whether all or a portion of the net deferred tax assets will be realized.Components of the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are approximately as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2014 2013 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $699,997 $653,896 Research and development credits 73,227 70,091 Capitalized research 28,516 30,421 Payments from collaboration 19,217 — Milestone Rights 5,321 6,608 Accrued expenses 768 3,578 Non-qualified stock option expense 43,691 41,219 Capitalized patent costs 8,624 7,811 Other 131 837 Depreciation 3,010 2,539 Total net deferred tax assets 882,502 817,000 Valuation allowance (882,502) (817,000) Net deferred tax assets $— $— As a result of certain realization requirements of ASC 718, the table of deferred tax assets and liabilities does not include certain deferred tax assets as ofDecember 31, 2014 that arose directly from tax deductions related to equity compensation which are greater than the compensation recognized for financialreporting. Equity would be increased by $18.3 million if and when such deferred tax assets are ultimately realized. The Company use ASC 740 ordering whendetermining when excess tax benefits have been realized. 94Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate as follows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and2012: December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Federal tax benefit rate 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% State tax benefit, net of federal benefit — — — Permanent items 0.9 — — Intercompany transfer of intellectual property (4.1) (4.3) (4.0) Valuation allowance (31.8) (30.7) (31.0) Effective income tax rate 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% As required by ASC 740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), formerly FASB Statement No. 109 Accounting for Income Taxes, management of the Company hasevaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the realizability of its deferred tax assets. Management has concluded, in accordance with theapplicable accounting standards, that it is more likely than not that the Company may not realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets. Accordingly, the netdeferred tax assets have been fully reserved. Management reevaluates the positive and negative evidence on an annual basis. During the years endedDecember 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the change in the valuation allowance was $65.5 million, $66.8 million and $60.7 million, respectively, for incometaxes.At December 31, 2014, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion available,respectively, to reduce future taxable income and which will expire at various dates beginning in 2018 and 2015, respectively. As a result of the Company’sinitial public offering, an ownership change within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 382 occurred in August 2004. As a result, federal netoperating loss and credit carry forwards of approximately $216.0 million are subject to an annual use limitation of approximately $13.0 million. The annuallimitation is cumulative and therefore, if not fully utilized in a year can be utilized in future years in addition to the Section 382 limitation for those years.The federal net operating losses generated subsequent to the Company’s initial public offering in August 2004 are currently not subject to any suchlimitation as there have been no ownership changes since August 2004 within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 382. At December 31, 2014,the Company had research and development credits of $48.0 million and $39.0 million for federal and state purposes, respectively. The federal credits beginto expire in 2024, and the state credits may be carried forward indefinitely.The Company has evaluated the impact of ASC 740, previously FIN 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, on its financial statements, whichwas effective beginning January 1, 2007. The evaluation of a tax position in accordance with this guidance is a two-step process. The first step is recognition:the enterprise determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any relatedappeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-notrecognition threshold, the enterprise should presume that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledgeof all relevant information. The second step is measurement: a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured todetermine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold shouldbe recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet themore-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met.The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will resultin a material change to its financial position. Therefore, 95Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) no liabilities for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded. Tax years since 2002 remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions inwhich the Company is subject to tax.17. Facility AgreementUnder the Facility Agreement, which was initially entered into in 2013 between the Company and Deerfield, the Company borrowed a total of $180.0million through the issuance of multiple tranches of notes during 2013 and 2014. In addition to the $6.5 million of principal that was converted during 2013,Deerfield elected to convert an additional $93.5 million of principal into shares of the Company’s common stock during 2014 which was recorded net ofdiscount and debt issuance costs of $6.8 million.The Facility Agreement principal repayment schedule is comprised of payments beginning on the third anniversary of each issued tranche commencingon July 1, 2016 and ending December 9, 2019, for a total amount of $80.0 million. There are no principal payments to be made for the year endedDecember 31, 2015. Future principal payments for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 are $5.0 million, $20.0 million, $20.0 million,and $35.0 million, respectively.As of December 31, 2014, the total principal amount outstanding related to the 2019 notes is $60.0 million with a fixed interest rate of 9.75% and $20.0million debt related to the Tranche B notes at a fixed interest rate of 8.75%.In conjunction with the Facility Agreement, we entered into a Milestone Rights Agreement with Deerfield which requires us to make contingent paymentsto Deerfield, totaling up to $90.0 million, upon the Company achieving specified commercialization milestones. We calculated a fair value of $16.3 millionrelated to the Milestone Payments and recorded it as a Milestone Rights liability which will be reduced as the various Milestones are met. During 2014, theMilestone Rights liability was reduced by $3.1 million upon the Company achieving the first milestone and as of December 31, 2014, the remaining $13.1million has been allocated between a $4.2 million current Milestone Rights liability in other current liabilities and an $8.9 million long-term MilestoneRights liability in other liabilities.In addition, as of December 31, 2013, we had a commitment asset balance of $5.2 million. During 2014, the commitment asset fair value increased by $2.9million due to Deerfield’s commitment to lend additional funds under the Tranche B notes and decreased by $6.3 million due to the issuance of Tranche 4notes and Tranche B notes. The remaining $1.8 million commitment asset balance was written-off by the Company, upon expiration of access to furtherborrowings.Accretion of debt issuance cost and debt discount in connection with the Deerfield financing during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are asfollows (in thousands): December 31, 2014 2013 Accretion expense- debt issuance cost $326 $42 Accretion expense- debt discount $7,550 $1,113 On July 1, 2013, the Company entered into the Facility Agreement providing for the sale of up to $160.0 million of 2019 notes to Deerfield in four equaltranches of $40.0 million principal amount. The 2019 notes accrue interest at a rate of 9.75% per annum until maturity in 2019 or their earlier repayment,repurchase, or conversion. As of December 31, 2014, Deerfield had purchased the four tranches of 2019 notes in the aggregate principal amount of $160.0million.On February 28, 2014, the Company entered into the First Amendment, which modified the terms of the Facility Agreement to provide for the issuance ofTranche B notes to Deerfield. Pursuant to the terms of the First Amendment and the subsequent occurrence of certain events specified in the First Amendment,prior to 96Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) December 30, 2014, the Company may request that Deerfield purchase up to $90.0 million aggregate principal amount of Tranche B notes. The Tranche Bnotes initially accrued interest at the rate of 9.75% per year on the outstanding principal amount, subject to reduction to 8.75% if the Company entered into acollaboration with a third party to commercialize AFREZZA. Pursuant to the terms of the First Amendment, the interest rate was subsequently reduced to8.75% on September 23, 2014 following completion of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s review of the transactions contemplated by the Sanofi LicenseAgreement under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act and the completion of documentation related to the $175.0 million secured loan facility being provided to theCompany. The interest on the outstanding principal amount of notes under the Facility Agreement is payable in cash quarterly in arrears on the last businessday of March, June, September and December of each year. The Company is required to repay 25% of the original principal amount of any Tranche B noteson the third, fourth, fifth and sixth anniversaries of the applicable issue dates of such notes, provided that the entire outstanding principal amount of allTranche B notes will become due and payable no later than December 31, 2019. The Tranche B notes can be prepaid without penalty or premiumcommencing two years after issuance thereof. On May 6, 2014, Deerfield purchased an aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million in Tranche B notes inaccordance with the provisions of the Facility Agreement, as amended.The Facility Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants, including, a restriction on the incurrence of additionalindebtedness, and a financial covenant which requires the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, which includes available borrowings on the principalstockholder note, on the last day of each fiscal quarter to not be less than $25.0 million. As discussed in Note 1 — Basis of Presentation, the Company willneed to raise additional capital to support its current operating plans. Due to the uncertainties related to maintaining sufficient resources to comply with theaforementioned covenant, the 2019 notes have been classified as current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2014. In the eventof non-compliance, there can be no assurances that the holders of the 2019 notes will not exercise remedies available to them, which may include, amongother things, the issuance of a notice of acceleration.In addition, pursuant to the First Amendment, the outstanding first tranche of 2019 notes (the “Tranche 1 notes”) and third tranche of 2019 notes (the“Tranche 3 notes”) held by Deerfield were amended and restated to permit Deerfield to convert up to an additional $60.0 million principal amount undersuch 2019 notes into the Company’s common stock after the effective date of the First Amendment. The Company also agreed to register for resale up to12,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon conversion of the outstanding 2019 notes, as amended and restated, as of the date of theFirst Amendment. In March 2014, Deerfield elected to convert the full $40.0 million of outstanding principal amount of the Tranche 3 notes and $12.5million principal amount of the Tranche 1 notes. In April 2014, Deerfield elected to convert the remaining $7.5 million principal amount of the Tranche 1notes.On August 11, 2014, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Facility Agreement to permit the incurrence of additional secured debt underthe Sanofi Loan Facility. In the event of certain future defaults under the foregoing agreements for which we are not able to obtain waivers, the holders of the2019 notes and Tranche B notes may accelerate all of our repayment obligations, and take control of our pledged assets, potentially requiring us torenegotiate the terms of our indebtedness on terms less favorable to us, or to immediately cease operations.Milestone RightsIn connection with the execution of the Facility Agreement, on July 1, 2013, the Company issued Milestone Rights to the Milestone Purchasers. TheMilestone Rights provide the Milestone Purchasers certain rights to receive payments of up to $90.0 million upon the occurrence of specified strategic andsales milestones, including the first commercial sale of an AFREZZA product and the achievement of specified net sales figures. 97Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Milestone Agreement includes customary representations and warranties and covenants by the Company, including restrictions on transfers ofintellectual property related to AFREZZA. The Milestone Rights are subject to acceleration in the event the Company transfers its intellectual propertyrelated to AFREZZA in violation of the terms of the Milestone Agreement.The Company analyzed the Milestone Rights under the provisions of ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging, and determined that the instruments do not meetthe definition of a freestanding derivative. Since the Company has not elected to apply the fair value option to the Milestone Rights, the Company hasinitially recorded the Milestone Rights at their estimated fair value and accounted for the Milestone Rights as a liability by applying the indexed debtguidance contained in paragraphs ASC 470-10-25-3 and 35-4.The initial fair value estimate of the Milestone Rights was calculated using the income approach in which the cash flows associated with the specifiedcontractual payments were adjusted for both the expected timing and the probability of achieving the milestones discounted to present value using a selectedmarket discount rate. The Milestone Rights were initially recorded as a short-term liability equal to $3.2 million included in Accrued expenses and othercurrent liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet and a long term liability equal to $13.1 million included in Other liabilities. Indetermining the fair value of the Milestone Rights, the 13 individual milestone payments were adjusted for both (i) the expected timing and (ii) theprobability of achieving the milestones, and then discounted to present value using a discount rate of 17.5%. Once the initial valuation of each specifiedmilestone payment was determined, the individual milestone payments were then aggregated to arrive at a total fair value of $16.3 million. The discount ratewas based on the estimated cost of equity which was derived using the capital asset pricing model. In addition, a 5% risk premium was added to thecomputation of the cost of equity to adjust for non-systemic risk factors, such as the Company’s lack of product diversification and history of financial losses,which were not captured in other model inputs.As of December 31, 2014, the first milestone triggering event was achieved following the Company’s entry into the Sanofi License Agreement, whichresulted in a $1.9 million incremental charge to interest expense due to the increase in carrying value of the liability to the required $5.0 million payment,which was paid to Deerfield pursuant to the terms of the Milestone Agreement.The Milestone Rights liability will be remeasured as the specified milestone events are achieved. Specifically, as each milestone event is achieved, theportion of the initially recorded Milestone Rights liability that pertains to such milestone event being achieved will be remeasured to the amount of therelated milestone payment. The resulting change in the balance of the Milestone Rights liability due to such remeasurement will be recorded in theCompany’s Statement of Operations as interest expense. Furthermore, the Milestone Rights liability will be reduced upon each such milestone paymentbeing paid. As a result, each milestone payment would be effectively allocated between a reduction of the initially recorded Milestone Rights liability and anexpense representing a return on a portion of the Milestone Rights liability paid to the Milestone Purchasers for the achievement of the related milestoneevent.The Company identified and evaluated a number of embedded features in the Milestone Rights to determine if they represented embedded derivativesrequiring bifurcation and separate accounting pursuant to ASC 815. There were no features in the Milestone Rights that required bifurcation and separateaccounting.Commitment AssetIn connection with the issuance of the Tranche 1 notes and the Milestone Rights, the Company recorded a commitment asset (the “Commitment Asset”)on July 1, 2013. As a result of the First Amendment, the Company recorded an additional Tranche B notes commitment asset (the “Tranche B CommitmentAsset”) with an estimated fair value equal to $2.9 million. The Commitment Asset is derecognized and recorded as a debt discount on the 2019 notes andTranche B notes when issued and amortized using the effective interest rate method over the life of the respective notes. Prior to derecognition occurring, theCompany monitors the 98Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Commitment Asset on an ongoing basis to determine whether an impairment indicator is present that would result in a full or partial write down of theCommitment Asset as a result of events that may lead to the subsequent tranches of notes not being issued. On December 30, 2014, the Company elected notto draw on the $70.0 million of funding remaining under the Facility Agreement, as amended, from the sale of the Tranche B notes. Consequently, theremaining carrying value of the Tranche B Commitment Asset of $1.8 million was written off and recorded as interest expense.Amendment to the outstanding Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notesThe amendment and restatement of the outstanding Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes, pursuant to the First Amendment, did not represent a troubleddebt restructuring of the 2019 notes because the First Amendment did not result in Deerfield granting a concession to the Company. In addition, the FirstAmendment did not result in a substantial modification to the terms of the Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes.The impact of the First Amendment to the Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes is being accounted for as a prospective yield adjustment. Specifically, thevalue of the Tranche B Commitment Asset was considered a fee received from the creditor as consideration for the First Amendment and is being amortized asan adjustment of interest expense over the remaining term of the Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes using the effective interest method. Further, the valueof the Tranche B Commitment Asset, which decreased the amount of debt discount in the Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes, was allocated between theTranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes in a manner that resulted in the Tranche 1 notes and Tranche 3 notes having a new effective interest rate of 11.63%.Security AgreementIn connection with the Facility Agreement, the Company and its subsidiary, MannKind LLC, entered into a Guaranty and Security Agreement (the“Security Agreement”) with Deerfield and HS (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company and MannKind LLC each granted thePurchasers a security interest in substantially all of their respective assets, including respective intellectual property, accounts, receivables, equipment,general intangibles, inventory and investment property, and all of the proceeds and products of the foregoing. The Security Agreement includes customarycovenants by the Company and MannKind LLC, remedies of the Purchasers and representations and warranties by the Company and MannKind LLC. Thesecurity interests granted by us and MannKind LLC will terminate upon repayment of the 2019 notes and tranche B notes, if applicable, in full. Ourobligations under the Facility Agreement and the Milestone Agreement are also secured by certain mortgages on the Company’s facilities in Danbury,Connecticut and Valencia, California.Embedded DerivativesThe Company identified and evaluated a number of embedded features in the notes issued under the Facility Agreement to determine if they representedembedded derivatives that are required to be separated from the notes and accounted for as freestanding instruments pursuant to ASC 815. In 2013, weanalyzed the Tranche 1 notes, Tranche 2 notes, and Tranche 3 notes and identified embedded derivatives in each respective Tranche of notes which requiredseparate accounting under ASC 815; however all of the embedded derivatives were determined to have a de minimis value. In addition, we issued the TrancheB and Tranche 4 notes during 2014 and performed a similar analysis on each respective Tranche of notes. Based on our analysis, we determined that theTranche B notes contained embedded derivatives that required to be separated from the Tranche 4 notes; however such embedded derivatives weredetermined to have a de minimis value.At December 31, 2014, all of the embedded derivatives identified in the Tranche 1 notes, Tranche B notes, and Tranche 4 notes were deemed to have a deminimis value. 99Table of ContentsMANNKIND CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Conversion OptionDuring 2014, Deerfield elected to convert a total of $93.5 million of principal, which consisted of $20.0 million, $33.5 million, and $40.0 million ofTranche 1 notes, Tranche 2 notes, and Tranche 3 notes, respectively, into an aggregate 17,323,080 shares of common stock. In conjunction with theconversion by Deerfield, we recorded an aggregate expense of $6.4 million for the difference between the principal amount of the notes converted and theircarrying amount (which included unamortized discount and debt issuance costs) which consisted of $1.2 million, $3.0 million, and $2.2 million related tothe Tranche 1 notes, Tranche 2 notes, and Tranche 3 notes, respectively. Further, upon Deerfield converting $40.0 million of Tranche 3 notes and$20.0 million of Tranche 1 notes, Deerfield has reached the conversion limits (i.e., “Applicable Limits”) with respect to the Facility Agreement and therefore,no additional amount of the 2019 notes is convertible.18. Selected quarterly financial data (unaudited)Summarized quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are set forth in the following tables: March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (In thousands, except per share data) 2014 Net loss $(52,056) $(73,365) $(36,520) $(36,439) Net loss per share — basic and diluted $(0.14) $(0.19) $(0.09) $(0.09) Weighted average common shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share 368,784 380,770 394,163 396,793 March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (In thousands, except per share data) 2013 Net loss $(40,965) $(46,124) $(50,818) $(53,582) Net loss per share — basic and diluted $(0.15) $(0.16) $(0.17) $(0.16) Weighted average common shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share 280,058 284,044 296,386 337,284 100Exhibit 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-183679 on Form S-3 and Registration Statement Nos. 333-117811, 333-127876, 333-137332, 333-149049, 333-160225, 333-176409, 333-182457 and 333-188790 on Form S-8 of our reports dated March 2, 2015, relating to theconsolidated financial statements of MannKind Corporation and subsidiaries (“MannKind Corporation”) (which report expresses an unqualified opinion andincludes an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern), and the effectiveness of MannKind Corporation’sinternal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of MannKind Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2014./s/ Deloitte & Touche LLPLos Angeles, CaliforniaMarch 2, 2015Exhibit 31.1RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATIONI, Hakan S. Edstrom, certify that:1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of MannKind Corporation;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have:(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theregistrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controlover financial reporting. /s/ Hakan S. EdstromHakan S. EdstromPresident, Chief Executive Officer and DirectorDate: March 2, 2015Exhibit 31.2RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATIONI, Matthew J. Pfeffer, certify that:1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of MannKind Corporation;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have:(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theregistrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controlover financial reporting. /s/ Matthew J. PfefferMatthew J. PfefferCorporate Vice President andChief Financial OfficerDate: March 2, 2015Exhibit 32CERTIFICATION1Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), andSection 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Hakan S. Edstrom, President and Chief Executive Officer of MannKindCorporation (the “Company”), and Matthew J. Pfeffer, Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to thebest of his knowledge:1. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2014, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32 (the“Annual Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and2. The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of theCompany.In Witness Whereof, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 2nd day of March 2015. /s/ Hakan S. Edstrom/s/ Matthew J. PfefferHakan S. EdstromMatthew J. PfefferPresident and Chief Executive OfficerCorporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 1 This certification accompanies the Annual Report on Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commissionand is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of MannKind Corporation under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K to which this certification relates),irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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